1.

Introduction
Cattle feed produced is a balanced source of essential nutrients required for body maintenance,
growth and milk production. It is manufactured using good quality grains, oil cakes/ meals,
brans, molasses, common salt, minerals and vitamins. It is comparatively cheaper and highly
palatable to the animals.

Figure 1: Cattle Feed

 Cattle feed contains protein, energy, minerals and vitamins required for the growth,
maintenance and milk production of animals. It is advantageous to feed extra cattle
feed to pregnant animals for proper development of foetus.
 It increases reproductive efficiency, milk production as well as fat content of milk.
 Growing animals should be fed 1 to 1.5 kg of compound cattle feed daily.
 Milking animals should be fed 2 kg of compound cattle feed for body maintenance
and additional 400 g to cows and 500 g to buffaloes for every litre of milk produced.
 In addition to this quantity, 1 kg compound cattle feed and 1 kg good quality oil cake
should also be given to pregnant animals during the last two months of pregnancy.

1.1. Global Sector

The cattle feed is produced in more than 130 countries globally and is one of the most
important components of the animal rearing as it adds considerable cost to the
production system. The type of feed production varies across various regions and largely
depends on the animal population and their economic importance in the region. Feed
requirement of the animals also vary with the purpose of rearing it, including meat, egg
and milk production. The industry makes a significant contribution to the economic and
nutritional well -being of millions of people globally.

In the Dairy industry, feed can be categorized into two broad sectors - fodder and forage.
Fodder includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils, mixed rations,
sprouted grains, and legumes. Forage is plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems)
eaten by grazing livestock. Household food residues and the by-products of food
processing industries constitute the traditional sources of animal feed. Compound feed is
blended from various raw materials and additives and are available in the form of pellets
or crumbles. The key ingredients used in compounded feeds are the feed grains, which
include corn, soybeans, sorghum, oats, barley and premixes.
The top 10 major countries contributing to 62% of global production of animal feed as on
2014 is graphically presented in the exhibit below:

Figure 2: Top 10 animal feed producing countries

China topped the list as the leading producer of feed with 182.69 million MT followed by
USA and Brazil at 172.45 million MT and 66.15 million MT respectively. India ranked
5th in the list with the contribution of 29.43 million MT accounting for 3% of global feed
production2. The feed mills are predominantly located in Asia and North America with a
contribution of almost 66% of feed production and average tonnage of 25,519 and 28,395
respectively. The total average tonnage at global level has been 31,571 with Middle East
 boasting to have largest feed mills by average tonnage of 85,938 per year. About 60 -
percent of all feed produced is pelleted, and this is even more prevalent in Europe. The
region wise contribution to total number of feed mills is shown in Exhibit below.

Figure 3: Region wise contribution to feed mills

One of the key challenges is that out of the total global feed production; almost 31% is
being produced directly by on-farm mixing. This poses safety and quality issues since
the food safety authorities do not regularly inspect the production practices and the
regulatory authorities only inspect when there is a problem.

1.2. India Scenario

India is one of the largest and fastest growing cattle feed markets in the world with poultry,
aqua and dairy industries occupying the major share in overall feed demand. Cattle feed
manufacturing on a commercial and scientific basis started around 1965 in India with the
setting up of medium-sized feed plants in northern and western India to cater to the needs
of dairy cattle sector. In India, at present, cattle accounts for 7.5 million tons, poultry
industry consumes around 13 MT of the feed with soy meal and corn being the prime
consumables.
The Indian animal feed industry, which is currently at USD 15 Billion, is poised to double
and touch USD 20 Billion by 2020. Indian cattle feed industry is growing at a CAGR of
8%. With this growth rate, India will soon become the largest feed market in the coming
years. The feed industry requirements that are met with the compound feed are only 11%
for cattle, 14% for aqua feed and 55% for poultry feed.
 Feed Market

Cattle Poultry Aqua Other

(Pigs, etc
Figure 4: Type of Feed Market
The seafood sector is also witnessing a growth of 6% annually in production of
aquaculture. Simultaneously, Indian dairy sector has also been growing at a rate of 4%
annually. Growth in these sectors has pushed up the demand for compound feed by 50%.
India's demand for compound feed is expected to raise 28 million MT by 2017 -18.
Cattle feed industry in India is gradually evolving into an organized sector and the feed
manufactures are increasingly using modern and sophisticated methods that seek to
incorporate best global practices.
The major drivers for the growing demand for cattle feed are:

► Shrinkage of open land for cattle grazing, urbanization and resultant shortage of
conventionally used cattle feeds.
► Introduction of high yield cattle requiring specialized feeds.

