Page | 53

Henry Becquerel (1852-1908) - This IMPORTANT Birbal Sahni (1891-1949) - Famous

--SCIENTIST
French was the scientist. He discovered Botanist, he did a decisive research on
radioactivity and gamma rays. some 'fertility and structure of the
firms' under its detailed approval area.
Neil Bohr (1885-1962) - This was a
Danish scientist who had modeled the Meghnad Saha (1893-1956) -He was a
structure of the atom. He was awarded William Harvey (1578-1667) - This was world renowned scholar of physics. At
the Nobel Prize in 1922. a British doctor who had searched for the age of 30, he was appointed as
'blood transit' and had studied professor at Allahabad University. His
Henry Cavendish (1731-1810) - These experimental and practical work. important research is in thermal ion
were British scientist who searched theory and thermodynamics. His
hydrogen as a principle. Edward Jenner (1749-1823) - This was unique masterpiece is 'The Humility
an English doctor who searched for Food Hindu Science'.
James Chadwick (1891-1974) - This was smallpox vaccine.
a British scientist who, in 1932 AD, Dr. Salim Ali (1897-1987) –He was
discovered the electromagnetic atomic Joseph Liesta (1827-1912) - These were Famous natural scientists and bird
particle 'Neutron' in the composition of British surgeons and he had experts. It is also called 'Birdman' of
atom. antitishctomy surgery. Had begun. the weight. He was awarded the
Padma Vibhushan in 1976 and the
Copernicus (1473-1543) - This is from Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) - These 'Wildlife Conservation Award' in 1983.
Poland. Astronomers were the first to were British chemists who discovered
tell. That 'the earth is not stable and oxygen and developed the method of Dr. Homi Jahangir Bhabha (1909-1966)
around the sun. And revolves around. collecting gases. - Homi Jahangir Bhabha, President of
the 'Atomic Energy Commission'
Madame Marie Curie (1867-1934) - E. C. C. Routledge (1845-1923) - This formed in India in 1948. He was the
This was a scientist from Poland. Later was a German scientist who invented X- founder of Atomic Research Center
he took citizenship of France. He rays, and so is Rontgen Rays of X-rays. (later Bhabha Research Center). He was
searched for radium He got twice the also the President of the Peaceful
Nobel Prize in 1903 AD and 1911 AD. Robert Hook (1635-1703) - He first saw Experiment Conference of the first
cells in dead plant tissue and in 1665 he 'atomic energy' organized by the
John Dalton (1776-1844) - He was a called them 'cells'. They also studied the United Nations. He was also the
British scientist. He had interpreted the substance of elasticity. wearing director of the Tata Institute of
principle of atom. Also the rule of Fundamental Research (FIFR).
'multiplier ratio'. They had only been Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) –He
interpreted. was from Scotland, Who had discovered Subramanian Chandra Shekhar (1910-
the nucleus of atom in 1911 AD. 1995) - This American scientist of
Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882) - Indian origin carried out many notable
This British scientist, His book 'The Aryabhata (476-520) - was a famous research in relation to stars. In 1983 he
Origin of The principles of development astronomer and mathematician of was awarded jointly with the Nobel
in the Species have been projected. The ancient India, whose 'composition. Prize in Physics with William Fowler.
rule of natural selection (Natural Aryabhatiya is called 'Aryabhatiya'. He 1.4 times the Sun's mass is called
Selection) was propounded by them did many important works in 'Chandrasekhar Border'.
only. Mathematics and Astro. Firstly, he told
that 'the earth revolves around the sun Hargovind Khurana (1992) - He did
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) - The rotating on its axis. very significant research on protein
German scientist of the original, who synthesis in genetics and discovered
later settled in America. In 1933 he Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) - 'genetic code'. In 1968, he received the
rendered the theory of relativity (E = was a famous physicist, who also Nobel Prize in Physiology with his
mc2). He also interpreted light electrical supported the wireless system before American colleagues.
effects. For which he received the Marconi. They performed many
Nobel Prize. amazing works on the sensitivity of the
flora. He founded the 'Bose Institute'.

Page | 54
Alexander Fleming (1881-1955) - This Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman (1888- Satish Dhawan - Former President of
was a British bacteriologist who 1970) - Raman. For the effect in the Indian Institute of Inland Research
discovered lysozyme and penicillin. field of physics in 1930. They received (located in ISRO-Bangalore) With their
the 'Nobel Prize'. Their | 'Raman effect' relentless efforts, the prototype like
Galileo (1564-1642) - This Italian by 28 February In view of the Abhat Rohini and Apple were launched
scientist. Who created the telescope. importance of this, 'National Science in space. They are supersonic and
And 'Theory of Copernicus'. Had and Day' is celebrated in India on 28th The Sassonic Bin contributed to the
had prescribed the inertia rules of February every year. In 1954 he was construction of the tunnel.
motion. also honored with 'Bharat Ratna' and
'Lenin Shanti Puraskar' in 1958. Vikram Sara Bhai (1919-1971) -
Famous Indian scientist Vikram
Sarabhai was also the President of the
Atomic Energy Commission and the
Indian Space Research Organization. He
has been an important contributor to
the establishment of Physical Research
Laboratory (Ahmedabad) and Indian
Institute of Management.

SOME RESEARCH
INSTITUTIONS

Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics

– Kolkata
National Environmental Engineering
Research Institute
- Nagpur
Indian Institute of Petroleum
- Dehradun
Forest Research Institute
- Dehradun
National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune
Central Marine Research Station
- Chennai
Central Building Research Institute -
Chennai
Center for Cellular and Molecular
Biology
- Hyderabad
Veterinary Research Institute
- Ijjattnagar

Page | 55
MEDICAL SCIENCE AGRICULTURE AND Branches Study
RELATED ANIMAL
INSTITUTIONS HUSBANDARY Numismatic - study of coins
Acoustic - sound science
INSTITUTIONS Entomology - insect-kite science
National Institute of Medicine
- Lucknow Ornithology - bird science
Cattle breeding center (SBI) Sericulture - silk production
National Institute of Homeopathy -Coimbatore
- Kolkata Apiculture - beekeeping
Central Rice Research Institute Horticulture - fruit production
Institute of Medical Science (CRRI)
- Chandigarh Mycology - study of fungi
– Cuttack Anthropology - human development
Tuberculosis Research Center Central Arid Area Research
-Chennai Astronomy -of celestial bodies
Institute Bacteriology -Of bacterial organisms
National Brain Research Center - Jodhpur
- Gurgaon Chromatology -The colors of flowers
National Dairy Research Institute Carmography - Art of making the map
Malaria Research Center (NDRI)
- Delhi Dermatology – of skin
- Karnal (Haryana) Ethology -Species of org.
Indian Council of Medical Central Botanical Research Institute
Research Oneirology -The study of dreams.
- Lucknow Genetics - Hereditary properties
-New Delhi. Birbal Sahni Institute of Ply botany
All India Institute of Medical Cosmology -Absolute universe
- Lucknow Nephrology -Study of kidneys
Sciences Indian Council of Agricultural
- New Delhi. Neurology - of neuron system
Research (IARC) Pomology -of fruits
Central Drug Research Institute - New Delhi
-Lucknow Virology -Virus study
Indian Agricultural Research Pisciculture - Art of fishery
National Institutes Institute (IARI)
- Lucknow Myology - Muscular
- New Delhi. Gynecology - female related
Indian Institute of Horticulture Cardiology -Cardiovascular disease
SPACE RESEARCH Research Metallurgy - Metallurgy
INSTITUTIONS - Bangalore Phrenology -Study of scalp
Indian Million Research Institute Numerology - study of numbers
(ILRI) Histology - Tissues or fibers
Space Application Center (SAC) - Ranchi (Jharkhand) Hepatology - liver studies
- Ahmedabad Central Tabaco Research Institute Lithography - Wrist and stone
Center for Advanced Technology (CTRI) Otology - Ear study
(CAT) - Rajahmundry (A.P.) pneumatics - Study of gases
- Indore
Phytology - Study of light
INSAT Master Research
Organization (ISRO)
NUCLEAR Radiology - Study of X rays
RESEARCH Jukepy - of animal chemistry
- Thumba (Kerala)
Viticulture - Production of grapes
Satish Dhawan Space Center INSTITUTIONS Vermicultural - Cleanse of dirty water
- Mr. Harikota (AANDHRA
Phycology - Study of algae
PRADESH) Indira Gandhi Center of Atomic Sitology - Biology cell
Indian Remote Sensing Institute Research Anthology - Flower study
- Dehradun -Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu) Agronomy - Crop plants
Vikram Sarabhai Space Center Radio Immuno Assay Center Kellology - Aesthetic study
(NSSC) - Dibrugarh (Assam) Semantics - Study of words
- Thiruvananthapuram Bhabha Atomic Research Center Pedology -Soil study
(Trivandrum) (BARC)
ISRO Satellite Center - Trombay (Mumbai)
- Bangalore Physical Research Laboratories
- Ahmedabad

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 NUCLEAR PHYSICS Invention Inventor
Electron - The discovery of electron in 1897 by English scientist J. J. Thomson Quantumtheor - Max Planck
in the form of cathode rays. Electrons are particle, and these are atoms y calculator - B Pascal
outside the nucleus And revolve around. These have a negative charge of 1.6 chloroform - James Harrison
x10-19 C. They have a mass of 9.1x10-31 kg. It is a stable original particle. telegraph - Marconi
television - J. L. Baird
Proton - Proton discovered the famous scientist Ernest Rutherford in 1896 telephone - Graham Biel
hydrogen. By striking g particles on the nuclei. The proton has a mass of telescope - Galileo
1.6x10-24 g and the charge is 1.6x10-19 C, is positive.it is a minimal particle, it is transistor - William Shawlk
used in artificial transmutation. dynamo - Michael Faraday - A. Fle
penicillin -A. Fleming
Neutron- The discovery of neutrons by the British scientist James Chadwick In nuclear bomb -Autohen
the year 1932, Beryllium was attacked by particle particles, but it is a free radio activity -Henry Becquerel
radical particle, with a mass of 1.675x10-24 g, which is highly penetrating radium -madam curie
power. It is used in medicine and nuclear fission. radio -Marconi
blood transport -William Harvey
Positron (positron) - it is a coronal particle whose mass is equal to the steam engine -James watt
amount of charge (in magnitude) of electrons, hence it is the antithesis of the radar -Taylor and young
electrons {anti particle It was also discovered by Andersen in 1932. gun powder -Rojer Baking
printing art -Gutberg
Neutrino - This is almost a massless particle, and it was discovered by Pauli in plane -Right brothers
1930. Neutrinos also have antibodies Being Is called Antineutrino. x-ray -Roentgen
hydrogen -kervedish
Photon - The photon energy bundles (packets) that are going to move the electron -Thomson
light. All types of electromagnetic rays are formed from these basic particles. proton -Rutherford
Their break mass is zero. Neutron -Chadwick
nuclear -Rutherford
Carbon dating - This method addresses the age of the residues of organisms Is atomic number -Mosley
applied. Every organism (plant or animal) in the living state receives carbon-14 nuclearprincipl -Dalton
(a radioactive isotopic) element and after its death the eclipse is stopped. So, ebarometer -Torricelli
in the dead organisms, the action of carbon-14 is calculated by measuring the Rule of the -Mendeleev
time from its death to present. spiral
Dynamite -Alfred noble
Uranium chronology - The age of ancient non-living substances, such as rock, theory of -Einstein
etc. are known by radioactive minerals like Uranium, which are present in relativity
them. The age of rocks brought from the moon by this method of uranium Microscope -John son
time has been found to be 4.6x10 '(4.6 billion) years, which is almost as much Blood -Landsteiner
as the earth's. transfusion
Insulin -Betting
Nuclear Reactor - This is a device that uses Uranium-235 Export fission is polio vaccine -John E. Salk
done. In the direction of the first nuclear reactor scientist Enrico Fermi, the Wire coil -Marconi
American University of Chicago was built in 1942. In nuclear reactor. Longer jet engine -Frank heatle
rods of cadmium or boron to keep the chain reaction of fission Radar -Albert Taylor
Is used. printing press -john Gutenberg
Pressure -Denis Pepin
Nuclear Fission - When the slow-motion neutron bombing on uranium-235. cooker Cosmic- -Victor hens
If it is done then its enormous nucleus is split and too much energy is ray telescope -Hans leprosy
released. It occurs. This reaction is called nuclear fission. Nuclear bomb casual A.C. Motor -Nikola tesla
nuclear fission. Based on the reaction. The first atomic bomb was created in chronometer -John Harrison
1945, in which explosions occurred in World War II on August 6, 1945,
Hiroshima of Japan and the second explosion on August 1, 1945. Was done on
Nagasaki.

Nuclear Fusion - When two or more light nuclei join together to form a heavy
nucleus and release excessive energy, the reaction to nuclear fusion it is said.
The main source of light and heat energy received from the sun is this.

