1581

~
^

DOS
REFERENCE

GUIDE

©1988 David W. Martin

Published by HOS Inc.
■
w

^
First Edition, October 1, 1988

Published by Hands on Software, Inc.

Copyright 1988 David W. Martin

All Rights Reserved.

2700 NE Andresen Road #A-1

Vancouver, WA, USA 98661
(206)695-9648

This book is copyrighted. No part of this book

may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise.

Every effort has been made to insure complete

and accurate information concerning the material
presented in this book. However, David W. Martin can
neither guarantee nor be held legally responsible for
any mistakes in printing or faulty instructions
contained in this book. The author will always
appreciate receiving notice of any mistakes.

1541, 1571, 1581, Commodore 64, Commodore 128, BASIC

7.0 , BASIC 2.0 and Amiga are trademarks or
registered trademarks of Commodore Int., Ltd.

CP/M is a.registered trademark of Digital Research,

Inc.
 This book is dedicated to

my family

on both sides of the Atlantic.

* * *

Dieses Buch ist gewidnet zu

meine Familie

an beiden seiten von den Atlantik.

 Table of Contents

Introduction i

Chapter 1 - New Disk Drive Commands 1

1581 Extended Block Read/Write 1

1581 Utility Loader - "&" 1

1581 Autoloader 2

1581 Disk Partitioning 3

View 1581 "Secret messages" 6

Chapter 2 - Disk Format Structure 7

Format Organization 7

Track and Sector Layout 8

Physical to Logical Conversions 8

Directory Track 11

BAM - Block Availability Map 12

File Information Sectors 14

Directory/File Entries 15

Program File Storage 16

Sequential/User File Storage 17

Relative File Storage 18

Deleted File Storage 19

Locked File Storage 19A

Chapter 3 - Using Burst Commands.. 20

Read 21

Write 22

Inquire Disk 23

Format Disk 23

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide Contents
 Query Disk Format 25

Inquire Status 26

Dump Track Cache Buffer 27

Fastload Utility 28

Burst Status Byte Decoded 28

Burst Routine Notes 29

Chapter 4 - Burst Utility Commands 31

Serial Bus Mode 31

DOS Sector Interleave. 31

DOS Retries 32

ROM Signature Analysis 32

Verify Select 32

Disk Device Set 33

Mystery Command - SIEEE Timing 33

Memory Read/Write 34

Chapter 5 - Using Kracker-Mon 35

Chapter 6 - System Overview & RAM Memory Map..41

System Overview Map 41

RAM Memory Map 42

Chapter 7 - DOS Controller Chips Memory Map...57

8520A 2 Mhz CIA Input/Output Controller 57

WD177x Floppy Disk Controller 58

WD177x Command Summary 58

WD177x Status Byte 60

Programming the WD177x 61

Chapter 8 - ROM Memory Map 67

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide Contents
Chapter 9 - Miscellaneous 107

Powerup Diagnostics 107

Track Cache Buffer 107

1581 Serial Bus Specifications 108

Serial Bus Pin Out 109

Serial Bus Commands/Addresses 110

Secondary Address Descriptions Ill

Standard Kernal Calls & Serial Bus Ill

Standard Serial Bus Protocol 114

Fast Serial Bus Protocol 114

Burst Serial Bus Protocol 115

1581 Bugs 115

Reaching the Author 117

Getting Information on the WD177x 117

Recommended Reading 118

Construction - Building a Book 119

Thanks 119

Appendix A - Sample and Utility Programs 121

Loading Sample and Utility Programs 121

Loading Kracker-Mon 121

Sample Program Documentation 122

Appendix B - 1581 Error Creator 125

Appendix C - Programming the 1581 Job Queue...127

The 1581 Job Queue 127

Job Queue Programmer's Memory Map 128

Basic 1581 Controller Call 128

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide Contents
 1581 Controller Status Byte 130

Job Contoller Commands and Descriptions....130

DOS Kernal Jump Table 145

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide Contents
First, I'd like to point out that this book is not a
substitute for the 1581 manual provided by Commodore.
So don't throw that book away yet. My book is
designed to compliment the Commodore book that in
many ways is a step ahead of previous Commodore disk
drive manuals. They actually provided information on
the DOS in the 1581 book. I was really impressed by
it, but the need to learn and know more gave me the
desire to write the book you are reading: The 1581
DOS Reference Guide.

I'm sure that many of you share the same

feelings as I do. It is always best to know as much
about the equipment you use that's possible. That way
you can get that extra ounce of performance out of
it, etc. Well this books goal is to give you that
information the rest is up to you. So get cracking!
Let's see some really hot 1581 disk utilities.

Speaking of hot utilities, the folks at Software

Support International have done their part in
creating the best 1581 utility package around. In
fact, you'll find the hottest 1581 utility around
included on a disk with this book. It's one software
package that no 1581 owner should be without. It will
catch your 1581's real spirit and let it fly high!

The second thing I'd like to mention is about

the memory maps in Chapters 6 through 8. The maps
provided do not contain any of the original program
code contained within the 1581's DOS ROMs. The
reasons behind this are many, but basically the main
reason is the fact that Commodore now includes a
copyright message within the DOS ROMs that would
hamper publication of an extensive memory map.
Therefore, I am only providing routine addresses,
labels and descriptions in the DOS ROM memory map.

The third thing I'd like to mention is that this

book is not going to teach beginners to program the
1581 DOS. It's contents are provided as a reference
to experienced computer programmers, DOS programmers
and beginners interested in what makes the 1581 tick.
If you are new to DOS programming I suggest that you
pick up any of the books mentioned in the recommended
reading section in chapter 9. The books listed there
will help those of you who are interested in
programming other Commodore or compatible drives
(i.e. 1541, 1571, and MSD drives).

In closing I'd like to say thanks for buying

this book. The book has been a product of many man
hours plus the usual blood sweat and tears. Please

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -i- Introduction
encourage your friends to buy this book and it's
companion disk. Do not pirate these products. It only
hurts me and you in the end. Remember! Just say NO to
piracy!
David W. Martin

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -ii- Introduction
 Chapter 1 — New Disk Drive ^

1581 Extended Block Read and Write

The 1581's extended BLOCK-READ and BLOCK-WRITE

commands allow you to read tracks and sectors that
are beyond the normal range used by the DOS. They
function in a manner that is similar to the Ul and U2
commands, except the ILLEGAL TRACK AND SECTOR message
is bypassed. As in the Ul and U2 commands the buffer
pointer is initialized to point at the first byte in
the sector read.

I have not found a use for this feature yet, but

it may possibly be useful in disk protection. For
instance, the Amiga's disk drives can read out past
track 80 and data can be stored on these extended
tracks. It maybe possible in the near future to
format 1581 disks out past track 80 and then use the
extended B-R and B-W commands to retrieve and store
data there. These commands take the following format:

EXTENDED BLOCK-READ

PRINT#15,"B-x";channel#;track#;sector#
(x = shifted R)
or

PRINT#15/"B-";CHR$(210);channel#;track#;sector#

EXTENDED BLOCK-WRITE

PRINT#15,"B-x";channel#;track#;sector§
(x = shifted W)
or

PRINT#15,"B-";CHR$(215);channel#;track#;sector#

* * *

1581 UTILITY LOADER - "&"

The 1581's Utility Loader (UL) command is a

handy feature that can be used to load and execute
machine language DOS programs inside the 1581. It's
command structure is as follows:

PRINT#15,"&0:filename"

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -1- Chapter 1
 The file loaded by this command must be in the
following format:

Byte 0 - Low byte of start address

Byte 1 - High byte of start address

Byte 2 - Number of program bytes

Byte 3 - Data bytes containing program code

• •

Byte x -

Byte x+1 - Checksum

The file type must be of type USR so the UL will

function properly and you are limited to a program
size of 251 bytes. Program data bytes MUST start at
byte three.

The start address also doubles as the load

address of the program in the disk drive's RAM and
execution will begin at that point. Upon execution of
an RTS instruction control will return to the user.

The checksum is always the byte following the

last data byte. It is calculated by adding the
starting address, the number of data bytes and the
data bytes themselves together. If this calculation
results in a carry it is counted along with the
checksum.

Appendix A contains some demo programs that

demonstrate the usage of the UL command. The PRG-2-
USR program will take your machine language program
file on disk and convert it to a USR file that is
compatible with the UL command. The DEMO & CMD
program loads a USR file on disk that demonstrates
the "&" command by flashing the disk drive error
light before returning control of the disk drive to
the user.

1581 AUTO LOADER

The 1581 's auto loader is a handy feature for

executing a DOS program automatically when the drive
performs any of the following functions: power-up,
reset, burst inquire, burst query, or the initialize
command. During these operations the 1581 looks for a

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -2- Chapter 1
file called "COPYRIGHT CBM 86" that is a USR type
file. This file must follow the same format used in
the utility loader mentioned previously. The file
will be loaded and executed if it is present on the
disk in the drive.

The automatic loading feature can be disabled in

the following ways:

(1) Renaming the file (easiest)

(2) Setting a flag in the BAM
(3) Setting a flag in DOS RAM

After executing the program must call the

JCBMBOOTRTN ($FFBA) to return control to the 1581.

Appendix A contains a file that will demonstrate

the 1581's auto loading file capability. The AUTOBOOT
DEMO program will cause the 1581's error LED to flash
as in previous examples.

Notes:

1) See location $01FB in the RAM memory map. Bits 7

and 6 control the autoboot sequence.

2) See byte number 7 in the BAM (track 40 sectors 1

and 2) it controls the autoboot sequence also.

* * *

1581 DISK PARTITIONING

The 1581 supports disk partitioning via the "/"

command. Disk partitioning provides a means of
protecting portions of the diskette. This was
provided so that users could permanently reserve
space on a diskette for BOOT sectors, CP/M data, or
random access files.

Reserving disk space has always been easy via

the BLOCK-ALLOCATE command (B-A). The B-A command
would set a bit in the BAM that would protect the
sector from being over written by normal DOS
commands. The BLOCK-FREE (B-F) command could then be
used to deallocate a selected disk sector.

Although easy to use the B-A command is not

without problems. It's main problem has always been
the fact that sectors that are allocated by it can be
de-allocated by the DOS VALIDATE command.

This is where the disk partition command steps

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -3- Chapter l
in. It prevents the deallocation of special blocks by
the VALIDATE command. This is because the VALIDATE
command skips partition files that are designated as
file type CBM.

CBM files are created when you set up a

partition and they insure the protection of the
selected area on the diskette. As long as the CBM
file exists the data will be protected from the
VALIDATE command.

Partitions are named the same way as other disk

files on the 1581. Like them you are limited to
sixteen characters, etc. When listing a directory
they appear as file type CBM.

The create a partition command is as follows:

PRINT#15,"/0:partition name,"+CHR$(starting
track)+CHR$(starting sector)+CHR$(low byte
of sectors)+CHR$(high byte of sectors)+",C"

Larger partitions can be used as sub

directories. There are, however, some limitations if
you plan on using parts of a partition as a
sub-directory. They are:

(1) The partition area must be at least 120 sectors

in size

(2) The starting sector must always be 0

(3) The ending sector must always be a multiple of

40

(4) The area allocated cannot contain track 40

(which is the original system track for the root
directory)

Many levels of sub-directories can be created.

The figure below shows a graphical representation of
multiple level disk partitions.

ROOT DIRECTORY "/"

i

_:
/0:PARTITION1 /0:PARTITION2
i

/0:PARTITION2A
i

/0:PARTITION2B

Once disk partitions are created they can be

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -4- Chapter 1
selected via the command:

PR1NT#15,M/O:partition name"

The first time you open a disk partition you

must format it via the DOS NEW command. Care should
be taken that the selected partition is available or
you may end up formatting the entire diskette. You
can check to see that you have selected the right
partition via the error channel. If everything is ok
then reading the error channel should produce:

02, SELECTED PARTITION,first track#,last track#

If the error channel produces:

77, SELECTED PARTITION ILLEGAL,00,00

then you must reattempt to select the partition

again. It either does not exist or you misspelled the
file name.

Directories can only be accessed in a forward

direction. If you need to go back to a directory a
level above the current one, you must first select
the root directory via:

PRINT#15,M/"

Then you will need to work your way down through

the other directories until you reach the level you
need. The example below shows you how to switch
between multiple level directories.

Example; Multiple Directory Switching

PRINT#15 , ■•/" : PRINT#15 , "/0 : PARTITION2" :

PRINT#15,"/0:PARTITION2A"

(Places the current directory at PARTITION2A)

PARTITION NOTES

The selected partition becomes the default

working area. All accesses to the disk drive will
only be done in this area. Files outside this area
are invisible to you as if they do not exist.

The first track of a disk partition acts like

track 40 in the root directory. It is your
responsibility to see that no information over writes
this track or corrupts the data on it. The DOS only
protects track 40 of the root directory.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -5- Chapter 1
 Removal of partitioned areas is easy. Simply
SCRATCHING the partition file entry in the
appropriate area will free up the allocated disk
space. Files in the partition will be lost, so be
sure to copy the files that you might need later.

3,581 "SEgRCT"

The 1581 disk drive supports two commands not

listed in the manual supplied with the 1581 they are
the "B-*11 command and the "B-?" command.

The "B-*M command is the dedication message

placed in the DOS by one of it's designers. Sending
this command via the command channel and then reading
that channel generates the message:

"7:.DEDICATED TO MY WIFE LISA,00,00"

Notice the odd error message number. It

represents error number $7A in the DOS.

The •"B-?" command is the author message. It

tells you who designed the 1581 hardware and
software. If you want to see this message send it via
the command channel and then read that channel it
will generate the following message:

1179,SOFTWARE DAVID SIRACUSA. HARDWARE GREG BERLIN"

Hidden messages seem to be a recurring item in

most new Commodore products. The C128D is the first
piece of equipment where I encountered this novelty.
If you want to see the C128/s hidden message simply
type the following in C128 mode:

SYS32800,123,45,6 (Hit RETURN)

The 1571 disk drive also contains a message near

the beginning of it's operating system ROM ($8000).
Currently, I am not aware of a DOS command that will
cause it to be printed via the command/error channel.

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -6- Chapter 1
 Chapter 2 - Disk Format Structure

1581 FORMAT ORGANIZATION

Gross Data Organization:

3.5 inch disk

Double-sided
80 cylinders/160 tracks

Physical Format Organization:

Cylinders 0 thru 79
Sectors 1 thru 10 on side 0
Sectors 1 thru 10 on side 1
Sector size 512 bytes

Logical Format Organization:

Tracks 1 thru 80
Sectors 0 thru 39 (using physical sectors 1
to 10 sides 0 and 1)
Sector size 256 bytes

Storage:

Total unformatted capacity 1 Megabyte

Total formatted capacity 808,960 bytes
Maximum sequential file size 802,640 bytes
Maximum relative file size approx. 800K
Records per file 65535
Files per diskette 296*
Cylinders per diskette 80
Logical sectors per cylinder 40 (0 to 39)
Physical sectors per cylinder 20 (1 to 20)
Free blocks per disk 3160
Logical bytes per sector 256
Physical bytes per sector 512

* More with disk partitioning (each

partition can hold another 296 files)

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -7- Chapter 2
 1581 TRACK AND SECTOR LAYOUT

1581 per track organization:

Hex 4E written as a gap, with 10 sectors of

data, with full gaps written for motor speed
variation.

1581 per sector organization:

MFM encoded contents of each sector:

12 bytes of $00
3 bytes of hex $A1 (data hex $A1, clock
hex $0A)
1 byte of $FE (ID address mark)
1 byte (track number)
1 byte (side number)
1 byte (sector number)
1 byte (sector length, $02 for 512 byte
sectors)
2 bytes CRC (cyclic redundancy check)
22 bytes of hex $4E
12 bytes of $00
3 bytes of hex $A1 (data hex $A1, clock
hex $0A)
1 byte of hex $FB (data address mark)
512 bytes of data
2 bytes CRC
38 bytes of hex $4E

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -8- Chapter 2
 1581 PHYSICAL TO LOGICAL FORMAT CONVERSION

CYLINDERS VS. TRACKS

The 1581's physical cylinders range from 0 to 79

on the disk surface, whereas logical tracks range
from 1 to 80.

To convert from cylinders to tracks use the

following formula:

CYLINDER # + 1 = TRACK #

To convert from tracks to cylinders use the

following formula:

TRACK # - 1 = CYLINDER #

* * *

Sector Conversion

Physical to logical sector conversions are where

we approach the hard part of the conversion process.
We actually have to do a little bit of math.

The 1581's physical sectors occupy sectors 1

thru 10 on sides 0 and 1 of the diskette and contain
512 bytes of information per sector. The equivalent
logical sectors can be computed using the following
formulas:

LOGICAL SECTOR A = (PHYSICAL SECTOR# * 2) - 2 +

(20 * SIDE#)

LOGICAL SECTOR B = (PHYSICAL SECTOR# * 2) - 1 +

(20 * SIDE#)

NOTE: Since a physical sector contains two

logical sectors you must remember to work on each
part of the 512 byte block as two 256 byte blocks.
Logical sector A is equivalent to: START OF 512 BYTE
DATA BLOCK + 0 and logical sector B is equivalent to:
START OF 512 BYTE DATA BLOCK +256.

The 1581's logical sectors occupy sectors 0 thru

39 on sides 0 and 1 of the diskette and contain 256
bytes of information per sector. The equivalent
physical sectors can be computed using the following
formulas:

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -9- Chapter 2
 SIDE 0 - LOGICAL SECTORS 0 TO 19

PHYSICAL SECTOR = (LOGICAL SECTOR EVEN# + 1) / 2

+ .5 + (20 * SIDE#)

PHYSICAL SECTOR = (LOGICAL SECTOR ODD# + 2) / 2

- .5 + (20 * SIDE#)

NOTE: SIDE# = 0 in the two formulas above.

SIDE 1 - LOGICAL SECTORS 20 TO 39

PHYSICAL SECTOR = (LOGICAL SECTOR EVEN# + 2) / 2

- .5 - (10 * SIDE#)

PHYSICAL SECTOR = (LOGICAL SECTOR ODD# + 1) / 2

- (10 * SIDE#)

NOTE: SIDE# = 1 in the two formulas above.

The following chart may also be useful as a

quick reference for physical to logical sector
conversions.

SIDE 0 SIDE 1
PHYSICAL LOGICAL PHYSICAL LOGICAL

1 o, 1 1 20, 21
2 2, 3 2 22, 23
3 4, 5 3 24, 25
4 6, 7 4 26, 27
5 8, 9 5 28, 29
6 10, 11 6 30, 31
7 12, 13 7 32, 33
8 14, 15 8 34, 35
9 16, 17 9 36, 37
10 18, 19 10 38, 39

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -10- Chapter 2
 Directory Track

The 1581's directory track is located on logical

track 40 and is 40 disk sectors in length. The DOS
uses the directory to manage up to 296 files per
diskette.

The directory is composed of 40 disk blocks the

first three have special functions (sectors 0, 1, and
.2) the last 37 are used for file storage information
(8 files per sector, 8 * 37 = 296).

Below are charts showing you the contents of

sectors 0, 1, and 2 which are the directory header,
BAM one, and BAM two respectively.

Directory Header (Track 40. Sector 0)

Byte § Description

0 Track containing next

directory block (normally
40/$28)

1 Sector containing next

directory block
(normally 3/$O3)

2 Disk version number

(normally 68/$44 ASCII "D")

3 Null byte (0/$00)

4-19 Disk Name (16 characters)

20-21 Shifted spaces (160/$A0)

22-23 Disk ID (2 characters)

24 Shifted space (160/$A0)

25 DOS version number (normally

51/$33 ASCII "3")

26 Disk version number

(normally 68/$44 ASCII "D")

27-28 Shifted spaces (160/$A0)

29-255 Null bytes (0/$00)

NOTE: Locations 29 to 255 are not used by the

DOS a variety of things can be stored here. Examples

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -1.1- Chapter 2
are: text data, DOS programs, messages, etc. Use your
imagination. Also, changing byte 3 to anything other
than 68/$44 will "soft-write-protect" a diskette.

* * *

BAM - Block Availability Map

The BAM is located on sectors 1 and 2 on logical

track 40 of a 1581 diskette. The BAM is used to keep
track of blocks on the disk that are either reserved
or available.

BAM 1 - Logical Tracks 1-40 (Track 40, Sector 11

Byte # Description

0 Track containing next BAM

block (normally 40/$28)

1 Sector containing next BAM

block (normally 2/$02)

2 Disk version number (normally

68/$44 ASCII MDM)

3 Compliment version number

(normally 187/$BB)

4-5 Disk ID (2 characters)

6 Input/Output byte

Bit 7 Verify on/off

Bit 6 Check header CRC

on/off (normally 192/$C0)

7 Auto loader flag (normally

0/$00)

8-15 Null Bytes (normally 00/$00)

16-255 BAM image (logical tracks 1

to 40 using 6 bytes per
track)

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -12- Chapter 2
 BAM 2 - Logical Tracks 41-80 (Track 40, Sector 2)

Byte # Description

0 Track containing next

BAM block (normally 0/$00)

1 Sector containing next BAM block

(normally 255/$FF)

2 Disk version number (normally

68/$44 ASCII "D")

3 Compliment version number

(normally 187/$BB)

4-5 Disk ID (2 characters)

6 Input/Output byte

Bit 7 Verify on/off

Bit 6 Check header CRC on/off

(normally 192/$C0)

7 Auto loader flag (normally 0/$00)

8-15 Null Bytes (normally 00/$00)

16-255 BAM image (logical tracks 41 to

80 using 6 bytes per track)

NOTE: Bytes 2 thru 7 are copies of the bytes

appearing in BAM 1 (Track 40, Sector 1).

* * *

BAM Image Interpretation

The bytes containing the BAM image are used as

follows:

Byte # Description

0 Number of free sectors on the

track

1 Each bit marks a sector

(sectors 0 to 7)

2 Each bit marks a sector

(sectors 8 to 15)

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -13- Chapter 2
 Byte I Description

3 Each bit marks a sector

(sectors 16 to 23)

4 Each bit marks a sector

(sectors 24 to 31)

5 Each bit marks a sector

(sectors 32 to 39)

A sector is free if it's representative bit

equals one. If the bit value is zero then the sector
is reserved.

File Information Sectors (Track 40. Sectors 3-391

Byte # Description

0 Track of next directory block

(normally 40/$28)

1 Sector of next directory block

(normally 4/$04 and incrementing
by one on each of the following
directory sectors)

2-31 File entry number 1

34-63 File entry number 2

66-95 File entry number 3

98-127 File entry number 4

130-159 File entry number 5

162-191 File entry number 6

194-223 File entry number 7

226-255 File entry number 8

NOTE: There are two bytes between each file

entry they contain a null value (0/$00). Thirty bytes
are reserved for each file or directory entry (see
next page).

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -14- Chapter 2
 Directory/File Entry Structure

Byte # Description

0 " File types:

0 = Deleted file (DEL)

1 = Sequential file (SEQ)

2 = Program file (PRG)

3 = User file (USR)

4 =" Relative file (REL)

5 = CBM file (CBM)

If the file *ype is OR'ed

with 128/$80 then it is a
properly closed file.

If the file type is OR'ed

with 192/$C0 then it is a
locked file and cannot be
scratched.

1 Track of first data block

2 Sector of first data block

3-18 File name padded with

shifted spaces (160/$A0) 16
characters in length

19 For relative (REL) files

only! Track of the super
side sector block.