More recently, farmers have revealed optimistic growth prospects of branded cattle feed
industry with the increasing feed consumption pattern and relatively high share of
branded feeds, feed consumption pattern based on product types (like, pellet and mash).
Despite the promising growth prospects of this industry, a vast majority of feed production
is highly fragmented, composed mostly of home and custom mixers.
Some research studies shows that farmers have revealed the good growth prospects of the
branded cattle feed industry. the feed consumption pattern and the relatively high share of
branded feeds, feed consumption pattern based on product types (like, pellet and mash),
composition of cattle feed market and the relatives hares of major brands, the major factors
influencing the purchasing decisions etc. As a continuation of the earlier studies, this study
makes a closer look into the exact nature of the growth potential of the market from a
macro perspective, feedback from the field study with dealers and industry experts and
relative significance of factors influencing buying decisions.
The poultry industry has grown at an annual growth rate of 8% from 2002 to around 2016.
The seafood sector is also witnessing a growth of 6% annually in production of
aquaculture. Simultaneously, Indian dairy sector has also been growing at a rate of 4%
annually. Growth in these sectors has pushed up the demand for compound feed by 50%.
India's demand for compound feed is expected to rise to 28 million MT by 2019 -20. So
far the Indian animal feed market is expected to grow with 15% annual growth.

Figure 5: Projected Market Size

Figure 6: Structure of Indian feed market

2. Project Objective
Every cattle farmer is concerned about the overall health of their livestock for good
reason. There are innumerable threats to the health of a large group of animals. In
particular, ruminant animals, such as cattle, are especially susceptible to the problems
that arise from a poor or imbalanced diet. As a result, many cattle farmers rely on the
use of cattle supplements to ensure their herds stay healthy and productive.
Like all good feed products, cattle supplements offer exceptional benefits to both
farmers and cattle feed manufacturers. It’s generally accepted that cattle supplements
are an essential aspect of maintaining a healthy herd of cattle. Health plays a major role
in the overall value of cattle. Everything from milk production, auction value, meat
quality, and birthing is impacted by diet and nutrition.
Basic Information about Cattle Supplements
Cattle supplement and feed additives are ingredients or a combination of ingredients
added to the basal feed in micro quantities. Feed additives are ingredients or
combination of ingredients added to the basal feed in micro quantities for the purpose
of improving the rate of gain, feed efficiency or preventing and controlling diseases.
Many livestock operations use cattle supplements in one form or another, but they are
especially popular with dairy farmers and beef producers. Indeed, Beef Magazine even
notes that “the practicality of using commercial supplements has significant monetary
value”. This is in large part because cattle supplements are extremely easy to purchase,
store, and safely distribute to livestock.
Some cattle supplements come in the form of pellets. The pellets are easy to mix into
the feed that the animals are accustomed to eating.
Need for feed :
Farmers and feed manufacturers in the livestock industry understand that ensuring a
proper diet for animals can sometimes involve a war of wills. Why? Because while
cows don’t have the ability to determine whether they’re consuming the nutrients they
need, they do have tendencies to like or dislike certain feeds. Thus, it falls to the
livestock manager to find ways to encourage herds to consume the nutrients they need
to stay healthy.
As a general rule of thumb, feed intake of mature cattle usually follows two forms:
1. Non-lactating cattle gaining about 800g daily eat dry matter equivalent to 2% of their
body weight.
2. Lactating cows eat dry matter equivalent to 3.2 % of their body weight.
More frequent feedings tend to result in a highly productive herds. The best cattle
supplements will include flavours and other features that enhance the palatability of
feed.
The necessity for cattle supplements often depends on the average age of your herd.
Younger cattle tend to require help receiving the optimal amount of protein, while older
livestock sometimes have difficulty consuming enough feed for optimal energy levels.
Accordingly, the supplements that your cattle receive will vary depending on their
needs.
Nutritional feed supplements includes enzyme supplements and organic minerals,
including the following:
 Calcium
 Phosphorous
 Magnesium
 Selenium
 Vitamin A
 Vitamin D
 Vitamin E
3. Apart from this there are various locations in India which face scarcity of water
throughout the year. Farming under such circumstance becomes difficulty and
uncertain. With no other option for sustaining, farmers lean towards Cattle Farming.
And for increasing productivity, protein and vitamin rich feed is a must! And hence it
is essential for making sure cattle farmers have a ready access to as much cattle feed as
required.

