Data type
• In computer programming, a data type is a classification that
specifies which type of value a variable can hold and what
operations can be performed on that value.
• Integer (int): Represents whole numbers without any
decimal points.
Example: int x = 5;
• Float (float) and Double (double): Represent numbers
with decimal points. The main difference is in their
precision, with double having higher precision.
Example: float y = 3.14;
• Character (char): Represents a single character, such as a
letter or a symbol.
Example: char c = 'A';
• String (string): Represents a sequence of characters.
Example: string text = "Hello, World!";
• Array: Represents a collection of elements of the same data
type.
Example: int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
Variable
• In computer programming, a variable is a named storage
location that can hold a value.
• Variables are fundamental to programming because they
allow developers to store and manipulate data in their
programs.
Declaration:
• Syntax: data_type variable_name;
Initialization:
• Syntax: data_type variable_name = value;
Assignment:
• Variables can be assigned values using the assignment
operator (=).
Naming Rules:
• Variable names must follow certain rules, depending on the
programming language.
• Typically, they can include letters, numbers, and
underscores, but they cannot start with a number.
Data Types:
• Variables have types (e.g., int, double, string), which
determine the kind of data they can store.
Constant
• A constant is a value that cannot be altered or modified
during the execution of a program.
• Constants are used to represent fixed values that remain the
same throughout the program's execution.
• They provide a way to make code more readable,
maintainable, and to avoid magic numbers.
C-Tokens
A token is the smallest unit in the source code. Tokens can be
classified into several types.
Here are some common C tokens:
• Keywords:
• Keywords are reserved words that have special meanings in
C. Examples include int, float, if, for, while, etc.
• Identifiers:
• Identifiers are names given to various program elements,
such as variables, functions, arrays, etc. They must begin
with a letter or underscore, followed by letters, digits, or
underscores.
• Constants:
• Constants represent fixed values. There are different types
of constants, including:
▪ Integer constants (e.g., 10, -5)
▪ Floating-point constants (e.g., 3.14, -0.5)
▪ Character constants (e.g., 'A', '5')
▪ String constants (e.g., "Hello, World!")
• String Literals:
• Strings enclosed in double quotes, like "Hello, World!".
• Operators:
• Operators perform operations on variables and values.
Examples include +, -, *, /, %, ==, !=, &&, ||, etc.
• Punctuation Symbols:
• Symbols such as , (comma), ; (semicolon), ( and )
(parentheses), { and } (curly braces), [ and ] (square
brackets).