20 For relative (REL) files

onlyl Sector of the super
side sector block.

21 For relative (REL) files

only! Record length.

22-25 Null bytes (normally 0/$00)

26 Track number of replacement

file during a SAVE or OPEN
with replace "§••

e Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -15- Chapter 2
 Byte § Description

27 Sector number of replacement

file during a SAVE or OPEN
with replace H@"

28 Number of blocks in the file

(low byte)

29 Number of blocks in the file

(high byte)

* * ♦

Program File Storage

Sector 1

Byte # Description

0 Track of next block in the

program

1 Sector of next block in the

program

2 Program load address (low

byte)

3 Program load address (high

byte)

4-255 Pronram information stored

on iisk

Remaining Full Program Sectors

Bvte i Description

0 Track of next block in the

program

1 Sector of next block in the

program

2-255 Program information stored

on disk

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -16- Chapter 2
 Last Program Sector

Byte # Description

0 Null byte (normally 0/$00)

1 Number of valid data bytes

in this sector

2-xxx Last bytes of program

information

* * *

Sequential/User File Storage

Byte # Description

0 Track of the next sequential

data block

1 Sector of the next

sequential data block

2-255 Data bytes (254)

NOTE: The last sector for the sequential/user

files above is the same as the one for program files.

* * *

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -17- Chapter 2
 Relative File Storage

Relative File Data Blocks

Byte i Description

0 Track of next data block

1 Sector of next data block

2-255 Data bytes. Normally

relative files records are
empty if the first record
byte is 255/$FF. The
remaining bytes are filled
with nulls (0/$00). Records
that are partially filled
are padded with nulls.

Relative File Side Sectors

Byte I Description

0 Track of next side sector

block in the current group

1 Sector of next side sector

block in the current group

2 Side sector number (0 to 5)

3 Record length

4-5 Track and sector of side

sector 0

6-7 Track and sector of side

sector 1

8-9 Track and sector of side

sector 2

10-11 Track and sector of side

sector 3

12-13 Track and sector of side

sector 4

14-15 Track and sector of side

sector 5

16-255 Track and sector pointers to

120 data blocks

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -18- Chapter 2
 Relative File Super Side Sectors

Byte # Description

0 Track of first side sector

group 0

1 Sector of first side sector

group 0

2 Value 254/$FE

3-4 Track and sector of first

side sector in group 0

5-6 Track and sector of first

side sector in group 1

253-254 Track and sector of first

side sector in group 125

NOTE: Each super side sector has pointers to

groups of 126 side sectors. Each side sector group
contains 6 side sectors. Now, each side sector block
points to 120 data blocks, each of which contain 254
data bytes. Thus, the maximum relative file size is
23,042,880 bytes (126 * 6 * 120 * 254 = 23,042,880).

* * *

Deleted File Storage

Deleted files on a diskette are represented by

DEL when you list a disk directory. They can be
manipulated like over files via LOAD and OPEN
commands. However, when loading a DEL file type you
must use the following LOAD command:

LOAD "PRGNAME,DEL,R",8

or

OPEN 8,8,8,"PRGNAME,DEL,R"

NOTE: DEL maybe abbreviated to just "D. "

Experiment with the various commands for loading

and saving data and see what results you get. The
commands above are also useful on program,
sequential, and user files.

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -19- Chapter 2
 Locked File Storage

Locked files are files that cannot be scratched

from the diskette. In order to scratch a locked file
you must first unlock it. When listing a directory, a
locked file will have a less than ("<") symbol
appended after the file type.

The DOS does not currently have a command that

will set the lock bits on the file type. You must
either set the bit by hand using a sector editor or
you can use a variety of public domain programs that
will let you choose a file name to lock.

A program that will lock and unlock files on the

1581 is provided on the companion disk. See Appendix
A for more information on 81FILELOCKOM.OFF program.

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -19A- Chapter 2
 Chapter 3 - Using Burst Commands

Commodore 128 owners will be happy to discover

that the 1581 supports the burst protocol that was
first introduced in the 1571. The protocol provides
fast serial transfers of data and programs between
the disk drive and computer.

The Commodore 128 computer is currently the only

computer that supports the burst protocol. The C128's
enhanced serial communication hardware and 2 Mhz
clock speed make this possible. The C64's hardware
cannot support the burst protocol since it lacks the
C128's enhancements.

Unfortunately, the hardware is not the only

limitation involving the burst protocol. Another is
software support. BASIC cannot properly handle burst
transfers since it is to slow. So in order to
properly access burst transfers a programmer must
turn to machine language.

Fortunately, Commodore has provided machine

language burst routines on the 1581 demo disk that
run on the C128. They provide the ML routines, their
source code and some sample programs. The sample
programs show you how to use their ML burst routines
with BASIC.

The source code files are provided in the CBM

Macro Assembler format. You can use these files in
other assemblers with some changes. However, one
problem you may encounter is that some or all of the
demo disks contain a defective source code file (if
you find a good one let me know). You may need to
make a new source file (using the supplied object
file) with a disassembler.

The list file is intact, but it is not useful as

a file for an assembler. However, it's very useful as
a burst routine reference and it contains the
documentation for the burst routines. I recommend
that you print out a listing of this file and that if
you do you should print it out in 132 columns on your
printer. Note, that if you do not set your printer to
print in 132 column compressed print the listing will
be hard to read.

The following pages contain information on using

the burst routines on the 1581. The burst command
syntax is provided as a reference in a form that I
hope is more understandable then the 1581 manual. No
examples are provided as a tutorial. Instead I

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -20- Chapter 3
suggest that you study the demo programs and source
code for the burst routines that are provided on the
1581 Demo/Utilities disk.

BURST READ

Command format:

PRINT#15/»U0"-fCHR$(A)+CHR$(B)4.CHR$(C)+CHR$(D)
+CHR$(E);

BYTE BIT DESCRIPTION

A 7 LOGICAL FLAG (1 = DO LOGICAL TO

PHYSICAL TRANSLATION)

6 IGNORE ERRORS (1 = IGNORE)

5 NOT USED

4 SIDE SELECT (SIDE 0 OR 1)

3-1 SET TO ZERO

0 DRIVE NUMBER (ALWAYS 0 ON 1581)

B 0-7 DESTINATION TRACK

C 0-7 DESTINATION SECTOR

D 0-7 NUMBER OF SECTORS

E 0-7 NEXT TRACK (OPTIONAL)

PROTOCOL USED: Burst mode handshake.

OUTPUT RESULT: One burst status byte is sent,

followed by the burst data. This occurs for each
sector transferred. Errors prevent data from being
sent unless bit 6 is set to one in byte A.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -21- Chapter 3
 BURST WRITE

Command format:

PRINT#15,"UO"+CHR$(A)+CHR$(B)+CHR$(C)+CHR$(D)
+CHR$(E);

BYTE BIT DESCRIPTION

A 7 LOGICAL FLAG (1 = DO LOGICAL

PHYSICAL TRANSLATION)

6 IGNORE ERRORS (1 = IGNORE)

5 NOT USED

4 SIDE SELECT (SIDE 0 OR 1)

3-2 SET TO ZERO

1 SET TO ONE

0 DRIVE NUMBER (ALWAYS 0 ON 1581)

B 0-7 DESTINATION TRACK

C 0-7 DESTINATION SECTOR

D 0-7 NUMBER OF SECTORS

E 0-7 NEXT TRACK (OPTIONAL)

PROTOCOL USED: Burst data is sent to the drive. The

host must then do the following for fast serial
input. First, pull the clock low and wait for the
burst status byte. Then pull the clock high and
continue output for multiple sector transfers.

INPUT: The host must transfer burst data.

OUTPUT RESULT: One burst status byte follows each

write operation that is performed.

The following hold true for both burst read and

write:

RANGE: All track and sector ranges are determined by

the current disk format and format translation
tables.

CONVENTIONS: Before you can read or write to a

diskette, you must first log the disk in using either
the INQUIRE DISK or QUERY DISK FORMAT COMMANDS. You

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -22- Chapter 3
must do this once every time you change a disk also.

* * *

INQUIRE DISK

Command format:

PRINT#15,"U0"+CHR$(A);

BYTE BIT DESCRIPTION

A 7-5 NOT USED

4 SIDE SELECT (SIDE 0 OR 1)

3 SET TO ZERO

2 SET TO ONE

1 SET TO ZERO

0 DRIVE NUMBER (ALWAYS 0 ON 1581)

PROTOCOL USED: Burst mode handshake.

OUTPUT RESULT: One burst status byte is sent after

each INQUIRE DISK operation is performed.

* * *

FORMAT

Command format:

PRINT#15/"U0"+CHR$(A)+CHR$(B)+CHR$(C)-»-CHR$(D)
+CHR$(E)+CHR$(F)+CHR$(G);

BYTE BIT DESCRIPTION

A 7 FORMAT MODE (1 = ACCEPT BYTES

THREE TO EIGHT FOR CUSTOM
FORMAT. 0 = DO STANDARD 1581
FORMAT MAKE A BAM AND DISK
DIRECTORY. DISK NAME =
"COPYRIGHT CBM" DISK ID = "86")

6-4 NOT USED

3 SET TO ZERO

2-1 SET TO ONE

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -23- Chapter 3
 BYTE BIT DESCRIPTION

0 DRIVE NUMBER (ALWAYS 0 ON 1581)

B 0-7 SECTOR SIZE. THE DEFAULT IS 2 FOR

512 BYTE SECTORS.

1 = 256 BYTE SECTORS

2 = 512 BYTE SECTORS
3 = 1024 BYTE SECTORS

C 0-7 LAST DISK TRACK NUMBER. THE

DEFAULT IS 79.

D 0-7 NUMBER OF SECTORS ON A TRACK.

DEPENDS ON THE VALUE IN BYTE B.
16 SECTORS PER TRACK FOR 256
BYTE SECTORS. 10 SECTORS PER
TRACK FOR 512 BYTE SECTORS. 5
SECTORS PER TRACK FOR 1024 BYTE
SECTORS

E 0-7 STARTING TRACK NUMBER. THE

DEFAULT IS ZERO.

F 0-7 FILLER BYTE. THE DEFAULT IS

$E5/229.

G 0-7 STARTING SECTOR NUMBER. THE

DEFAULT IS ONE.

PROTOCOL USED: Uses conventional DOS protocol via the

command channel (#15).

OUTPUT RESULT: No output of status. The status is

updated within the disk drive.

CONVENTIONS: You must log the disk in using either

the INQUIRE DISK or QUERY DISK FORMAT COMMANDS after
using the FORMAT command.

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -24- Chapter 3
 QUERY DISK FORMAT

Command format:

PRINT#15,"U0ll+CHR$(A)+CHR$(B);

BYTE BIT DESCRIPTION

A 7 FORCE FLAG (1 = STEPS THE HEAD

WITH THE OFFSET SPECIFIED IN
BYTE B.

6 NOT USED

5 SECTOR TABLE (1 = SEND SECTOR

TABLE)

4 SIDE SELECT (SIDE 0 OR 1)

3 SET TO ONE

2 SET TO ZERO

1 SET TO ONE

0 DRIVE NUMBER (ALWAYS 0 ON 1581)

B 0-7 OFFSET VALUE

PROTOCOL USED: Burst mode handshake.

OUTPUT RESULT: Depends on the following:

Status fron track offset of zero: only the burst

status byte is sent (no bytes will follow if an error
occurred).

Status from track offset set by user:

- burst status byte (no other bytes will

follow if an error occurred in compiling
the MFM format information)

- number of sectors on a particular track

- logical track number found in the disk

header

- the logical sector with the lowest value

- the logical sector with the highest value

- sector interleave (always returns a one)

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -25- Chapter 3
 - sector table (sector table is sent when bit
5 in byte A is set

CONVENTIONS: This routine determines the diskette

format on any particular track. It will also log in
non-standard diskette formats.

INQUIRE STATUS

Command format:

PRINT#15/"U0"+CHR$(A)+CHR$(B)+CHR$(C)+CHR$(D);

BYTE BIT DESCRIPTION

A 7 WRITE SWITCH (0 = WRITE)

6 CHANGE DISK/CHECK FOR CHANGED

DISK

IF BIT 7 = 0 AND BIT 6 = 1 THEN

LOG IN DISK.

IF BIT 7 = 1 AND BIT 6 = 1 THEN

RETURN WHETHER OR NOT THE DISK
WAS LOGGED IN (I.E., $0B ERROR
OR PREVIOUS STATUS)

5 CONTROLS THE SETTING OF THE WRITE

AND/OR MASK. BYTE C CONTAINS THE
NEW OR MASK, WHILE BYTE D
CONTAINS THE AND MASK (WHEN BIT
5 = 1)

4 SET TO ZERO

3-2 SET TO ONE

1 SET TO ZERO

0 DRIVE NUMBER (ALWAYS 0 ON 1581)

B 0-7 NEW STATUS WHEN BIT 7 ON BYTE A

IS ONE

C 0-7 NEW ORA MASK WHEN BIT 5 ON BYTE A

IS ONE

D 0-7 NEW AND MASK WHEN BIT 5 ON BYTE A

IS ONE

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -26- Chapter 3
PROTOCOL USED: Uses conventional DOS protocol via the
command channel (#15) when bit 7 on byte A is zero.
If bit 7 on byte A is one then burst mode handshake
is used.

OUTPUT RESULT: No output of status when bit 7 on byte

A is zero. The burst status byte is sent when bit 7
on byte A is one.

CONVENTIONS: This is the method used to read or write

the current status. It may also be used to change the
status mask value.

* * *

DUMP TRACK CACHE BUFFER

Command format:

PRINT#15,"U0"+CHR$(A)+CHR$(B);

BYTE BIT DESCRIPTION

A 7 1 = WRITE TRACK CACHE BUFFER TO

DISK EVEN IF IT'S NOT "DIRTY".

6 SIDE SELECT (SIDE 0 OR 1)

5 NOT USED

4-2 SET TO ONE

1 SET TO ZERO

0 SET TO ONE

B 0-7 PHYSICAL DISK TRACK NUMBER

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -27- Chapter 3
 FASTLOAD UTILITY

Command format:

PRINT#15,"U0"+CHR$(A)+FILENAME$;

BYTE BIT DESCRIPTION

A 7 FILE CONTROL BIT. IF SET TO ONE

FILE DOES NOT NEED TO BE A
PROGRAM FILE. SETTING BIT 7 TO
ONE CAN ALLOW YOU TO FASTLOAD
PRG, SEQ, AND USR FILES.

6-5 NOT USED

4-0 SET TO ONE

The character variable FILENAME$ above contains

the name of the file you wish to fast load. It can be
from one to 16 characters in length.

PROTOCOL USED: Burst mode handshake.

OUTPUT RESULT: The burst status byte is sent after

each sector that is transferred.

The status byte for the FASTLOAD UTILITY is

decoded as follows:

STATUS BYTE VALUE MESSAGE

0 OR 1 OK

3 TO 15 FILE READ ERROR

16 FILE NOT FOUND ERROR

31 EOI

NOTE: A byte is sent following the EOI byte that

represents the number of data bytes to follow.

BURST STATUS BYTE DECODED

The burst status byte contains a lot of

information for such a small item. It contains
information which includes the following: format
mode, sector size and controller error messages.

The status byte can be broken down as follows:

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -28- Chapter 3
 BIT DESCRIPTION

7 DISK FORMAT MODE (1 = ALIEN DISK FORMAT 0 =

RESIDENT/STANDARD DISK FORMAT)

6 DRIVE NUMBER (ALWAYS 0 ON 1581)

5-4 DISK SECTOR SIZE

00 = 128 BYTE SECTORS (WHICH IS NOT

SUPPORTED ON THE 1581)

01 = 256 BYTE SECTORS

10 = 512 BYTE SECTORS (WHICH IS THE

DEFAULT VALUE ON THE 1581)

11 = 1024 BYTE SECTORS

3-0 DISK CONTROLLER STATUS

Disk Controller Status

0000 = OK
0001 = OK
0010 = CANNOT FIND HEADER BLOCK
0011 = NO ADDRESS MARK FOUND
0100 = DATA BLOCK NOT PRESENT
0101 = DATA CRC ERROR
0110 = DISK FORMAT ERROR
0111 = DISK VERIFY ERROR
1000 = DISK WRITE PROTECT ERROR
1001 = HEADER BLOCK CRC ERROR
1010 = DISK IS WRITE PROTECTED
1011 = DISK CHANGE OCCURRED
1100 = DISK FORMAT IS ILLOGICAL
1101 = RESERVED
1110 = SYNTAX ERROR OCCURRED
1111 = NO DISK DRIVE PRESENT

* * *

BURST ROUTINE NOTES

The most important thing to mention about the

burst commands is that most of them must be executed
by machine language programs since BASIC is not quite
up to handling the burst protocols speed.

The burst command must be executed by a machine

language command whenever it specifies the use of the
burst mode handshake. Other commands can be executed
by BASIC programs (i.e. the burst format command).

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -29- Chapter 3
Therefore, you must convert the BASIC command format
in the text above to it's machine language
equivalent.

Using BASIC to show the command format was

chosen because it is the language that most users are
familiar with and the easiest to understand.
Experienced programmers will find it easy to convert
the BASIC statements to their machine language
equivalents.

If you not interested in programming and only

want to use the burst routines in your own programs
then I suggest that you check out the sample burst
routine files on your 1581 Demo/Utilities disk.

Another thing I might mention is that all burst

commands use track and sector parameters that refer
to physical disk locations. The only exceptions to
this rule are the burst READ and WRITE commands.
These commands allow you to chose between logical or
physical disk translation.

The burst protocol handshake is outlined on page

99 of the 1581 User's Guide. Study it and the machine
language source files on the demo disk. They will
help you to understand the handshaking being used on
the fast serial bus. Also, it might not be a bad idea
if you read chapters nine and ten in the 1581 User's
Guide.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -30- Chapter 3
 Chapter 4 - Burst Utility Commands

The following commands are new additions to the

Commodore DOS world. They are all executed via the
command channel (#15) and are listed and explained
below. These commands are explained using my
interpretation of what they do. Unfortunately,
Commodore did not document these commands in the 1581
manual. This was a glaring omission in an otherwise
perfect drive manual.

Serial Bus Mode

The serial bus mode command tells the 1581 to

use fast or slow serial transfers to and from the
computer.

The command takes the form:

PRINT#15,"U0>Bx"

where "x" equals one for fast serial and zero

for slow serial. Apparently this command was added to
turn burst mode on and off when using the C128 with
the 1581. It does not seem to effect C64 usage.

DOS Sector Interleave

This command controls the number of sectors

between each linked block on a disk. The default
value is one on power up. This value makes the drive
very fast when accessing disk data.

Increasing it's value would make the drive run a

little slower since it would have to search a little
further for data from block to block.

The command takes the form:

PRINT#15,"U0>Sx"

where "x" equals a value from 0 to 255. I see no

real reason for having this command and recommend
that you leave the interleave set to one on the 1581.

For comparison the 1541 and 1571 (C128 mode)

have normal sector interleave rates of ten and six
respectively. You may also find that some folks use
the term "skew rate" or just "skew. " These terms of
synonymous with sector interleave.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -31- Chapter 4
 DOS Retries

This command allows you to select the number of

read attempts that the DOS tries on bad sectors. The
default value is two on power up.

The command takes the form:

PRINT#15/"U0>Rx"

where "x" is a value from 0 to 255. A value of

zero tells the drive to not try and read the bad
sector again, but to just except it as a bad one.
When "x" has a value from 1 to 255 the DOS will try
to reread a sector "x" times. Once again I recommend
that you leave this value at it's default of two.

One note of interest about this command is that

in the 1541 the number of retries could be changed to
prevent head banging on 1541 protected diskettes.
That opens the possibilities of using the same trick
on the 1581, but I have not found reason to do that
yet since there are no copy protected 1581 disks out
there.

Also increasing the value will often allow you

to recover data from a damaged sector. But, beware,
over working the drive might wear the drive
mechanism.

ROM Signature Analysis

The 1581 DOS provides a means of extensively

testing the ROMs in the drive, simply issue the
following command:

PRINT#15,"U0>T"

The drive will now test your 1581 's ROM. If a

failure in the ROM is detected the LED's will blink
continuously in a four blink pattern.

Verify Select:

This command is used to turn the 1581's verify

mode on and off. During writing this command will
control whether or not the drive verify's the data
that is written to the diskette.

The command takes the form:

PRINT#15,"U0>Vx"

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -32- Chapter 4
 where "x" equals one for verify off and zero for
verify on.

I recommend the usage of this command when using

the disk drive for important work. It's a fact that
using verify mode certainly cannot hurt anything.
However, it might slow the drive up a little since
verifying data takes a little extra time.

One important thing to remember is DON'T PANIC!

Your 1581 will prove to be a very reliable device
when reading and writing to diskettes. I find however
that repeated writing and reading to a diskette seems
to invite errors more and more often. I suggest that
people using the 1581 on BBSes or as a work drive
always turn verify mode on.

Disk Device Select

Although the 1581 provides easy access to

changing the device number settings (via DIP
switches), it can often easier to change the device
number through software. Commodore made software
device changes possible with the following command:

PRINT#15,"U0>"+CHR$(x)

where "x" represents a device number from four

to thirty. Standard disk drive devices are numbered
eight through eleven.

Any device number changes made with this command

are not permanent or used as the default. If you want
a device number to be the default the best way to
accomplish this is to read the section in your 1581
manual on hardware device setting. This appears on
page 111 of the 1581 User's Guide.

Mystery Command - SIEEE Timing

The 1581 also provides an undocumented utility

command for which I could find only one use. This
command takes the form of:

PRINT#15,"U0>Ix"

where "x" can be any value from zero to 255.

This command controls the disk drive's SIEEE

timing value. The SIEEE timing value is stored at
$9D/157. On reset this value is set to $20/32 by a
routine at $B091. This command may have had something
to do with a now nonexistant IEEE interface for the

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -33- Chapter 4
1581.

Burst Memory Read/Write

Burst memory read and write use the standard

burst protocol with no status byte. They take the
form of:

PRINT#15/"U0>MR"+CHR$(>MEMADDR)+CHR$(# OF PAGES)

OR

PRINT#15/'U0>MW"+CHR$(>MEMADDR)+CHR$(# OF PAGES)

These commands are for C128 users only and files

showing how they work can be found on the 1581
Demo/Utilities disk. As well as files allowing you to
access the 1581's burst protocol features.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -34- Chapter 4
 Chapter 5 - Using Kracker-Mon

Exploring the 1581f a New Frontier

Now you to can be a brave 1581 explorer and

discover new worlds within your 1581 disk drive. A
vast frontier of new DOS routines and functions are
now available for exploration and discovery in the
1581 disk drive. The utility described in this
chapter will be your vehicle to discovery.

Kracker-Mon

Kracker-Mon is an all purpose machine language

monitor (MLM) with many features including but not
limited to:

Kracker-Mon Relocator
Op-Code Editor
Computer MLM
Drive-Mon
DOS Wedge

The program and documentation were provided

courtesy of KRACKER JAX, a division of Software
Support International. Kracker-Mon was written by
Mike Howard. Thanks guys for this wonderful tool!

DOS in the Dumps

For your convenience I have provided a program

in Appendix A that will dump a copy of the 1581's 32K
ROM operation system onto a diskette so that you can
explore the DOS with other tools such as
disassemblers, etc.