Page | 57
Equipment name Conversion of EQUIPMENT WORK(measure)
energy Altimeter of Height
-Convert electrical energy Barometer of Atmospheric Pressure
Electrical bulb to light energy Cardiogram of Heart Rate
- Convert electrical energy Hydrometer Of the relative density of
Electric heater to heat energy Manometer gas pressure
- Convert electrical energy Rain gas Of rain
loudspeaker into sound energy Rector Scale of earthquake intensity
- Convert electrical energy Lactometer accuracy of milk
Electric motor into mechanical energy Fathometer depth of the ocean
- Converting mechanical Anemometer power and speed of wind
Dynamo energy into electrical hygrometer Of atmospheric humidity.
energy. sextant Measure angular distance
Candle - Chemical energy in light of the celestial body.
and heat energy. Ammeter of electric current
- Convert sound energy to odometer Distance by wheels
Microphone electrical energy crasograph Of the growth of plants.
-Converting solar energy galvanometer Strength of the electric
Solar cell into electrical energy current.
- Converting chemical sphygmomanometer Of the blood pressure.
Power cell energy into electrical pyrometer High temperature
energy hydrophone Speed of sound in water
- Converting the tachometer Measurement of the
Sitar mechanical energy into speed of the airplane and
sound energy motorboat.
Thermostate Temperature control
gyroscope Speed of rotational
Catalyze Usage objects
iron-powder - In the Heber method of stethoscope Speed of heart and lungs.
making ammonia gas
platinum powder - in the contact method of dialysis In the state of renal
making sulfuric acid failure in hearing the In
Nickel - in making artificial ghee blood purification
from vegetable oils Radiator To keep the vehicles
cupric chloride - In the method of making engine frosty.
chlorine gas. xylophone Sound production
hot alumina - In the method of making pipette Measure the amount of
ether from alcohol. matter
pacemaker In Heart pumping
Chronometer Clock
Citroten Record weather details
And forecast
Pycnometers To measure temperature
of distinct object
Stroboscope To measure frequency
speed of object
Accumulator In electromagnetics
commutator Mixing of petrol to air in
vehicle while filling petrol

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 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH RESEARCHER
Diabetes Betting
 India's first test nuclear explosion in Pokhran RNA James Watson and Arthur Arg
(Rajasthan) in 1974 AD. DNA James Watson and Crick
 Damara nuclear test was done on May 13, 1998, 24 Contraceptive Pills Pincus
years after the first nuclear test, which Lead A. P. J. Blood Transfusion Karl Landsteiner
Abdul Kalam did it. Insulin Batting and west
 In 1980, the Department of Independent Defense Cholera vaccination Robert Koch
Research and Development was constituted. Tuberculosis vaccination Robert Koch
 Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was Malaria vaccine Ronald Ross
established in 1972. Typhoid’s Germs and Plague Germs Kitsajaro
 First test of India's state-of-the-art missile 'Earth' kills Small pox vaccine Edward Jenner
25. BCG Urine Comet
 February 1, 1988, was made from Sri Harikota Launch Kalazar Fever U.N. Brahmachari
Center in Andhra Pradesh. Heart Transplantation Christian Barnard
 The first test of 'Agni' hit on the surface with a co- Berry-Berry Disease Isaac Man
surface from Orissa on May 22, 1989. DDT Dr. Paul Muller
 The interim testing center of Chandipur, located in Healing from Ultra Rays Pinman
Balasore district, was done. Genetic Code Dr. Hargovind Khurana
 The first successful test of ground-to-air missile-sky, Treatment of Hydrophobia Lewis Pasteur
was done from Chandipur on August 14, 1990. Sulfa Drugs G. Domauk
 The first successful test of the Earth-to-air missile Treatment of Syphilis Pal Ehlishch
'Trishul' was done on June 5, 1989, in Chandipur, Treatment of Polio Jones Salk
Udaisha. Blood Transport William Harvey
 Tactical piercing missile 'Nag' was successfully tested Bacteria Lewen Hook
on 24th November 1990 in Chandipur. Homoeopathic Medicine Heinemann
 Successful test of India's war tanks 'Arjun' was done Antiseptic surgery Joseph Lister
on June 15, 1993 and was inducted into the Indian Chloroform James Harrison
Army on August 7, 1996. Statoscope Lennik
 Indian National Space Research Committee was Penicillin Alexander Fleming
formed in 1962. Aspirin Treasure
 India's 'Earth' missile is compared to Russia's 'Scud' Iron lungs Philip Drinker
missile. Streptomycin Waxman
 The 'Atomic Energy Commission' was formed on 10 Leprosy bacteria Hanson
August 1948 under the chairmanship of Dr. Bhabha. germ theory Louis Pasteur
And in the Central Government, the 'Department of diphtheria disease Cleft and Loffler
Atomic Energy' was formed in 1954. mutation theory Hugo-de-bridge
 Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) was theory of evolution Charles Darwin
established in 1954 in Trombay, Mumbai. cell Robert Hook
 The first Indian woman to go into space (born in Bacteria Leeuwenhoek
Karnal) is Kalpana Chawla, who is 19 November. Heart in India Transplation V. Venugopal
 1997 American Space Shuttle went into space by Malaria parasite Ronald Ross
Colombia India's first satellite Aryabhata was Virus Ivanovasky
launched from the Cosmodrome launch center of the Open heart Surgery Walton Lilah
Soviet Union on April 19, 1975. cloning technology Ion Buckie
 The first manned satellite was Sputnik-1, which was Ecology ernst Haeckel
released by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957. Rare Ecosystem A.G. Tans
 India's first nuclear power house was started in
Tarapur (Maharashtra).
 India is located in the Antarctica Studies Center 'Goa'.
 India's first research reactor is located in 'Apsara'
Trombay (Maharashtra).
 The 'Indian Nuclear Energy Corporation' was
established in 1987.

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 The first nuclear furnace in Asia was 'Apsara'. , India's
first remote sensing satellite was released from
Venkankar.
 Kalpana Chawla, India's first woman astronaut, died
on February 1, 2003. Vitamin B3
 The space shuttle took place in the accident. Chemical Name: Niacin
Multipurpose warship 'Brahmaputra' joined the Due to deficiency disease: slow intellect, hair white.
Indian Navy on April 13, 2000. Source: Meat, milk, tomatoes, peanuts
 The country's largest tanker ship built in home
country is 'I.N.S. Aditya'. Vitamin B5
 The country's first weather satellite METSAT was Chemical Name: Pantothenic Acid
successfully launched on September 12, 2002, named Disease: Skin Shing, Draining
Source: Meat, peanuts, potatoes
'Dr. Kalpana Chawla's memory, 'Kalpana-1' was done.
 Dr. Vikram Sarabhai was the chairman of the Indian
Vitamin B6
Space Research Committee formed in 1962.
Chemical Name: Pyridoxine
 The first multipurpose satellite built in India is 'INSAT- Deficiency Disease: Anemia, Skin Disease
2A'. Sources: Milk, meat, vegetables
 The 'Indian Space Research Organization' was
established in 1969 in Bangalore. Vitamin B7
 The 'Space Commission and Space Department' in Chemical Name: Biotin
India was established in 1972. Due to Deficiency: Paralysis, Body Pain
 'Radar' means 'Radio dictation and ranging'. Source.: Yeast, wheat, egg
 The National Technology Policy was announced by
Indira Gandhi in 1983. Vitamin B12
 'National Council of Science & Technology was Chemical Name: cyanocobalamin
established on October 15, 1990. Deficiency Disease: Hemorrhage, Pandurate
 Research work in the field of missiles in India started Sources: Meat, blacksmith, milk
in 1960.
Vitamin C
Chemical Name: Ascorbic Acid
Disease: Scurvy, Gingival Influence
Source: citric fruits, lemon, orange.
VITAMINs
Vitamin D
Vitamin A Chemical name: calciferol
Chemical Name: Retinol Deficiency disease: Rickets, osteoporosis
Disease: Randomness Sources: Sunlight, milk, egg
Sources: Carrot, milk, egg, fruits
Vitamin E
Vitamin B1 Chemical name:Techopherol
Chemical Name: Thiamine Disease: impotence, infertility
Disease: Berry-Berry Source: Green vegetable, butter, milk
Source.: Mononfalia, Aloo, Soya
Vitamin K
Vitamin B2 Chemical Name: Philoquinone
chemical name: riboflavin Due to Deficiency: Not Being a Blood Clot
Deficiency disease: skin rash, colocious Source: Tomatoes, green vegetables, milk
Source: Egg, milk, green vegetables

Common Name Chemical Name Formula

Page | 60
 baking soda sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCO3

sodium bicarbonate
bleach (liquid) sodium hypochlorite or NaClO

hydrogen peroxide H2O2

bleach (solid) sodium perborate NaBO3
Borax sodium tetra borate Na2B4O7.10 H2O
decahydrate
brimstone sulfur S
cream of tartar potassium hydrogen tartrate KHC4H4O6
Epsom salt magnesium sulfate MgSO4.7 H2O
heptahydrate
Freon dichlorodifluoromethane CF2Cl2
galena lead (II) sulfide PbS
grain alcohol ethanol C2H5OH
graphite carbon C
gypsum calcium sulfate dehydrate CaSO4.2 H2O
hypo sodium thiosulfate Na2S2O3
laughing gas dinitrogen oxide N2O
lime calcium oxide CaO
limestone calcium carbonate CaCO3
lye sodium hydroxide NaOH
marble calcium carbonate CaCO3
MEK ethyl methyl ketone CH3COC2H5
milk of magnesia magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2
muriatic acid hydrochloric acid HCl
oil of vitriol sulfuric acid H2SO4
plaster of Paris calcium sulfate hydrate CaSO4. H2O
potash potassium carbonate K2CO3
iron pyrite ( gold) iron disulfide FeS2
quartz silicon dioxide SiO2
quicksilver mercury Hg
rubbing alcohol isopropyl alcohol (CH3)2CHOH
salt ammoniac ammonium chloride NH4Cl
salt sodium chloride NaCl
salt substitute potassium chloride KCl
saltpeter potassium nitrate KNO3
slaked lime calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
sugar sucrose C12H22O11
TSP trisodium phosphate sodium phosphate Na3PO4
washing soda sodium carbonate Na2CO3.10 H2O
decahydrate
wood alcohol methyl alcohol CH3OH

SPACE SCIENCE ELEMENTS SYMBOL ATOMI-

NO.
Page | 61
 H 1
Establishment of Space Science Space Department Hydrogen He 2
- 1972 Helium Li 3
Full form of PSLV lithium Be 4
- Polar satellite launch vehicle beryllium B 5
Establishment of the first rocket launch center in Thumba boron C 6
(Kerala) Carbon N 7
- 1963 nitrogen O 8
Establishment of Indian space research center (ISRO) oxygen F 9
- 1969 fluorine Ne 10
India's first scientific satellite neon Na 11
- Aryabhata (April 19, 1975), sodium Mg 12
India's first underground nuclear explosion magnesium aluminum Al 13
- May 18, 1974 Pokhran (Rajasthan) created the ware silicon Si 14
The first satellite launched from the country of land phosphorus P 15
- Rohini (April 17, 1983) sulfur S 16
Entering Space with Russian Astronaut by Rakesh Sharma of chlorine Cl 17
India argon Ar 18
- 1984 potassium K 19
Vikramasana Bhai Space Center calcium Ca 20
- Trivandrum scandium Sc 21
Satellite Launch Center of India titanium Ti 22
- Mr. Harikota (Andhra Pradesh) vanadium V 23
India's first artificial satellite chromium manganese Cr 24
- Rohini 1.R-I (18 Julye, 1980) iron Mn 25
Establishment of Space Science and Technology Center (SSTC) cobalt Fe 26
in Thumba Nickel Co 27
-1995 Copper Ni 28
Establishment of the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) zinc Cu 29
-1954 Trombay (Mumbai) Zn 30
Establishment of Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Center
- 1971, Kalpakkam (Madras)
The first person to go into space
-Yuri Gagarin (Soviet Union, 1961)
The first woman to go into space
- Valentina Tereshkova (Soviet Union, 1963)
First person to take a step on the moon
- Neel Armstrong (America, July 21, 1969).
First Indian to go into space
- Squadron Leader Rakesh Sharma (1984)
First Indian woman to enter space
- Kalpana Chawla (1997)
Second Indian woman to enter space
- Sunita Williams (2007)
Credit for the most days spend in space
- Sunita Williams (195 days)
First artificial satellite launched in space
- Sputnik (Soviet Union, 1957)
First communication satellite
- Eco (Sara America, 1968)
Country's first reactor
- Apsara (1956)

First indigenously built satellite

Page | 62
- INSAT-2A (JULY 1992)
First home-made missile
- Earth (1988)
Raman Research Center
- Bangalore (Karnataka)
Tarapur Atomic Power Plant
- Mumbai (Maharashtra)
Rawatbhata nuclear power plant
- Rawatbhata (Rajasthan)
Establishment of Atomic Energy Commission
- August 1948
The country's largest atomic center, started working
- August 8, 1985
First organism to go into space
- Laika (a dog)
The first person to walk out of the vehicle in space
- Alexey Leonov
First space shuttle
- Colombia (America, 1981)
The first unmanned spacecraft.
- Shenzhou (China)
First space shuttle on Mars
-Pathfinder (July 6, 1997)
Successful launch of INSAT-3E
- September 28, 2003
First space lab in class
- Skylab (America, 1973)
First Space Tourist
- Dennis Tito (2001)
First unmanned space shuttle
- Luna-16 (September 12, 1970)
First spacecraft to land a man on the moonlight
- Apollo 11
First country to launch unmanned artificial satellite
- Soviet Union
India's first woman Astronaut Kalpana Chawla passes away
-February 2003.
The second nuclear test was conducted under the leadership of
APJ Abdul Kalam
- on May 13, 1998

Page | 63
 IMPORTANT ABBREVIATIONS

ADH Antidiuretic Hormone FBTR Fast Breeder Test Reactor

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency ICU Intensive Care Unit

Syndrome

AMU Atomic Mass Unit LASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of

Radiation

AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System LCD Liquid Crystal Display

BASIC Beginner's All Purpose Symbolic LED Liquid Emitting Diode

Instruction Code

BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin LNG Liquefied Natural Gas