Plans for Distribution:

Our aim is to provide Cattle Farmers with a cheap, good quality and healthy option for their
cattle by manufacturing good quality cattle feed and making it available at cheaper cost.
Our aim is to sell Direct to Consumer on subscription models(if possible), wholesale and
retail, plus creating tie-ups with dairies to sell our products to their vendors. We would have
our own marketing team who would try to push our products on the shelves at a slightly
lower prices but still keeping enough margins for us to sustain over the long run.
 3. SWOT Analysis
AREA CURRENT SITUATION FUTURE
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
MARKET 1) Steady local demand 1) Market is 1) Farmer’s increasing 1) Increasing
for cattle feed slightly interest towards cattle competition.
products.
competitive. farming as an extra 2) Inflation.
2) 4-5 milk Dairies in
2) Fluctuating rates source of income. 3) Cash Flow
the village.
3) Plant located a few of Raw Material. 2) Feed a must factor
kilometers from the 3) has a customer for increase in Milk.
highway. acquisition cost. 3) Increasing Demand
4) Presence of a large
number of buying
houses in the region.
TECHNOL 1) Well-known, tested 1) Conventional 1) Exposure to better 1) Faster technology
and economic Machineries. cattle Feed obsolescence.
OGY/ processes.
2) Requires manufacturing 2) Increase in
PRODUCT 2) Automatic
occasional practices due to the awareness on quality
Machineries resulting
QUALITY maintenance. expanding footprint of certifications leading to
in less labor.
players like Cargill and loss of business given
Godrej. stringent requirement
for stricter testing
procedures.
BUSINESS 1) Steady growth in 1) Maintaining 1) Exporting to various 1) Change in policies
domestic demand. positive cashflow. countries and and regulatory
ENVIRON 2) Multiple Govt.
2) Finding & expanding into various environment.
MENT schemes with large
financial incentives Identifying the ideal sectors in the animal 2) Increase in rate of
base being proposed government feed business. raw material.
for this sector.
schemes.

Table 1 : SWOT Analysis

4. Quality Control and FSMS plan
Quality control in livestock feed plant is of utmost importance for overall success and
profitability of livestock enterprises. No other factor, directly or indirectly related to
proper nutrition and high performance of animals is more critical than feed quality
control and ration consistency. The relationship between feed quality and animal
performance is important and encompasses not only the quantitative amounts of all feed
components but also the digestibility and metabolism of those components. Quality
control of incoming ingredients is crucial to predicting the quality of a finished feed. A
large number of raw materials are considered for the production of livestock feed, based
on their chemical composition and current price structure. The processing techniques,
such as oil extraction, polishing etc., are the factors, which affect the composition of
raw materials. Adulteration of raw materials is also quite common. Hence, it is essential
to observe strict quality control measures for the purchase of raw materials.
4.1 Sampling
Since the samples form the base for analysis, utmost attention should be taken in
drawing out samples. It is generally found that the raw materials supplied are not of
uniform quality. It is also common to note that some suppliers send the consignments
with good quality materials in the periphery of gunny bag and inferior material in the
centre. Hence, the sample should be drawn from the centre as well as from the periphery
of the gunny bags. It is better to draw samples from all the bags (100 percent sampling)
as far as possible. 100 percent sampling proves to be an efficient system for detecting
adulteration during the receipt of material. Every consignment should be given a
separate code number so that it can be recorded for analysis, reporting and issuing. In
India, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has laid down the following procedures and
precautions for collecting the samples for analysis:
4.1.1 General requirements of sampling
In drawing, preparing, storing and handling samples, care should be taken that the
properties of feeds are not affected.
Take a sample at a protected place not exposed to damp air, dust or soot.
The sampling instrument shall be clean, dry and sterile when used.
Protect the samples, the sampling instrument and containers for samples from
adventitious contamination.
Preserve samples in clean, dry and sterile containers. The sample containers shall be of
such a size that they are almost completely filled by the sample.
Each container shall be sealed air-tight with a stopper or a suitable closer after filling
in such a way that it is not possible to open and reseal it without detection. Market full
details of sampling i.e. the date of sampling, batch or code number, the name of the
manufacturer and other important particulars of the consignment.
The sample shall be stored in sample storage room (Fig. 1.1) in such a manner that there
is no deterioration of the material.
Sampling shall be done by a person agreed to between the purchaser and the vendor
and if desired by any of them, in the presence of the purchaser (or his representative)
and the vendor (or his representative).
 4.1.2 Scale of Sampling
Quantity of cattle feed of a particular type, produced under relatively similar conditions
in a day shall constitute a lot.
Samples shall be tested for each lot for ascertaining conformity of the material to the
requirements of the standard.
The number of bags to be selected from the lot shall depend on the size of the lot and
shall be in accordance with Table below
Number of bags to be selected for
sampling

