*English Course*
-: Reading and vocabulary -
Vocabulary :-
- Professional – sailor ( sail) – take part ( taking part ) –
toughest ( tough ) – north – south – east – west – coast –
clockwise ( antonym : counterclockwise ) – take place
( takes place ) – competitors – course – prepared
( unprepared ) – amount – survival – importance – risk –
in addition – knowledge – weather – physical – via - rely
( relying ) ( reliable ) ( unreliable ) – passion –
demonstrated – across – opinion – informative – joyful -
despite – ocean – solo – spend – deck – below – cabin –
crawl – leak – loose – bolts – maintenance – navigation –
rout ( routing ) – autopilot – steering – snatches -
instruments – exhausting – strict -
– Suffix : -or -
- The suffix -or means the one who does something
- it is used to create nouns that means a profession or a
performer
- Examples :-
- Actor
- Editor
- Spectator
- Doctor
- Author
- Tailor
- Sailor
- Visitor
-: Grammar -
– The object of the sentence -
In grammar, an object is the thing or person that the *
*verb is done to, or who receives the verb
-:Direct object -
Direct objects are the thing, person, or event being -
acted upon. This noun, noun phrase, or pronoun results
.from an action
the subject performs an action, and the product is the (
) object
-: Examples -
I like football -
He watches TV -
She loves pizza -
I like football -
* The direct object answers the question (Like what?) *
- Indirect Object Examples
Indirect objects are the recipients of verbs, as opposed -
.to direct objects being the product of an action
-: Examples -
.Mary offered May a pillow -
Send me the location -
The correct verb in this sentence is “offered,” which *
the indirect object “May” received. “Pillow” is a
direct object because it answers the question,
*”?“offered what
Underline the direct object, and circle the indirect -
.object
.I see my friend everyday -
My friend loves football -
Give me the remote -
– Object pronouns -
Subject I He She It They We You
Object me him her it they us you
-: Examples -
.I called him everyday -
.he plays football with me -
.I take her to school everyday -
- Gerunds -
-.A gerund is a verb form that functions as a noun -
A gerund is created by adding the suffix "-ing" to the -
.base form of a verb
Like all nouns, gerunds can be used as subjects, -
-.objects of verbs, objects of prepositions
-:Examples -
.Maria enjoys hiking -
.I like playing football -
.They enjoy fishing -
– Infinitives -
- Example:-
- I like to paint
- We agreed to meet
– Present continuous -
-:Form -
Subject + verb to be + verb -ing -
Pronoun Verb to be
I am
He
She is
It
They
We are
You
-:Examples -
I am studying -
He is playing football -
They are watching TV -
* We often use certain time expressions with the
present continuous, such as: at the moment, right now,
now, currently.
–Present continuous Negative -
-:Form -
Subject + Verb to be + not ( n’t ) + verb -ing -
-:Examples -
.I am not studying -
.He _________( play) video games -
.They _________ ( watch ) TV -
.She __________ (eat) lunch -
.We __________ ( study ) for the exam -
–Present continuous Yes/No questions -
-:Form -
?.…+ Verb to be + Subject + verb -ing -
-:Examples -
- _____________he reading a book?
- Yes,______________
- No,_______________
they watching TV ______________ -
______________ ,Yes -
_______________ ,No-
– Present continuous -wh questions -
-:Form -
?…wh question word + verb to be + verb -ing -
-:Examples -
?What are you doing -
__________________________ -
?Where are you going -
__________________________-
-:Make Present Continuous sentences -
Peter/try/to save/money 1
_______________________________________)+(
_____
)?( Why/those children/cry 2
_________________________________________
____
)?( All your friends/play football/this afternoon 3
_____________________________
)-( She/look/very well/today 4
_________________________________________
__
)+( I think she/make/ a big mistake 5
______________________________________
)-( You/wear/your usual glasses 6
________________________________________
)+( I/hope/ to get a new job 7
_________________________________________
___
The 10.15 train from London to Edinburgh/run/today 8
)?(
_________________________________________
_________________________
-:Listening -
A student discussion
Listen to two students comparing Mars and Earth to practise and
improve your listening skills.
Before listening
Preparation task
Write the words and phrases in the correct group.
whereas similar but to have in common
while to share both
Words and phrases for talking Words and phrases for talking
about things that are the about difference
same
Tasks
Has stronger gravity Is colder Is closer to the Sun Has more air
Has more nitrogen
Has a longer day Used to have water and oxygen than Is 50 per cent smaller
carbon dioxide
Mars Earth
Task 2
Complete the sentences with words from the box.
frozen nitrogen astronomical
same Gravity support
1. Most people think Mars can.........................................human life.
2. We measure distances in space using...............................................units.
3. The two planets aren’t the.........................................colour.
4. Most of the water on Mars is probably ……………………………… .
5. The air on Earth is mostly made up of ……………………………… .
6...........................on Mars is just over one third as strong as on Earth.