BTU British Thermal Unit LORAN Long Range Navigation

CCTV Closed-Circuit Television LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas

CFC Chloro Fluoro Carbon MASER Microwave Amplification by Stimulated

Emission of Radiation

CNG Compressed Natural Gas PVC Polyvinyl Chloride

CNS Central Nervous System RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging

CRO Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope RNA Ribose Nucleic Acid

CRT Cathode Ray Tube SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

DDT Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane SONAR Sound Navigation and Ranging

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid STAR Satellite for Telecommunication

Applications and Research

EMF Electromotive Force STP Standard Temperature and Pressure

TB Tuberculosis TNT Tri Nitro Toluene

Page | 64
IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC FACTS

The human heart beats The body's largest gland

- 72 times / minutes - liver
Bones in human skulls Master gland
-8 -Pituitary
Healthy human respiration rate from Bones in human adult
-16 to 18 times. -206
Weight of brain Bones in baby human
- 1350 to 1400 grams -305
Large part of the brain The total number of muscles in body
- cerebrum (cerebrum) - 639
Weight of renal (kidney) Sex determination is on
- 150 grams. -male chromosome
Body's largest bone Chambers in human heart
- femur (in thigh) -4
The smallest bone of the body The number of chromosomes in body (chromosome)
-Stapes. - 46
The most difficult element of the body largest part of the body
- Enamel -Skin
Common man's blood pressure Body's largest number of amino acids in body cell
- 120/80 mm. - nervous system (20)
The amount of water in the human body Digestion of food begins
- 65 to 80% - from the mouth
Humans have blood volume Absorption of digested food
-5-6 liter - in the small intestine
pH value of human blood (alkaline) The bile is secreted
- 7.4 - by the liver
purifies blood Vitamin A remains intact
- Kidney (renal) - the liver
Creation of red blood cells Insulin secrete from
- Bone marrow -Pancreas
Blood type in the Age- 20- Life time Chambers in cockroach
-is 120-day -12
White blood particle Wings of fly
- 2-4 days -4
White blood cells is called Bones made up of
- leucocyte -calcium and phosphate
Red blood cells are called Human Nails are
-erythrocytes. -non living cells
Body Heating Controller RBC stands for
- Hypothalamus Gland -Red blood carp cells
Servant Blood Group (Universal Donor) ELISA stands for
-0 -Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay
Omnibus blood group (universal receptor) Semen is another name of
- AB. -Sperm
Blood pressure measurement machine Fertilization is
- sphygmomanometer -ovum combines with sperm
What is Called 'blood bank'
–spleen

Page | 65
PHYSICS TERMS, UNITS AND THEIR DIMENSIONS

TERMS UNITS DIMENSIONS

Displacement meter (m) M0L1T0
mass kilogram (kg) M1L0T0

time second (s or sec) M0L0T1

current ampere (A) M0L0T-1

temperature kelvin (ºK or K) M0L0T0K1

amount of substance mole (mol) M1L0T0

Quantity or phenomenon Standard International unit M0L1T0

area meter squared (m 2 ) M0L2T0

volume meter cubed (m 3 ) M0L3T0

material density kilogram per meter cubed M1L3T0

(kg/m 3 or kg · m -3 )

specific volume meter cubed per kilogram M0L3T0

(m 3 /kg or m 3 · kg -1 )

amount of substance concentration mole per meter cubed M0L-3T0

(mol/m 3 or mol · m -3 )

force newton (N) M1L0T-2

impulse newton-second (N · s) M0L0T-1

work newton-meter (N · m) M1L1T-2

pressure pascal (Pa) M1L-1T-2

speed /velocity meter per second M0L0T-1

(m/s or m · s -1 )

momentum kilogram-meter per second M1L1T-1

(kg · m/s or kg · m · s -1 )

acceleration meter per second squared M0L0T-2

(m/s 2 or m · s -2 )

current density ampere per meter squared M0L-2T-1

(A/m 2 or A · m -2 )

electromotive force volt (V) M1L2T0

resistance ohm M-1L-2T3A2

conductance Siemens (S) M-1L-2T3A2

permittivity farad per meter ML2T-3A-2

(F/m or F · m -1 )

power watt (W) 1

Page | 66
energy joule (J) m2.s-2

heat calorie (cal) kg.m2.s-2

magnetomotive force ampere-turn (AT) m-1.A

charge quantity coulomb (C) kg-1.m-2.s4.A2

capacitance farad (F) kg-1.m-2.s4.A2

inductance henry (H) kg.m2.s-2.A-2

magnetic flux weber (Wb) kg.s-2.A-1

magnetic flux density tesla (T) kg.s-2.A-1

magnetic field strength ampere per meter kg.s-2.A-1

(A/m or A · m -1 )

permeability henry per meter kg.m2.s-3.A-2

(H/m or H · m -1 )

electromagnetic field strength watt per meter squared kg.m.s-3.A-1

(W/m 2 or W · m -2 )

radiant intensity watt per steradian kg.s-3

(W/sr or W · sr -1 )

luminous flux lumen (lm) cd.sr.m-2

angular speed radian per second s-2

angular velocity (rad/s or rad · s -1 )

angular acceleration radian per second squared s-2

(rad/s 2 or rad · s -2 )

ionizing radiation Becquerel (Bq) s-1

frequency hertz (Hz) s-1

wavelength meter (m) m

wave number reciprocal meter (m -1 ) M-1

Page | 67
 The distance covered in the unit  The velocity of the escape
time is called Speed. PHYSICS velocity for the Earth is from 11.2
 The distance covered in fixed km /s. while the escape velocity
direction in unit time is called  The force which results in zero is for the Solar System is 42 km / s
velocity. called unbalanced force. And the Moon's 2.4 km/s.
 Vector quantities have both  According to Newton's third
magnitude and direction, motion rule, each action is equal,  Circulation period of 24 hours for
whereas in scalar amounts there but there is a reaction in the geostationary satellite. It is
is only magnitude. opposite direction. similar, and it appears stable
 The speed is a scalar, while  According to the theory of relative to the earth.
velocity is a vector quantity. momentum conservation, if  The SI amounts of pressure are
 The location change in a certain there is no external force on any newton / square meter or pascal.
direction by an object is called group of particles then the total  The sudden increase of mercury
displacement. momentum of that body remains of Barometric indicates that the
 Displacement may be zero but unchanged. weather will remain clean.
fixed. The distance is not zero.  In the Centripetal Force, the  Due to surface tension, the rain-
 The change in speed per unit object on the circular path, the globular and shaving brush is
time is said acceleration. force acts on the side of the removed from the water and its
 Acceleration and displacement circle. The reaction force in the hairstyle remains intact.
are both vector quantities. centrifugal force seems to be  Due to capillarity, oil lamps up in
 According to Newton's first moving on the circular path by the lantern's light. Drying of ink
motion rule - if any object is moving object on the other from bloating paper is also due
dynamic, then it is dynamic and object. to capillarity.
stable. So she wants to remain  Walking around the sun and  The sound wave is an example of
stable. No external force should moving the electron around the longitudinal wave, while light
work on it unless. nucleus is an example of the waves are transverse waves.
 Due to the inertia of the stop, the central force.  Frequency is measured in Hz
passenger will lean backwards by  Cloth drying machine and milk by (Hz).
walking unexpectedly goes. butter the extractor machine  The velocity of the sound is 334
 The moving carriage due to the works on the principle of central m / s in the air. 1483 m / s and
inertia of the speed. On a sudden force. iron is 5130 m / s.
stop, the passengers lean  The force of the axis of one axis  The pressure on the sound does
forward. Due to the inertia of the by the force is called the force of not have any effect on the
break. rotation. pressure.
 Newton's first motion rule gets  Force is a vector.  The trick of sound does not
the definition of force. Force is a  The burden of any body is the depend on wavelength and
physical cause that is on any force, the earth pulls it towards dimension.
object your center.  Sound from one medium to
 Who was created is called  When the displacement in an another. The frequency of does
angular velocity. The angle object is generated by force. If it not vary.
velocity is the radian per second. is done, then it is deemed to be  Sound waves having frequency
 Newton's first motion rule is the work. Measured work and below 20Hz are obscure and
inertia. The rule is also called the product of the displacement frequency ranging from 20Hz to
Galileo's law. of the object in the direction of 20000Hz are called audio
 The product of the quantity and force Equals. waveforms. The waves above
velocity of an object. Says  The rate of work is called power 20000 Hz are called the
momentum whereas the ability to work is ultrasound waves. Waves
 According to Newton's second called energy. between 20 Hz to 20000 Hz can
speed rule- 'The rate of change in  The unit of work and energy is sleep human ears.
the relation of an object on that joule, whereas the power meter  Dog, Cat & Bats etc. 20000Hz
item. is the watt. You can soak up the waves
 Accuracy of the charged force  The objects located at the above. Ultrasonic waves are used
and inversely proportional to the height, the spring, the damaged for the depth of the ocean, the
mass, and the direction of water, etc. have potential detection of tumors, the aircraft
acceleration. Is in the direction of energy. Accurate energy in the and the clocks.
force. key of the clock is static.

Page | 68
 Newton's second-speed force  According to the rule of energy  Pujas are used to clean. .
with force. Expression is conservation "energy cannot be Listeners and reflectors to hear
received. produced nor destroyed”. the echo. There should be at
 If any force is very less on any  A HP power (HP) is equal to 746 least 17 m distance between the
object. If the time is employed watts. surfaces.
then the force and the product of  The minimum speed at which a  The recurring period of the
time are called impulses of that body moves out of the Earth's pendulum does not depend on
object. gravitational field, it is called the the mass of the pendulum. The
 One day due to refraction of escape velocity. g is equal to 1/6 effect of sound on the ear stays
water expect to have more light times up to 1/10 seconds.
in the night.  The convex mirror is used in the  Cp-Cv = R is known as mayor
 The largest unit of distance form of a side mirror in the formula.
measurement is the transmitter. motorcar.  In in atom, protons and neutrons
 The kinetic energy of the pot is  The color between the rainbows Found in the nucleus, while
doubled when the momentum is is green, red and blue color is electron is revolve around
doubled. called primary color. nucleus.
 Geostationary satellite moves  The minimum distance of clear  Proton have positive charge,
from west to east. vision is 25 cm. electron have negative charge
 Atmospheric aberration and  Rainbow is formed in the while neutron does not have any
suddenly it falls down, then opposite direction of the Sun. charge.
when it falls down gradually,  The concave lens is used for the  The lightning conductor is made
then there is rain. prevention of myopia. of copper.
 Mercury is liquid at room  Wind bubble inside the water  Far sightness (Hypermetropia) is
temperature 250 C. whose surface is convex. treated by using convex lens.
 Ozone has formula 03, which  Any color scattering depends on  Chemical energy in the electric
protects us from the harmful UV its wavelength (Red has highest cell is converted into electrical.
radiations. wavelength and the wavelength  1 kilowatt hour is called 1 unit.
 The water density is highest at of purple is the lowest).  In the electric heater or iron, the
dd 4 ° C and Volume is the  The sky looks black when seen Nichrome wire is used.
lowest. from space.  In leclanche cells, there is a
 The heat on Earth is obtained by  The black object absorbs all the coagulation of ammonium
heat, radiation. colors. chloride and zinc chloride in the
 There is a feeling of humid in the  The primary color of color form of electrolytes.
atmosphere when the sky is television is red, green, and blue.  Dynamo turns energy into
cloudy.  The two colors that make up the electrical energy. Dynamo works
 The atmosphere is heated by white color are called VIBGYOR. on the principle of
convection method.  The electrical charge through electromagnetic induction.
 The maximum amount of light which the materials are easily  Cheap fuse wire is made of
(3* 106 m / s) in the air and in the Flows, it's called conductor. copper, tin and lead alloy.
atmosphere is light. The brightest Silver is the best driver of  The electric bulb was invented by
scattering of purple light and the electricity. Through which the Thomas Elva Edison.
scattering of red light is the most flow of charge does not flow  On hanging the magnetism
Is less, Color of the sky is purple. through Is called insulator. It freely. Always stops north-south
 The reason is the earth to come includes Wood, rubber and direction.
between the moon and the sun paper.  There is attraction between
Due to the moon eclipse.  The substances that have the uneven poles. By reducing the
 Moon to come between earth electrical conductivity and magnet with a hammer or
and sun, reason is that the solar doesn’t conduct in some making it red by beating, its
eclipse occurs. conditions, are known as magnetism ends.
semiconductors. Semiconductor  On the poles of the Earth, the
material is carbon, silicon, and angle of bending angle is 90 ° and
germanium. the equator is 0 on the line.