Simply key in the program called DOS DUMP, save

it to a blank disk in your 1581 disk drive. Proofread
it before execution and if everything's ok run it.

After running DOS DUMP it will prompt you for

the source drive (where it reads the ROM) and the
destination disk (where it wants to put the DOS
file). This program is not extremely fast so go read
a book or whatever for a few minutes.

The program is compatible with the 1571 also and

will dump a copy of the DOS on a C64 or C128. It does
not use burst routines, since they are not C64
compatible. If you choose to you can use Kracker-Mon
to dump the DOS, but doing 32K of ROM that way is
slow and tedious. Sit back and let the computer do it
using DOS DUMP. Put that computer to work folks!

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -35- Chapter 5
 How do you do that Kracker-Mon?

The following documentation for Kracker-Mon

covers program operation only. If you have purchased
this book with it's companion disk please refer to
Appendix A for information on how to load Kracker-
Mon.

Kracker-Mon is completely relocatable in memory.

The + and - keys will increment and decrement the
monitor address. Hitting the RETURN key while the
"Monitor^XOOO" is highlighted will also increment
the monitor.

Fl - Directory of disk in drive.

F3 - Exit Kracker-Mon, enter BASIC

RESTORE - Restart program to beginning menu

Option 1 - Execute the chosen monitor

Option 2 - Save chosen monitor to a WORK DISK

Option 3 - Edit the opcode file called OPS on

any WORK DISK.

Notes on Option 2

Selecting option 2 saves the following

information onto a WORK DISK:

Autoboot filename - "MONX000"

Opcode listings - "OPS"
Monitor - "XO"

Execute a saved monitor via:

LOAD "MONXOOO"^,!

It will now load and execute itself.

Notes on Option 3

CURSOR U/D - Slow scroll through the list

CURSOR R/L - Fast scroll through the list

RESTORE - Reset to previous menu

SPACE BAR - Allows you to change the mnemonic

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -36- Chapter 5
 A - Steps through the addressing modes
(changes them)

HOME - Returns cursor to beginning ($00

byte)

S - Saves changed opcode file to WORK

DISK

Note: Old opcode file is overwritten so be sure

that you do not overwrite an OPS file that you need
my mistake. Rename the old file or use another WORK
DISK. NEVER save anything to the companion diskette!

Description

Displays status of A, X, and

Y registers stack pointer
and program counter.

G xxxx Executes code starting at

$xxxx

X Returns user to BASIC.

M FFFF LLLL Displays in hex and ASCII

memory between the two
addresses. If the second
address is not specified,
scrolls forever. RUN/STOP
halts.

Send a DOS command. I used

alone returns the drive
status. @$ gives a disk
directory. Space pauses the
directory and stop aborts.

L Load file from disk into

memory.

L "FILENAME",device#,address(optional)

If an address is given the

program loads at that
memory address.

V Verify file in memory with

one on disk. Same format as
load command. "?" stands
for verify error.

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -37- Chapter 5
 V "FILENAME",device*,address(optional)

S Save file in memory to disk.

S "FILENAME",device#,FFFF,LLLL+1

Example: S "FILE",08,C000,D000
saves memory from $C000-$CFFF

F FFFF LLLL XX Fills memory from $FFFF to

$LLLL with $XX byte value.

D FFFF LLLL Disassembles memory. You can

use the cursor U/D keys to
scroll through the
disassembly. If the LLLL
parameter is not spiecified
one page of disassembly is
printed instead of a range
of memory.

Send code to printer.

PD FFFF LLLL sends

disassembly to the
printer.

PM FFFF LLLL sends hex

memory listing to the
printer.

(1525 compatible printers

only!)

A XXXX Assemble mnemonic commands.

Assembles code beginning at
$xxxx (Be sure to use
proper spacing between
characters.)

H FFFF LLLL PP Hunts from $FFFF to $LLLL

for up to an eight byte
pattern (PP). Use single
quotes around ASCII test to
hunt for ASCII text. ASCII
and HEX may be mixed.

Examples:

H E000 FFFF 'COMMODORE'

H E000 FFFF 43 4F 4D 4D

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -38- Chapter 5
 u
H EOOO FFFF 43 4F 'MM' ^

T Transfers memory from $FFFF L>

to $LLLL to $xxxx.

Examples: \^j

T FFFF LLLL XXXX ^

T EOOO FFFF 1000

TC Same syntax as T command. ^j

Will transfer computer
memory to drive. ^

TD Same syntax as T command.

Will transfer drive memory ^
to the computer. ^j

TF Same syntax as T command. <J

Fast command version of TC. <,
Warning! $xxxx cannot be
between $0001 and $0147. U
MOT 1581 COMPATIBLE! ^

0 This is the letter O, not L>

zero. O followed by an 8, ( ,
9, A, or B (device number) s-^
will out you in the Drive-
Mon mode for the specified
drive. The above commands
are the same for the Drive-
Mon except the P feature is
disabled.

For printer listings of

drive memory, send the code
to the computer, then the
printer. O and RETURN sends
you back to the computer
memory. A "]" lets you know
your in drive memory, while
a "." denotes computer
memory.

To assemble/disassemble beneath the ROMs and the

VIC CHIP, change location $0002 as if it were $0001.
$0001 cannot be changed through the monitor.

$0002: $37 All ROMs in

$36 Bank out BASIC ($A000-$BFFF)

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -39- Chapter 5
 $35 Bank out KERNAL and BASIC
($AOOO-$BFFF and $E000-
$FFFF)

$30 Bank in RAM under $D000

$31 Bank in character ROM under

$D000

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -40- Chapter 5
 Chapter 6 - System Overview and RAM Memory Maps

1581 System Overview

$OOOO-$1FFF 8K of RAM memory

$OOOO-$OOFF Zero page variables

$O1OO-$O1FF Vectors, variables, and

stack area

$0200-$0BFF DOS data buffers

$OCOO-$1FFF Track cache buffer

$4000-$400F Serial bus I/O

controller 8520A 2 Mhz
CIA chip

$6000-$6003 MFM Floppy disk

controller WD177x
series chip

$8000-$FFFF 32K of DOS in ROM containing

1581 controller routines

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -41- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$0000-$0001 RAMTST POINTER USED BY RAM AND ROM

TESTS

$0002-$000A JOBS JOB QUEUE FOR JOBS 0 TO 8

JOBO $0002 BUFFER 0 AT $0300

JOB1 $0003 BUFFER 1 AT $0400

JOB2 $0004 BUFFER 2 AT $0500

JOB 3 $0005 BUFFER 3 AT $0600

JOB4 $0006 BUFFER 4 AT $0700

JOB5 $0007 BUFFER 5 AT $0800

JOB6 $0008 BUFFER 6 AT $0900

JOB7 $0009 BUFFER 7 AT $0A00

(BAM 0)

JOB8 $000A BUFFER 8 AT $0B00

(BAM 1)

$000B-$001C HORS TRACK AND SECTORS FOR JOBS

LISTED ABOVE

TSJO $000B, $000C TRACK AND

SECTOR JOB 0

TSJ1 $000D, $000E TRACK AND

SECTOR JOB 1

TSJ2 $000F, $0010 TRACK AND

SECTOR JOB 2

TSJ3 $0011, $0012 TRACK AND

SECTOR JOB 3

TSJ4 $0013, $0014 TRACK AND

SECTOR JOB 4

TSJ5 $0015, $0016 TRACK AND

SECTOR JOB 5

TSJ6 $0017, $0018 TRACK AND

SECTOR JOB 6

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -42- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

TSJ7 $0019, $001A TRACK AND

SECTOR JOB 7

TSJ8 $001B, $001C TRACK AND

SECTOR JOB 8

$001D-$001E DSKID MASTER COPY OF DISK ID

$001F- HEADER PHYSICAL TRACK NUMBER

$0021- PHYSICAL SECTOR NUMBER

$0022- PHYSICAL SECTOR LENGTH (2 =

512 BYTES FOR THE 1581)

0 = 128 BYTES IN THE

SECTOR

1 = 256 BYTES IN THE

SECTOR

2 = 512 BYTES IN THE

SECTOR (NORMAL)

3 = 1024 BYTES IN THE

SECTOR

$0025- WPSW WRITE PROTECT CHANGE FLAG

$0026- DRVST LCC VARIABLE

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
I I i i

I -> TIMEOUT
I > RUNNING
> STEPPING
> ACCELERATING

$00 NO DRIVE ACTIVE

$20 DRIVE IS RUNNING

$30 RUNNING AND TIMEOUT

$50 STEPPING / RUNNING

$80 ACCELERATING

$0027- DRVTRK CURRENT PHYSICAL TRACK BEING

ACCESSED

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -43- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$0028- CMD TEMP COMMAND JOB

$0029- CMDSIZ COMMAND STRING SIZE

$002A-$002B ACLTIM ACCELERATION TIME DELAY

$002C- SAVSP SAVE STACK POINTER

$002D- AUTOFG AUTO INITIALIZE FLAG

$002E- SECINC SECTOR INTERLEAVE FOR SEQ

(SET ON RESET $01)

$002F- FREBLK FREE BLOCKS COUNTER

$0030- REVCNT ERROR RECOVERY COUNT (SET ON

RESET TO $02)

$0031-$0032 BMPNT BIT MAP POINTER (SET ON

RESET TO $0000)

$0033-$0034 USRJMP USER JUMP TABLE POINTER (SET

ON POWER UP OR RESET TO
$FFEA)

$0035- WBAM BAM STATUS FLAG (0 = CLEAN)

$0036-$0037 CTMP TEMPORARY WORK AREA

$0038-$003E TMP TEMPORARY WORK AREA

$003F- TMPJBN TEMPORARY JOB NUMBER

$0040- TO

$0041- Tl

$0042- T2 TEMPORARY WORK AREA ($0040-

$0044)

$0043- T3

$0044- T4

$0046-$004B IP INDIRECT POINTER VARIABLE

(SET TO $0100 ON POWERUP OR
RESET)

$004C- PRGTRK LAST PROGRAM ACCESSED

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -44- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$0O4D- TRACK CURRENT TRACK

$004E- SECTOR CURRENT SECTOR

$004F- TOS TOP OF STACK

$0050- LINDX LOGICAL INDEX

$0051- EOIFLG TEMP EOI

$0052- SA SECONDARY ADDRESS

$0053- ORGSA ORIGIANL SA

$0054- DATA TEMPORY DATA BYTE

$0055- RO

$0056- Rl

$0057- R2 TEMPORARY RESULTS ($0055-

$0059)

$0058- R3

$0059- R4

$005A-$005E RESULT RESULT AREA

$0060-$0064 ACCUM ACCUMULATOR

$0065-$0066 DIRBUF DIRECTORY BUFFER $05/$02

$0067- F1PTR FILE STREAM 1 POINTER

$0068- RECPTR POINTER TO START OF RECORD

$0069- SSNUM NUMBER OF SIDE SECTOR

$006A- SSIND INDEX TO SIDE SECTOR

$006B- RELPTR RELATIVE FILE POINTER TO

TRACK

$006C- JOBNUM CURRENT JOB NUMBER

$006D- BUFUSE BUFFER ALLOCATION

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -45- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$006E- LSTDRV LAST DRIVE WITHOUT ERROR.

USED AS THE DEFAULT DRIVE
NUMBER. ALSO USED AS THE NO
DRIVE FLAG.

$006F- CDOSVER COPY OF DOS VERSION "D" FOR

COMPARISON

$0070- LINUSE LINDX USE WORD

$0071- DIRSEC DIRECTORY SECTOR

$0072- DELSEC SECTOR OF FIRST AVAILABLE

ENTRY

$0073- DELIND INDEX OF FIRST AVAILABLE

ENTRY

$0074- LBUSED LAST BUFFER USED

$0075- NUMSEC WORK AREA FOR FINDING BEST

SECTOR TO DO/LOGICAL NUMBER
OF SECTORS

$0076- FSFLAG FAST SERIAL FLAG

7 6 5 4 3 2 10
I I i I ill.
ATN PENDING
ATN MODE
i i i !.::: CLKIN STATUS
-> FAST LOCK(SERIAL)
-> SLOW FLAG
-> FAST FLAG(SERIAL)
-> LISTEN
-> TALK FLAG

$0077- LSNADR LISTENER ADDRESS ($28 ON

RESET IF 1581 IS SET VIA
DIP SWITCH TO DEVICE 8)

$0078- TLKADR TALKER ADDRESS ($48 ON RESET

IF 1581 IS SET VIA DIP
SWITCH TO DEVICE 8)

$0079- LEDPRINT LED VARIABLE

7 6 5 4 3 2 10
I I _;
> BLINK RED LED
> ACTIVATE LED

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -46- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$007A- TEMPSA TEMPORARY SECONDARY ADDRESS

$007B- CMDWAT COMMAND WAITING FLAG

$007C- UOCMDNO "UO" COMMAND NUMBER

$007D- CTRLST CONTROLLER STATUS

$007E-$007F BUFPNT BUFFER POINTER

$0080- DKMODE BURST STATUS

$0081- JOBRTN JOB RETURN FLAG

$0082- YREG CPU Y REGISTER STORAGE

$0083- NEXTJOB CONTROLLER NEXT JOB

$0084- CINDEX CONTROLLER JOB INDEX

$0085-$0086 INFO CONTROLLER JOB INFORMATION

$0087- TCDIRTY TRACK CACHE DIRTY FLAG

$0088- CMDTRK CONTROLLER DESTINATION TRACK

$0089- DKANDMASK BURST STATUS MASK (AND)

$008A- DKORAMASK BURST STATUS MASK (ORA)

$008B-$008C CACHE POINTER TO BUFFER CACHE

($0C00)

$008D- IOBYTE VERIFY / CRC / REL FILE FLAG

7654 3210
j j j > rel FILE
j --> CRC CHECK
j > VERIFY CHECK

(NOTE: THIS IS BYTE $06/6 IN THE

BAM)

$008E- PSTARTRK PHYSICAL STARTING TRACK

$008F- PMAXTRK PHYSICAL ENDING TRACK

$0090- STARTRK LOGICAL STARTING TRACK

$0091- PSECTRSIZ PHYSICAL SECTOR SIZE

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -47- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$0092- PNUMSEC PHYSICAL NUMBER OF

SECTORS/SIDE

$0093- PENDSEC PHYSICAL ENDING SECTOR

$0094- PSTARTSEC PHYSICAL STARTING SECTOR

$0095- CACHETRK CURRENT PHYSICAL TRACK CACHE

$0096- TCACHESID TRANSLATED CURRENT TRACK

CACHE SIDE

$0097- CACHESIDE CURRENT TRACK CACHE SIDE

$0098- SETVAL SETTLING TIME VALUE

$0099- HDRJOB SHIFTED NEXT JOB / HEADER

POINTER

$009A- GAP3 FORMAT GAP

$009B- FILLBYTE FORMAT FILL BYTE

$009C- SIEEETIM SIEEE TIMING COUNTER

$009D- SIEEESET SIEEE TIMING VALUE

$009E- BLINK ERROR BLINKING COUNTER

$009F-$00A7 CACHEOFF OFFSET INTO THE TRACK CACHE

BUFFER (1 BYTE PER JOB)

$00A8-$00BA LINTAB SA:LINDX TABLE

THIS TABLE INDICATES THE
CURRENT STATUS OF EACH DATA
CHANNEL (SECONDARY ADDRESS)

EACH POSITION REPRESENTS

ONE CHANNEL:

CHANNEL 0 = $00A8

CHANNEL 1 = $00A9

ETC.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -48- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

POSSIBLE CHANNEL STATUS

VALUES ARE:

$FF - INACTIVE
$81 - OPEN FOR WRITE
$41 - READ/WRITE
$01 - OPEN FOR READ

$00BB-$00D0 BUFTAB BUFFER BYTE POINTERS

THESE POINTERS FOR EACH

BUFFER ARE USED TO POINT AT
THE NEXT BYTE IN THE BUFFER
TO BE USED. THE "B-P"
COMMAND SETS THESE
POINTERS.

$00BB-$00BC BUFFER #0($0300)

$00BD-$00BE BUFFER #l($0400)

$00BF-$00C0 BUFFER #2($0500)

$00Cl-$00C2 BUFFER #3($0600)

$00C3-$00C4 BUFFER #4($0700)

$00C5-$00C6 BUFFER #5($0800)

$00C7-$00C8 BUFFER #6($0900)

$00C9-$00CA BUFFER #7($0A00)

BAM 0

$00CB-$00CC BUFFER #8($0B00)

BAM 1

$00CD-$00CE CMD BUFFER

($0200)

$00CF-$00D0 ERR BUFFER

($02D0)

$00Dl-$00D7 BUFO TABLE OF CHANNEL NUMBERS

ASSIGNED TO EACH OF THE
BUFFERS. $FF = INACTIVE
BUFFER

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -49- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$00D8-$00DE BUF1 TABLE OF CHANNEL NUMBERS

ASSIGNED TO EACH OF THE
BUFFERS. $FF = INACTIVE
BUFFER

$00DF-$00E3 LRUTBL LEAST RECENTLY USED TABLE

$00E4- RELPTR RELATIVE FILE POINTER TO

TRACK

$00E5-$00E9 ENTSEC SECTOR OF DIRECTORY ENTRIES

$OOEA-$OOEE ENTIND INDEX OF DIRECTORY ENTRIES

$OOEF-$OOF3 FILDRV DEFAULT FLAG, DRIVE NUMBER

(ALL 0 ON 1581)

$00F4-$00F8 PATTYP PATTERN, REPLACE, CLOSED

FLAGS, TYPE

$00F9-$00FE FILTYP CHANNEL FILE TYPE

$0100- STACK START OF DRIVE STACK AREA

$0101- RELVAR VARIABLE FOR RELATIVE FILES

($0100-$0110)

$0102- MARKSIDE MARK SIDE SECTOR AS

$0104- BRKJMP JUMP TO CONTROLLER ROUTINE

VIA "BRK"

$0109- SIDTRK SIDE SECTOR TRACK

INFORMATION

$0110- SIDSEC SIDE SECTOR SECTOR

INFORMATION

$0190-$01BB SVECTS JUMP TABLE OF MAJOR DOS

ROUTINES EXECUTE VIA JSR
($XXXX)

$0190-$0191 VIDLE INDIRECT FOR IDLE

$0192-$0193 VIRQ INDIRECT FOR IRQ

$0194-$0195 VNMI INDIRECT FOR NMI

$0196-$0197 WERDIR VALIDATE COMMAND

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -50- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$0198-$0199 VINTDRV INITIALIZE COMMAND

$019A-$019B VPART PARTITION COMMAND

$019C-$019D VMEM MEMORY READ/WRITE COMMANDS

$019E-$019F VBLOCK BLOCK COMMANDS

$01A0-$01Al VUSER USER COMMANDS

$01A2-$01A3 VRECORD RECORD COMMAND FOR REL FILES

$01A4-$01A5 VUTLODR UTILITY LOADER COMMAND

$01A6-$01A7 VDSKCPY COPY COMMAND

$01A8-$01A9 VRENAME RENAME COMMAND

$01AA-$01AB VSCRTCH SCRATCH COMMAND

$01AC-$01AD VNEW NEW COMMAND (FORMAT DISK)

$01AE-$01AF VERROR CONTROLLER ERROR HANDLER

$O1BO-$O1B1 VATNSRV ATN SERVER FOR SERIAL BUS

$01B2-$01B3 VTALK TALK ROUTINE FOR SERIAL BUS

$01B4-$01B5 VLISTEN LISTEN ROUTINE FOR SERIAL

BUS

$01B6-$01B7 VLCC DISK CONTROLLER ROUTINE

$01B8-$01B9 VTRANS_TS TRANSLATES LOGICAL SECTORS

TO PHYSICAL SECTORS

$01BA-$01BB VCMDERR DOS ERROR HANDLER

$01BC-$01CD HDRS2 CONTAINS THE TRANSLATED

PHYSICAL TRACK AND SECTOR
FOR EACH OF THE JOBS IN THE
JOB QUEUE (JOBS 0 TO 8, 2
BYTES FOR EACH JOB)

$01CE-$01D6 SIDS CONTAINS THE PHYSICAL SIDE

FOR EACH OF THE JOBS IN THE
JOB QUEUE (JOBS 0 TO 8, 1
BYTE FOR EACH JOB)

° Copyright 1988 O. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -51- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$01D7- CTLTIMH CONTROLLER TIMER VARIABLE

HIGH

$01D8- CTLTIML CONTROLLER TIMER VARIABLE

LOW

$01D9- MOTORACC ACCELERATION STARTUP

$01DA-$01E4 WDCMDS WD177X CONTROLLER COMMANDS

(SEE CHAPTER 7)

$01DA- WDRESTORE $08

$01DB- WDSEEK $18

$01DC- WDSTEP $28

$01DD- WDSTEPIN $48

$01DE- WDSTEPOUT $68

$01DF- WDREADSECTOR $88

$01E0- WDWRITESECTOR $AA

$O1E1- WDREADADDRESS $C8

$01E2- WDREADTRACK $E8

$01E3- WDWRITETRACK $FA

$01E4- WDFORCEIRQ $D0

$01E5- DIRST STARTING DIRECTORY SECTOR

$01E6-$01E9 SAVECTS SAVE AREA FOR VECTORS

$01EA- BURSTST BURST CONTROLLER STATUS

$01EB- VERNUM DOS VERSION NUMBER

$01EC- DOSTYP DOS TYPE

$01ED- PARTHI HIGH PARTITION COUNT

$O1EE- PARTLO LOW PARTITION COUNT

$01EF- NINSEK BURST MINIMUM SECTOR NUMBER

$01F0- MAXSEK BURST MAXIMUM SECTOR NUMBER

° copyright 1988 D, W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -52- Chapter 6
LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$01Fl-$01F9 BUFIND BUFFER INDIRECTS

$01FA- WPSTAT WRITE PROTECT STATUS

$00 - NOT PROTECTED

$08 - PROTECTED

$01FB- DEJAVU AUTOBOOT FLAGS

7 6 5 4 3 2 10
I I

BOOT ON INITDRV
BOOT ON RESET

$01FC-$01FE FLOAD EXECUTE BURST FAST LOAD VIA

JSR $01FC OR JMP $01FC
CONTAINS: JMP $BA40

$0200-$0229 CMDBUF COMMAND BUFFER

$022A- CMDNUM COMMAND NUMBER

$022B- DIRTRK SYSTEM TRACK ($28)

$022C- MAXTRK MAXIMUM TRACK + 1 ($51)

$022D- TYPE ACTIVE FILE TYPE

$022E- F1CNT FILE STREAM 1 COUNT

$022F- F2CNT FILE STREAM 2 COUNT

$0230- F2PTR FILE STREAM 2 POINTER

$0231- FILCNT COUNTER, FILE ENTRIES

$0232- INDEX CURRENT INDEX IN BUFFER

$0233- TYPFLG MATCH BY TYPE FLAG

$0234-$023A CHNRDY CHANNEL STATUS

$023B-$0241 CHNDAT CHANNEL DATA BYTE

$0242-$0248 LSTCHR CHANNEL LAST CHARACTER

POINTER

$0249-$024F RECL TABLE OF LOW BYTES OF RECORD

NUMBERS FOR EACH BUFFER

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -53- Chapter 6
LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$0250-$0256 RECH TABLE OF HIGH BYTES OF