Lot size No. of bags to be

selected
Up to 50 1
51 – 100 3
101 – 300 4
301 – 500 5
501 and above 7

Table 2 Number of bags to be selected for sampling

4.2 Evaluation of feeds and feed ingredients for quality

The feeds are usually subject to the following types of tests:
1. Physical evaluation
2. Chemical evaluation
4.2.1 Physical evaluation
Physical evaluation is easy but rough in nature. One must be highly trained to identify the
changes in the nature of the raw materials/ feeds.
 Colour
The appearance of the ingredient will reveal its quality. Any change in the colour of
the feed ingredients gives an indication of the maturity of the grain, storage
conditions, presence of toxins, contamination due to sand, possible use of insecticides/
fungicides which give dull and dusty appearance. Orange to the red colour of sorghum
indicates high tannin content. Browning or blackening due to heat on improper
storage reduces nutritive value.
 Size
The size of the grains governs its energy value due to the proportional
decrease/increase in seed and its coat. Smaller the grain, lower will be the
metabolizable energy (ME) value due to more proportion of coater hulls. To evaluate
the cereals, the weight of a fixed number of grains usually 100 grains or fixed volume
 is taken. A Higher weight indicates a higher ME value. This technique is called Test
Weight.
 Homogeneity
The presence of contaminants like other grains, husk, broken grains, weed seeds,
infected seeds is viewed. In the oil seed cakes, closer observation will reveal the
presence of fibrous material, especially in de-oiled groundnut cake. Rice polish is
contaminated with husk. Clumps in mineral ingredients are not suitable for premixing.
 Smell
Smell is the next best indicator. Just standing near the stock itself will immediately
indicate any difference in the normal smell. The plant manager should familiarise
himself with the normal smell of the ingredients; any change in the normal smell of
the ingredients should be viewed with suspicion. Musty odour indicates the beginning
of fungal contamination or boring insects. To detect rancidity in oil-rich feed
ingredients this is the best method. The odour of petroleum products is suggestive of
excessive pesticide or fungicides.
 Taste
Each ingredient has a different taste, any change in the taste like bitterness in grains,
soya, sunflower oil meal and groundnut cake indicates the presence of mycotoxins.
The level of salt can be detected by tasting the ingredient and the feed. The bitter taste
of rice polish indicates rancidity of fatty acids.
 Touch
Feeling the raw material will indicate dryness. Chilliness indicates high moisture
content. Clumps can be detected by inserting a hand into the bag. Clumps may be
formed due to high moisture content, improper storage, packing of fresh warm solvent
extracted meal, which crumbles on the application of light pressure. Clumps formed
due to excess of moisture will be very hard. To evaluate rice polish, place about 25g
of rice polish on the palm and close the fingers tightly and then open the fingers, the
rice polish will become like a solid mass if the crude fibre level is below 12 per cent.
If the fibre level is high, the mass will disintegrate once the fingers are opened.
Further pressure will be felt when the hand is closed in high fibre rice polish.
 Sound
Dry grains on pouring down or biting will produce the sound of spilling coins.
4.2.1.1 Common adulterants in feeds
Adulteration is defined as the admixture of a pure substance with some cheaper and low-
quality substance. It is done intentionally usually to make money. In costly feed ingredients
like oil seed cakes, adulteration is done by spraying urea in order to raise their protein
content. However, sometimes bran are also added. Besides urea, oilseed cakes are adulterated
with husk, non-edible oilseed cakes etc.
The common contaminant or adulterant is husk or sand (Table 1.2). Winnowing is the best
method to detect husk in the feedstuffs. Sieving can be done to differentiate contaminants
based on particle size.
 Table 1.2 Common adulterants of
different feed ingredients