 If two mirrors are parallel to each  Cylindrical lenses are used for the
other, then the image of the prevention of Astigmatism.
Page | 69
 object kept between them is  Due to the character deflection  The real identification of
formed on infinity. of the rainbow light are formed. magnetism is distraction
 Solar cooker, refractive  Using two convex lenses in the Repulsion.
telescopes, searchlight, check composite it looks like  Carbon dating is use to find age
nose, ears, throat etc. of patients microscope. of fossils.
and use a concave mirror as a  Cornea is donated in eye  To identify age of old rocks and
membrane mirror. donation. earth uranium dating is used.
 Due to the refraction of light, the  The image formed on the human  X-rays were invented in 1895 by
stars were shines. eye's retina is smaller than the Roentgen.
 The brightness of the diamond, actual, inverted and the object.  Natural magnet is ferrous iron
is due to complete internal  The image made on the retina is oxide. The size of which is not
reflection. not permanent. fixed.
 The principle of atom bomb is  When the glass rod is rubbed  Transformer works on the
based on nuclear fission. with silk, negative glass in the principle of electromagnetic
 The power carrier is force per glass becomes silent and induction.
unit area. negative.  Microphone is based on the
 Uranium is used as a fuel in  The food on the mountains is principle of electromagnetic
nuclear reactors. cooks late Because of low induction.
 Cadmium or boron rods are used atmospheric pressure, Boiling  Cathode rays are invisible rays.
for controlling reaction in nuclear point decreases. Velocity of cathode rays is 1/10
reactor.  Some space is left between the times the speed of light.
 To slow down the speed of tracks of the rail, because the  In the airplane the fountain pans
neutrons in nuclear reactors, tracks are spread in summer and out the ink from the pen, as the
heavy water or graphite is used after heat. height increases due to decrease
as a hawk.  The volume of water increases in air pressure.
 Hydrogen bombs are based on due to its volume, which is why  The pieces of ice are sticking
nuclear fusion. sometimes the tap pipe bursts in together when two pieces of ice
 The source of energy in the sun the winter. are interconnected, because the
and stars is nuclear fusion.  Seismograph measures the pressure of the ice decreases the
 X-rays are used in the mechanics, earthquake waves. melting point of the ice.
in industries, in detective, in art,  Due to internal reflection of  When light goes into the glass
in research and in the medical light, the color of soap bubble from the air, its wavelength
world to find broken fossils. appears to be colorful. decreases. Refractive index of
 Cobalt-60 is used in the  Geostationary satellite has an purple is the highest.
treatment of cancer. altitude of 36,000 km from Earth.  White light is a mixture of seven
 Rainbow is formed in the sky in  According to Barnauli theorem, colors.
the opposite direction of the Sun the place where the liquid  The amount of voltage equal to
after rain. velocity is high, there is less the immersed part in the
 Argon gas filled with turmeric in pressure. According to Barnauli evolution force is equal to the
tube light where nitrogen occurs theorem, deep water flows volume of the load of the fluid.
mainly. calmly. Rocket speed and jet-  The weight of an object is highest
 Magnet mainly made of iron and plane acceleration is based on in vacuum.
steel the principle of conservation.  Surface tension has unit Newton
 First nuclear reactor in Chicago  Object placed in glass of water per meter (Nm-1)
Was made. appears to be bend due to  Telescope to see distant objects.
 The value of gravitational refraction of light.  Earth's geographic and magnetic
acceleration g is 9.8 m / s, while  The transformer is made of soft axis age is 180.
the value of universal iron.  The use of ultraviolet waves is
gravitational determinant G.  Listening to the radio is possible used to send the signal.
due to resonance.

 6.6734x10- ". The unit of G is N-  Sound transmission is not

m / kg. possible in vacuum.
 The image formed in a convex
mirror is always fictional and is
Page | 70
 The value of g is positive on the straightforward and is smaller  Density of air decreases due to
poles and the lowest on the than the object. heat increases. Density of snow
equator.  When a body doubles the speed, would be less than the water
 The value of g at the center of its momentum is doubled. density. That's why it floats in the
the earth is zero.  A magnetic field defines alpha water.
 Sun is a gaseous shell, with 74% and beta.  Density of solids on heating
hydrogen. 25% helium and 1%  Rectifier converts AC current into normally Decreases.
other element. DC.  Solar cells do convert solar
 Earth is used to circumambulate  Density on heating ice Increases. energy into electrical energy.
the Sun  Due to the absence of  We measure food energy in
 Washing machine on the atmosphere on the moon the calories.
principle of centrifugal force. echo is not heard.

CHEMISTRY
 The room heat gets increased
 The only elements that are when the door of the refrigerator
liquid at room temperature kept in the room is opened.
Are bromine and mercury.
Page | 71
 Unlike many substances, water  Clouds float in the atmosphere  The electron-voltage unit is the
expands as it freezes. An ice due to low density. 'energy'.
cube takes up about 9% more  Density of milk on separating  Carbon rod anode palm in dry
volume than the water used to cream from milk is Increases. cell Zinc serves pottery cathode.
make it.  Using the Doppler Effect, Is used  The energy flowing in the
 If you pour a handful of salt into to determine the velocity of telephone line is in the form of
a full glass of water, the water sound. electrical energy.
level will actually go down rather  If the mass of an object m and  Electrons in a metal wire
than overflowing the glass. the velocity of light is c, then the responsible for the flow of
 Similarly, if you mix half a liter of energy associated with its mass is current.
alcohol and half a liter of water, E = mc2.  Oxygen, Platinum, Sodium,
the total volume of the liquid will  Athletes at the Olympic Aluminum, Manganese etc. is
be less than one liter. Games have to be careful how non-mutant.
 There is about 1/2 lb or 250 g of much coffee they drink. The  The stream flows in one direction
salt (NaCl) in the average adult caffeine in coffee is a banned from the diode.
human body. substance because it can  Gamma rays have the maximum
 A pure element can take many enhance performance. One or capacity
forms. For example, diamond two cups are fine but they can go  Doppler Effect is related to
and graphite both are forms of over the limit with more than sound. The sound trick is 750
pure carbon. five. (Update - as of 2004 miles / hour. The rays of the
 Many radioactive elements caffeine has been taken back off lowest wave length are gamma
Actually do glow in the dark. the WADA banned list but its use rays.
 The chemical name for will be closely monitored to  The useful hypo in photography
water (H2O) is dihydrogen prevent future abuse by is chemically silver bromide.
monoxide. athletes.)  The velocity of sound is highest
 The only letter that doesn't  At any place, the entire magnetic in solid metal or steel or iron
appear on the periodic table is J. field of the Earth creates an (5000 m / s).
 Lightning strikes produce O3, angle with the horizontal plane,  In gases, the movement of sound
which is ozone, and strengthen it is called the bow of the place. in hydrogen is the highest.
the ozone layer of the  Soft iron to make temporary  Water boils at 73K point of Calvin
atmosphere. magnets Used while permanent scale.
 The only two non-silvery metals magnet Steel is used.  The temperature of the filament
are gold and copper.  Laser beam is used in cancer of the burning electric bulb is
 Although oxygen gas is colorless, treatment. 2000 ° C to 2500 ° C.
the liquid and solid forms of  Speed of light on passing  The unit is a nautical mile to
oxygen are blue. through the glass will be measure the distance of the
 The human body contains minimum. ocean.
enough carbon to provide 'lead'  Often formed under intense  A nautical mile is equal to 1.852
(which is really graphite) for pressure over time, a crystal is km.
about 9,000 pencils. made up of molecules or atoms  The ratio of aircraft moves and
 Hydrogen is the most abundant that are repeated in a three sound movements is called mac
element in the universe, while dimensional repeating pattern. numbers.
oxygen is the most abundant Quartz is a well-known example  Quartz is the smallest part of the
element in the earth's of a crystal. substance. Quartz contains two
atmosphere, crust, and oceans elements of silicon and oxygen.
(about 49.5%).  Carbon has two main Allotropes
diamonds and graphite.
 Diamond is a good conductor of
 The use of various forms of heat and electricity.
chemistry is believed to go back  Natural rubber is the polymer of
 The rarest naturally-occurring as long ago as the Ancient isoprene.
element in the earth's crust may Egyptians. By 1000 BC
be astatine. The entire crust civilizations were using more
appears to contain about 28 g of complex forms of chemistry such
the element. as using plants for medicine,
Page | 72
 Hydrofluoric acid is so corrosive extracting metal from ores,  To make natural rubber hard,
that it will dissolve glass. fermenting wine and making carbon is added to it.
Although it is cosmetics.  The most excellent coal is
corrosive Hydrofluoric acid is  Things invisible to the human eye anthaiteite (96% C).
considered to be a 'weak acid'. can often be seen under UV light,  Nylon is the first composite
 One bucket full of water contains which comes in handy for both synthesized by humans.
more atoms than there are scientists and detectives.  PH value of pure water is 7.
buckets of water in the Atlantic  Humans breathe out carbon  The lightest metal is lithium.
Ocean. dioxide (CO2). Using energy from  Sulfuric acid is used in the lead
 Approximately 20% of the sunlight, plants convert carbon accumulator battery.
oxygen in the atmosphere was dioxide into food during a  Carbon dioxide is used to
produced by the Amazon process called photosynthesis. extinguish the fire.
rainforest.  Chemical reactions occur all the  Pure water is a good conductor
 Helium balloons float because time, including through everyday of electricity.
helium is lighter than air. activities such as cooking. Try  Calcium is found in bones and
 Bee stings are acidic while wasp adding an acid such as vinegar to teeth.
stings are alkaline. a base such as baking soda and  Iron is responsible for rusting
 Hot peppers get their heat from see what happens! oxygen and moisture.
a molecule called capsaicin.  Hydrogen is the first element on  Acetylene gas is used to cook
While the molecule acts as an the periodic table. It has an raw fruits.
irritant to mammals, including atomic number of 1. It is highly  Sodium thiosulfate is used in
humans, birds lack the receptor flammable and is the most photography.
responsible for the effect and are common element found in our  Coal gas is mainly a mixture of
immune to the burning sensation universe. hydrogen, oxygen and methane.
from exposure.  Liquid nitrogen boils at 77 kelvin  Chlorine gas is used to clean the
 It's possible to die from drinking (−196 °C, −321 °F). water.
too much water.  Around 1% of the sun’s mass  Ethyl acetate is used in nail
 Dry ice is the solid form of carbon is oxygen. polish, glues and LPG for
dioxide, CO2.  Helium is lighter than the air fragrance.
 Liquid air has a bluish tint, similar around us so it floats, that's why  Methane gas is CH4.
to water. it is perfect for the balloons you
 Ammonium chloride is used for
 You can't freeze helium simply by get at parties.
straining in utensils.
cooling it to absolute zero. It will  Carbon comes in a number of
 The boiling point of water is 100 °
freeze if you apply extremely different forms (allotropes),
C.
intense pressure. these include diamond, graphite
 The value of the ultimate zero
 By the time you feel thirsty, and impure forms such as coal.
heat is -273 ° C.
you've already lost about 1% of  Under normal conditions, oil and
 The scent of perfumes spread
your body's water. water do not mix. More oil facts.
due to diffusion.
 Mars is red because its surface  Although it is still debated, it is
 Electron present in the
contains a lot of iron oxide or largely recognized that the word
outermost orbit of an atom is
rust. 'chemistry' comes from an
called a connective electron.
 Sometimes hot water freezes Egyptian word meaning 'earth'.
 Inert gases have 2 or 8 electrons
more quickly than cold water! A  Milk is sour due to lactic acid.
in the outermost orbit.
high school student documented  Human feels pain after too much
 Rusting is the event of oxidation.
the effect, which bears his name walking due to production of
 Horizontal queues of the periodic
(the Mpemba effect). lactic acid.
table are called spiral and the
 The compounds having same  The speed remains the same
outer rows are called squares.
chemical formula but different when it passed from 1 medium
 The nostalgic solution has a pH
Structures can be form is known to another.
value of 7.
as isomers.  CGS unit of force is DYNE.
 The pH value of the acidic
 The 5 defects of eye are Myopia,  When diver goes down deep of
solution is less than 7.
Hypermetropia, Presbyopia, the ocean then, the diver suffer
 The most commonly found
cataract, astigmatism. from low pressure of water.
element in the earth-crust is
 Avogadro no. is 6.023*1023 Hence it takes nitrogen with
oxygen.
them to avoid this thing.
Page | 73
 Using ethylene gas to make  Wooden block and iron block is  The heaviest metal is osmium
polyethylene it happens. dropped from the height (Os).
 Zinc plating on iron. Called symontaneously.then iron block  Sodium metal is placed in
galvanization. will reach early due to heavy kerosene. Because it reacts with
 Heavy hydrogen oxide D2 0 is mass. Oxygen.
heavy Water.  If mass of object at earth is 600kg  Galena is an ore of sausage.
 The milk emulsion is example of then on moon it will be of 100kg.  Classification of Elements in
colloidal solution.  Galileo invented Telescope. Mandel’s Periodic Table is on the
 Refractive index of diamond is  Oil is spread on the surface of the basis of Atomic No.’s.
highest. water because oil is lighter than  Respiratory is the slow
 Green color of leave is due to water. combustion action.
chlorophyll.  Pyrometer is used to measure  Methane gas is more soluble in
 Yellow color of papaya is due to high temperature. alcohol.
xanthophyll.  Women’ voice have larger  The connectivity of passive gases
 Carrot is red in color due to frequency than men’. is zero.
carotene.  The elements having same  The natural source of sulfuric
 SI unit of pressure is pascal. atomic no. but different mass no. acid is volcano.
 Integrated chips in computers is is called as ISOTOPES.  Natural source of nitric acid is
made of Semiconductors.  The elements having same alum.
 Radeon is heaviest inert gas. atomic mass but different atomic  Surface tension was discovered
 Neon gas is filled in lamps and no. is called ISOBARS. by Katherine Blodgett.
tubes.  The elements having same no. of  The molecular weight of heavy
 The permanent hardness of the neutrons is called, water is 20.
water is due to the dissolution of ISONEUTRONS.  The volume of one mole of a gas
salts such as calcium and  There are nuclear reactions on the NTP is 22.4 LT.
magnesium and sulfate and within the Sun. U-238 is the  Alkene's formula is cnH2n.
chloride. largest amount of uranium found  The size of the nucleus is
 Acid rain is mainly contains on Earth. 1.75*10-15meters.
Sulphuric acid and nitrous oxides.  Solar energy reaches us by  Au is the most ductile and
 Vinegar is acetic acid. infrared light. stricken.
 Arnest Rutherford did the  The natural source of ultraviolet  All heavy radio active ingredients
rendering of the atom principle rays is radiation from the sun. are converted into lead in the
in 1911.  Combustion is an oxidizing final form.
 According to Niall's law, the chemical reaction.  The 'yeast' is used to make the
volume of the gas with the given  Pyrrolinus acid is the ingredient bread soft and flexible.
volume at constant heat, is derived from the fermentation of  Hydrogen in the production of
incompatible with pressure. wood. vegetable ghee is used.
 According to Charles's law, the  Example of cyclic structure is  Batteries are usually hydrochloric
volume of gas increases on a benzene. acid.
steady pressure, and decreases  Ammonia is formed in habour  In nuclear fission, the trigger is
the amount of gas on the heating process. neutron.
and reduces the temperature of  Extraction of mercury mainly by  The chemical formula of glucose
the atmosphere. Cinnabar ore. is C6H12O6.
 Dry ice is used in testing fish,  Silver chloride is used at the time  Co2 gas is used to make soda
fruits etc. of voting for voters. water.
 General Glass is sodium  Silver salt (glaciated) has C  Brass is an alloy of copper and
carbonate, limestone. boiling point 960.7 °C and the zinc.
 The mixture of sand is obtained relative density is 10.47.  The vapor density of the air is
by diluting.  'Metal' is an ore of copper, tin 14.4.
 Chlorine is used in the formation and zinc.  Bleaching powder to clean
of bleaching powder.  The reason for the smell in garlic drinking water.
 Boiling point of water is 100 ° C is the Alycia compound.  In a pressure cooker, the food
and Freezing is 0 ° C.  Vinegar is aqueous solution of cooks in a short time because the
acetic acid. boiling point is increased within