RECORD NUMBERS FOR EACH
BUFFER

$0257-$025D NR TABLE OF NEXT RECORD NUMBER

FOR BUFFERS

$025E-$0264 RS TABLE OF RECORD SIZE FOR

EACH BUFFER

$0265-$026B SS TABLE OF SIDE SECTORS FOR

EACH BUFFER

$026C- STRSIZ LENGTH OF THE STRING

$026D- ENTFND DIRECTORY ENTRY FOUND FLAG

$026E- DIRLST DIRECTORY LISTING FLAG

$026F- REC RECORD SIZE USED BY

DIRECTORY ROUTINES

$0270- TRKSS SIDE SECTOR TRACK USED BY

DIRECTORY ROUTINES

$0271- SECSS SIDE SECTOR SECTOR USED BY

DIRECTORY ROUTINES

$0272-$027C LSTJOB LAST JOB BY BUFFER

$027D-$0283 DSEC SECTOR OF DIRECTORY ENTRY BY

BUFFER

$0284-$028A DIND INDEX OF DIRECTORY ENTRY BY

BUFFER
$028B- PRGSEC LAST PROGRAM SECTOR

$028C- WLINDX WRITE LINDX

$028D-$028E NBTEMP NUMBER OF BLOCKS TEMPORARY

$028F- CHAR CHARACTER UNDER THE PARSER

$0290- LIMIT PTR LIMIT IN COMPARISON

$0291-$0296 FILTBL TABLE OF FILENAME POINTERS

$0297-$029B FILTRK FIRST FILE LINK (TRACK)

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -54- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$029C-$02A0 FILSEC FIRST FILE LINK (SECTOR)

$O2A1- PATFLG PATTERN PRESENT FLAG

$02A2- IMAGE FILE STREAM IMAGE

$02A3- DRVCNT NUMBER OF DRIVE SEARCHES

$02A4- DRVFLG DRIVE SEARCH FLAG

$02A5- FOUND FOUND FLAG IN DIRECTORY

SEARCHES

$02A6- LSTBUF EQUALS 0 IF LAST BLOCK

$02A7- MODE ACTIVE FILE MODE (R, W)

$02A8- JOBRTN JOB RETURN FLAG

7 6 5 4 3 2 10

-> SKIP TRK & SEC CHECK

~> RETURN ON ERROR

$02A9- NDBL NUMBER OF DISK BLOCKS FREE

LOW

$02AA- NDBH NUMBER OF DISK BLOCKS FREE

HIGH

$02AB- ERWORD ERROR WORD ON RECOVERY

$02AC-$02CF NAMBUF DIRECTORY BUFFER

$02D0-$02F4 ERRBUF ERROR MESSAGE BUFFER

$O3OO-$O3FF BUFFO DATA BUFFER #0

$0400-$04FF BUFFI DATA BUFFER #1

$0500-$05FF BUFF2 DATA BUFFER #2

$0600-$06FF BUFF 3 DATA BUFFER #3

$0700-$07FF BUFF4 DATA BUFFER #4

$0800-$08FF BUFF5 DATA BUFFER #5

$0900-$09FF BUFF6 DATA BUFFER #6

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -55- Chapter 6
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$OAOO-$OAFF BAM1 BAM FOR TRACKS 1 TO 40

$OBOO-$OBFF BAM2 BAM FOR TRACKS 41 TO 80

$OCOO-$1FFF BUFCACHE TRACK CACHE BUFFER (20

PAGES)

•• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -56- Chapter 6
 Chapter 7 - DOS Controller Chips Memorv Mao

Serial I/O 8520A fS4000-$400F)

LOCATION BIT DESCRIPTION

$4000 0-7 DATA PORT A (FLOPPY

DISK CONTROLLER I/O)

DSKCH 7 DISK FLAG (1 = PRESENT)

ACTLED 6 GREEN LED (1 = ON)

ERRLED 5 RED LED (1 = BRIGHT)

DEVSW1 4 DEVICE SWITCH 1 (LEFT)

DEVSW2 3 DEVICE SWITCH 2 (RIGHT)

MOTOR 2 0 = MOTOR ON/1 = MOTOR

OFF

DRVRDY 1 DRIVE READY (1 = DRV

READY)

SIDE 0 0 = SIDE 0/1 = SIDE 1

* * *

$4001 0-7 DATA PORT B (SERIAL

DATA I/O)

ATNIN 7 ATTENTION IN LINE

WRTPRO 6 WRITE PROTECT (1 =

WRITE ENABLE/0 = WRITE
PROTECTED)

BUSDIR 5 1581 BUS DATA DIRECTION

(0 = INPUT/1 = OUTPUT)

ATNACK 4 ATTENTI ON ACKNOWLEDGE

LINE

CLKOUT 3 CLOCK OUT LINE

CLKIN 2 CLOCK IN LINE

DATOUT 1 DATA OUT LINE

DATAIN 0 DATA IN LINE

$4002 DDA 0-7 DATA DIRECTION PORT A

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -57- Chapter 7
 LOCATION BIT DESCRIPTION

$4003 DDB 0-7 DATA DIRECTION PORT B

$4004 TAL 0-7 TIMER A LOW/BAUD RATE

LOW

$4005 TAH 0-7 TIMER A HIGH/BAUD RATE

HIGH

$4006 TBL 0-7 TIMER B LOW/CTRLER IRQ

$4007 TBH 0-7 TIMER B HIGH/CTRLER IRQ

$4008 SEC 0-7 USED FOR DISK CHANGE

DETECTOR

$400C SDR 0-7 SERIAL DATA REGISTER

$400D ICR 0-7 INTERRUPT CONTROL

REGISTER

$400E CRA 0-7 CONTROL REGISTER A

$400F CRB 0-7 CONTROL REGISTER B

♦ * *

WD177X Floppy Disk Controller

LOCATION READ FUNCTION WRITE FUNCTION

$6000 STATUS COMMAND

$6001 TRACK TRACK

$6002 SECTOR SECTOR

$6003 DATA DATA

* * *

ND177X Command Summarv

COMMAND VALUE
TYPE DESCRIPTION BIT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

I RESTORE 0 0 0 0 H V X Y

I SEEK 0 0 0 1 H V X Y

I STEP 0 0 1 U H V X Y

• copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -58- Chapter 7
 COMMAND VALUE
TYPE DESCRIPTION BIT 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

I STEP IN 0 1 0 U H V X Y

I STEP OUT 0 1 1 U H V X Y

II READ SECTOR 1 0 0 M H E 0 0

II WRITE SECTOR 1 0 1 M HEP A

III READ ADDRESS 110 0 H E 0 0

III READ TRACK 1110 H E 0 0

III WRITE TRACK 1111 HEP 0

IV FORCE INTERRUPT 110 1 I J K L

BIT KEY

H: 0 = TURN MOTOR ON, 1 = TURN MOTOR OFF

V: 0 = VERIFY OFF, 1 = VERIFY ON DESTINATION

TRACK

X: STEPPING RATE LOW BIT

Y: STEPPING RATE HIGH BIT

_£_ RATE

WD1772 STEP RATES ARE: 0 0 2 MS

0 1 3 MS

1 0 6 MS

1 1 12 MS

U: SET UP THE TRACK REGISTER TO TRACK FROM

CURRENT HEADER (0 = NO, 1 = YES)

M: 0 = READ ONE SECTOR ONLY, 1 = READ MULTIPLE

SECTORS

A: 0 = WRITE NORMAL DATA MARK, 1 = WRITE DELETED

SECTOR MARK (NORMAL MEANS A VALID SECTOR,
OTHERWISE IT'S ERASED)

E: 0 = NO HEAD SETTLING TIME, 1 = 30 MS DELAY TO

SETTLE

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -59- Chapter 7
 P: 0 = ENABLE WRITE PRECOMPENSATION, 1 = DISABLE
WRITE PRECOMPENSATION

I thru L are the WD177X controller interrupt

condition.

I: DON'T CARE

J: DON'T CARE

K: INTERRUPT OCCURS WHEN INDEX HOLE IS

ENCOUNTERED

L: IMMEDIATE INTERRUPT REGARDLESS OF CONDITION

When I thru L are all zero then the current

command is terminated without an interrupt.

* * *

WD177X Status Byte

BIT DESCRIPTION

0 BUSY FLAG

I = COMMAND IS UNDER EXECUTION

0 = NO COMMAND IS EXECUTING

1 DATA REQUEST/INDEX

1 = DATA IS READY IN THE DATA

REGISTER AT $6003. WHEN READING THIS
MEANS THAT THE DATA REGISTER IS
FULL, WHEN WRITING THIS MEANS
THAT THE DATA REGISTER IS EMPTY.

0 = ALWAYS RESET TO ZERO WHEN UPDATED

2 LOST DATA/TRACK 00

TYPE 1 COMMANDS: INDICATES THAT THE

HEAD IS ON TRACK 0, BIT 2=1

OTHER COMMANDS: INDICATES THAT THE

DATA IN THE REGISTER AT $6003 WAS
NOT READ OR WRITTEN IN TIME BY THE
PROGRAM

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -60*- Chapter 7
 CRC ERROR

CHECKSUM BYTES OF THE HEADER OR DATA

BLOCK DECODED IN ERROR (BAD HEADER
OR DATA)

RECORD NOT FOUND

SET TO ONE MEANS THAT THE DESIRED

TRACK, SECTOR, OR SIDE WERE NOT
FOUND

RECORD TYPE/SPIN-UP

TYPE 1 COMMANDS: INDICATED THAT THE

MOTOR SPIN-UP SEQUENCE WAS COMPLETED

TYPE 2 AND 3 COMMANDS: THIS BIT

INDICATES THE RECORD TYPE (0 = DATA
MARK, 1 = DELETED DATA MARK)

WRITE PROTECT

WHEN SET TO ONE THIS MEANS THAT WRITE

PROTECT IS ON (WRITE OPERATIONS
ONLY) AND DISK YOU CANNOT WRITE TO
THE CURRENT DISKETTE

MOTOR ON

STATUS OF THE DRIVE MOTOR (0 = MOTOR

OFF, 1 = MOTOR ON)

* * *

RE3TORE (SEEK TRACK 0)

Positions the read/write head to track zero.

SETUP: None.

RESULTS: Sets seek error status bit (if the V flag

is set).

e Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -61- Chapter 7
 SEEK

Finds a specified track by stepping the head to

the track being sought.

SETUP: Track register must contain the current

track position of the R/W head and the data
register contains the destination track
position.

RESULT: Moves the read/write head in the appropriate

direction until both registers are equal
(desired track location reached) and an
interrupt is generated.

STEP

Steps the read/write head in the same direction

as the last step operation.

SETUP: None.

RESULT: If the U flag is on, the track register is

updated. Upon completion of the command an
interrupt is generated.

STEP-IN

Steps the read/write head in the direction

towards track 79.

SETUP: None.

RESULT: If the U flag is on, the track register

is incremented. Upon completion of the
command an interrupt is generated.

STEP-OUT

Steps the read/write head in the direction

towards track zero.

SETUP: None.

RESULT: If the U flag is on, the track register

is decremented. Upon completion of the
command an interrupt is generated..

* * *

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -62- Chapter 7
 Type II Commands

SECTOR

Reads a disk sector or sectors.

SETUP: Place the desired track and sector number in

the track and sector registers.

RESULT: The disk drive attempts to read the

selected sector or sectors from the disk. If
the requested sector does not exist then the
record not found status bit is set. Reading
multiple sectors will be completed when
the disk reaches the end of the current
track or until the force interrupt command
is loaded into the command register.

WRITE SECTOR

Write a disk sector or sectors.

SETUP: Place the desired track and sector number in

the track and sector registers.

RESULT: The disk drive attempts to write the selected

sector or sectors to the disk. If data is
not ready or available then the load data
status bit is set.

Type III

READ ADDRESS

Reads the next id field that is encountered and

transfers the data to the data register. The id
field consists of: track number, side number,
sector number, sector length, crc one and crc
two. Sector sizes are coded as follows:

0 = 128 bytes
1 = 256 bytes
2 = 512 bytes
3 = 1024 bytes

SETUP: None.

RESULTS: At the end of the commands operation an

interrupt is generated and the busy status
bit is reset.

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -63- Chapter 7
 READ TRACK

Reads a track from the leading edge of the first

index pulse and continues until the next index
pulse. This command sends all gap, header and
data bytes to the data register. The
accumulation of bytes is synchronized to each
address mark found.

According to the WD177X specifications this

command can be useful for diagnostic purposes.
Since, no CRC checking is done, gap information is
included in the data, and the address mark detector
is on while the command executes. The specs also
mention that write splices or noise may cause the
WD177X to look for an address mark.

NOTE: The ID address mark, ID field, ID CRC bytes,

data address mark, data and data CRC bytes for
each sector will be correct. Gap bytes may be
read incorrectly during write splice time
because of synchronization.

SETUP: Position the read/write head over the

desired track (the one to read). Then
issue the read track command.

RESULTS: An interrupt is generated upon command

completion.

WRITE TRACK

Format diskettes on a per track basis.

SETUP: Position the read/write head over the

desired track (the one to format). Then
issue the write track command.

RESULTS: Writing starts at the leading edge of

the first index pulse encountered and
continues until the next index pulse. An
interrupt is then generated. If data is not
loaded into the data register in time the
WD177X may set the lost data status bit and
then generate an interrupt.

Sometimes the WD177X will use zeros as a

substitute is data is not present in the
data register. Disks may be formatted in
IBM 3740 or System 34 formats with sector
lengths of 128, 256, 512, and 1024 bytes.

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -64- Chapter 7
 The following chart lists special bytes
used by the formatting process.

BYTE IN DATA REGISTER MFM pjpf HlNv

00 to F4 Write 0 to F4 in MFM

F5 Write Al* in MFM and

present CRC

F6 Write C2* in MFM

F7 Generate two CRC bytes

F8 to FB Write F8 to FB in MFM

FC Write FC in MFM

FD Write FD in MFM

FE Write FE in MFM

FF Write FF in MFM

* * *

Type

FORCE INTERRUPT

Used to stop the current command being executed

by the WD177X (read and write commands) and it
can be used to insure type I status in the
status register.

SETUP: None.

RESULTS: Terminates the current command and resets

the busy status bit.

* * *

WD177X Notes

The WD177X controller used in the 1581 is the

WD1772 floppy disk controller chip. This chip must be
accessed by machine language programs within the disk
drive's memory.

If you are planning to program the WD1772 then I

highly recommend the information that is available
from Western Digital. They have published a small

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -65- Chapter 7
booklet that gives details about the WD1772 covering
hardware and programming.

See chapter 9 for information on how you can get

the WD1772 booklet from Western Digital.

NOTE: Some early 1581's contained the WD1770

controller. If you have one of these drives it is
recommended that you replace the WD1770 with a
WD1772. Chapter 9 documents some known hardware bugs
in the 1581 and Appendix A tells you about a program
that will check for them.

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -66- Chapter 7
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$8000-$8001 CHECKSUM CHECKSUM USED BY

ROUTINES TO VERIFY THE
INTEGRITY OF THE DOS
ROMS

$8002-$8003 NOT USED BY THE DOS

$8004- EXECMD EXECUTE COMMAND STRING

$804C- ENDCMD END OF COMPUTER COMMAND

GENERATE AN ERROR
MESSAGE

$8050- ENDO END COMMAND BUT DON'T

WRITE BAM

$805B- END1 END COMMAND IGNORE

ERROR

$8067- END2 END COMMAND NO ERROR

MESSAGE PREPARED

$8071- CLRCMD CLEAR COMMAND BUFFER

$8085- SCAN LOOK FOR ":" AND DRIVE

NUMBER IN COMMAND
STRING

$8099- SCANCOLON LOOK FOR COLON IN

COMMAND STRING

$80A2- TEST2FILES TEST COMMAND WITH TWO

FILENAMES FOR SYNTAX

$811C- SCANCHARINA SEARCH INPUT LINE FOR

CHARACTER IN THE
ACCUMULATOR

$8165- LOOKCMD SET ALL FLAGS AND LOOK

AT COMMAND STRING
TABLE

$81AF- CLRCMDVAR CLEAR AND SET BACK

TABLE, POINTERS AND
FLAGS

$81E5- FLASHOFF FLASH ERROR LED OFF

$81F1- FLASHON FLASH ERROR LED ON

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -67- Chapter 8
LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$81FD- GETDRV GET DRIVE NUMBER AND

SET INTO FILE TABLE

$8224- GETDRVFROMCMD GET DRIVE NUMBER FROM

COMMAND STRING

$8251- INITWITHLEDON INITIALIZE DRIVE AND

SWITCH LED ON

$8270- SETFILE SET AND DETERMINE FILE

TYPE

$8295- CHKDRV TEST VALID DRIVE NUMBER

$82A2- INTDRVFNAME INITIALIZE DRIVE GIVEN

IN FILENAME

$82B9- FINDFILE LOOK FOR FILE ENTRY IN

THE DIRECTORY

$8327- SCANDIR SEARCH DIRECTORY ENTRY

$8336- SCANNEXT SEARCH NEXT ENTRY

$83D7- NEWSEARCH REINITIALIZE FILE

SEARCH FLAGS

$83E2- QUITSEARCH QUIT SEARCH FOR

FILENAME

$83FA- WCARD 1581 EXTENDED WILD CARD

CHECK

$8424- SETSEARCH SET INDICATOR TO SEARCH

IN DIRECTORY

$84AE- INTDSK INITIALIZE DISKETTE

$84EE- WRTNAME COPY FILENAME FROM

INPUT BUFFER TO
DIRECTORY BUFFER

$8508- COPYDATA COPY PART OF THE INPUT

BUFFER AND THE CURRENT
DATA BUFFER

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -68- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$8526- FNAMELEN SEARCH LENGTH OF

FILENAME IN INPUT
BUFFER (STARTING
POSITION IN .X)

$854D- READFROMDIR READ FILE FROM

DIRECTORY

$855D- DIROUTPUT ESTABLISH DIRECTORY FOR

OUTPUT TO BUFFER

$861C- DELBUF DELETE BUFFER FOR DATA

NAME WITH EMPTY
CHARACTER

$868B- BLKFRE SETUP CLOSING LINE OF

DIRECTORY WITH "BLOCKS
FREE." MESSAGE

$867C-$8687 BLKFREMSG "BLOCKS FREE." MESSAGE

$8688- SCRATCH SCRATCH COMMAND - "S"

$86DB- FRESIDE FREE SIDE SECTOR BLOCKS

IN A REL FILE

$8713- FREEUP PURSUE SECTORS ON HAND

AND FREE UP IN BAM

$8732- FREEUP1 FREE SECTOR IN BAM AND

CONTINUE

$873B- DELFILE FILE ENTRY IN FILE TYPE

OF DIRECTORY MARKED AS
SCRATCHED

$8746- NEW ROUTINE FOR 1581 "NEW"

COMMAND (FORMAT DISK)
- "N"

$876E- COPY COPY COMMAND FOR

COPYING FILES - "C"

$8793- COPYFILE COPY FILES

$87F4- COPYSING COPY SINGLE FILES

$8800- COPYMULT COPY MULTIPLE FILES

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -69- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$8841- OPENREAD OPEN CHANNEL TO READ

FILE

$8876- GETBYTE READ A BYTE FROM A FILE

$8895- COPYREL COPY A RELATIVE FILE

$88C5- RENAME RENAME A FILE COMMAND-

IIRM

$8903- CHKEXIST SEE IF FILE ENTRY

EXISTS

$891E- CMPNAMES COMPARE WITH TWO

FILENAMES

$892F- MEMCMD MEMORY COMMAND ROUTINES

$8954- MEMREAD MEMORY READ COMMAND GET

A BYTE FROM DRIVE
MEMORY - "M-R"

$8983- MEMWRT MEMORY WRITE COMMAND

WRITE A BYTE INTO
DRIVE MEMORY - "M-W"

$898F- USER USER COMMANDS TO START

PROGRAMS IN DOS BUFFER
AT $0500

$8996- BURSTCMD ROUTINE FOR BURST USER

COMMANDS ("UO")

$89CC- EXECUSER EXECUTE A USER COMMAND

$89E4- DIRECT "#" COMMAND - OPEN A

DIRECT CHANNEL

$8A5D- BLKCMDS BLOCK COMMANDS

$8A9F- BLKPARAM GET AND SET BLOCK

COMMAND PARAMETERS

$8AAC- TESTPARAM TEST BLOCK COMMAND

PARAMETERS

$8AD0- ASCII2BIN CONVERT/SET BLOCK

COMMAND PARAMETERS
FROM ASCII TO BINARY

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -70- Chapter 8
 LOCATION IABEL DESCRIPTION

$8B20- BINVAL BINARY VALUE TABLE $01,

$0A, $64

$8B23- BLKFRE BLOCK FREE COMMAND-

FREE A BLOCK IN THE
BAM - "B-F"

$8B2F- BLKALLOC BLOCK ALLOCATE COMMAND

- MARK A BLOCK IN THE
BAM AS USED - "B-A"

$8B65- TESTBR TEST BLOCK READ ("B-R")

PARAMETERS AND READ
SECTOR INTO BUFFER

$8B6B- GETBUFBYTE GET BYTE FROM BUFFER

$8B71- READSECINTPTR READ SECTOR FROM

DISKETTE TO BUFFER AND
INITIALIZE POINTER

$8B85- BLKREAD READ SECTOR FROM

DISKETTE FOR "B-R"
COMMAND

$8B8E- BREXTEND BLOCK SHIFT READ

COMMAND - EXTENDED
TRACK READER

$8B9A- USER1CMD ROUTINE FOR "Ul»

COMMAND READ SECTOR
FROM DISKETTE

$8BAE- BLKWRT ROUTINE FOR BLOCK WRITE

COMMAND "B-W"

$8BD1- BWEXTEND BLOCK SHIFT WRITE

COMMAND - EXTENDED
TRACK WRITER

$8BD7- USER2CMD ROUTINE FOR "U2"

COMMAND WRITE SECTOR
TO DISKETTE

$8BE3- BLKEXEC ROUTINE FOR BLOCK

EXECUTE COMMAND READ
SECTOR AND EXECUTE
CODE IN DOS BUFFER
"B-E"

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -71- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$8BFA- BLKPTR ROUTINE FOR BLOCK

POINTER COMMAND SET
BUFFER POINTER ("B-P")

$8C0F- ALLOCOPEN ALLOCATE BUFFER AND

OPEN CHANNEL

$8C2F- CHKPARAM TEST PARAMETERS FOR

VALID SECTOR
ASSIGNMENT

$8C44- SKIPILLEGAL SAME AS ABOVE, BUT DOES

NOT FLAG ILLEGAL
TRACKS AND/OR SECTORS

$8C5C- ALLOCBUF ALLOCATE RAM BUFFER-

.A CONTAINS THE BUFFER
NUMBER (1 = BUFFER 0,
2 = BUFFER 2, ETC.)

$8C61-$8C6A BLKCMDTAB BLOCK COMMAND TABLE

"AFRWEPRW?*"

$8C6B-$8C7E BLKADDR ADDRESSES OF 10 BLOCK

COMMANDS IN LOW, HIGH
BYTE FORMAT

$8B2F - "B-A"
$8B23 - »B-F"
$8B85 - "B-R"
$8BAE - "B-W"
$8BE3 - »B-E"
$8BFA - "B-P"
$8B8E - "B-R"
$8BD1 - "B-W"
$8C7F - 11B-?"
$8C84 - "B-*"

$8C7F- AUTHOR BLOCK- ? COMMAN D

AUTHOR/DESIGNER
MESSAGE IN ERROR
CHANNEL - "B-?"