Feed ingredients Common

adulterants
Groundnut cake Groundnut Husk,
urea, non-edible oil
cakes
Mustard cake Argemone
Mexicana seeds,
fibrous feed
ingredients, urea
Soybean meal Urea, raw soybean,
hulls
De-oiled rice bran, Ground rice husk
wheat bran saw dust
Mineral mixture Common salt, marble
powder, sand, lime
stone
Molasses Water
Maize Cobs, cob dust, sand
Rice kani Marble, grit

Table 2.1 Common adulterants of different feed ingredients

4.2.1.2 Spot tests for detection of various types of adulteration

 Mahua cake
To water extract of the test feed, add concentrated H2SO4 (sulphuric acid). Violet or
pink colour indicates the presence of mahua cake.
 Argemone seeds
To water extract of test feed, add conc. HNO3 (nitric acid). The appearance of brown-
reddish colour indicates the presence of argemone seeds.
 Detection of castor cake in feedstuffs
When feed is treated with potassium chlorate, the castor cake is destroyed and settles
down at the bottom.
 Detection of neem seed cake in feedstuffs and edible oil cakes
 The coarsely powdered feed stuff are percolated three times at room temperature with
95 per cent alcohol. The total percolate is concentrated under reduced pressure till a
thick syrupy amber coloured residue is obtained, which is treated with different
solvents to extract a crystalline product (Nimbine). It is cautiously dissolved in
concentrated sulphuric acid, the resultant brown solution changes to cherry red on the
addition of small quantity of concentrated nitric acid. The crystalline product gives a
yellow colour with tetranitromethane. An alcoholic solution of the crystalline product
shows a sky blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light.
 Detection of linseed meal in animal feeds
A small quantity of feed is treated with 1 or 2 drops of dilute sulphuric acid in a test
tube. It is sometimes necessary to add some granulated zinc and more acid. The
mouth of the test tube is covered with a disk of filter paper moistened with a drop of
reagent. Depending upon the amount of hydrogen cyanide produced a more or less
intense blue colour appears on the reagent paper. Gentle warming in a water bath is
advisable when a small quantity of cyanide is suspected.
4.2.1.3 Urea spot test
 Procedure
1. Weigh 2.5 g urease powder with small amount of distilled water, stir into a paste and
dilute to 50 ml with distilled water.
2. Rub 0.15 g bromothymol blue indicator powder in a mortar with 2.4 ml 0.1 N NaOH
(Sodium Hydroxide) solution. After indicator dissolves, wash mortar and pestle with
distilled water and dilute to 50 ml with distilled water. The solution should be green;
pH approx. 7.0.
3. Mix solution (A) and (B) in equal proportion.
4. Take 90 ml mixture solution of (C) and mix with 10 ml glycerol.
5. Pour mixture into a watch glass. Dip pieces of heavy filter paper in solution.
6. Allow drying papers in a place free from NH 3 fumes, strong air currents or heat.
7. The paper should be orange when dried.
8. Make strips of these papers and store in an amber coloured glass bottle in a cool
place.
 Testing
1. Dissolve a small quantity of feed/ feed ingredients with distilled water in a beaker.
2. Deep the strip in a beaker and allow to dry it.
3. The appearance of a blue colour indicates the presence of urea.
4.2.1.4 Identification of plant and animal protein in feed
1. Mix 1-2 g test sample with 100 ml boiling water or boil the mixture for 2-3 min. Place
a few ml of the cooled mixture in a test tube and add 5-6 drops of iodine solution. If
starch is present, the mixture turns blue.
2. Spread 1-2 g test sample into a petri dish. Add 5-6 drops of iodine solution and let
stands for 10 min. A purple-brown colour indicated the presence of plant fibre,
whereas yellow indicated animal fibre (protein) using a microscopic examination.
4.2.1.6 Spot tests for toxic constituents
 Nitrates
 Reagents
1. Diphenylamine
2. Concentrated sulphuric acid
3. Distilled water
  Procedure
1. Place the material to be tested in a white spot plate. Add 2 to 3 crystals of
diphenylamine and a drop of water. Add a drop of concentrated sulphuric acid.
 Positive results
1. The presence of nitrate will produce a deep blue colour.