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 Polyester was developed in  The reason for the salinity of sea the cooker. Air forces pressure in
England. water is sodium. all directions.
 Lacquer is a natural plastic.  Chromium and Nickel are used to  Use the manometer machine to
 Paraffin is a mixture of high make stainless steel. measure gas pressure.
hydrocarbons.  Halogen has the most reactive  Gas responsible for the ozone
 DDT Pure Name is Dichloro fluorine. layer Chloro floro carbon.
diphenyl Trichloroethane.  The resistance of 'fuse wire' is  The formula of bleaching powder
 Benzoic acid is used in the high and melting point is low. is Ca (OCL) CI.
preservation of foods.  Iodine doesn’t react to oxygen.  'Milk of magnesia' is called
 Potassium chloride is used to  Generally Fryon refrigerants are magnesite hydroxide MgOH.
make the glass hard. used in domestic refrigerators.  Aluminum major Ore Bauxite (AI2
 The first glass was built in Egypt  Calcium oxide compounds are 03+2H2 0).
in ancient times. used to whiten the house.  Iron oxide is accumulated by
 Ozone gas darkens the silver  Joseph Sadden invented Portland carbon monoxide in the vessel
glow. cement. furnace.
 The relative density of diamond  Anthracite (96%) is mainly  Fuse coil is a lead of lead and tin.
is 3.52. present in all varieties of coal.  Bronze alloys contain copper and
 Black diamond is called  Carbon travel is high in 1 U-235's tin.
carbonate. nucleus is temporary.  The glass is actually sand (silica)
 Diamond’s Natural Source is  Methane is mainly in natural gas. and calcium.
Kimberlite Stones.  Methane molecule is equinoxes.  The melting point of tungsten is
 Hydrogen is called future fuel.  Washing can also be done in the 3000 ° C.
 Monazite is the thorium ore. harsh water by the ablution.  Natural rubber is the polymer of
 A mixture of acetine and oxygen  Neoprene is a synthetic rubber. isoprene.
gases is used in the belting.  Size of solute molecules in  The main ingredient of petrol is
 The petrol hydrocarbons used in solution 3.25-6.45Armstrong in octane.
cars and motors. radii.  Photography uses sodium
 The chromium element makes all  Solubility of gases in water thiosulfate as a fixer.
the color compounds. . decreases due to heat rise.  The natural source of
 Argentite is the silver ore. .  Bakelite is a heat-proof plastic. hydrocarbons is crude oil.
 Misty was discovered in inert  The chemical name of washing  The quality of petroleum
gas. soda is sodium is carbonate. displayed by octane number
 Yellow phosphorus is kept in  The chemical name of bleaching  The smallest potential of the
water. powder (bleach powder) is chemical compound is molecule.
 Ethyl alcohol is present in calcium hypochlorite.  The molecule is the smallest
alcohol.  Turpentine oil is purified by particle in which all properties of
 Pollution from oil purifier steam distillation method. that element are present.
factories is Sulfur dioxide gas.  Sperm is placed in nitrogen for  The stimulated substance in the
 Changing the solution to vapor is artificial insemination. tea is 'Thianine', whereas, coffee
called a physical change.  Alum is used for leather has 'caffeine'.
 Highest in nature Organic refinement.  Most Electro-positive element
compounds is cellulose.  The quality of an atom depends francium (fr)
 A special type of odor sulfur in on the electronic structure.  Iron sulphide (FeS) is called 'False
petroleum.  Determination of age of radio Gold'.
 Isoprene prepared by chemical stones carbon dating is used.  Beverages use benzoic acid to
method  Rusting on iron is an example of prevent alcohol decay.
 The alum contains 4 molecules in oxidation.  Uranium as a fuel in nuclear
the water.  Done Lignite is known in the reactor.
 Ammonium chloride is used for name of brown coal.  The first organic made in the
straining in utensils.  The Latin name for Silver (silver) laboratory is urea.
 Lead metal is used in the is Argystm (Ag).  Cylinders used for artificial
accumulator batteries.  The Latin name for gold is respiration have a mixture of
 The commercial jam of alum is Aurum. oxygen and helium gas.
Potash Alum.
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 Electronegativity is the most in  Flint glass is used in the lens of  The internal energy of the ideal
fluorine. the microscope. gas depends on the heat.
 The chemical name of saline is  Bakelite is used in the pressure  The only nonmetal found in the
ammonium. cooker handle. liquid state is Bromine.
 The chemical name of tears gas is  Taste of alkali is acidic, while the  The chemical name of baking
chloropicrin. taste of acid is sour. soda (soda used to cook) is
 Uranium in nature is often found  The most toxic substance is sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO).
in the form of pitchblende. potassium cyanide.  Helium has two protons in the
 The red lead is called the Sindoor  Ideal gas based on energy and nucleus.
in colloquial language. temperature.  The last of each period of the
 PH value 7 for solution to  Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen periodic table Members have
alkalinity. present in Alcohol. passive gas.
 Phosphorus is the most reactive.  In an electric bulb, the inactive  Cobalt-60 gamma rays emitted
The form is yellow phosphorus. gas like neon.
 Black diamond used to cut lead.  Vegetable ghee is made by
 In the laboratory, nitrous oxide 'hydrogenation process'.
(laughing gas) is formed by  The chemical name of gypsum is
mixing with ammonium sulfate calcium sulfate (Ca2SO4+2H20).
and sodium nitrate.  The chemical name of the caustic
soda is sodium hydroxide
(NaOH).

BIOLOGY
 The largest seed is of Ladosia.
 The best-known BG Plant is Jamia
 Father of biology and animal
Pigmia.
science is called Aristotle.
 The nucleus was discovered by
 Father of medical science is
Robert Brown.
Hippocrates.
 Powerhouse of the cell is
 The discovery of the cell was
mitochondria.  The largest gland found in human
done by Robert Hook in 1665.
 DNA's double helix model was body is Liver.
 The smallest cell is mycoplasma
created by Watson and Crick.  There are two number of renal in
gallosaptium.
 The circulation of blood in the humans.
 The largest cell is ostrich bird’s
whole body causes by the heart.  In 24 hours, man emits about 1.5
egg.
liters of urine.
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 The reason for the color of the  A human body has approximately  There are a total of 206 bone in
leaves being yellow is the 5-6 liters of blood. the human body.
construction of carotene in it.  Red blood cell (RBC) life span is  The number of bones in the skull
 Chloroplast is found in fruit and 120 days. is 22.
flowers.  The main function of red blood  The smallest of the body is the
 Lysosomes are called suicide cell is convection of oxygen and stapes (in the ear).
cells. Carbon dioxide  The function of hormones is to
 Ribosomes are made of RNA and  RBC and WBC are formed in the control all types of chemical
proteins. bone marrow. functions.
 Ribosomes are called proteins'  Spleen is called the blood bank of  The pituitary gland is called the
factory. the body. master glandular gland.
 Chromosomal DNA and proteins  The main function of white blood  The medulla gland controls
made in the nucleus. particle (WBC) is to destroy the blood pressure.
 The centroid contains microbes that comes.  The hormone that controls the
chromosomal DNA and RNA.  The WBC life span is 2-4 days. body's growth and the speed of
 23 pairs of people (46)  The heart rate of the human metabolism is thyroxine.
chromosomes are found in heart is 72 times per minute.  A flowery plant whose seed is
humans.  The amount of blood in the not covered in the fruit, called
 DNA is a type of nucleic acid. human body is the body weight. the bare bug.
 Cell division causes reproduction (Has about 7%)  Study of Shakak-vegetable is
and growth in the organism.  Once the blood circulation called Olee Culture.
 Due to mitosis, organisms (whole body) takes 23 seconds.  Tomato color becomes red due
increase and develop 'Cell' is the  Blood group was discovered in to lycopene.
smallest creative of life and 1901 by Land Steiner.  The largest bird in the world is
functional unit.  Humans have four (A, B, AB, 0) the ostrich.
 About 5000 billion cells in the blood groups.  The strongest element in the
human body.  The blood group O is called the body is enamel on the teeth.
 Chromosomal was discovered by Universal Blood Donor.  The heart of man is four dorsal.
Valdeir.  Blood group AB is called  There is approximately 65-80%
 Johannes had interpreted the universal blood recipient. water in the human body.
word gene.  The pH value of blood is 7.4  Human Determination depends
 The main function of RNA in (alkaline). upon Men (XY).
protein synthesis.  Blood pressure of a healthy man  Iodine is in thyroxine hormone.
 The method of converting from is 120 /80mm/hg.  Measures of low and unbalanced
DNA to RNA is called  Control on whole human body is food cause malnutrition.
transcription, from RNA to done by the nervous system.  20 kinds of amino acids in the
protein is called translation.  The digestive of the protein is human body are found.
 Study of algae is called inevitably.  Protein in milk contains
phycology.  The action of digestion starts carbohydrates, calcium and
 The unborn seed plant is a plant with the mouth. potassium.
that does not have cover or  Absorption occurs in the small  Humans have hemoglobin in the
armor in between. intestine. blood.
 The seedbed vegetable is the one  Blood clot in the body is  The number of chromosomes in
whose veil is found in the seed. happened due to heparin. the meiosis division is halfway.
 Algae is found in abundance in  Protein is not formed due to  The lack of oxygen is a disease
carbohydrates, inorganic Blood is kept at 40 ° F in the called hypoakisma.
substances, vitamins etc. blood bank.  The unit of tract mechanism is
 The smallest ever seed  Essential protein for making called neuron.
vegetable is Lemna. blood clot is fibrinogen.  The largest cell in human body is
 The largest ever seed vegetable  Antigen is found in red blood neuron.
is eucalyptus. cells.  Saliva is cured in the digestion of
 In color blindness, man does not  Antibody is a type of protein that starch.
recognize red and green color. is found in the blood plasma.  1 ATP is the unit of energy.

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 Color blindness is also called  Solar energy is called  The word cell was first used by
Daltonic disease. phototropism in plants. Robert.
 AIDS is caused by HIV virus.  The study of the effort is called  Genetic control is done by DNA.
 In Hemophilia, there is not a cytology.  Protozoa Plasmodium Factor of
blood clot in the disease.  About 60x1013 cells in the human Malaria Female Anopheles
 Kwashiorkor and Marasmus body is found. Infection in Malaria Disease.
Disease due to lack of protein.  The world's largest fruit is  Full form of AIDS 'Acquired
 There are 24 bones in the human jackfruit. Immunity Deficiency syndrome '.
ribs.  Ribosomes are called proteins  White blood particles are
 The human brain has a weight of factory. affected in AIDS.
1350 grams.  Magnesium metal is found in the  The main factor of chicken pox
 Every day, about 1.5 liters of center of chlorophyll. Variola is a viral virus.
urine are formed in humans.  The use of the word genetics is  There are 26 chromosomes in
 The weight of the heart is 300 first by Watson in 1905 AD. the frog.
grams.  The XY chromosome of the male  The fruit produced by the ovary
 Protein present in milk is casein. is only helpful in the sex is called true fruit.
 An enzyme called tylen in saliva determination of the child.  Glucose is produced in a plant
of human beings.  Euglena is called green protozoa. that is stored in the form of
 Dead RBC is destroyed in the  The first plant found on the sericites.
liver. ground is Bryophytes.  The longest cell is nerve cell in
 Pancreas is the second largest  Photosynthesis occurs only in the the human body long (90cm) is
human body organ. day. long.
 Insulin regulates the amount of  The disease caused by influenza  1 Enhances and reproduction of
glucose in the blood virus. cells with energy obtained from
 The digested food is absorbed in  Acacia is found in the human ATP.
the small intestine. body.  The term ecology was first used
 Vitamin B12 is found in cobalt.  The respiratory center is located by the reader.
 Iodine deficiency leads to in the fair.  Jenner was the first to use the
leukemia.  There are 14 bones in the human word 'waxen'.
 During the photosynthesis face.  X-rays to detect disease.
process, oxygen, Water is  The best source of casein is milk.  The enzyme (protein) function
obtained by decomposition.  Carbohydrate is metabolized by rate of a product is to Boosts up.
 The action of photosynthesis is insulin in the body.  The smallest chromosome is in
the fastest in the light of red  There is a semi-divisional division the cavity and the largest
color. in germ cell. chromosome occurs in the
 Vitamin K help in making blood  The largest amount of water in trillium plant.
clot. the organism is water.  Molecular divisions occur in the
 The plant has a genital organ  In photosynthesis, the plant somatic cells.
flower. takes oxygen from water.  Brain disease is identified by
 Carrot, radish, pea, beetroot,  The world's first test tube named E.E.G.
sweet potato etc. is the root. . Louis  Alzheimer's disease affects the
 Ginger, turmeric, potatoes,  World's first test tube baby was human body's brain.
onion, garlic etc. are the in England in July 1978.  The main component of honey is
underground converting stem.  Dwarfness due to lack of fructose.
 The main function of leaves is to hormone called somatropin.  World Tuberculosis Day is
prepare food for the plant.  When taking chlorine element in celebrated on 24th March.
 Lymph helps in wound healing. unbalanced quantities it causes  Dinosaurs were Mesozoic
 The body's largest organ is skin. Chlorosis, which is a salt disease. reptiles.
 The tissues are made of proteins.  Milk contains proteins,  Regulation of heat in the body
 Vitamin A responsible for eye carbohydrates, calcium and control by Hypothalamus of the
diseases. potassium. brain (Hypothalamus).
 Cow's milk is yellow because of  Power during respiration in  White blood corpuscles (WBC)
carotene. mitochondria Turns out Nucleic Protects the body from outside
germs.