$8C84- DEDICATE BLOCK-* COMMAND

DEDICATION MESSAGE IN
ERROR CHANNEL - "B-*"

$8C89- GETREC GET RECORD FROM

RELATIVE FILE

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -72- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$8CC1- NUMBYTES COMPUTE NUMBER OF BYTES

UP TO RECORD

$8D06- DIV254 DIVISION OF MATH

REGISTER BY 254
(SECTOR LENGTH)

$8D09- DIV120 DIVISION OF MATH

REGISTER BY 120
(RECORD ENTRIES IN
SIDE-SECTOR)

$8D38- CLRMATH1 CLEAR MATH REGISTER 1

$8D41- MULTTIMES4 MULTIPLY MATH REGISTER

2 FOUR TIMES

$8D44- DOUBLEREG2 DOUBLE MATH REGISTER 2

$8D4C- ADD1TO2 ADD MATH REGISTER 2 TO

MATH REGISTER 1

$8D59- INTBUFCHAN INITIALIZE BUFFER

CHANNEL TABLE

$8D68- TESTCHANNUM TEST CHANNEL NUMBER IN

BUFFER CHANNEL TABLE

$8D7D- MAMBUF MANAGE AND ASSIGN

BUFFERS

$8E3C- FINDFREBUF LOOK FOR A FREE BUFFER

$8E4D- SETBUFSTATUS TOGGLE BUFFER FROM

ACTIVE TO PASSIVE AND
BACK AGAIN

$8E5C- WRTINTERNAL WRITE BYTES OVER

INTERNAL CHANNEL INTO
BUFFER

$8E78- WRT2FILE WRITE BYTE INTO FILE

$8EB1- WRT2BUF WRITE BYTE IN CURRENT

BUFFER

$8EC5- INITIALIZE INITIALIZE COMMAND-

"10"

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -73- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$8FD6- READ2BUF READ SECTOR FROM

DISKETTE TO BUFFER

$8FEA- READNEXT READ IN GIVEN SECTOR

AND SECTOR AFTER THAT

$8FFE- READSEC READ SECTOR FROM DISK

$9002- WRTSEC WRITE SECTOR TO DISK

$9027- OPENREAD OPEN CHANNEL FOR

READING

$9042- SCANANDOPEN SEARCH FOR AND OPEN

CHANNEL

$905F- GETFILETYPE GET CURRENT FILE TYPE

$9069- GETCHANANDBUFF GET CHANNEL AND

MATCHING BUFFER NUMBER

$9071- GETFROMBUF GET BYTE FROM CURRENT

BUFFER

$909B- GETFROMFILE GET BYTE FROM FILE

$9112- WRT2FILE WRITE BYTE IN FILE

$9138- NEXTCHAR SET CURRENT BUFFER

POINTER TO NEXT
CHARACTER

$9145- SWITCHAUTO SWITCH FOR AUTOLOADER

BOOT ON INITIALIZE OR
BURST INQUIRY/QUERY

$9157- SCANWRTCHAN LOOK FOR WRITE CHANNEL

AND BUFFER

$915A- SCANREADCHAN LOOK FOR READ CHANNEL

AND BUFFER

$919E- FRECHAN FREE UP CHANNEL

$91CE- FREBUFCHAN FREE UP BUFFER AND

CORRESPONDING CHANNEL

$9204- SCAN4BUF LOOK FOR BUFFER

$9228- SCAN4FREBUF LOOK FOR FREE BUFFER

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -74- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL

$923E- FREINACT FREE UP ALL INACTIVE

BUFFERS

$9252- FREEINDEX FREE UP BUFFER INDEX

$9262- CLOSECHAN CLOSE CHANNELS 0 TO 14

$926E- FREEALLCHAN FREE UP ALL CHANNELS ON

CURRENT DRIVE

$9291- GETBUFF GET A BUFFER

$92DB- LAYOUTFREE SEEK AND LAYOUT A FREE

CHANNEL

$92F4- GETFROMCHAN GET A BYTE FROM A

CHANNEL

$9303- READFROMFILE READ BYTE FROM A FILE

$933A- READFROMREL GET BYTE FROM A

RELATIVE FILE

$9348- GETNEXT GET NEXT BYTE FROM FILE

$934A- GETCURREN GET CURRENT BYTE FROM

FILE

$9370- READERRCHAN READ ERROR CHANNEL

$9396- ERRPTR SET POINTER FOR ERROR

MESSAGE POINTER

$939F- INITERRCHAN INITIALIZE ERROR

MESSAGE CHANNEL

$93AA- READNXTSEC READ NEXT SECTOR OF A

FILE

$93B0- JOBREAD TAKE JOB CODE FOR READ

SECTOR ($80)

$93C1- JOBWRT TAKE JOB CODE FOR WRITE

SECTOR ($90)

$93CF- OPENSEQREAD OPEN SEQUENTIAL FILE

FOR READING

$93E0- OPENSEQWRITE OPEN FILE FOR WRITING

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -75- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$93E7- WRTNEXTDIR WRITE NEXT DIRECTORY

SECTOR

$9422- SETBUFPTR1 SET BUFFER POINTER TO

GIVEN POSITION

$9434- CLOSEINTERNAL CLOSE INTERNAL CHANNELS

$9442- CURRENTBUF DETERMINE CURRENT

BUFFER POINTER

$9445- SETBUFPTR2 SET BUFFER POINTER

(BUFFER NUMBER IN .A)

$9450- GETBUFBYTE READ ANY BYTE FROM

BUFFER (.A MUST
CONTAIN POSITION OF
THE CHARACTER)

$9460- CHKTRKSEC TEST FOR VALID TRACK

AND SECTOR NUMBERS
THEN SET JOB CODE

$94A8- GETTRKSEC GET TRACK AND SECTOR OF

CURRENT JOB FROM JOB
MEMORY

$94B5- RANGECHK CHECK CURRENT TRACK AND

SECTOR FOR ALLOWABLE
RANGE

$94CB- FALSEFORMAT DISPLAY ERROR MESSAGE

FOR FALSE FORMAT

$94D3- SENDJOBCURBUF SEND JOB FOR CURRENT

BUFFER TO JOB LOOP

$94DE- READNWAIT SEND JOB CODE FOR READ

TO JOB LOOP AND WAIT
UNTIL EXECUTION

$94E2- WRTNWAIT SAME AS ABOVE EXCEPT

WRITE

$94E4- EXECJOB EXECUTE JOB FOR CURRENT

DRIVE (JOB CODE IN .A)

$94E6- EXECJOB2 EXECUTE JOB CODE (JOB

CODE IN .A, BUFFER
NUMBER IN .X)

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -76- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$94E8- EXECJOB3 EXECUTE JOB

$94ED- JOBDONE WAIT UNTIL JOB IS

EXECUTED AND AN ERROR
MESSAGE IS PREPARED

$94F8- SUPERVISE SUPERVISE THE CURRENT

JOB RUN

$951A- NXTRKONERR SET HEAD TO NEXT TRACK

AFTER A READ ERROR-
SEARCH SOME MORE

$9564- WAITTILDONE JOBCODE EXECUTES UNTIL

SUCCESSFUL OR UNTIL
COUNTER IN $30 = 0

$9585- SENDCURRENT SEND CURRENT TRACK AND

SECTOR NUMBERS TO JOB
LOOP

$9588- SENDTRKSEC SEND TRACK AND SECTOR

NUMBERS TO JOB LOOP
(BUFFER IN .A)

$959D- DIRECTCALL DIRECT 1581 CONTROLLER

CALL

$95AB- CLOSEFILE CLOSE A FILE ENTRY IN

THE DIRECTORY

$9678- OPENCMD TAKE ON OPEN COMMAND

WITH A SECONDARY
ADDRESS 0 TO 14

$97A2- SAVEREPLACE OVER WRITE

CORRESPONDING FILE
ENTRY

$984D- OPENREADFILE OPEN A FILE FOR READING

$9890- OPENWRTFILE OPEN A FILE FOR WRITING

$98AB- SETCMD SETUP FILE TYPE AND

FILE OPERATION AS
COMMAND STRING

$98CC- APPEND2FILE PREPARE FILE FOR APPEND

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -77- Chapter 8
LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$98F7- XMITDIR TRANSMIT DIRECTORY TO

COMPUTER

$995C- CLOSEAFILE CLOSE A FILE

$9986- CLOSEALL CLOSE ALL FILES

$999F- CLOSE2ND FILES DECLARED THROUGH

SECONDARY ADDRESS
CLOSED

$9A2A- WRTLASTSEC WRITE THE LAST SECTOR

OF A FILE TO DISKETTE

$9A72- CLOSEWRT CLOSE DIRECTORY ENTRY

AFTER WRITE OPERATION

$9B0D- OPENREADCHAN OPEN CHANNEL TO READ

FILE

$9B9B- INITOPENPTR INITIALIZE CHANNEL OPEN

POINTER

$9BC3- OPENWRTCHAN OPEN CHANNEL TO WRITE

TO A FILE

$9C82- SETRELSS SETUP A REL FILE SIDE

SECTOR

$9CCA- WRT2SS WRITE A BYTE TO CURRENT

SIDE SECTOR

$9CD3- CHANINFT CHANNEL NUMBER IN FILE

TYPE FLAG SET (CARRY =
1) OR CLEARED (CARRY =
0)

$9CD5- CHFT1 VALUE COMBINED IN FILE

TYPE (BIT = 1 IS SET)

$9CDB- CHFT2 REMOVE VALUE FROM THE

FILE TYPE FLAG (BIT =
1 IS TAKEN OUT/NOT
SET)

$9CE4- CHFT3 CHECK FOR SET FILE TYPE

FLAG (THE FLAG VALUE
IS IN .A)

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -78- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$9CE9- CHFT4 CHECK TO SEE IF JOB

CODE IS SETUP FOR
WRITING

$9CF5- TESTFPTR TEST FILE POINTER

$9D2E- BUF2DSK WRITE BUFFER TO DISK

$9D3A- SETCHAIN SET CHAINED BYTES WHICH

POINT TO THE NEXT
SECTOR

$9D49- GETCHAIN GET LINKED BYTES WHICH

POINT TO THE NEXT
SECTOR

$9D56- SETENDLNK SET SECTOR LINK BYTES

AS LAST SECTOR IN
CHAIN OF LINKED BYTES
AND/OR SECTORS

$9D69- BUFPTRO SET CURRENT BUFFER

POINTER TO ZERO

$9D79- GETCURTRKSEC GET CURRENT TRACK AND

SECTOR OF CURRENT
JOB/GET CHAN OF
CURRENT SECONDARY
ADDRESS

$9D7C- GETCUR2 GET TRACK AND SECTOR OF

CURRENT JOB/DETERMINE
BUFFER

$9D8E- SENDJOB GIVE JOB CODES TO JOB

LOOP

$9DCE- NXTLINK NEXT SECTORS PARAMETERS

SET BY LINKED BYTES
THAT ARE ON HAND

$9DDE- BUFCOPY COPY FILE FROM ONE

BUFFER TO ANOTHER
BUFFER. THE .A
CONTAINS THE NUMBER OF
BYTES TO TRANSFER, .YR
IS THE SOURCE BUFFER
NUMBER, AND .XR IS THE
DESTINATION BUFFER
NUMBER.

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -79- Chapter 8
LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$9DFA- CLRBUFF CLEAR THE BUFFER NUMBER

IN .A WITH ZEROS

$9E0B- SETSSNUM GET THE NUMBER OF THE

CURRENT SIDE SECTOR

$9E15- SETBUFPTR SET THE BUFFER POINTERS

$64/$65 TO ANY
POSITION IN THE BUFFER

$9E23- SETBUFPTR SET THE BUFFER POINTER

$9E32- READSIDE READ A SIDE SECTOR INTO

A BUFFER AND SETUP
POINTERS

$9E56- READSEC READ A SECTOR- THE

BUFFER POINTER OF THE
CURRENT BUFFER MUST
USE THE TRACK AND
SECTOR PARAMETERS OF
THE LINK BYTES

$9E75- SETSSPTR SET THE SIDE SECTOR

POINTER

$9E7D- CALCNUMSS CALCULATE THE NUMBER OF

SIDE SECTORS IN A
RELATIVE FILE

$9EE4- SSSTATUS TEST STATUS OF A SIDE

SECTOR

$9F11- CURBUF DETERMINE NUMBER OF THE

CURRENT BUFFER

$9F1C- CURBUFST GET CURRENT BUFFER

STATUS

$9F33- BUFFREORNOT TEST WHETHER BUFFER IS

FREE

$9F3E- TWOBUFF ACTIVATE BUFFERS FOR

TWO BUFFER OPERATIONS

$9F4C- WRTREC WRITE A RECORD FOR A

RELATIVE FILE

$9FB6- PTR2LAST SET POINTER TO LAST

CHARACTER

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -80- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$9FBF- PREPRECSEC PREPARE SECTOR OF THE

RECORD

$9FFC- WRTRECCHAR WRITE A CHARACTER OF

THE RECORD INTO THE
BUFFER

$A033- WRTREC2DATABUF WRITE RECORD TO THE

DATA BUFFER

$A07B- FILREC FILL THE REST OF A

RECORD WITH EMPTY
BYTES ($00/0)

$A08D- DATAALT FLAG FOR BUFFER DATA

ALTERED IS SET

$A09C- DATANOTALT FLAG FOR BUFFER DATA

ALTERED IS CLEARED

$A0A6- GETFROMREC GET A BYTE FROM A

RECORD

$AOE1- OUTPUTAREC GET A RECORD AND OUTPUT

IT

$AOEC- RECNOTHERE RECORD NOT PRESENT

ERROR

$AOFD- LSTRECCHAR SET POINTER TO LAST

CHARACTER OF THE
RECORD

$A143- FINDENDREC SEARCH FOR THE END OF A

RECORD

$A15C- FINDENDREL SEARCH FOR THE END OF A

RELATIVE FILE

$A1A1- RECORD RECORD COMMAND ROUTINE

("P")

$A20D- READREC READ A RECORD INTO THE

BUFFER

$A235- READRECSEC READ THE RECORD SECTOR

CONTAINED IN THE
BUFFER

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -81- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$A273- CHKSEC CHECK TO SEE IF SECTOR

IS ALREADY IN THE
BUFFER

$A298- ADDREC ENTER A NEW RECORD IN

THE SECTOR

$A2BC- CALCRECPOS CALCULATE POSITION OF A

NEW RECORD IN THE
SECTOR

$A2D6- INSERTNEWREC INSERT A NEW RECORD IN

A RELATIVE FILE

$A459- NEWSS PREPARE A NEW SIDE

SECTOR

$A547- SUPERSS ROUTINES FOR HANDLING

SUPER SIDE SECTORS

$A602-$A730 ERRMSGS ERROR MESSAGES STORED

AS ASCII TEXT

ERROR NUMBER TEXT

$A602- E00 00 "OK"

$A606- E02 02 "PARTITION

SELECTED"

$A61A- E20ETC 20-24,27 "READ ERROR"

$A625- E52 52 "FILE TOO

LARGE"

$A631- E50 50 "RECORD NOT

PRESENT"

$A63C- E51 51 "OVERFLOW IN

RECORD"

$A649- E25 25 "WRITE ERROR"

$A64D- E26 26 "WRITE

PROTECT ON"

$A65A- E29 29 "DISK ID

MISMATCH"

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -82- Chapter 8
 u

LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION u

ERROR NUMBER TEXT u

$A660- E30ETC 30-34 "SYNTAX

ERROR"

$A66C- E60 60 "WRITE FILE

OPEN11

$A670- E63 63 "FILE EXISTS"

$A679- E64 64 "FILE TYPE

MISMATCH"

$A681- E65 65 "NO BLOCK"

$A68A- E66ETC 66-67 "ILLEGAL

TRACK OR
SECTOR"

$A6A3- E61 61 "FILE NOT

OPEN"

$A6A7- E39/62 39,62 "FILE NOT

FOUND"

$A6AC- E01 01 "FILES

SCRATCHED"

$A6B9- E70 70 "NO CHANNEL"

$A6C4- E71 71 "DIRECTORY

ERROR"

$A6C9- E72 72 "DISK FULL"

$A6D0- E73 73 "COPYRIGHT

CBM DOS VI0
1581"

$A6EB- E74 74 "DRIVE NOT

READY"

$A6F8- E75 75 "FORMAT

ERROR"

$A705- E76 76 "CONTROLLER

ERROR"

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -83- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

ERROR NUMBER TEXT

$A716- E77 77 "SELECTED

PARTITION
ILLEGAL"

$A731- E79 79 "SOFTWARE BY

DAVID
SIRACUSA.
HARDWARE BY
GREG
BERLIN"

$A75F- E7A 7A "DEDICATED

TO MY WIFE
LISA"

$A779-$A7AD ERRTOK ERROR MESSAGE TOKENS

TOKEN NUMBER TEXT

$A779- T09 09 "ERROR"

$A77F- TOA OA "WRITE"
$A785- T03 03 "FILE"
$A78A- T04 04 "OPEN"
$A78F- T05 05 "MISMATCH"
$A798- T06 06 "NOT"
$A79C- T07 07 • "FOUND"
$A7A2- T08 08 "DISK"
$A7A7- TOB OB "RECORD"

$A7AE- DOERR ERROR MESSAGE OUTPUT

ROUTINE .A MUST
CONTAIN THE ERROR
NUMBER, .XR THE BUFFER
NUMBER

$A7F1- PREPMSG PREPARE THE ERROR

MESSAGE

$A7F4- ACTMSG ACTIVATE ERROR MESSAGE

$A83E- BIN2BCD CONVERT A BINARY NUMBER

TO A BCD NUMBER

$A850- BCD2ASCII CONVERT A BCD NUMBER

I NTO TWO ASCI I
CHARACTERS

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -84- Chapter 8
LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$A862- OKMSG PREPARE "00, OK" ERROR

MESSAGE

$A867- ERRTRKSEC OUTPUT ERROR MESSAGE

WITH TRACK AND SECTOR
NUMBERS = 0

$A86D- ERRBUF PRODUCE ERROR MESSAGE

IN BUFFER (BUFFER
NUMBER IN .A)

$A8AD- WRTMSG2BUF WRITE ERROR MESSAGE IN

TEXT FORM TO ERROR
BUFFER

$A8F8- WRTASCIIMSG WRITE ASCII CHARACTERS

INTO A BUFFER. NON-
ASCII CHARACTERS
INTERPETED AS ERROR
NUMBERS

$A90E- ERRMSGFROMROM GET A CHARACTER OF

ERROR TEXT FROM THE
ERROR MESSAGE TEXT
TABLE IN ROM

$A91C- GETBYTETAB GET THE CURRENT BYTE

FROM THE TABLE

$A926-$A937 AUTOFILENAME AUTO EXECUTE FILE NAME.

FIRST CHARACTER IS THE

11 &" COMMAND

"&COPYRIGHT CBM 86"

$A938- AUTOLOADER CBM AUTO LOADER ROUTINE

$A94C- DISABLEAUTO RETURN FROM THE AUTO

LOADER WITH THE AUTO
LOADER DISABLED

$A956- UTILITYCMD UTILITY LOADER COMMAND

11 &11 FIND AND GET
UTILITIY LOADER PROGRAM
BLOCK

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -85- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$A9F5- GETUTL READ IN A BYTE FROM

UTILITY LOADER PROGRAM
BLOCK

$AA07- UTLCHKSUM IMPLEMENT A CHECKSUM

FOR UTILITY LOADER
PROGRAM BLOCK

$AAOF- SETERRVEC SET ERROR VECTORS TO

ROUTINE AT $A94C

$AA27- INTERLEAVE "UO>SXM COMMAND SET

SECTOR FORMAT FOR CBM
DISKETTES (INTERLEAVE)

$AA2D- READATTEMPT "UO>RX" COMMAND SET

NUMBER OF READ
ATTEMPTS

$AA33- SIEEETIMING "UO>IX" COMMAND

FUNCTION SET SIEEE
TIMING

$AA39- TESTROM »UO>T" COMMAND TEST ROM

CHECKSUM AKA ROM
SIGNATURE ANALYSIS

$AA3C- BURSTUTL DECODE AND EXECUTE

DRIVE STATUS AND
CONTROL FUNCTIONS

$AA65- SETDEVICE SET DEVICE NUMBER VIA

»UO>"+CHR$(X)

$AA83- SYNTAXERR SYNTAX ERROR MESSAGE

$AA88- BUSMODE "UOBX" COMMAND SET

SERIAL BUS MODE (SLOW
OR FAST)

$AA9A- VERIFYMODE "UO>VX" COMMAND SETS

VERIFY MODE SELECTION
(ON OR OFF)

$AAA8- BURSTMEMCMDS BURST MEMORY READ AND

WRITE COMMANDS

$AAC3- BURSTMEMREAD BURST MEMORY-READ

COMMAND

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -86- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$AAD7- BURSTMEMWRT BURST MEMORY-WRITE

COMMAND

$AB09- SETVERIFY CHECK VERIFY MODE

SELECT VALUE EITHER
ZERO OR ONE

$AB1D- SIGNATURERTN ROM SIGNATURE ANALYSIS

ROUTINE TEST ROM VIA
CHECKSUM

$ABCF- ATN ROUTINE FOR CONTROLLING

THE SERIAL BUS (SERIAL
BUS ATN SERVER)

$ACBB- BUS2INPUT SWITCH 1581 BUS TO

INPUT

$ACD4- BUS2OUTPUT SWITCH 1581 BUS TO

OUTPUT

$ACE8- DATALOW DATA LINE SET LOW

$ACF1- DATAHI DATA LINE SET HIGH

$ACFA- CLOCKHI CLOCK LINE SET HIGH

$AD03- CLOCKLOW CLOCK LINE SET LOW

$ADOC- SERVAL VALUES READ FROM SERIAL

BUS

$AD2F- DELAY1 CYCLE DELAY

$AD34- DELAY2 CYCLE DELAY

$AD3C- UICMD "UI" COMMAND BUS MODE

COMMAND 1541/1540
SPEED

$AD5C- TALK SERIAL BUS TALK ROUTINE

$AEB8- LISTEN SERIAL BUS LISTEN

ROUTINE

$AED9- RESETBUS RESET BUS CONTROL

REGISTER AND WAIT FOR
NEXT COMMAND

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -87- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$AEEA- SETSERIAL SPINP/SPOUT SETUP FAST

SERIAL DIRECTION AS
INPUT OR OUTPUT
(CARRY SET = SPOUT,
CARRY CLEAR = SPINP)

$AEF2- RAMORROMERR RAM OR ROM ERROR

(TEST/CHECKSUM)

$AF24- TESTRAM&ROM TEST THE 1581'S RAM AND

ROM

$AFCA- INITZPG INITIALIZE ZERO PAGE

$AFDE- PUPMSG GENERATE DOS POWER UP

MESSAGE

$B0B3- INITLAYOUT INITIALIZE DISK LAYOUT

VARIABLES (MAX TRACK,
DIR TRACK, ETC.)

