Norman Ernest Borlaug
He was an American agronomist who developed semi-dwarf, high-
yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties in Mexico.
During the mid-20th century, Borlaug led the introduction of these
high-yielding varieties combined with modern agricultural
production techniques to Mexico, Pakistan, and India.
Father of Green Revolution
As a result, Mexico became a net exporter of wheat by 1963.
Between 1965 and 1970, wheat yields nearly doubled in Pakistan
and India, greatly improving the food security in those nations
His initiatives contributed to the extensive increases in agricultural
production termed the Green Revolution.
Borlaug was awarded multiple honors for his work, including
the Nobel Peace Prize, the Presidential Medal of Freedom and
the Congressional Gold Medal.
Borlaug's work was called a "Green Revolution“ by William Gaud in
1968
In March 1962, a few of these strains of Borlaug were grown in the
fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute in Pusa, New
Delhi,8/19/2023
India. Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
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DEI, Agra
Green Revolution in India
In May 1962, M. S. Swaminathan, a member of IARI's wheat program, requested for the visit of Borlaug
to India and to obtain a wide range of dwarf wheat seed possessing the Norin 10 dwarfing genes.
In March 1963, Borlaug and Dr. Robert Glenn Anderson visited to India to start his work in India.
He supplied 100 kg of seed from each of the four most promising strains to the IARI in October 1963, and
test plots were subsequently planted at Delhi, Ludhiana, Pant Nagar, Kanpur, Pune and Indore
In 1965, after extensive testing, Borlaug's team, under Anderson, began its effort by importing about
200 tons of Lerma Rojo 64 and Sonora 64 semi-dwarf seed varieties
Since the 1960s, food production in country has increased faster than the rate of population growth.
Wheat yields increased from 12.3 million tons in 1965 to 20.1 million tons in 1970.
By 1974, India was self-sufficient in the production of all cereals.
By 2000, India was harvesting a record 76.4 million tons of wheat.
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
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• The Intensive 1960 Provision of seed,
development of Agriculture fertilizer, agricultural
high-yielding Development machinery, and credit
varieties of food Programme facility for farmers
(IADP)
grains,
Five major especially
Intensive 1964 Development of
socio- wheat and rice; Agriculture Area specified crop in an
technological
innovations • The land Programme area
responsible consolidation; (IAAP)
for Green
Revolution: • The private tube
well irrigation; High Yielding 1966 Increasing
Variety productivity of food
• Mechanization;
Programme grains by growing
• Use of chemical (HYVP) high yielding varieties
fertilizers and
pesticides.
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
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DEI, Agra
Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan
Indian geneticist known as "Father of Green Revolution in India“ for his role in
India's Green Revolution, a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat
and rice were planted.
He is the founder of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation.
Chairman, National Commission on Farmers (2004 – 2014)
Member of Parliament (Rajya Sabha) Director General of the Indian
Council of Agricultural Research
(1972 to 1979 )
He is an advocate of moving India to sustainable development, especially using
environmentally sustainable agriculture, sustainable food security and the
preservation of biodiversity, which he calls an "evergreen revolution Principal Secretary, Ministry of
Agriculture (1979 to 1980).