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 Due to lack of water in the acid is of two types - DNA and  World's largest terrestrial
human body, Dehydration RNA. mammal is elephant African
occurs.  The weight of the kidney is  The fastest running creature in
 Vitamin D is abundance in fishes approximately 150 grams. the world is cheetah.
liver oil.  Human blood has hemoglobin in  The smallest flying bird Kiwi
 Redness of Red blood in the which Iron is found. (New Zealand).
blood is caused by hemoglobin.  There is iodine in 1 thyroxine  Protein helps in the growth of
 The first replacement of the hormone. the body.
heart was done by Dr. Bernard.  Blood pressure control adrenal  The body gets energy from
 Asthma is caused by allergy. gland. carbohydrates and fat.
 Growth hormone is secreted  Estrogen is a feminine hormone.  Life originated in the pre-
from the pituitary gland.  Charles' Rendering 'Theory of Cambrian period.
 To breathe in the absence of Evolution' was done by Darwin. .  Palapoon oil comes from pine
oxygen, the plant is chlorella.  The study of bone is called trees.
 The word biology was first used osteology.  Aspirin consumption decreases
in 1802 by Lamarck.  Yeasts and mushrooms belong to the risk of heart disease.
 There is Living and inanimate the Fungi category.  Cancer is a group of diseases.
components in the ecosystem.  Naag (King Cobra) is king of  AIDS is not a disease while it’s a
 Biogenesis is the physical basis of snakes. syndrome.
life.  The disease caused by gooseee  There are 24 elements in the
 Glucose is produced in plants. is filarial. human body.
Which stays in the form of  The formation of bile in the body  Cerebrum is a second major part
starch. is in the liver. of the brain.
 Plague is an infectious disease.  Studied mankind in  The common name of mango is
 The organism adapts itself to the Anthropology. Mangi-fera-Indica.
changes in the environment, is  Antibody is produced in  Men have 31 pair of spinal nerve
called Adaptation. lymphocytes. in spinal cord.
 The main function of the kidney  The full name of the BCG Bacillus  The polio vaccine was first
is to remove waste materials calmette guirine. discovered be John Salk.
from the body  ATP is produced in the  Hepatitis is a disease of liver.
 Vitamin D is also called hormone. mitochondria.  Carbohydrate is store in the form
 Iron is found in extract in most  Nephron is also called the of glycogen in body
green vegetables functional unit of renal.  Rh is a type of factor that is
 Malaria affects the spleen of the  Brain is the main part of the found in RBC.
disease. nervous system.  Excess consumption of fluorine
 The main function of the causes fluorosis.
euphoria is to keep the water in  The study of cancer is called
check and there is no complaint ECOLOGY Oncology.
of constipation.  SARS is 'Severe Acquired
 Xylem transmit water from root Respiratory Syndrome' is also a
to leaves. viral disease.
 There is a rainfall and a  The biggest cartilage fish is Shark.
 The father of Ecological science is temperature of 25 ° C for Pulses  Hydrophobia is caused be virus.
Theophrastus. farming Production in Jammu  The main function of the muscles
 In which there are no flowers and Kashmir. is to speed up the body parts.
and seeds, the plant is called  Low temperature for agriculture
Cryptogamus. and Moderate rain is required.  Rhizobium Dill (Legume) Plants
 The world's largest group is  Coconut is a fibrous fruit. Basics Stays in the atmosphere
thalamophyta. which stabilizes atmospheric n
 The rate of photosynthesis is
 The study of algae is called highest in red light. (nitrogen).
phycology.  Mg metal is found in chlorophyll.  Lactobacillus and staphylococcus
 Use of Chloral algae in research  When the fruit is formed in the milk help in making curd.
work. other part of the flower rather

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 Microcytic toxica algae polluted than the ovary, then it is called  Jamia Pigmia is the most
the clean water. false fruit. abandoned plant of
 The cell wall of fungus made of  The fruit that is formed by the gymnosperm.
chitin. ovary itself is called true fruits.  When the seeds live inside the
 Accurate meals in vaccines  Apple, jackfruit, palm are false fruit they are called wrapped
remain in the form of glycogen fruit. seed.
and fat.  The rate of photosynthesis is  Phylum transmit food from
 The study of viral is Virology. lowest in purple light. leaves to roots.
 The size of the virus is usually  After fertilization, the seed is  Ethylene is helpful in cooking the
between 0.15 to 0.2 microns. formed from the ovule. fruit.
 The biological virus has both DNA  Rhizobium bacteria found at the  The best source of protein is
and RNA. root of pulses. soybean.
 Bacteriology Studies of Bacteria  Cucumber has different male and  The longest tree is sequoia.
(Bacteriology). female flowers.  Onion is a modified form of stem.
 The first bacteria were  The fungus contains  The largest ovule occurs in the
discovered by Lewenhawk. photosynthesis. psyche.
 Bacterial name was given in 1829  Oxygen water comes out in the  Lykens is made up of both fungal
by Harenvarg. process of photosynthesis and algae plants.
 Cholera and tuberculosis (TB) by  Photosynthesis occurs only in the  Ethylene is the only hormone
bacteria. day. found in the gaseous form.
 Louis Pasteur discovered the  Green protozoa is known by the  It is the branch of ecology under
vaccine for rabies in 1890. name of paramecium. which organisms are studied in
 Milk is pasteurized at 62 ° C.  An aquatic plant is called relation to their environment.
 Bacteriocytosis made of hydrophyte.  Ecology was defines by A.G.
carbohydrates and protein.  Darwin's has done rendering of Tansley.
 Gibraline was first supplied with the theory of natural selection  Oxides of sulfur and nitrogen are
fungus.  'Agniniraja' disease is related to responsible for acid rain (Acid
 The plants shine by apple. Rain).
phosphorescent in the night.  To measure the growth rate of  CO is called dead air.
 Flower is the genital organ of the the stem correctly the  CFC (chlorofluorocarbon)
plant. oxygenometer is used. destroys ozone division.
 The male genitalia of the flower  First stable compound of  The study of fruit is called
is Androecium. photosynthesis Phosphoglycerin pomology.
 Fertilization is conjugation of is acid.  On December 3, 1984, a leak of
male and female gametes. methyl isocyanides gas from
 14% of oxygen is come from only AGRICULTURAL – Bhopal's Union Carbide plant was
Amazon forest. leaked.
 Relationship of organism and its
SCIENCE  Study of Desert Plants Genotypes
surroundings is basically known (xerophytes).
as ecology.  Chhattisgarh is known as “Bowl  The largest ever seed vegetable
of rice”. plant is eucalyptus.
 Central Rice Research Institute is  The smallest evergreen plant
 Go and Godavari river delta in Cuttack. Lemna (aquatic Plant).
region is called 'rice bowl' of  'Indian Agricultural Research  The smallest chromosome is
India. Institute' is in New Delhi. found in algae.
 Jhoom Agriculture is most occur  Indian sugarcane research
in Assam in India.
institute is in Lucknow.
 Indian Agricultural Research  The study of fruit is called
 The Central Potato Research
Institute (IARI) was established in pomology.
Institute is in Shimla.
1905 at a place called Pusa of  The art of growing dwarf plant is
Bihar.  'Central Tobacco Research
called bonsai.
 The best soil for wheat Institute' is in Raja Mundari.
 The British Government first
cultivation is 'Domat'.  'National Dairy Research
adopted a forest policy in 1894.
 Maize is 'Queen of Grain'. Institute' is in Karnal.

Page | 80
 Masur is a Rabi pulse crop.  20% of the total national income  The basis of artificial
 Madhya Pradesh is known as in India is come from agriculture. precipitation is propylene oxide
'Soya Pradesh'.  Black soil suitable for cotton gas.
 India's national fruit is mango. cultivation.  Disease 'blast' is related to
 The "apple of the poor" is called  The local name of black soil is paddy.
guava. 'Rigor Soil'.  Artificial rayon is called silk.
 Cardamom is called 'Queen of  The 'tikka' disease is related to  Alfonso is a type of mango.
Spices'.
the groundnut.  Mushrooms is the fungus.
 The oldest fruit is 'date'.
 Urea contains 46% nitrogen.  China is the largest producer of
 Silk worm is called 'cocoon'.
 Urea occurs in the form of silk.
 Coconut insects are a feast of
mulberry leaves.
nitrogen amide.  Sericulture is related to silk
 Turpentine, pine tree is prepared  In India, the creator of Green production.
from resins. Revolution is M.S. Swami Nathan.  'Pusa manesty' is a species of
 Kharif crops are sown in June-  Soybean contains the highest papaya.
September. protein.  Most of the area in India is for
 Rabi crops are sown in October-  Agriculture contributes 18% to mangi-fera-indica.
November the total exports of the country.  India is second in vegetable
 Carrot is red due to 'carotene'.  World Forest Day is celebrated production in the world.
 In temperate, fruits grown in on March 21.  'Pusa-Mukta' is a major variety of
India  150 cm high for paddy crop and cauliflower.
 Nasik is called the garden of the best temperature is 25-30 °  Bitter bit is due to glycosylates in
grapes. C. mustard oil.
 Studies of crops of vegetables  The chipkoo movement is related  The number of elements
and flowers are called to preventing the harvesting of required for plants is 16.
horticulture.
trees.  The first grain used by humans
 Paddy, maize, jawaar, millet,
 Chipkoo movement was initiated was wheat.
cotton, groundnut. Etc. are Kharif
crops. . Rabi, wheat, peas, Chana by Lal bahuguna.  Most of the wheat is grown in
barley, lentils, mustard etc. are  Green Revolution reflected in the Uttar Pradesh.
Rabi crops. Fourth Five Year Plan.  The percentage of proteins in
 The reason for the smell in garlic  The first dwarf variety of paddy soybean is 40%.
is 'Allicin'. in the world is IR-8.  The appropriate time of wheat
 The reason for the red color in sowing is November-December. .
chilli is 'capsynthin'.
ANIMAL –  Plant Nitrogen Acquired as we do
 'Garden of spices' is called Nitrate.
Kerala. HUSBANDARY  Sugarcane originated in Spain.
 The first agricultural calculation  Uttar Pradesh is the state's most
was done in 1970 AD.  In the pasteurization process, sensitive region.
milk is boiled at 620 C for 20  Famous 'Khaira Disease' in
Minutes. Paddy is due to zinc deficiency.
 Scientific name of the cow is Bos  The highest sheep in India is  Most alluvial soil is found in
Indicus. found in Rajasthan. India.
 Cows give 8 to 10 children during  'Murrah’ buffalo is identified
her life period. with rings and horns. 
 There are 32 breeds of cows  The amount of fat in ghee is 99%.
found.  The color of the milk is due to  The 'White Revolution' relates to
 The scientific name Buffalo is yellow carotene. milk production.
Bubelus.  Camel uses its grapefruit to store  Apiculture is related to
 The average life span is 25 years. fat. beekeeping.
 From the hoop and chestnuts in  The density of milk is measured  The average weight of poultry
the breed of goat gives wool. with lactometer equipment. eggs is 5.5 grams.