$BOCF- FORMATNORM SET UP A "NORMAL" DOS

FORMAT FOR BURST
FORMAT COMMAND

$BOFO- IDLE MAIN IDLE LOOP

$B17C- LOADDIR LOAD DIRECTORY "$"

$B201- DIREND DIRECTORY OUTPUT ENDED

$B237- COPYDIR COPY DIRECTORY ENTRY

INTO CURRENT BUFFER

$B245- GETDIRBYTE GET A BYTE FROM THE

DIRECTORY

$B262- VALIDATE VALIDATE COMMAND

ROUTINE

$B286- REPAIRBAM ALL BLOCKS OF A FILE

PUT INTO BAM ALLOCATES
BLOCKS ACCORDING TO
FILE LINK BYTES

$B2C7- TSTBLOCKS ALL BLOCKS FOLLOWING A

FILE ARE TESTED FOR
VALIDITY

° Copyright 1988 D. w. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -88- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$B2EF- TSTILLEGAL CHECK FOR ILLEGAL

SYSTEM TRACK OR
SECTORS

$B348- NEW/FORMAT FORMAT COMMAND (NEW)

$B390- NEWBAM CREATE A NEW BAM (ALL

SECTORS FREE)

$B430- CLRBAMBUF CLEAR BAM BUFFERS

$B44A- NEWBAM2 PRODUCE A NEW 1581 BAM

FOR VALIDATE COMMAND

$B546- FRESEC SECTOR RELEASED AND

MARKED AS FREE

$B572- SECUSED MARK A SECTOR IN THE

BAM AS USED. IF NONE
ARE FREE THEN A "DISK
FULL" ERROR IS
PRODUCED.

$B5B4- DRVNOTREADY PRODUCES "DRIVE NOT

READY" ERROR

$B5D8- BAMPTR BAM BUFFER POINTER SET

TO BIT FOR CURRENT
S ECTOR AND BIT
RETRIEVED

$B5EA- ISOLATEMASKS MASKS TO ISOLATE BAM

BITS

$B668- SCANFREBLK LOOK FOR NEXT FREE

BLOCK IN THE BAM

$B6BF- NXTFREONTRK LOOK FOR NEXT FREE

SECTOR ON THIS TRACK

$B6ED- NXTOPTSEC LAYOUT NEXT OPTIMUM

SECTOR

$B75E- NUMFREALL CHECK NUMBER OF FREE

BLOCKS IN BAM FOR
EVERY TRACK

$B781- PARTITION COMMAND TO CREATE OR

SWITCH PARTITIONS-
ii/ti

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -89- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$B7F7- SETSUBDIR MOVE THROUGH SUB

DIRECTORIES TO ROOT
DIRECTORY

$B888- ILLEGALPAP AN ILLEGAL PARTITION

WAS SELECTED

$B8D5- FASTLOAD FASTLOAD FILE OVER 1581

BUS (PRG, SEQ, USR)

$B95F- XFERFAST FAST SECTOR TRANSFER

$B990- XFERLAST FAST LOAD LAST FILE

SECTOR

$B9D3- SHOWERR DISPLAY ERROR MESSAGES

$B9DF- LOADERR LOAD ERROR

$BA06- FNAMESETUP SHIFT FILE NAME TO

BEGINNING OF INPUT
BUFFER

$BA40- SENDFAST BYTE SENT OVER 1581 BUS

FOR FAST LOAD

$BA64- SETUPCRASH THIS ROUTINE SETS THE

RAM ERROR VECTORS TO
POINT TO ROM. THE
VECTOR AT $01BA IS SET
TO $DFDF WHICH WILL
CRASH THE DOS.

$BA7C- SAVEVEC STORE ERROR VECTORS IN

SAVE VECTOR AREA

$BA95- RESTOREVEC RETRIEVE ERROR VECTORS

FROM SAVE VECTOR AREA

$BAB3- BURSTREAD BURST READ TRACK AND

SECTOR HANDLER

$BAD6- BURSTREAD2 BURST READ NUMBER OF

SECTORS HANDLING
ROUTINE

$BAF7- IDMISMATCH DISK ID MISMATCH ERROR

$BAF9- DRVNOTREADY DRIVE NOT READY ERROR

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -90- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$BAFC- COMMSTERROUT COMBINE COMMAND STATUS

FLAG AND OUTPUT WITH
ERROR

$BBO2- EVENTERR EVENTUAL ERROR OUTPUT

(OTHERWISE RETURN)

$BBOA- DOERRINXR OUTPUT ERROR MESSAGE

NUMBER (NUMBER IN .XR)

$BB11- BURSTREADCMD BURST READ COMMAND

$BC01- BURSTWRTCMD BURST WRITE COMMAND

$BCB2- INQUIREDISK BURST COMMAND INQUIRE

DISK

$BD06- MOREVALUES VALUES $00, $10, $0A,

$05

$BDOA- DRVNOTREADY2 DRIVE NOT READY ERROR

$BD12- BURSTFORMAT BURST FORMAT COMMAND

$BD4A-$BD5D FORMATSTRING "NO:COPYRIGHT CBM,86"

IN ASCII (USED TO DO
1581 DEFAULT BURST
FORMAT)

$BD5E- FORMATSTANDARD FORMAT USING STANDARD

DOS FORMAT VIA BURST
FORMAT COMMAND

$BD7C- CUSTOMFORMAT CUSTOM FORMAT VIA BURST

FORMAT COMMAND/SETUP
FORMAT VARIABLES

$BDF8- MOREVALUES2 VALUES $0E, $16, $26,

$44

$BDFC- SYNTAXERR SYNTAX ERROR

$BE06- QUERYDISK BURST QUERY DISK FORMAT

COMMAND.

$BE79- SENDQUERY SEND OUT THE RESULTS

OF THE QUERY DISK
FORMAT

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -91- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$BEBB- INQUIRESTATUS BURST INQUIRE STATUS

COMMAND

$BEF1- SETSTATUS SET COMMAND STATUS BYTE

$BEF8- SYNTAXERR SYNTAX ERROR

$BF02- DUMPCACHE BURST COMMAND DUMP

TRACK CACHE BUFFER

$BF66- PREPERROUT PREPARE ERROR BYTE

OUTPUT

$BF7F- PREPDATA VALUES $00, $10, $20,

$30

$BF86- SENDBYTEFAST SEND BYTE OVER SERIAL

BUS USING BURST
PROTOCOL

$BFE3- DUMPTRK DUMP A TRACK FROM CACHE

BUFFER TO DISK

$C097- SMTOGRT DETERMINE SMALLEST AND

GREATEST S ECTOR
NUMBERS

$CQBE- JMPCTRLER JUMP TO THE DISK

CONTROLLER ROUTINE

$C163-$C183 CTRLBYTES DRIVE CONTROLLER

BYTES/CODES CONTAINING
8 FLAG BITS FOR EACH
OF THE 33 AVAILABLE
JOBS

BIT TEXT

7 TRANSLATE TRACK AND SECTOR

6 CACHE OUT
5 START MOTOR
4 WAIT UNTIL MOTOR IS UP TO SPEED
3 SEEK TRACK
2 CHECK CACHE DIRTY
1 STEP REQUIRED
0 SIDE SELECT

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -92- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$C184-$C1A4 CTRLBYTES2 DRIVE CONTROLLER

BYTES/CODES CONTAINING
3 MORE FLAG BITS FOR
EACH OF THE 33
AVAILABLE JOBS

BIT TEXT

7 BY-PASS TRACK AND SECTOR

TRANSLATION
6 LOGICAL/PHYSICAL FLAG
5 READ/WRITE OPERATOR

$C1A5-$C1E7 JOBCMDS JOB QUEUE COMMAND

VECTORS

NAME COMMAND NUMBER

$C1A5- READ DV $80 $C900

$C1A7- RESET DV $82 $C2E7
$C1A9- MOTON DV $84 $C390
$C1AB- MOTOFF DV $86 $C393
$C1AD- MOTONI DV $88 $C396
$C1AF- MOTOFFI DV $8A $C3A9
$C1B1- SEEK DV $8C $C3AF
$C1B3- FORMAT DV $8E $C3BB
$C1B5- WRSTD DV $90 $C900
$C1B7- DISKIN DV $92 $C6D7
$C1B9- LEDACTON DV $94 $C546
$C1BB- LEDACTOFF DV $96 $C54F
$C1BD- ERRLEDON DV $98 $C558
$C1BF- ERRLEDOFF DV $9A $C561
$C1C1- SIDE DV $9C $C56A
$C1C3- BUFMOVE DV $9E $C589
$C1C5- WRTVER DV $A0 $C9EI
$C1C7- TRKWRT DV $A2 $C5AC
$C1C9- SP READ $A4 $C800
$C1CB- SP WRITE $A6 $C700
$C1CD- PSEEK DV $A8 $C6D7
$C1CF- TREAD DV $AA $CB09
$C1D1- TWRT DV $AC $CAE4
$C1D3- SEEKHD DV $B0 $CB0F
$C1D5- TPREAD DV $B2 $CB26
$C1D7- TPWRT DV $B4 $CB26
$C1D9- DETWP DV $B6 $CB35
$C1DB- SEEKPHD DV $B8 $C900
$C1DD- RESTORE DV $C0 $C900
$C1DF- JUMPC DV $D0 $C900
$C1E1- EXBUF DV $E0 $C900
$C1E3- FORMATDK DV $F0 $CB76

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -93- Chapter 8
LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

NAME COMMAND NUMBER

$C1E5- CTRLERR_DV NONE $CB85

$C1E7-$C2E6 DATABYTES EIGHT DATA BYTES FOR

EACH OF THE CONTROLLER
C OMMANDS LISTED
ABOVE/JOB INDEX FOR 33
JOBS

$C2E7- JOBRESET RESET COMMAND - RESETS

THE DISK CONTROLLER
AND VARIABLES ($82)

$C30C- SETWDCMDS RESTORE DEFAULT WD177X

COMMMAND TABLE

$C390- JOBMOTON MOTOR ON COMMAND-

TURNS ON THE DRIVE
SPINDLE MOTOR ($84)

$C393- JOBMOTOFF MOTOR OFF COMMAND-

TURNS OFF THE DRIVE
SPINDLE MOTOR ($86)

$C396- JOBMOTONI MOTOR ON IMMEDIATELY

($88)

$C3A9- JOBMOTOFFI MOTOR OFF IMMEDIATELY

($8A)

$C3AF- JOBSEEKTRK SEEKS TRACK COMMAND

($8C)

$C3BB- JOBFORMATTRK FORMAT ONE PHYSICAL

TRACK ($8E)

$C3EC- WRTINDEX WRITE TRACK INDEX/SAVE

AFTER INDEX HOLE

$C52C- STOPITRKFORMAT TERMINATE PHYSICAL

TRACK FORMAT

$C546- JOBACTLEDON TURN ON DISK ACTIVITY

LED ($94)

$C54F- JOBACTLEDOFF TURN OFF DISK ACTIVITY

LED ($96)

$C558- JOBERRLEDON TURN ON DISK ERROR LED

($98)

° Copyright 1988 D. H. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -94- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$C561- JOBERRLEDOFF TURN OFF DISK ERROR LED

($9A)

$C56A- JOBSETSIDE SET UP SIDE SELECT

ELECTRONICS TO THE
VALUE IN THE SIDES
TABLE. ($9C)

$C589- JOBMOVEDATA MOVE DATA BETWEEN THE

JOB QUEUE BUFFERS AND
TRACK CACHE ($9E)

$C5AC- JOBDUMPCACHE DUMPS TRACK CACHE TO

DISK (IF "DIRTY")
($A2)

$C5AF-$C5FF NOT USED BY DOS

$C600- DUMPOLD DUMP OLD TRACK CACHE

DATA

$C6D7- DUALJOB CHECKS TO SEE IF A DISK

IS IN THE DRIVE AND
SEEKS A PRESET
PHYSICAL TRACK ($92
AND $A8)

$C6DD-$C6FF NOT USED BY DOS

$C700- JOBWRTPHYS WRITE A PHYSICAL SECTOR

DIRECTLY ($A6)

$C765-$C7FF NOT USED BY DOS

$C800- JOBREADPHYS READ A PHYSICAL SECTOR

DIRECTLY ($A4)

$C865-$C8FF NOT USED BY DOS

$C900- MULTIJOB EXECUTES CONTROLLER

COMMANDS FOR:

READING SECTORS ($80)

WRITING SECTORS ($90)
SEEKING HEADERS ($B8)
BUMP TO TRACK 0 ($C0)
EXECUTE PROGRAM ($D0)
EXECUTE BUFFER ($E0)

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -95- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$C9E1- JOBVERCACHE VERIFY CACHE DATA

AGAINST A LOGICAL
TRACKS DATA ($A0)

$C9F6-$C9FF NOT USED BY DOS

$CAOO- FORMATVER VERIFY DISK FORMAT

$CAE4- JOBWRTLOG WRITE A LOGICAL ADDRESS

WITHOUT TRANSFER FROM
JOB QUEUE BUFFER ($AC)

$CB09- JOBREADLOG READ A LOGICAL ADDRESS

WITHOUT TRANSFER FROM
JOB QUEUE BUFFER ($AA)

$CBOF- JOBREADHDR READ HEADER DATA FROM

FIRST DISK SECTOR
FOUND ($B0)

$CB26- JOBWRTPHYS WRITE A PHYSICAL

A DDRESS WITHOUT
TRANSFER FROM JOB
QUEUE BUFFER ($B2)

$CB26- JOBREADPHYS READ A PHYSICAL ADDRESS

WITHOUT TRANSFER FROM
JOB QUEUE BUFFER ($B4)

$CB35- JOBWRTPROTECT CHECKS TO SEE IF THE

CURRENT DISK IS WRITE
PROTECTED ($00 = NO,
$08 = YES) ($B6)

$CB76- JOBFORMATDSK FORMAT THE DISK WITH

THE DEFAULT PHYSICAL
FORMAT ($F0)

$CBB1- MOTORON SPINDLE MOTOR ON

$CBBA- MOTOROFF SPINDLE MOTOR OFF

$CBC3- ACTLEDOFF GREEN ACTIVITY LED OFF

$CBCC- ACTLEDON GREEN ACTIVITY LED ON

$CBEC- WDCMDWAIT WAIT UNTIL CURRENT

COMMAND ON WD177X IS
DONE

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -96- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$CBF4- EXECWDCMD EXECUTE WD177X COMMAND

$CC02-$CCFF NOT USED BY DOS

$CDOO- FINDHDR SEEK A DISK HEADER

$CD3F- WDSTATUS GET WD177X CONTROLLER

STATUS

$CD5A-$CD62 WDSTDATA VALUES $00, $05, $02

$00, $00, $00
$00, $00, $08

$CD63- STARTMOT FIRE UP THE DISK DRIVE

MOTOR

$CD7B- UPTOSPEED WAIT TILL THE MOTOR IS

UP TO SPEED

$CDBC- DRVRDY CHECK FOR DRIVE READY

$CEDC- LOG2PHYS LOGICAL TO PHYSICAL

SECTOR TRANSLATION
ROUTINE

$CE71- STEPSET ROUTINE FOR HEAD

STEPPING AND SETTLING

$CFD1- FORCEWDIRQ FORCE INTERRUPT ON

WD177X, DO A DELAY,
WAIT TILL COMMAND IS
DONE

$D00D-$D03D LAZY1 FIRST DOS "LAZY"

MESSAGE

"AM I LAZY???...NO
JUST WANTED TO SAVE A
FEW MS..."

$D03E-$D53D NOTHINGl COPIES WHAT POINTED TO

BY $48 TO WHATS
POINTED TO BY $4A
INDEXED BY .YR

$D549-$D557 LAZY2 SECOND AND LAST DOS

"LAZY" MESSAGE "THIS
IS LAZY!!!"

$D558-$DA57 NOTHING2 SEE LOCATION $D03E

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -97- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$DA63- CHKSUM ROUTINE TO DO THE

CYCLIC REDUNDANCY
CHECKSUM

$DAFD- IRQRTN 1581 IRQ ROUTINE

$DB36-$DB75 USERADDR ADDRESSES OF COMMAND

ROUTINES FOR USERO

$DB36- $BB11 - BURST READ SECTOR

$DB38- $BAFA - DRIVE NOT READY
$DB3A- $BC01 - BURST WRITE SECTOR
$DB3C- $BBF9 - DRIVE NOT READY
$DB3E- $BCB2 - BURST READ SECTOR
HEADER
$DB40- $BAFA - DRIVE NOT READY
$DB42- $BD12 - BURST FORMAT
DISKETTE
$DB44- $BD12 - BURST FORMAT
DISKETTE
$DB46- $BDFC - SYNTAX ERROR #31
$DB48- $BDFC - SYNTAX ERROR #31
$DB4A- $BE06 - BURST DETERMINE
SECTOR
SEQUENCE
$DB4C- $BAFA - DRIVE NOT READY
$DB4E- $BEBB - BURST INQUIRE STATUS
$DB5O- $BAFA - DRIVE NOT READY
$DB52- $BEF8 - SYNTAX ERROR #31
$DB54- $BEF8 - SYNTAX ERROR #31
$DB56- $BB11 - BURST READ SECTOR
$DB58- $BAFA - DRIVE NOT READY
$DB5A- $BC01 - BURST WRITE SECTOR
$DB5C- $BBF9 - DRIVE NOT READY
$DB5E- $BCB2 - BURST READ SECTOR
HEADER
$DB60- $BAFA - DRIVE NOT READY
$DB62- $BD12 - BURST FORMAT
DISKETTE
$DB64- $BD12 - BURST FORMAT
DISKETTE
$DB66- $89CB - RTS INSTRUCTION NO
FUNCTION
$DB68- $89CB - RTS INSTRUCTION NO
FUNCTION

$DB6A- $BE06 - BURST DETERMINE

SECTOR SEQUENCE
$DB6C- $BAFA - DRIVE NOT READY
$DB6E- $BF02 - READ NEXT SECTOR
HEADER

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -98- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$DB70- $BFO2 -. READ NEXT SECTOR

HEADER
$DB72- $AA3C - EXECUTE 1581 STATUS
COMMAND
$DB74- $B8D5 - FAST LOAD A FILE
OVER THE 1581 BUS

$DB76- BAMUSE NUMBER OF BYTES IN BAM

FOR EACH DISK TRACK
($06/6)

$DB77- NAMEOFFSET DISK NAME OFFSET IN BAM

($04/4)

$DB78-$DB83 DOSCMDTABLE TABLE OF DOS COMMANDS

V, I, /, M, B, U, P,
&, C, R, S, N

$DB84-$DB8F DOSCMDLO DOS COMMAND VECTORS LOW

BYTES

$DB90-$DB9B DOSCMDHI DOS COMMAND VECTORS

HIGH BYTES

V - $FF09 I - $FF0C
/ - $FFOF M - $FF12
B - $FF15 U - $FF18
P - $FF1B & - $FF1E
C - $FF21 R - $FF24
S - $FF27 N - $FF2A

$DB9C-$DBA0 CMDIMAGES STRUCTURE IMAGES FOR

DOS COMMANDS

$51 - DISK COPY

$DD - RENAME A FILE (NOT
PARSED)
$1C - SCRATCH A FILE (NOT
PARSED)
$9E - FORMAT A DISK (NOT
PARSED)
$1C - LOAD A FILE

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -99- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$DBA1-$DBA4 FILEMODE MODE TABLE

$DBA1- $52 R = READ MODE

$DBA2- $57 W = WRITE MODE

$DBA3- $41 A = APPEND MODE

$DBA4- $4D M = MODIFY MODE

(READ AN IMPROPERLY CLOSED
FILE)

$DBA5-$DBBC FILETYPE FILE TYPE TABLE

FTO $DBA5-$DBAA FIRST BYTE

OF FILE TYPE (D, S,
P, U, L, C) FOR FILE
OPERATIONS

FT1 $DBAB-$DBBO FIRST BYTE

OF FILE TYPE (D, S,
P, U, R, C)

FT2 $DBB1-$DBB6 SECOND

BYTE OF FILE TYPE (E,
E, R, S, E, B)

FT3 $DBB7-$DBBC THIRD BYTE

OF FILE TYPE (L, Q,
G, R, L, M)

VALID FILE TYPES ARE:

DEL, SEQ, PRG, USR,
REL, CBM

$DBBD-$DBC1 ERRFLAG ERROR FLAG VARIABLES

FOR USE BY BIT
COMMANDS

$DBC2-$DBC6 ERROFFSETS OFFSETS FOR ERROR

RECOVERY

$DBC7- SPINPATCH SPIN ROUTINE PATCH TO

CLEAR THE SHIFT
REGISTER

$DBEO- SPOUTPATCH SPINOUT ROUTINE PATCH

TO CLEAR THE SHIFT
REGISTER

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -100- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$DBEE- RELEASESEC RELEASE SECTORS IN BAM

AFTER SCRATCHING A
FILE/USED AFTER
SCRATCHING A PARTITION
FILE TO UPDATE THE
DISK BAM

$DBF4- SEEKNCHK SEEK A HEADER AND CHECK

DISK FORMAT

$DC01-$DC37 CRMSG COMMODORE DOS COPYRIGHT

MESSAGE

11 (C)1987 COMMODORE
ELECTRONICS LTD., ALL
RIGHTS RESERVED11

$DC38-$FEFF NOT USED BY THE DOS

$FFOO- IDLE EXECUTE THE JIDLE

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $0190. JIDLE
AT $BOFO

$FF03- IRQ EXECUTE THE JIRQ

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $0192. JIRQ
AT $DAF0

$FF06- NMI EXECUTE THE JNMI

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $0194. JNMI
AT $AFCA

$FF09- VERDIR EXECUTE THE JVERDIR

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $0196.
JVERDIR AT $B262

$FFOC- INTDRV EXECUTE THE JINTDRV

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $0198.
JINTDRV AT $8EC5

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -101- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$FFOF- PART EXECUTE THE JPART

ROUT I NE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $019A. JPART
AT $B781

$FF12- MEM EXECUTE THE JMEM

ROUT I NE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $019C. JMEM
AT $892F

$FF15- BLOCK EXECUTE THE JBLOCK

ROUT I NE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $019E.
JBLOCK AT $8A5D

$FF18- USERVEC EXECUTE THE JUSER

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01A0. JUSER
AT $898F

$FF1B- RECORD EXECUTE THE JRECORD

ROUT I NE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01A2.
JRECORD AT $A1A1

$FF1E- UTLODR EXECUTE THE JUTLODR

ROUT I NE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01A4.
JUTLODR AT $A956

$FF21- DSKCOPY EXECUTE THE JDSKCPY

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01A6.
JDSKCPY AT $876E

$FF24- RENAMEVEC EXECUTE THE JRENAME

ROUT I NE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01A8.
JRENAME AT $88C5

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -102- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$FF27- SCRTCH EXECUTE THE JSCRTCH

ROUT I NE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01AA.
JSCRTCH AT $8688

$FF2A- NEW EXECUTE THE JNEW

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01AC. JNEW
AT $B348

$FF2D- ERROR EXECUTE THE ERROR

ROUTI NE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01AE. ERROR
AT $A7AE

$FF3O- ATNSERV EXECUTE THE JATNSRV

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01B0.
JATNSRV AT $ABCF

$FF33- TALK EXECUTE THE JTALK

ROUT I NE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01B2. JTALK
AT $AD5C

$FF36- LISTEN EXECUTE THE JLISTEN

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01B4.
JLISTEN AT $AEB8

$FF39- LCC EXECUTE THE JLCC

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01B6. JLCC
AT $COBE

$FF3C- TRANSTS EXECUTE THE JTRANSJTS

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01B8.
JTRANS TS AT $CEDC

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -103- Chapter 8
 LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$FF3F- CMDERR EXECUTE THE CMDERR