 Cyanogenic glycosides (HCN) in feeds

 Procedure
1. Prepare sodium picrate paper by dipping strips of filter paper into 1% picric acid
solution and dry. Again dip it into 10% Na2CO3 solution and dry. Store these papers
in a stoppered bottle.
2. Take a small amount of ground feed sample in a test tube. Insert a piece of moist
sodium picrate paper in a tube, taking care that it does not come in contact with the
sample. Add few drops of CHCl3 (chloroform) and stopper tube tightly.
 Results
1. If cyanogenic glycosides present in the feed, sodium picrate paper gradually turns
orange, then brick red.
Note: Test is delicate and rapidity of change in colour depends upon the amount of
free HCN present. This test works well with fresh plant materials but relatively less
sensitive to dry substances, particularly ground.

 Aflatoxin
 Reagents
1. Methanol
2. N-hexane
3. Benzene
4. Anhydrous sodium sulphate
5. Green basic cupric carbonate
 Procedure
1. Take 100 g of dry ground sample in a mixer and add 300 ml of a solvent methanol:
water (7:3). Mix the content at a higher speed for 5 minutes. Allow to settle and then
filter through a double layer of muslin cloth using a vacuum. Take 100 to 150 ml
liquid filtrate in a separating funnel. Add 30 ml benzene and shake for one minute and
add 200 ml distilled water. Allow to settle and discard lower layer. Place the upper
layer into a beaker and evaporate to complete dryness. Re-suspend in 0.5 ml benzene.
Spot 50 μl on Whatman filter paper No. 4. Allow the spot to dry and place it under a
long wave UV light.
 Results
1. Development of a blue fluorescence colour on it clearly indicates that the sample
contains aflatoxins. This method can detect aflatoxins at 10 to 15 ppb.
4.2.1.7 Other tests
 Salt (NaCl)
 Reagents
1. Silver nitrate solution (5per cent)•
2. Nitric acid solution (1:2)•
3. Ammonium hydroxide solution (1:1)•
4. Standard sodium chloride solution (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent).
 Procedure
1. Weigh 1 g of feed sample and add 100 ml of distilled water. Stir and filter through
Whatman filter paper no. 4. Take 1 ml of above feed solution and 8 ml of nitric acid
solution in a test tube. Stir and add 1 ml of silver nitrate solution. Similarly add 1 ml
standard solution (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 per cent) in a different test tube and add 1 ml of
silver nitrate solution. Compare the test sample with the standard sample. The test
should be read within 5 minutes.12
 Positive results
1. The presence of salt will produce a white turbidity.

 Meat cum bone meal and leather meal (in case of Poultry feed)
 Reagents
1. Ammonium molybdate solution: Dissolve 5 g of ammonium molybdate in 100 ml of
distilled water and add into 35 ml concentrated nitric acid.
 Procedure
1. Place few feed particles in a petri dish. Add 3 to 5 drops of ammonium molybdate and
let it stand for 5 to 10 minutes.
 Positive results
1. The presence of meat cum bone meal will produce a greenish yellow colour. Leather
meal gives no colour change.

 Blood (in case of Poultry feed)

 Reagents
1. Solution A: Dissolve 1 g of N, N-dimethylaniline in 100 ml of acetic acid and 150 ml
of distilled water.
2. Acetic acid
3. Hydrogen peroxide (3 percent)
 Procedure
1. Place a few particles of feed sample on a slide. Mix 4 parts of solution A with 1 part
of 3per cent hydrogen peroxide. Add 1 to 2 drops of this solution on feed sample.13
 Positive results
1. If blood is present, a dark green colour will develop around the feed particles. Low
magnification stereo microscope can be used to observe the colour.
5. Statutory Clearances
5.1. Local Body NOC
5.2. MPCB Consent
5.4. Land Ownership and NA Papers
6. Quotations
6.1 Machineries
6.2. Electrical
6.3. Civil and Architectural
7. Details of management and Shareholding pattern