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 The milk of cow Contains  The scientific name of the sheep  India's largest fish producing
carbohydrate and lactose. is the ovis aeries. state west Bengal.
 The color of cow’s milk is white is  The average life span of a dog is  Goat is known as 'cow of poor'.
due to presence of casein. 12 years.  'Merino' is a sheep species.
 Maximum goats is found in  Nelshree sheep is found in Tamil  'National Milk Research Institute'
Australia. Nadu. is located in Karnal (Haryana).
 Faimina is a goat breed.  There is nitrogen and  The white revolution in India
 Maximum production of milk is phosphorus in fertile matter of started in the year 1970.
done in Uttar Pradesh. goat.  The red revolution is related to
 Excess fat found in Rain dear’s  There are two types of buffalo meat production.
milk. Anoop and Nadiyae.  'Afraid disease' is related to
 Operation flood is related to  There are two incisor teeth in the croaking animals.
dairy development. cow and Ox at the time of birth.  Animals do not have teeth in the
 These Dairy Boards were  25 types of minerals are found in upper jaws.
established in 1965. cow's milk.  The Indian dairy rule was
 Anthrax disease is related to cow  Cow milk is 10 times more established in the year 1970.
and buffalo. carotene than buffalo's milk.  India is fifth in egg production.
 Ranikhet is the most fatal illness  Carotene produces Vitamin-A by  The goats of the Sanan breed are
in hens. reaching the body. called the 'Queen of milk'.
 Establishment of Central  In animals, the permanent tooth  The largest milk buffalo in India
Gosvardhana Samiti, 1952. leaves after 4-5 years. is Muri.
 Number of cocks in India about  Buffalo has respiratory speeds of  The first artificial insemination
40 per square kilometer. 15-20 times per minute. was started in India in 1945 in
 Corkage is most massive breed of  The carbohydrate after giving a Ijjattnagar Bareilly.
cow. female child is called gonce  The highest pigs in India are
 The gestation period of buffaloes (colostrum). found in the Uttar Pradesh.
is 310 days.  Indian cows are called Tea cup  The position of China in world pig
 There are about 21 breeds of cow. farming is progressive.
goats found in India.  Cow's female children are calves  Winter and spring is the most
 The goat's gestation period is 150 and male are called bull. suitable season for reproduction
days. in goats.
 Life of a camel is 40 years.  The most goat in India is shifted
COMPUTER SCIENCE
 The gestation period of camel is to Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.
365 to 400 days.  Queen Fly gives an average of
 The largest animal fair in India 1500 eggs a day.
seems to be in Sonpur.  MAN stands for Metropolitan  Alsar in fishes is caused be virus.
 = area network.  The third and final phase of
 WAN stands for wide area Operation Flood ended in 1996.
 Commuter’s name in Hindi is network.  Most proteins are in sheep's
called “Sangnak”.  CAN stands for Campus area milk.
 Father of computer is Charles network.  The best breed for egg of hens is
Babbage.  ALU stand for arithmetic logic Orpintgon.
 Computer is an electronic device. unit.
 The first calculating device is  DOS and WINDOWS are both  Computer impurity is called the
Abacus. operating systems. class.
 Abacus was discovered be china.  First computer in India was in 16  The fastest printer is laser
 Digital computer is 'ambassador'. August 1986. printers.
 The first computer built is  Gambia suffered from Y2K  CAD stands for 'Computer Aided
Siddhartha. problem. Design'.
 Dr. Reddy did PHD first in  'E'-trade' means business on the
computer science. internet.
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 The 'IC' chips used in computer  Internet was first used in  Oracle is a database software.
which is made of America’s security center.  Computer understands machine
semiconductors.  Joystick is used to play games. language.
 Silicon Valley is located in  NOT gate is accomplish input.  The length of a word is measured
Bangalore.  HTML stands for Hypertext in bit.
 The list of programs is in the markup language.  The main device of computer is
menu.  HTTP stands for Hypertext keyboard.
 Central processing unit is brain of transfer protocol.  Mouse is input device, while
computer.  MS-word has file extension .doc. monitor is output device.
 WWW stands for World Wide  Backup plan is used to secure  IBM is a full-fledged international
Web. data. business machine.
 The first language developed for  CD-RCM stands for compact disk  Hard disk speed 3600 cycles per
computer programming is read only memory. minute.
FORTRAN.  AVAST is type of antivirus.  Small flickering line on the
 DOS stands for Disc operating  LINUX is an open source computer screen is called Cursor.
system. operating system that can be  The process of shutting down the
 The base of the computer is modified by anyone and more computer is called Shut Down.
Binary Number Method (0/1). secure than windows.  Computer Start-up Process Boot
 A byte is equal to 8 bits.  Cursor is used to point on up (Boot Up).
 1 KB is equal to 1024 bytes. monitor via mouse.  VDU is both input as well as
 The full form of RAM is Random  UPS stands for unrestricted output device.
Access Memory. power supply.  12 function key are found in
 The full form of ROM is Read  1 GB is equal to 1024 MB. computer.
Only Memory.  101 board computer is best.  The monitor is called VDU. Both
 'Prolog' is the fifth generation  Computer has developed nine VDU input and output type. Is
Computer programming generations. the device.
Language.  Monitor is called VDU.  MCIR stand for magnetic
 John Napier's discovered  Fastest computer is T-3A. character ink recognition.
logarithm in 1614 AD.  Digitalization is used to convert
 In the 2000, the problem found analog into digital signals.
in computer area is Y2K. UNIVERSE  ASCII code has 1 character of 8
 1960 had a great achievement in bytes.
computers field.  Saturn is formed from hydrogen  Magnetic disk has iron oxide
 Indian Institute of Information and helium gases. layer.
Technology is headquartered in  All the stars generate energy due  Binary number system has 0 and
Hyderabad. to the nuclear fusion reaction. 1.
 “PARAM” super computer was  Orion is a constellation.  WWW was discovered in 1989-
developed by C-DAC in pune.  Milk Mekhla is a sky Ganga. 90.
 The substance of the active star's  Norton is an antivirus tool.
 The vast sky that surrounds earth crude is in the gas form.
is called universe.  Some of the meteors are reached
 Large clusters of stars are called earth without any burnt.  The distance of the Earth from
Galaxy or sky Ganges.  The distance of two galaxies is the Sun is approximately
 Our galaxy is Milky Way galaxy increasing. 1.496x1015 Km.
and its spiral in nature.  Black holes is infinitely intensive  The planet of the longest
 Diameter of our galaxy is 10 light body. distance from the Sun is Venus.
years.  India's first artificial satellite was  The sun revolves around its axis,
 There are about 1011 galaxies are Aryabhata. which is the rotation. The period
present and each galaxy has 1011  When writing with pen in is approximately 25 days.
stars. universe its ink get fall out due to
low pressure.
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 Light year is used to measure  A person in a lift feel lesser  The clouds are mainly hydrogen
distance which is approximately weight than actual due to and helium gases and they have
equal to 9.46*1016meter. weightlessness. a Thermostate at -176 ° C.
 The brightest star Cyrus' distance  The day temperature on the  When the fusion reaction occurs
from Earth is about 8.7 light moon is 100 ° C. inside the star, the hydrogen
years.  Radius of earth is 6.378 km. becomes converted into helium.
 Parsek is also the second  The night temperature on the  The outer visible part of the sun
quantum of celestial distance. moon is 1800 C. is about 6,000 K.
 1 Parsek equals 3.26 light years.  The source of the sun's energy is  Mercury travels around the Sun
 Our Sun is a mediocre star, the nuclear fusion. in 88 days.
whose death is in the form of  Sun day period is of 24 hours.  The circle around the ring is
white waman.  Diameter of sun is 13,92,000 km. Saturn.
 Astronomers determine the time  Smallest satellite of universe is  Moon is the only satellite of the
of the birth of our world “Demos”. Earth that takes 27.3 days to
approximately 15 x 106 year.  The time to reach moon’s light complete an orbiting the Earth.
 The phenomenon of continuous on the earth is 1 minute 3  Haile’s caudal star appears after
circulation in the universe is seconds, while to reach sun 76 years.
called the Big Bang. The Big-Bags light’s to the earth is 8 minutes.  The subtle objects that revolve
were created by Hawel.  The innermost core of sun is around the sun are known as
 The warmest planet in the Solar called Crude. meteors or shooting stars.
System is Venus.  The outermost visible part of sun  The heat of the center of the
 The number of planets in the is called photosphere. Earth is about 40000 C and the
solar system is 8.  Sun’ mass is 99.9% to the whole pressure is about 37 million
 The largest planet is Jupiter. solar system. times atmospheric pressure.
 The planet closest to the Sun is  Biggest satellite of Saturn is  Earth is covered with gaseous
Mercury. Titan. covering which is the
 The proximity to the Earth is atmosphere.
Proxima Century.  Earth is pre-rotated on its axis
 The upper layer of the Earth is
SCIENTIFIC FACTS from the west.
called the earth crust.  At the surface of the Earth,
 The sun is at the center of the  Ocean is appear to be blue due mainly in the atmosphere
solar system. to reflection of light Nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%)
 The planet with the most  Rainbow is happen due to total  At an altitude of about 16km
satellites is Jupiter. internal reflection of light after from the surface of the earth
rain water vapors’. Ozone layer is present that block
 Two planets between Sun and
 Light appear to be travel in a the passage for UV rays comes
Earth are Venus and Mercury.
straight line because amplitude from the sun.
 Saturn planet is mainly made of of wavelength is not so high.
hydrogen and helium.  Rainfall and other weather
 Diamond shines at night because changes in troposphere.
high refractive index of it.
 The cooker cooks quickly in the  The closest layer to the Earth is
 Stars shines because atmosphere
cooker, because the boiling point the troposphere.
refraction.
increases.  Sun seems to be red at the time
 Ice/oil floats on the surface of  Hot food is tastier due to lesser
of sunset because red color have
water due to its low density. surface tension.
highest wavelength hence it
 Due to minimum surface tension scattered most.  Dew falls because of low
atmospheric pressure.
rain drops are spherical in  Electrical engineerings use
rubber gloves because they avoid  Weight at moon is 1/6th of earth
nature.
because of gravitational force.
 The sky is blue due to scattering chances of completing circuit
from them.  Season/day-night formation on
effect of violet light in VIBGYOR.
 Never sleep beneath tree at night earth due to rotation of earth.
because it produces carbon
dioxide at night.
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 The person stuck in the bog is  Sodium and potassium are  In winter, water pipe gets burst
says to lay down to reduce placed in a kerosene oil to avoid because volume of water
pressure by increasing area. its reaction with oxygen increases when it becomes solid.
 Hair of shaving brush are betting  Tungsten is used in filament bulb  Cream particles get separate
each other due to surface because its melting point is very from milk because of central
tension. high. force.
 In Lantern, oil sucks upward due  The light of thunder appears first  Steel bullet floats on mercury
then its sound comes because because bullet’s density is lower
to capillary action.
speed of light is faster than than mercury.
 Resonance is happen due to
speed of sound.  Bottom walls of damn is thicker
reflection of sound. because pressure of matter
 When 2 pieces of ice pressed increases as it goes deep in
together then they stick together water.
due to increase in pressure  Person pushes itself forward
boiling point decreases. while climbing mountain, to
 Clouds fly due to low density. increase speed.
 In high windy day dew is not so  Pencil dipped in a glass appears
much due to high evaporation tilde because of refraction of
rate. light.
 Mercury is used in the  Concave mirror is used be dentist
thermometer. Because the to magnify the view of teeth.
mercury is hot. Thus it spreads  Convex mirror is used in cars to
more. see enlarge view.
 Mirage formation in west India is
due to total internal refraction of
light.

IMPORTANT LAWS AND PRINCIPLE OF SCIENCE

 Pascal’s law: In balanced forces pressure from each side is equal.

 Ohm's law for electric circuit: Voltage is proportional to current if the temperature doesn't change.
 Boyle's law for gases: Pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature.
 Hooke's law for springs: Force is proportional to extension if you don't stretch a spring too much.
 The law of conservation of energy: Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
 The law of conservation of matter: Matter can neither be created nor destroyed.
 Newton's 2nd Law: Force = mass x acceleration

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  Newton’s 1st law: If an object is in static or dynamic condition then it will remain same until any
external force is applied.
 Newton’s 3rd law: Every action has equal and opposite reaction.
 Bernoulli’s theorem: In fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a
fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.
 Kirchhoff’s first principle: At any junction in a circuit, the sum of the currents arriving at the junction
= the sum of the currents leaving the junction.(current remain conserve)
 Kirchhoff’s second principle: In any loop (path) around a circuit, the sum of the incoming energy=
the sum of the outgoing energy
 Newton’s Law of gravitation: Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts
every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
 Archimedes principle: It stating that anybody completely or partially submerged in
a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is
equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
 Darwin’s nature law selection: Fittest body will be survive in nature.
 Doppler’s law: An increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the
source and observer move towards (or away from) each other.
 Charles law: A law stating that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure is directly
proportional to the absolute temperature.
 Conservation of momentum: For a collision occurring between object 1 and object 2 in an isolated
system, the total momentum of the two objects before the collision is equal to the
total momentum of the two objects after the collision.
 Law of conversation of energy: In physics, the law of Conservation of Energy states that the total
energy of an isolated system remains constant — it is said to be conserved over time.
 Ampere's Law: It states that for any closed loop path, the sum of the length elements times the
magnetic field in the direction of the length element is equal to the permeability times the electric
current enclosed in the loop.
 Kepler’s first law: The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the two foci.
 Kepler’s second law: A line segment joining a planet and the Sun sweeps out equal areas during equal
intervals of time.
 Kepler’s third law: The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi-
major axis of its orbit.