ROUTINE VIA AN
INDIRECT JUMP TO THE
VECTOR AT $01BA.
CMDERR AT $A7F1

$FF42-$FF53 NOT USED BY DOS

$FF54- STROBECTRLER EXECUTE THE

JSTROBE_CTRLER ROUTINE
VIA A DIRECT JUMP TO
$FF54 JSTROBE_CTRLER
AT $959D

$FF57- CBMBOOT EXECUTE THE JCBMBOOT

ROUTINE VIA A DIRECT
JUMP TO $FF57 JCBMBOOT
AT $A938

$FF5A- CBMBOOTRTN EXECUTE THE JCBMBOOTRTN

ROUTINE VIA A DIRECT
JUMP TO $FF5A
JCBMBOOTRTN AT $A94C

$FF5D- SIGNATURE EXECUTE THE JSIGNATURE

ROUTINE VIA A DIRECT
JUMP TO $FF5D
JSIGNATURE AT $AB1D

$FF60- DEJAVU EXECUTE THE JDEJAVU

ROUTINE VIA A DIRECT
JUMP TO $FF60 JDEJAVU
AT $9145

$FF63- SPINOUT EXECUTE THE JSPINOUT

ROUTINE VIA A DIRECT
JUMP TO $FF63 JSPINOUT
AT $AEEA

$FF66- ALLOCBUFF EXECUTE THE JALLOCBUFF

ROUTINE VIA A DIRECT
JUMP TO $FF66
JALLOCBUFF AT $8C5C

$FF69- TESTTRKSEC EXECUTE THE JTESTTRKSEC

ROUTINE VIA A DIRECT
JUMP TO $FF69
JTESTTRKSEC AT $9460

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -104- Chapter 8
 LOCATION DESCRIPTION

$FF6C- DUMPTRK EXECUTE THE DUMP TRACK

TO DISK ROUTINE AT
$BFE3

$FF6F-$FF74 NOT USED BY DOS

$FF75-$FFA0 RAMVECDATA VECTORS FOR RAM JUMP

TABLE AT $ 0 1 90
(DEFAULTS SEE $FF00-
$FF3F ABOVE)

$FFA1-$FFAC NOT USED BY DOS

$FFAD- INITJMP ROUTINE TO INITIALIZE

RAM JUMP TABLE AT
$0190

$FFC8-$FFE9 NOT USED BY DOS

$FFEA-$FFFF USRJMP USER COMMAND JUMP TABLE

$FFEA- USER1 "Ul/A" VECTOR POINTS TO

$8B9A

$FFEC- USER2 "U2/B11 VECTOR POINTS TO

$8BD7

$FFEE- USER3 MU3/C" VECTOR POINTS TO

$0500

$FFFO- USER4 "U4/D11 VECTOR POINTS TO

$0503

$FFF2- USER5 "U5/E" VECTOR POINTS TO

$0506

$FFF4- USER6 "U6/F" VECTOR POINTS TO

$0509

$FFF6- USER7 "U7/G" VECTOR POINTS TO

$050C

$FFF8- USER8 "U8/H" VECTOR POINTS TO

$050F

$FFFA- NNMI "U9/I" NNMI ROUTINE

POINTS TO $AD3C

$FFFC- DSKINT "U:/J" DSKINT ROUTINE

POINTS TO $AF24

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -105- Chapter 8
LOCATION LABEL DESCRIPTION

$FFFE- SYSIRQ "UK" SYSIRQ ROUTINE

POINTS TO $FFO3

( SENDING A "UK"
COMMAND CRASHES THE DRIVE)

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -106- Chapter 8
 Chapter 9 - Miscellaneous

Power-up Diagnostics

The 1581 performs a series of self-tests on

power-up of the RAM, ROM and Controller. If a failure
is detected, the DOS will blink all the LED's a
specific number of times. The flashing code repeats
continuously.

iii^frftr of Flashes Resource Component

1 Zero Page 8K x 8 RAM

2 ROM 25256 ROM

3 $1000-$lFFF 8K X 8 RAM

An additional test performed by the 1581 is the

controller test. If a controller failure is
encountered the error channel will contain "76,
CONTROLLER ERROR,00,00. "

If an extensive test of the ROM is needed, the

1581 provides a signature analysis via the command
MU0>T. If If a failure is detected the LED's will
blink 4 times continuously.

* * *

TRACK CACHE BUFFER

The 1581 disk drive has two read/write heads, 80

disk cylinders, ten 512 byte sectors per cylinder and
10,240 usable data bytes per cylinder. Although the
disk is physically organized in 512 byte sectors, the
DOS requests data in 256 byte chunks. The controller
interprets the DOS sector request and translates the
logical request to a physical request on the
diskette. The track and sector translation routine
may be revectored by the user (This feature might
make custom formats possible).

All I/O to the diskette is implemented as an

entire track access. This allows access to the drive
with no interleaving. When a sector is read the drive
has to only copy the data from the track cache buffer
to one of the job queue buffers. If the requested
sector appears on another track then that track is
read into the cache buffer. Note, that if the track
cache buffer contains data from a previously read
track and some of that data has been changed, then
the old data is written back to the diskette before

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -107- Chapter 9
the new data is read in.

Dumping of the track cache buffer is automatic,

but it can be manually controlled. The track cache is
dumped if the next physical request is for another
track, a dump track buffer command is executed, or
after 250 ms of idle serial bus activity.

* * *

1581 SERIAL BUS SPECIFICATIONS

The Commodore 1581 serial bus supports standard,

fast and fast serial communications just like the
1571.

A Host Request Fast (HRF) command places the

drive in fast serial mode. The 1581 remains in fast
serial mode until it receives one of the following:
Unlisten, Untalk, or a serial bus error. The HRF
command generates a message that lets the host know
that the addressed peripheral can receive bytes fast
or slow.

The heart of the 1581's serial communication

abilities is the 8520A 2 mhz CIA chip. This chip
contains a programmable baud rate generator which is
used for fast serial transfers on the 1581.

Timer A of the 8520A is used for the baud rate

generator. In the output mode data is shifted out on
the serial bus pin five (data) at half the underflow
rate of Timer A and pin five will go low. The maximum
baud rate possible is phi two divided by four, but
the maximum usable baud rate will be determined by
line loading and the speed at which the receiver
responds to the input data.

Transmission of data will start following a

write to the Serial Data Register (only if Timer A is
running and in continuous mode). The clock derived
from Timer " A appears on the serial bus pin four
(clock). The data in the Serial Data Register will be
loaded into the shift register then shifted out to
serial bus pin five (data).

After eight pulses on serial bus pin four

(clock), a bit is set in the Interrupt Control
Register and if desired an interrupt may be
generated. Note, that all incoming data bytes cause
an interrupt in the fast serial drive and that bytes
are shifted out with the most significant bit first.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -108- Chapter 9
 The following table lists the possible baud
rates:

BAUD RATE HI TIM VALUE LOW TIMER VALUE

166K 00 06
143K 00 07
100K 00 10
50K 00 20
25K 00 40
12. 5K 00 80

NOTE: Values are clocked at a 2 mhz clock speed.

* * *

SERIAL BUS PIN OUT

PIN NUMBER NAME DESCRIPTION

1 SRQ SERVICE REQUEST. FAST SERIAL

WILL USE THIS LINE AS A TWO
DIRECTION FAST CLOCK LINE.

2 GND GROUND CONNECTION

3 ATN ATTENTION SIGNAL. IDENTIFIES

CONTROLLER COMMANDS. NO
RESPONSE YIELDS DEVICE NOT
PRESENT ERROR (IN ONLY)

4 CLOCK USED FOR TIMING THE DATA

SENT ON THE SERIAL BUS
(SOFTWARE CLOCKED) (IN AND
OUT)

5 DATA DATA ON THE SERIAL BUS

IS SENT ON BIT AT A TIME
(SOFTWARE TOGGLED). THIS
LINE IS WIRE "ORED" AND
USED AS THE FAST DATA LINE
TO COMPLIMENT THE FAST
CLOCK ON THE SRQ LINE (IN
AND OUT)

6 RESET RESETS THE PERIPHERAL

UPON HOST RESET

NOTE: The signal on pin 3 goes low when an ATN

command is found and an interrupt is generated. The
attention sequence is followed by an address or
command.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -109- Chapter 9
 SERIAL BUS COMMANDS/ADDRESSES

The following table lists the commands

(addresses) and gives their explanation:

COMMAND NAME LABEL BINARY VALUE

HOST REQUEST FAST HRF 1111 1111

DEVICE REQUEST FAST DRF 0000 0000

TALK ADDRESS TA 010X xxxx

LISTEN ADDRESS LA 001X xxxx

UNTALK UNTLK 0101 1111

UNLISTEN UNLSN 0011 1111

SECONDARY ADDR OPEN SAO 1111 YYYY

SECONDARY ADDR CLOSE SAC 1110 YYYY

SF.rONDARY ADDR NORMAL SA 011Z ZZZZ

NOTE: The HRF and DRF use a fast byte clocked over
the SRQ line.

Device addresses (X XXXX above) for talk and

listen can hold the following values:

ADDRESSES FUNCTION

0 TO 3 INTERNAL DEVICES

4 TO 7 NORMAL CBM PRINTERS

8 TO 11 NORMAL DISK UNITS

12 TO 30 UNUSED

Channel addresses (YYYY above) for open and

close can hold the following values:

ADDRESSES FUNCTION

0 PROGRAM TYPE READ DATA CHANNEL

1 PROGRAM TYPE WRITE DATA CHANNEL

2 TO 14 CHANNEL FOR ALL FILE TYPES (R/W)

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -110- Chapter 9
 ADDRESSES FUNCTION

15 COMMAND CHANNEL (R/W)

NOTE: R/W means read/write.

* * *

SECONDARY ADDRESS DESCRIPTIONS

ADDRESS DESCRIPTION

0 LOAD CHANNEL (LOADING FILES)

1 SAVE CHANNEL (SAVING FILES)

2 TO 14 OPEN A BUFFER OR BUFFERS

DIRECT BUFFER ACCESS OR FILE
ACCESS. EIGHT BUFFERS ARE AVAILABLE.

15 COMMAND AND ERROR CHANNEL (SEND

COMMANDS TO THE DRIVE OR READ
THE ERROR CHANNEL)

The normal secondary address (Z ZZZZ above) can

be from zero to 31.

* * *

STANDARD KERNAL CALLS AND SERIAL BUS

The following are a list of standard kernal

calls and how they communicate with the 1581 serial
bus. A few new terms have been added they are defined
below to help you understand how the Kernal calls
work.

TERM DESCRIPTION

DB DATA BYTE

FN FILE NAME BYTE

EOI END OR IDENTIFY HANDSHAKE

TKATN TALK/ATN HANDSHAKE

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -111- Chapter 9
 LOAD FROM DISK - KERNAL LOAD

This routine loads data bytes from any input

device and places it directly into the hosts memory.

HRF LA SAO FN1 FN2...FNn-l EOI FNn HRF UNLSN HRF

TA SA

TKATN DB1 DB2...DBn-l EOI DBn UNTLK HRF TA SAC

HRF UNLSN

* * *

SAVE TO DISK - KERNAL SAVE

This routine saves a section of memory from the

host to a diskette.

HRF LA SAO FN1 FN2...FNn-1 EOI FNn HRF UNLSN HRF

LA SA

DRF DB1 DB2...DBn EOI DBn-1 HRF UNLSN HRF LA SAC

HRF

UNLSN

OPEN WITH SECONDARY ADDRESS - KERNAL OPEN

This routine is used to open a logical file for

I/O operations.

HRF LA SAO DRF FN1 FN2...FNn-1 EOI FNn HRF UNLSN

* * *

CLOSE WITH SECONDARY ADDRESS — KEflMftTt ClJjQSE

This routine is used to close a logical file

after all I/O operations have been completed on that
file.

HRF LA SAC HRF UNLSN

* * *

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -112- Chapter 9
 FOR OUTPUT - KERNAL CHKOUT

This routine must be called before any data is

sent to any output device.

HRF LA SA

* * *

OPEN A CHANNEL FOR INPUT - KERNAL CHKIM

This routine is called to define any previously

opened channel as an input channel.

HRF TA SA TLKATN

* * *

OUTPUT A CHARACTER - KERNAL CHROUT

This uses a single character buffer and will

send previously buffered characters if any exists.
This buffer is also sent along with EOI prior to
sending any serial bus command sequence (HRF, LA, TA,
SAO, SAC, SA, UNTLK, UNLSN).

* * *

INPUT A CHARACTER - KERMATf CHKIN/GETIN

This routine is called to get a byte of data

from a channel already setup as an input channel•

DBc or EOI DBc (if the external device sends an

EOI)

* * *

CLEAR I/O dHAHWELIS — KERHAL CTfRCHH/CT'FQfN

This routine is used to clear and restore all

open channels to their default values.

If a CHKIN channel open was used: UNTLK

If a CHKOUT channel open was used: EOI DBc HRF

UNLSN

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -113- Chapter 9
 CHECK FOR STOP KEY PRESSED - KERNAL STOP

This routine scans to see if the stop key is

pressed. If the stop key is pressed the routine calls
CLRCHN.

* * *

STANDARD SERIAL BUS PROTOCOL

LA SA DATA LASTDATA UNLISTEN

ATN

ATN EOI-HANDSHAKE SYSTEM

LINE
RELEASE

The data is processed by synchronous transfer

with pin 4 (CLOCK) on the serial bus. The first bit
is the LSB and all bits are of 8 bit construction.

The talk and listen addresses are $48 and $28

for device eight or $49 and $29 for device nine.

The secondary address (SA) is $6x , $Fx, or $Ex

(where x has a value from $00 to $0F).

Speed: 4,800 to 6,800 baud.

* * *

FAST SERIAL BUS PROTOCOL

HRF DRF HRF

III MINIM III
LA SA DATA LASTDATA UNLISTEN

ATN
1 A
1 A
1 1
A

ATN EOI-HANDSHAKE SYSTEM LINE

RELEASE

The data is processed by synchronous transfer

with pin 1 (SRQ) on the serial bus. The first bit is
the MSB and all bits are of 8 bit construction. The
minimum bit cell is 6 us. or 48 us. per byte.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -114- Chapter 9
 The talk and listen addresses are $48 and $28
for device eight or $49 and $29 for device nine.

The secondary address (SA) is $6x , $Fx, or $Ex

(where x has a value from $00 to $0F).

Speed: 21,000 to 23,000 baud.

* * *

BURST SERIAL BUS PROTOCOL

I I I I MM MM I 1 I I MM
MM MM MM MM MM

DATA

CLOCK

The data is processed by synchronous transfer

with pin 1 (SRQ) on the serial bus. The first bit is
the MSB and all bits are of 8 bit construction. The
minimum bit cell is 6 us. or 48 us. per byte.
Handshaking is processed by pin 4 (CLOCK).

Speed: 78,400 to 80,000 baud.

1581 Bugs

Soon after it's appearance on the market the

1581 disk drive was plagued with several unfortunate
hardware problems that Commodore has since corrected.

Extensive testing of the 1581 was done and three

manufacturing problems were corrected.

The first one involved an improperly grounded

jumper (Jl) on the PC board inside the 1581 disk
drive. Allows the drive to use the 6 ms step rate.

The second involved a bad batch of WD1770 chips

that were later replaced with the WD1772 chip. A
typical symptom of this problem is a corrupted
directory after a disk copy.

The third involves a bad solder connection of

pin 10 on device U10. It causes intermitant "device
not present" errors.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -115- Chapter 9
 Any authorized Commodore repair center can
repair a 1581 that suffers any of the above problems.
I'm not positive, but I think they will do these
repairs whether your drive is in warranty or not.
Contact your repair center and ask for details on
repairing the drive and about warranty coverage.

You can test your drive with a public domain

diagnostic program called 1581.DIAG or you can open
the drive up and inspect it's insides yourself. The
1581.DIAG program was written by a concerned employee
at Commodore. You can probably find this file on your
local BBS and it's definitely circulating on most of
the major telecommunication newtworks. The original
program requires that you own a C128 since it
contains BASIC 7.0 commands. However, since not
everyone out there owns a C128 I have included a
public domain version of the diagnostic program that
will run on both computers. You'll find the program
on the companion disk called 1581.DIAG.C64. This file
is provided free of charge as a service to those that
do not have access to modems or user groups. Feel
free to share 1581.DIAG.C64 with your friends.

Using the diagnostic program is easy. Simply

load and run it from within BASIC 2.0. Now, insert a
blank diskette into the drive to be tested and follow
the on screen prompts.

The results you want to see are: "UNIT X

CONTAINS A WD1772 AND Jl IS CLOSED. " Please note
that the program cannot test the status of pin 10 on
U10. I'm also told that having a WD1770 or WD1772 is
ok, but if you are experiencing problems with a
WD1770 switch it to the WD1772. The switch will have
to be done by a qualified repairman since the WD177X
controller is not socketed.

During my explorations of the 1581 disk drive I

have found only one apparent error in the DOS. The
routine at $BA64 sets the error vector at $01BA-$0lBB
to point at an unused portion of the ROM that
contains $FF/255 in hex. The exact location is $DFDF.
An attempt to execute machine code at that location
will crash the drive.

Although I have crashed the drive many times

while exploring the DOS. I have yet to find a time
when the routine at $BA64 caused the drive to crash
by resetting the error vector mentioned above.

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -116- Chapter 9
 In the meantime, no other errors have surfaced.
As a third generation of DOS (1541 to 1571 to 1581)
the DOS seems to be pretty secure and reliable. If
you know of any problems or have documented a bug
please share the information with the rest of us.

* * *

Reaching the Author

This book is the result of many hours of hard

work that covers a period of nearly 12 months. During
that time I have spent many hours researching the
subjects covered in this book. If you find any errors
or omissions in my memory maps or other parts of the
book please feel free to contact me in care of:

Software Support International

2700 NE Andresen Road #A-1
Vancouver, WA, USA 98661

If you write and would like a reply please send

an SASE.

If you own an MSD disk drive then you might be

interested in my book The MSD DOS Reference Guide. It
contains sections on using and programming the DOS,
comprehensive RAM and I/O memory maps and a commented
disassembly of the MSD DOS V2. 3. The ONLY MSD DOS
reference available. Comes complete with a companion
disk that's full of programs for the MSD drives.
Contact Software Support International for price and
availability.

* * *

Getting Information on the WD177x

Official information on the WD177x series chips

can be really handy if you plan on heavy programming
of the 1581 disk drive. Or even if you would just
like to learn more about the floppy disk controller
chip then contact Western Digital at:

Western Digital Corporation

2445 McCabe Way
Irvine, California, USA 92714

Phone: (800)847-6181 or (714)863-0102

Ask for documentation on the WD1770/1772 5.25"

Floppy Disk Controller/Formatter. I called and was

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -117- Chapter 9
mailed the information FREE several months ago. I'm
not sure if the free information policy still stands,
but just write or call them and find out.

The documentation they sent me was kind of

technical so the beginner may not find it as useful
as more experienced people would.

RECOMMENDED

I suggest that beginners or experts in DOS

programming read the following books. They are very
informative and make great reference books.

Inside Commodore DOS by Richard Immers and

Gerald G. Neufeld $19.95 (ISBN 0-8359- 3091-2)

1571 Internals by Rainer Ellinger

$19.95 (ISBN 0-916439-44-5)

The Anatomy of the 1541 Disk Drive by Lothar

Englisch and Norbert Szczepanowski $19.95
(ISBN 0-916439-01-1)

The MSD DOS Reference Guide by David W. Martin

$29.95

Commodore 1581 Disk Drive User's Guide by

Commodore Business Machines (P/N:319928-01)
$199.95 (or free with drive purchase - hmmm
maybe you could buy it separately?!?)

These books should be available through your

local book retailer and some mail order companies.I
recommend them all highly, since without them I would
not have learned what I know today about Commodore
disk drives.

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -118- Chapter 9
 CONSTRUCTION

Products used to produce this book include:

HARDWARE

Commodore 128D Computer and 1581 Disk Drive

(The best 8-bit set up ever put together.)

Commodore Amiga 500 Computer (True

computing power and YES Amiga does make it
possible!)

Hewlett-Packard DeskJet printer (Laser-

quality output at an affordable price.)

Software

WordPerfect 4.1 for the Amiga from

WordPerfect, Corp. (The best wordprocessor
on the Amiga.)

Kracker-Mon from Kracker-Jax (For enjoyable

disk drive explorations.)

Super Snapshot V3.0 from LMS, Technologies

(Great piece of hardware/software. A must
have item!)

The text in this book was created using

WordPerfect on the Amiga. Software and disk
explorations using the 1581 were completed on the
C128D computer. The final draft of the book was
created on the Amiga using the HP DeskJet printer.

Let the list above be a lesson to everyone. No

matter what someone says about your computer never
let them say it can't do everything. Frankly, it can.

Good software and hardware combinations like the ones

listed above only prove how true this is.

Thanks...

Special thanks to the folks who made this book

possible. You all were helpful in lighting up some of
the darker corners within the 1581 DOS and it's inner
workings. From the West coast to the East coast and
North to Canada many thanks.

This book would also not have been possible

without loud rock music, days off without homework,

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -119- Chapter 9
my parents, my dog Gretel, and my brother Andy (Whose
loud and abrasive editorial comments were well taken,
but largely ignored.)

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -120- Chapter 9
 Appendix A - Sample and Utility Programs

Loading Sample and Utility Programs

Loading and executing the sample and utility

programs on the companion disk is as easy as 1..2..3.
Simply insert the companion diskette in any drive and
type:

LOAD "PROGRAM NAME", DEV# (HIT RETURN)

DEV# is any valid drive device number from 8 to

11.

PROGRAM NAME is the name of the file on the disk

that you wish to LOAD. File names for each of the
sample and utility programs are given in their
respective documentation.

Executing the programs is as easy as loading. If

an error did not occur during loading then type the
following after the next READY, message appears:

RUN (HIT RETURN)

The loaded program will now execute. See the

documentation on the following pages for information
on using the sample and utility programs.

Note: New users should thoroughly read the

manuals that accompany their computer and disk
drives. These books provide detailed information on
loading and executing files.

* * *

Loading Kracker-Mon

Kracker-Mon can be loaded and executed very

easily. Simply insert the companion diskette in any
drive and type:

LOAD "KRACKER-MON/lSSl", DEVI (HIT RETURN)

After the program loads type:

RUN (HIT RETURN)

This procedure loads the main Kracker-mon

program. The main program allows you to create
different versions of the Kracker-Mon machine
language monitor and edit the monitor's opcode table.
See Chapter 5 for detailed instructions.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -121- Appendix A
 Using the monitors that the above program
creates is just as easy as loading the main program
above. Simply type:

LOAD "MONX000", DEV#, 1 (HIT RETURN)

The program will automatically execute after it

loads.

* * *

1581 Diagnostic Program

PROGRAM NAME: 1581.DIAG.C64

This program will check your 1581 disk drive for

some known hardware errors.

You will need a formatted diskette to use the

program. Simply insert this diskette into the drive
and when prompted enter the device number of the unit
to be tested. Device numbers range from 8 to 11
normally. See chapter 9 for information on what the
diagnostic messages mean.