First world food price (1987)
Director General,
Padma Vibhushan (1989)
the International Rice Research
Institute (1982–88)
Ramon Magsaysay Award (1971) President, International Union
for the Conservation of Nature
and Natural Resources (1988)
Shanti8/19/2023
Swarup Bhatnagar Award (1961) Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
44
DEI, Agra
Unit 5
Brief Description of Rural
Development Programmes
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
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DEI, Agra
SN Programme Year Objectives
1 Community Development 1952 Complete development of rural areas
Programme (CDP) with the participation of rural
peoples
2 Intensive Agriculture 1960 Provision of seed, fertilizer,
Development Programme agricultural machinery, and credit
(IADP) facility for farmers
3 Intensive Agriculture Area 1964 Development of specified crop in an
Programme (IAAP) area
4 High Yielding Variety 1966 Increasing productivity of food
Programme (HYVP) grains by growing high yielding
varieties
5 Deen Dayal Upadhyaya 1978 Self-employment programme to raise
Antyodaya Yojana the income-generation capacity of
target groups among the poor. The
scheme has been merged with
8/19/2023 another
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
DEI, Agra
scheme named
46
Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar
SN Propgramme Year Objective
6 National Rural 1980 Provision of employment opportunities
Employment for rural poor
Programme (NREP)
7 Development of Women 1982 Provision of self–employment
and Children in Rural opportunities for women candidates
Area (DWCRA) belonging to families living below poverty
line
8 Rural Landless 1983 Provision of employment for landless
Employment Guarantee peoples
Programme (RLEGP)
9 National Fund for Rural 1984 Provision of fund for rural development
Development (NFRD) programmes
100% tax relief for contribution in NFRD
10 Pradhan Mantri Gramin 1985 Provides financial assistance for
(Restructured
Aawas Yojana on 25 June
constructing their houses themselves
2015)
11 Jawahar Rozgar YojanaDr. Akhilesh
8/19/2023 1989Kumar, Department
Provision of employment for unemployed
of Botany,
47
DEI, Agra
(JRY) rural youths
SN Propgramme Year Objective
12 Kisan Credit Card 1998- Providing credit to the agriculture sector,
(KCC) 99 including small farmers (Rs10,000 per acre,
subject to an upper limit of Rs100,000)
13 Indira Awash Yojana 1999 Development of new residential units in rural
(IAY) areas. Subsidy for building Pakka house in
place of Kachcha and Adhapakka houses to
the members of Schedule Cast and Scheduled
Tribe
14 Swarn Jayanti Gram 1999 Provision of self-employment in rural areas to
Swarojgar Yojana eliminate poverty and unemployment
15 Pradhanmantri 2000 Development of basic infrastructure facilities
Gramodaya Yojana in rural areas
16 Pradhanmantri 2000 Pakka road for every village
Gram Sadak Yojana
17 Sampoorn Grameen 2001 Development of social and economic
Rozgar Yojana
8/19/2023
Dr. Akhilesh infrastructure In rural areas, Food security,
Kumar, Department of Botany,
48
DEI, Agra
Employment opportunities in rural areas
SN Propgramme Year Objective
18 Kasturba Gandhi 2004 Educational facilities (residential schools) for
Balika Vidyalaya girls belonging to SC, ST, OBC, minority
communities and families below the poverty line
(BPL) in educationally backward blocks.
19 Bharat nirmaan 2005 Development of infrastructure facilities
programme including irrigation, clean drinking water,
residence, road, telephone and in rural areas
20 National rural 2006 Provision of at least 100 days employment in rural
employment are
Guarantee Act (now
Mahatma Gandhi
National rural
employment
Guarantee Act
(MANREGA)
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
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DEI, Agra
SN Propgramme Year Objective
21 Gramin Bhandaran 2007 Creation of scientific storage capacity with allied
Yojana facilities in rural areas to meet the requirements of
farmers for storing farm produce, processed farm
produce and agricultural inputs. Improve their
marketability through promotion of grading,
standardization and quality control of agricultural
produce.
22 National livelihood 2009- Poverty elimination by income enhancement through
mission 10 creation of employment facilities and self-
employment in rural area
23 Pradhanmantri 2010 Complete development villages inhibited by rural
adarsh gram Yojana people
24 Deen Dayal 25/09/ adding diversity to the incomes of rural poor families
Upadhyaya Grameen 2014 and cater to the career aspirations of rural youth.
Kaushalya Yojana Transform rural poor youth into an economically
(DDU-GKY) independent and globally relevant workforce
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
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DEI, Agra
SN Propgramme Year Objective
25 National Rurban 2016 To stimulate local economic development, enhance
Mission (NRuM) basic services, and create well planned Rurban
clusters.
26 Deen Dayal 2017 Promotion of self employment in rural areas
Upadyay gram
swarojgaar Yojana
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
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DEI, Agra
Thank You
Dr. Akhilesh Kumar, Department of Botany,
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DEI, Agra