 The study of heredity and the GENETICS  The first artificial genes were
variation of inherited manufactured by Hargovind
characteristics, is called Genetics.  In 1911, Wilson had discovered Khurana in the year 1970 in yeast
 Genetics word was first used by the color blindness disease that alanine t-RNA.
W. Watson in 1905. is also called "Dalton disease".  The first DNA synthesis in the
 Mendel used pea plant for hybrid  Patient cannot identify red and laboratory was done by
experiments. green color in the disease in Hargovind Khurana.
 Father of genetics is Gregor color blindness.  Genetic mutation occurs in
Mendel.  Gene is the smallest structural chromosomes.
 Hemophilia is a genetically and functional unit of DNA  As long as the organism has
disease in male, in which blood (Deoxyribose nucleic acid). control of two or more different
doesn’t clott. In this female are symptoms, then this
phenomenon Called Pleiotropies.
Page | 86
 carrier and it happened first to  Chromosomes were first seen by  The first replacement of the
queen Elizabeth. Hoffmester in a microscope in heart was done by Dr. Christian
 Gene word first used by Johnsons 1848. Barnard.
in 1909.  The chromosome was named by  The structure of the DNA was
 DNA is a genetic material proved W. Wieldier 1888. first highlighted by Watson and
by Griffith.  DNA proteins are found inside Crick.
 Cancer producing gene is the chromosome, which is called  Double Helix Model of DNA was
Oncogene. chromatin. given by Watson and Crick.
 DNA fingerprinting is use to  The number of chromosomes in  In humans, the child is born to
identify parent of lost child. humans is 46 (23 pairs) in which the male's Y and the woman's X
 RNA is stands for Ribonucleic 22 pairs are equal and one pair is chromosome.
acid. uneven.  XX and XY method were
 ElISA is Enzyme linked immuno  The amount of DNA measured in discovered by Wilson and
sorbent assay. Pico gram. Stevens.
 AIDS is Acquired immuno  Genotype of XY type  Down syndrome copy of
deficiency syndrome. chromosomes in humans helps in chromosome occur.
 HIV stands for Human immuno Determination of foetus.  DNA is hydrophilic in nature
virus.  In females, the gender is because water makes bond with
 DPT is Dipheria pertussis tetanus. displayed by the XX symbol in hydrogen present inside DNA.
 BCG is Bacillus calmette guirine. pairs and by the XY symbol in the  Klinefelter syndrome is a disease
 20 amino acid present in protein male. in which male born with XXY
that code for 64 genes.  DNA has 4 nitrogenous bases extra copy of chromosome.
 Jumping gene was given by adenine guanine cytosine  Phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis,
Barbra maclelundtok. thymine. sickle cell anemia are the
 Firstly protoplasm was used by  Adenine is linked with thymine examples of mendilian disorders.
J.E. purkanjey in 1839. with 2 hydrogen bonds while  Drosophila melanogaster used
 If tall plant is crossed with short guanine and cytosine is linked for experiment in genetics
height plant then the product with 3 hydrogen bonds. because its population is in big
formed is dwarf.  RNA is single stranded having quantity, also it reproduces early.
 When red flower is crossed with Uracil at the place of thymine.  Alleles present in blood is A, B,
white flower then it gives pink  64 triplet of codon is called AB, I.
flower. (Experiment perform by codon.  Rh factor shows presence of
Mendel)  Mendel gave law of segregation, protein layer on RBC, if it’s
 The inheritance of blood type is law of dominance for positive then present else
controlled by multiple allele. understanding of Genetical absent.
 Height is not a polygenic trait of
engineering.
human being.

Page | 87
UNIT-MEASUREMENT Symbol of various - pH of some general matter
1 Millisecond =10-3 Second degree of 10 Matter pH
-1
1 microsecond = 10-6 Second 10 = Deci Pure water 7
1 Nanosecond = 10-9 Second 10-2 = Centi Vinegar 2.4
1 Horse power = 746 watt 10-3 = Milli Alcohol 2.8
1 Fathom = 6 feet 10-6 = Micro
Milk 6.4
00 C = 32O F 10-9 = nano
Sea water 8.4
-400 C = -400 F 10-12 = pico
10-15 = femto Saliva 6.5
1 Barrel = 159 liter Urine 6
1 Carat = 200 milligram 101 = atto
102 = hecto Blood 7.4
1 Cabell = 100 Fathom
1 micro mine = 0.001 MM 103 = kilo Lemon 2.2
1 Bar = 106 Danios 106 = mega Coffee 4.5-5.5
1 Ream = 20 Dastan 1012 = tera Bear 4-5
1015 = peta Tomato juice 4.5-5.5

Equipment to measure Scientific names Sound produced in

distance decimal

Human= homo sapiens Normal talk = 30-40

1 Parsec = 3*1016 m
Frog= Rana tigrina Noise = 50-60
1 light year = 9.46*1015 m
Cat =fells domestica Wrying =15-20
1 Astronautic mile= 1.49*1011 m
Dog=Canis familaris Traffic = 70
1 micron mine = 10-6 m
Cow=Bos Indicus Jet plane = 140-150
1 nautical mile= 1.852 km
Fly= Musca domestica Siren = 110-120
1 Armstrong =10-10 m
Mango=mangifera indica Missile = 180
1 newton = 105 Dyne
Grain=oryza sativa Micro wave = 6*106 - 3* 102
1 Joule ==107 Arg
Wheat=triticum aestivm
1 calorie = 4.18 joule
Pea=pisum sativum
1 electron volt =1.16*10-19 joule
Chana=cicer arietinum
1kg calorie = 103 calorie
Sarso= Brassca campestris
1 watt hour=3600 joule

Page | 88
MATTER RELATED POINTS DISEASE LARGEST/SMALLEST
AFFECTED IN RESPECT OF
Total found elements - 119
Natural elements - 98 ORGANS PLANTS
Artificial elements - 20
Metals - 91 Biggest flower – Rafflesia arnoldii
Pneumonia,TB, cough, Smallest flower –Wolffia
Non-metals - 27
Bronchitis, Asthma- Lungs Heaviest wood- harvivia Vanesa
Most abundant element - oxygen
Typhoid, Diarrhea, Largest evergreen tree-
Most abundant metal - Aluminum
ascariasis-Intestine eucalyptus(mountain ash)
Lightest element -Hydrogen
Polio, Rabies, Mirgi, Tetanus- Longest tree- sikona
Heaviest element - Osmium
Neuron system Biggest seed-Ladosia
Lightest metal – lithium
Scurvy, pyorrhea –Teeth Smallest seed-Arched
Best metal conductor –silver
Hepatitis B, yellowishness- Biggest egg- Saerus
Best non-metal conductor – graphite
liver Smallest leave- Wolffia
Bones and teeth made of - Calcium
Plague- RBC Largest chromosome- Algae
Kept in kerosene oil – sodium
Malaria- RBC Biggest fruit- jackfruit
Most malleable -Aluminum
Diabetes- pancreas Smallest fruit- Wolffia
Most ductile - gold
Thyroid- thyroid gland Smallest algae- Clamydonomas
Trachoma, glaucoma, myopia Biggest algae- microcystis
raho- Eye
Smallpox- Whole body
Aids- immune system
Influenza- Respiratory
system
Diphtheria, asthma-
respiratory system
Meningitis- brain
Kalazar- bone marrow

Gestation period Mixture of colors Acid and their Natural

Elephant- 624 days Red and blue source
Horse- 330 days - Magenta Formic acid- Red ant
Tiger – 155 days Red and green Citric acid- citrus fruit
Dog - 63 days -yellow
Buffalo- 300 days
Benzoic acid – grass, leaves
Green and blue Oxalic acid- tomato
Mouse- 21 days
-peacock blue Acetic acid-vinegar
Cheetah- 95 days
Wolf- 63 days
Red and peacock blue Nitric acid- fitkari
Cat- 50 days - white Tartaric acid- tomato
Donkey – 365 days Green and magenta Hydrochloric acid- stomach
Goat – 151 days -white Tannic acid- tea
Camel- 400 days Blue and yellow Uric acid –urea
Cow-284 days -white Mallic acid- apple/fruits
Pig – 114 days Red and green and blue Amino acid- protein
-white Lactic acid- milk

Page | 89
 MODEL SET – 1 MODEL SET – 2 MODEL SET –3

Current is measure by Purest gold is of Calcium, potassium and cadmium

–Ammeter -24 carat is mainly from
Scaler quantities Quartz is -Dolomite, Nittier, greenokite
-Work, energy, temperature, -silicon and oxygen Natural gas is mixture of
time, velocity. Purest form of iron is -Butane and propane
Maximum wavelength and - wrought iron For fragrance LPG has
maximum frequency lights Hardest nonmetal contamination
-red and violet -diamond -of Ethyl mercaptain
Best conductor Natural rubber is Polymer made from cellulose is
-Silver -Isoprene -Rayon
Hardest element Man-made polymer Refractive index of diamond
-platinum -Nylon -2.2 and 2.42
Dry ice Purest coal At Normal temperature 1 gram
-solid CO2 -Anthracite(96% carbon) molecule volume is
Present in nucleus Lightest metal -22.4 liter
-proton and neutron -Lithium 1 mole is
Green color in fire cracker is Chemical used to ripening of fruits -6.023*1023
-Barium -acetylene Cadmium is used in
Non-stick utensils have layer of To convert iron into alloy -nuclear reactor
-Teflon -Nickel is used. Wavelength of light is
Gas not found in Atmosphere Vitamin was discovered be -3600 Armstrong
-Radon -Funk(1911) Speed of light
Gas used in filling of balloon Mental and physical development -3*108 m/s
-helium of children lacks Effect of sound on ear is
Chemical used in photography -Due to Thyroxine -1/10 second
-Silver bromide Blood pressure is measure by For echo the distance between
Hardness of water is due to -sphygmomanometer speaker and listener
-Calcium and magnesium Human cannot listen -is 17m
bromides -ultrasonic waves Longitudinal wave is
To remove hardness of water Average life span of WBC is -sound and light wave
-potassium chloride -2-4 days Time period of secondary
To prevent from rusting Nitrogen present in Atmosphere is pendulum is
-zinc coating is used -78% -2 sec
Acid rain contains Camera, binoculars’ lens made of Time period of pendulum doesn’t
-Sulphur and nitrous oxides -flint glasses depend on
Alloy made from iron, nickel, Mercury, aluminum’ main -mass
chromium elements Soldier is alloy of
Bones and teeth made of -cinnabar, cuprite, and oxide -lead and tin
-calcium phosphate

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MODEL TEST – 4 MODEL TEST – 5 MODEL TEST – 6

Vitamin C is abundant in Plasmodium causes Trachoma and glaucoma is related

-Gooseberry -malaria to
Main work of human lungs is Positron is related to -eye
-Inhale oxygen and exhale carbon -electron Black diamond and black glass is
dioxide Modified roots are -Carbonate and graphite
Function of kidney -Radish, carrot, sweet potato. Smallest bone of human body is
-To eject waste material of body Stems are -Stapes
Not able to see is happen due to -Potato, onion Life hormone is
deficiency of Iron is maximum in -Adrenal
-vitamin A -spinach Photosynthesis is maximum in
Rhizobium is a Blood in healthy body is -red color
-stem -5-6 liter Suicidal cells
Small pox vaccine was discovered Balance of oxygen in atmosphere -lysosomes
by is by DNA and RNA both are
-Edward Jenner -photosynthesis -nucleic acid
Total bones in human body is Study of fungus is called Normal temperature of human
-206 -Mycology body
Longest bone in human body is Chromosome in human -370 C
-Femur -23 pairs Butane and propane is present in
Strongest bone of human body RBC formed in -petrol
-Enamel -Bone marrow Protein factory is
Heart beats Insulin is secrete by -Ribosome
-72 times per minute -pancreas Muscles in human body is
Blood is red due to Pituitary gland is present in -639
-Hemoglobin -brain Biggest bird
Life span of RBC is Thyroxine is secrete by -ostrich
-120 days -thyroid gland Bones present in skull
To clott of blood Fishes breathe -22
-vitamin k is responsible -from gills Genetic code was given by
Liquid part of cell is Rich source of vitamin A is -Hargovind Khurana
-plasma -Carrot Sex chromosome found in male is
Universal donor blood group is Acid found in stomach is -XY
-O -HCl Photosynthesis is done by
Universal acceptor blood group is Lichen is made of -oxygen water and sunlight
-AB -algae and fungus Diabetes is caused by
Bile juice is secrete from Hemoglobin is red due the -imbalance in secretion of insulin
-liver presence of Primary part of plant for
-iron photosynthesis is
-leaves

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-nitroglycerine -indifferent Cords in spinal cord of human
Chlorophyll contains Maximum no. of electrons in shell being
-magnesium is -31
Cobalt 60 produces -8 First computer discovered in India
-gamma rays Acid on litmus paper -C. brain
Escape velocity of earth is -litmus becomes red “SUHAGA’” chemical name is
-11.2 km/s Base on litmus paper -borax
Alcohol is used at -litmus becomes blue Penicillin main source is
-Less than 400 C In acids which compound is must -fungus
When matter is heated then -hydrogen Main source of Cocaine is
-its volume increases DDT is used as -Erythozylem coca
Speed of light is depend on -insecticide Bile juice is secrete from
-medium Formation of soap is called -liver
Speed of sound is maximum in -soapification Study of fruits
-steel How much part of blood is plasma -pomology
A normal human eye can see -60% Biggest part of brain
maximum distance is Respiratory system -cerebrum
-infinity -oxidation occur Blood group was discovered by
Reflecting nature of light is Digestion of food is by -Landsteiner
-concave -acidic medium Study of flowers
Heater wire is made of Weight of kidney is -anthology
-Nichrome -150 gram Lacrimal gland is found in
Protein mass is how much more In 24 hour human excrete -eye
than mass of electron -1.5 liter of water Rubber is
-1840 times Hormone work -A natural polymer
CO2 gas is -control chemical reactions Abundant element of universe
-acidic in nature Ribosome is present on -hydrogen
Sensory action of human body is -Endoplasmic reticulum Safety lamp is discovered by
by Sound unit in CGS -Humphrey
-neuron cells -decibel Depth of sea is measure by
Thermometer was discovered by Sound of heart and lungs is listen -fathometer
-Fahrenheit by Principle of light wave was
-stethoscope proposed by
-newton

MODEL TEST -19 MODEL TEST -20

MODEL TEST – 21
Plant that lives in absence of
Dehydration person feel lack of
oxygen
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