DOS DUMP

PROGRAM NAME: DOS DUMP

This program will dump a copy of a disk drives

ROM to a diskette. Both 1571 and 1581 drives are
supported. You will need a blank diskette or one with
about 200 blocks free. Simply enter the drive number
you want the ROM download to occur on. The program
will then download the DOS to a program called DOS
DUMP. 1000 onto the disk present in the download
drive.

The DOS DUMP.1000 file loads into computer

memory at $1000/4096. It can be explored using
Kracker-Mon or a suitable disassembler.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -122- Appendix A
 1581 File Lock/Unlock

PROGRAM NAME: 81FILELOCKON.OFF

This program allows you to lock files so that

they may not be removed from the diskette using the
scratch command.

To use the program, you must know the name of

the file you wish to lock or unlock before running
this program. You will be prompted to enter the name
of the file to be changed and the drive number where
it currently resides. Afterwards, the program will
toggle the files lock status. Files that are not
locked become locked and files that are locked become
unlocked.

This program is an adaptation of a program in

the public domain for the 1541 and 1571 disk drives.
Original author unknown.

* * *

Program—2—USR File Converter

PROGRAM NAME: PRG-2-USR

This program will convert single block program

files to files compatible with the DOS '&' command
format described in chapter 1. It can be used to
create files that can be used with the '&' command
and the autoboot feature on the 1581 disk drive.

The program will create USR files compatible

with all Commodore drives that support the '&'
command or autobooting file features.

Please note that your are limited to using a

program that is just 252 bytes in length. However,
clever programmers will use the DOS block-read
commands to boot up any extra blocks that are
necessary into the DOS data buffers.

* * *

Demo DOS *&* Command

PROGRAM NAME: DEMO & CMD

This program demonstrates the ability of the

1581 to execute a utility command file. It will
prompt you for the drive containing the demo files
and then proceed with the demo.

° Copyright 1988 D. w. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -123- Appendix A
 The demo causes the disk error LED to flash
continuously for a few seconds. Afterwards, the demo
turns off the error LED by stopping the flashing. The
demo USR file is called: FLASH LED.

1581 Autoboot Files

PROGRAM NAME: AUTOBOOT DEMO

This program demonstrates the ability of the

1581 to execute an autobooting command file. It will
prompt you for the drive containing the demo files
and then proceed with the demo.

The demo resets the disk drive via the "UJ"

command. Upon initialization, the 1581 finds a file
called "COPYRIGHT CBM 86, » which it loads and
executes within the DOS. The demo file causes the
disk error LED to flash continuously for a few
seconds. Afterwards, the demo turns off the error LED
by stopping the flashing. Stopping the demo is
accomplished by issuing an "10" command (disk
initialization).

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -124- Appendix A
 Appendix B - 1581 Error Creator_

1581 Error Creator Description

The 1581 Error Creator is a program that allows

1581 users to create read errors on their 1581
diskettes. The errors that are created can then be
used as part of a protection scheme or as a means of
testing the Error Scanner program on this book's
companion diskette.

LOADING THE ERROR CREATOR

Loading the Error Creator is easy. Simply insert

the companion disk in any drive and type:

LOAD "81 ERROR CREATOR", DRV# (HIT RETURN)

DRV# is any legal device number from 8 to 11.

Now type:

RUN (HIT RETURN)

USING THE ERROR

The following is a command summary that will

help you to use the 1581 Error Creator.

COMMAND DESCRIPTION

F Format 1581 Diskette (Formats a

range of tracks with the
specified error - see below).

E Select error type (None, 20, 23,

or 27) Appendix C explains the
error types.

B Starting track (range 1 to 80) to

format.

C Ending track (range 1 to 80) to

format.

D New Drive (Changes the drive

number and tells you what type
of drive it is). Use after
running the error creator to set
the drive type.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -125- Appendix B
 COMMAND DESCRIPTION

Q Exit to BASIC (Does not confirm

your exit request, but exits
immediately after hitting "Q").

X Send Disk command (ex. 10 will

initialize the drive).

F1/F3 Displays a disk directory (SPACE

pauses while STOP aborts)

NOTES ON THE 1581 ERROR CREATOR

The 1581 Error Creator is a great tool for

learning and exploring disk protection schemes on the
1581. It's an advanced tool that must be used with
caution.

As an advanced tool the 1581 Error Creator is

not a toy, so be very careful when using it around
important diskettes. It's a good idea to write
protect diskettes containing important data, since
once an error is created on a track the original data
is not recoverable.

If you'd like to attempt to create other types

of read errors then I suggest you study the drive
code present in the Error Creator. Manipulating the
data within can produce all kinds of results. Jump in
with both feet and enjoy yourself if you discover a
new and interesting use of this program please let me
know.

The 1581 Error Creator was provided courtesy of

KRACKER JAX, a division of Software Support
International. 1581 Error Creator was written by Mike
Howard. Thanks guys for another wonderful tool.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -126- Appendix B
 Job Queue_

1581 Controller Job Queue

The 1581 Disk Drive User's Guide (UG) describes

the DOS in ROM as a sort of split personality. This
personality split is denoted by the two major
components that make up the ROM DOS: the DOS and the
Controller.

The DOS as a collective entity is a complex

machine language program, that performs many
important and complex functions. Such as
communications with the host computer system and
management of information storage on the diskette.
Information management allows the DOS to create,
modify and delete data contained in files on the
disk.

The Controller is the part of the DOS that does

not care about files as a whole. It deals with disk
data on a very basic and physical level. It's only
concern is for the reading and writing of individual
sectors on the diskette.

The DOS and Controller communicate through what

is known as the 1581 Job Queue. The Job Queue is a
collection of memory registers in the drive that act
as "mailboxes" according to the 1581 UG.

These "mailboxes" are scanned or polled

periodically for Job Queue commands. The actual
scanning or polling takes place every 10ms. According
to the 1581 UG the timing is controlled by timer B on
the 8520.

If a job is found in the Job Queue it will be

executed and a value will be returned to the DOS. The
returned value is the job's status byte. It will tell
you if the job was successful or not.

The job queue can be accessed directly or via

the DOS routine called JSTROBECTRLER.

Most Job Queue commands require parameters to

operate correctly. The following pages will show you
how to use each of the 1581's Controller Job command
codes. This includes setting up the commands and
example DOS programs.

The memory map below lists the important memory

locations that a user needs to know if he or she
plans to program the 1581's disk controller.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -127- Appendix C
 Job Queue Programmers Memory Map

LOCATION IN HEX DESCRIPTION

$0002 - $0008 Job Queue Controller

commands for jobs 0 to 6.
Each job uses 1 byte.

$0009 - $000A Job Queue Controller

commands for jobs 7 to 8.
Used for BAM jobs only.
Each job uses 1 byte.

$000B - $001C Logical or physical track

and sector for jobs 0 to 8
listed above. Each job uses
2 bytes.

$008B - $008C Pointer to track cache

buffer

$009F - $00A7 Contains the offset pointer

that points into the track
cache buffer for jobs 0 to
8 listed above. Each job
uses 1 byte.

$01BC - $01CD Translated (physical) track

and sector for jobs 0 to 8
listed above. Each job uses
2 bytes.

$01CE - $01D6 Contains the physical side

for each of the jobs 0 to 8
listed above. Each job uses
1 byte.

$0C00 - $1FFF Track cache buffer

Note: See the RAM memory map in Chapter 6 for

job queue buffer addresses and other interesting RAM
memory locations.

* * *

Basic 1581 Controller Call

The basic controller call must contain the

following steps:

1) Set up any parameters that are required by

the job command being used. Such as track and
sector information and/or disk side.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -128- Appendix C
 2) Write the job controller code into the
appropriate job queue.

3) Wait for the job to finish it's execution.

4) Retrieve the job's status from the job queue.

The steps listed above present Controller

programming in a nutshell. For the most part all the
steps are important particularly step number one.

Step one involves setting up the disk Controller

hardware to perform a specified operation on a
particular track and sector or an entire track. It is
very important to make sure that the information you
use to set up the Controller electronics is correct.
The Controller does not check the information given
to it for errors (except illegal Controller
commands). As far as track and sector parameters are
concerned the Controller will do exactly what you
tell it.

Therefore, it is important to stay within the

allowable track and sector range when programming the
DOS. Reading or writing beyond the allowable track
range of 1 to 80 will cause unpredictable results and
is not recommended. While accessing tracks past track
80 is not recommended it may be possible to access
tracks as high as track 85 on the 1581.

Step two is performed after setting up the job

queue. This is where you tell the drive what to do at
the specified track and sector. Simply store a
Controller command code in the job queue and watch
the drive work.

Afterwards, steps three and four give you the

status of the job being executed. If you load the
value from the currently active job and bit seven is
set to one then that job has not completed execution.
When bit seven is reset to zero the job has completed
it's execution. Loading the value from the previously
active job gives you the command status.

p Copyright 1988 D. w. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -129- Appendix C
 1581 Controller Status Byte

The command status is determined according to

the following chart:

Status Code Description

$00/$01 No error occurred .

$02 Cannot find header block

$03 No address mark was detected

$04 Data block was not present

$05 CRC error found in data

block

$06 Disk format error

$07 Disk verify error

$08 Write protect error (disk

was write protected)

$09 CRC error found in header

block

$0A Usage reserved

$0B Disk changed flag/Disk ID

mismatch

$0C Disk format was not logical

$0D Floppy Disk controller error

$0E Syntax error/invalid job

number

$0F No disk present in disk

drive

* * *

The following sample job queue programming

samples are located in job queue buffer number one at
$0400. They use job queue buffer number zero ($0300)
as a data buffer. The data read or written to the

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -130- Appendix C
disk involves the first sector of the directory
track. Therefore do not run these routines with an
important diskette in the drive. Use only a blank
formatted diskette for experimenting.

Command Name: READ_DV

Command Code: $80

Command Description: Reads a logical sector into the

job queue buffer.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$28 • TRK # 40

LDX #$00 ? SEC # ZERO
STA $0B ' JOB 0 TRK PARAM
STX $oc f JOB 0 SEC PARAM
LDA #$80 • JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 r job 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ' WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS • JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Command Name: WRTSD_DV

Command Code: $90

Command Description: Write the job queue buffer to

the specified track and sector.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$28 • TRK # 40

LDX #$00 ? SEC # ZERO
STA $0B • JOB 0 TRK PARAM
STX $0C r JOB 0 SEC PARAM
LDA #$90 • JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 ? JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 • WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS • JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

c Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -131- Appendix C
Command Name: WRTVER_DV

Command Code: $A0

Command Description: Verify track cache buffer data

against a logical track's data.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$28 • TRK # 40 :

LDX #$00 • SEC # ZERO
STA $0B JOB 0 TRK PARAM
STX $oc • JOB 0 SEC PARAM
LDA #$A0 i JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 ;• JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 j WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Command Name: SEEKHD_DV

Command Code: $B0

Command Description: Log in a disk by reading the

information from the first
header found. Does not update
the track cache buffer.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$B0 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -132- Appendix C
Command Name: RESTORE_DV

Command Code: $C0

Command Description: Bumps the Read/Write head to

track 0.

Command Example: 0400 LOA #$C0 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Command Name: JUMPC_DV

Command Code: $D0

Command Description: Executes machine language

program code in the specified
job queue buffer.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$D0 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed. The code begins to execute at
$0300 in the example above. The code to be executed
must have been previously loaded into the job queue
buffer.

* * *

Command Name: EXBUF_DV

Command Code: $E0

Command Description: Executes machine language

program code in the specified
job queue buffer, but waits
until the drive motor is on and
up to speed and the read/write
head is in place.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -133- Appendix C
Command Example: 0400 LDA #$E0 ; JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed. The code begins to execute at
$0300 in The example above. The code to be executed
must have been previously loaded into the job queue
buffer.

Command Name: RESET_DV

Command Code: $82

Command Description: Resets the disk drive Controller

and RAM variables.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$82 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Command Name: MOTON_DV

Command Code: $84

Command Description: Turns on the drive spindle motor

and places a $01 in the job
queue after the spin-up
sequence is complete.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$84 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -134- Appendix C
Command Name: MOTOFF_DV

Command Code: $86

Command Description: Turns the drive spindle motor

off after the spin-down
sequence is complete.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$86 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Command Name: MOTONI_DV

Command Code: $88

Command Description: Spindle motor on immediately.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$88 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Command Name: MOTOFFI_DV

Command Code: $8A

Command Description: Spindle motor off immediately.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$8A ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -135- Appendix C
Command Name: SEEK_DV

Command Code: $8C

Command Description: Looks for a particular physical

track (or cylinder). The
current physical track is in
memory at $0027.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$27 PHYSICAL TRK 27

LDY #$00 SIDE 0
STA $01BC SET PHYSICAL TRK
STY $01CE SET DISK SIDE
LDA #$8C JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Command Name: FORMAT DV

Command Code: $8E

Command Description: Physical track format (formats

half a cylinder) read/write
head must be over the track to
be formatted and the side must
be selected.

Command Example: ; POSITION THE READ/WRITE HEAD

0400 LDA #$27 PHYSICAL TRK 27

LDY #$00 SIDE 0
STA $01BC SET PHYSICAL TRK
STY $01CE SET DISK SIDE
LDA #$8C JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP

FORMAT THE PHYSICAL TRK CURRENTLY

UNDER THE READ/WRITE HEAD

LDA #$8E ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -136- Appendix C
MOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when
the job is completed.

* * ♦

Command Name: DISKIN_DV

Command Code: $92

Command Description: Checks to see if a disk is

inserted into the drive.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$92 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed. If the status byte is anything
other then $00 or $01 then no disk is in the disk
drive.

* * *

Command Name: LEDACTON_DV

Command Code: $94

Command Description: Turn on the drive activity LED.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$94 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -137- Appendix C
Command Name: LEDACTOFF_DV

Command Code: $96

Command Description: Turn off the drive activity LED.

Command Example: 0400 LDA

#$96 ; JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Command Name: ERRLEDONJDV

Command Code: $98

Command Description: Turn on the drive error LED

(blinking).

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$98 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

Command Name: ERRLEDOFF_DV

Command Code: $9A

Command Description: Turn off the drive error LED

(not blinking).

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$9A ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

° Copyright 1988 D. w. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -138- Appendix C
Command Name: SIDE_DV

Command Code: $9C

Command Description: Sets the side select electronics

to the value specified in the
current job queue side
parameter.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$00 ; SIDE 0

STA $01CE ; SET SIDE JOB 0
LDA #$9C ; JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

Command Name: BUFMOVE_DV

Command Code: $9E

Command Description: Moves data between the job queue

buffers and the track cache
buffer.

Command Example: Not available

NOTE: This command does not function as described in

the 1581 User's Guide. Repeated attempts to use this
command resulted in no action by the drive to copy
anything anywhere. The User Guide's instructions on
how to use this command are either faulty or the
command itself does not work.

Substitute: The following machine language programs

can be used to copy data to and from a
job queue buffer and the track cache
buffer.

; COPY DATA FROM JOB QUEUE BUFFER

; TO TRK CACHE BUFFER

0400 LDY #$00

LOOP LDA $0300,Y ; JOB 0 BUFFER
STA $0C00,Y ; TRK CACHE
INY
CPY #$00
BNE LOOP

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -139- Appendix C
 RTS

COPY DATA FROM THE TRK CACHE

BUFFER TO THE JOB QUEUE BUFFER

0400 LDY #$00

LOOP LDA $OCOO,Y TRK CACHE
STA $0300,Y JOB 0 BUFFER
INY
CPY #$00
BNE LOOP
RTS

* * *

Command Name: TRKWRT_DV

Command Code: $A2

Command Description: Dumps the track cache buffer to

disk if the track cache
modified flag is set.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$A2 JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Command Name: SPJREAD

Command Code: $A4

Command Description: Reads the selected physical

sector into drive RAM at $0300
in buffer number 0. The track
cache is not used and the
sector is always read from the
disk.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$27 PHYSICAL TRK 0

LDX #$01 PHYSICAL SEC 0
LDY #$00 SIDE 0
STA $0B SET PHYSICAL TRK
STX $0C SET PHYSICAL SEC
STY $01CE SET DISK SIDE
LDA #$A4 JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC

° Copyright 1988 D. w. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -140- Appendix C
 LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed. The contents of $0B/$0C are
copied to $01BC/$01BD when the command is executed.

Command Name: SP_WRITE

Command Code: $A6

Command Description: Writes the selected physical

sector from drive RAM at $0300
in buffer number 0. The track
cache is not used.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$27 PHYSICAL TRK 0

LDX #$01 PHYSICAL SEC 0
LDY #$00 SIDE 0
STA $0B SET PHYSICAL TRK
STX $0C SET PHYSICAL SEC
STY $01CE SET DISK SIDE
LDA #$A6 JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed. The contents of $0B/$0C are
copied to $01BC/$01BD when the command is executed.

* * *

Command Name: PSEEK_DV

Command Code: $A8

Command Description: Seeks the selected physical

track.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$27 PHYSICAL TRK 0

LDX #$01 PHYSICAL SEC 0
LDY #$00 SIDE 0
STA $0B SET PHYSICAL TRK
STX $0C SET PHYSICAL SEC
STY $01CE SET DISK SIDE
LDA #$A8 JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 WAIT TIL JOBS DONE

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -141- Appendix C
 BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed. The contents of $OB/$OC are
copied to $01BC/$01BD when the command is executed.

* * *

Command Name: TREAD_DV

Command Code: $AA

Command Description: Reads a logical address without

transfer to the buffer used by
the job queue.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$28 LOGICAL TRK 28

LDX #$01 LOGICAL SEC 0
LDY #$00 SIDE 0
STA $0B SET LOGICAL TRK
STX $0C SET LOGICAL SEC
STY $01CE SET DISK SIDE
LDA #$AA JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.
* * *

Command Name: TWRT_DV

Command Code: $AC

Command Description: Writes a logical address without

transfer to the buffer used by
the job queue.

Command Example: 0400

LDA #$28 LOGICAL TRK 28
LDX #$00 LOGICAL SEC 0
LDY #$00 SIDE 0
STA $0B SET LOGICAL TRK
STX $0C SET LOGICAL SEC
STY $01CE SET DISK SIDE
LDA #$AC JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS JOB COMPLETED

° Copyright 1988 D. W, Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -142- Appendix C
NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when
the job is completed.

Command Name: TPREAD_DV

Command Code: $B2

Command Description: Reads a physical address without

transfer to the buffer used by
the job queue.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$27 • PHYSICAL TRK 27

LDX #$01 • PHYSICAL SEC 1
LDY #$00 ' SIDE 0
STA $0B • SET PHYSICAL TRK
$0C
STX • SET PHYSICAL SEC
$01CE
STY ,• SET DI3K SIDE
LDA #$B2 • JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 • JOB 0
COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ,• WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed. The contents of $0B/$0C are
copied to $01BC/$01BD when the command is executed.

Command Name: TPWRT_DV

Command Code: $B4

Command Description: Writes a physical address

without transfer to the buffer
used by the job queue.

Coi nd Example: 0400 LDA #$27 PHYSICAL TRK 27

LDX #$01 PHYSICAL SEC 1
LDY #$00 SIDE 0
STA $0B SET PHYSICAL TRK
STX $0C SET PHYSICAL SEC
STY $01CE SET DISK SIDE
LDA #$B4 JOB 0 COMMAND
STA $02 JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed. The contents of $0B/$0C are

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -143- Appendix C
copied to $0lBC/$01BD when the command is executed.

Command Name: DETWP_DV

Command Code: $B6

Command Description: Checks to see if the disk in the

drive is write protected.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$B6 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed. The status byte returns $08 is
the disk is write protected, otherwise it returns a
$00.

Command Name: FORMATDK_DV

Command Code: $F0

Command Description: Formats a diskette using the

default physical format.

Command Example: 0400 LDA #$F0 ; JOB 0 COMMAND

STA $02 ; JOB 0 COMMAND EXEC
LOOP LDA $02 ; WAIT TIL JOBS DONE
BMI LOOP
RTS ; JOB COMPLETED

NOTE: The accumulator contains the status byte when

the job is completed.

* * *

Another aspect of programming the 1581 disk

drive is Commodore's "Kernal11 jump table in the 1581
Operating System ROMs. The jump table provides a
permanent bridge to the major DOS routines that will
not change from one version of the DOS to the next.

Commodore recommends their use, since direct ROM

calls may not be compatible with future DOS releases.
The jump table provides a way of keeping programs
compatible with the current version of the 1581 DOS
and any future revisions. It is good programming
practice to use the jump table.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -144- Appendix C
 DOS Kernal Jump Table

The jump table and

below:

NAME LOCATION DESCRIPTION

JIDLE $FFOO Main idle loop. Waits

for disk activity.

JIRQ $FF03 DOS interrupt routine.

An interrupt occurs
when any of the
following occur:

ATN goes low, Fast

serial byte is
shifted in,
timeout on a timer
and the execution
of a B R K
instruction.

JNMI $FF06 This command does a

"soft" reset. Defaults
are restored. Autoboot
file is executed if
present, RAM and ROM
checksums are done,
and the device
number switches are
read.

JVERDIR $FF09 DOS VALIDATE command

JINTDRV $FFOC DOS INITIALIZE command

JPART $FFOF DOS PARTITION command

JMEM $FF12 DOS MEMORY commands

JBLOCK $FF15 DOS BLOCK commands

JUSER $FF18 DOS USER commands

JRECORD $FF1B DOS RECORD command

JUTLLODR $FF1E DOS UTILITY LOADER

command

JDSKCPY $FF21 DOS COPY command

JRENAME $FF24 DOS RENAME command

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -145- Appendix C
 NAME LOCATION DESCRIPTION

JSCRTCH $FF27 DOS SCRATCH command

JNEW $FF2A DOS NEW/FORMAT command

ERROR $FF2D DOS controller error

handler

JATNSRV $FF3O ATN server for the

serial bus

JTALK $FF33 Talk routine for the

serial bus

JLISTEN $FF36 Listen routine for the

serial bus

JLCC $FF39 DOS controller routine

JTRANS TS $FF3C Translation routine for

logical to physical
sector translations

CMDERR $FF3F Handles DOS errors

JSTROBE_CTRLER $FF54 Call the job controller

directly

JCBMBOOT $FF57 CBM Autoloader routine

JCBMBOOTRTN $FF5A Routine to return from

the autoloader with
the autoloader
disabled (stops the
autoloader from doing
an endless repeat).

JSIGNATURE $FF5D ROM signature analysis

routine

JDEJAVU $FF60 Switch for autoloader

boot on initialization
or burst
inquire/query. Calling
this routine with the
carry flag set turns
the autoloader on.
Clearing the carry
flag turns the
autoloader off.

° Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -146- Appendix C
JSPINOUT $FF63 Sets up the fast
serial direction as
input or output.
Calling this routine
with the carry flag
sets the serial
direction as output.
If the carry flag is
cleared then the
serial direction is
set as input.

JALLOCBUFF $FF66 Routine to allocate RAM

buffers. Call this
routine with the
buffer number to
allocate in the A
register. (1. = buffer
0, etc.)

SETFORMAT $FF69 Routine to setup

variables for normal
disk format.

DUMPTRK $FF6C Routine to dump the

track cache to
diskette.

• Copyright 1988 D. W. Martin All Rights Reserved.

The 1581 DOS Reference Guide -147- Appendix C
~

*
w

to

■w

If