ay Unit Carpentry and Painting Shop Introduction eoevrcst mportant shop forall manufacturing proces fs carpentry. Carpenty work f nats, cabinets Truseos, workbenches for workshops household furniture viz., sofa setsats with timber (wood). useful articles. Hence carpentry may be described as trade wh wi making doors, windows, fete, and many other __ctt ig one of the best wood for work. It has F peodar tis used for cheap future, boxes for paki which easy to work on san ea ti igh in weight ond dele SA i yod foray lap, dor, who ames, Kall: This type of wood is vale In HK asin ts typo of wood in used foal coleges or PECTS pany on hs ron coou; hat arg ure ats cot high then eo, EB manave | teal: is used fr oorng, Grown clr, staight anes. tis durable wood or at wor ramets ehvinkago ls Very IeS955a ie mostly used for rooting, ahip building, beams, bridge constructions Ft “allan Tis Yfiare nese wood Is aval nage quant at fot Hmalya Le Us Bier This is in dark DOW, wood, otc. Itis a clog” 4g avallable in Punjab, U.P and MP. Its used for making tables, chairs and other furniture. yains and durable wood. ‘Types of Wood \ 5. $¥caved trees. tis In dark brown colour coarse o eet used fr making ot orga bos, cabinet wok, atren aking, paces SSS ete. tis an ate ean wood thas coaree and open grained ter. valet evernere India jos are Carpentry Tools ~ ee numberof tos aro used 9 ge accurate shape and cimensians 10 the workpiece These t classiiod as follows : 1 Macking and measuring £005 Holding and supporting to's Cutting tools Planing tools Boarng tools Striking too's Miscollanaous tools. i 1. Marking and Measuring Tools : For accurate workpiece. Firstly we need mar basic tools : king and measuring. For that purpose we need the followingI oe , gOS g 6 LosD> Workshop Pratt (Labi yi® a Sis9 8 7 — Fees : ii used for mndng mensions on wooden ploces In carpentry. The ditarant arses available in market for pencis tke H, 2H, HB, B, F,E. ei Peneil o cos each 15 6m 10g en (0) Corpenter’s Folding Hue: Its @ woocen scale consising ot fou pieces one 1S oN Nnged together to make It oking, When opened out otal ength measures 2 feet or EO Cr folded it measure equal to one length It carries graduation in both inches and. 62 tng Graduations \ ‘ems and inches ‘our places (5 cm each) Taian Ce) Stel Ree: asain ste! tio caring adLatO™ 4a ap shown nf The craton can teh ons, mins and niche. nces an ter sub pars 68988 28 shown ne Te and milimeters on the other. They are avaiable n diferent lengths trom 15 em tO" & o 1 “lo 27 28 20 30 S Sto ae (c) Folding Tape (Inch Tape) : For large measurements carpenter use a flexible measuring rule. it Wound around a reel mounted on a central pin. The outer end of the tape carries a stopper, which prevents it {rom entering fully into the case. Its usually 2m long but it also can be of 30 m, 50 m, 100 m otc JS (a) Try Square : Inch Tape Try Square is used for making and testing right angle Le. 90°. It consists of a stee! bladeBooty and Png shop ° "sFiveted at right angle to the edge of machined metallic or hard wood stock. The sizes of blades varies from 450 mm to 300 mm tong with both edges parallel and perfectly finished PT pT 77 serows-[Po® | Ste! Blado I¢—wooden or Metallic stock wal ‘Try Square (c) Straight Edge : It Is used for testing the trueness of large surfaces and edges. It is made of either seasoned wood or steel and its edge is made bevelled. It should be ensured that this edge is perfectly true and straight. Wooden or Metal piece: ee Straight Edge (f) Bevel Square : Its similar to try square but has a blade that may be swivelled to any angle from 0° to 120°. i consists of a stock and sling blade with a turn screw of suitable size, The blade consist of a slot and can be set and tightened to any position with the turn serews. Its also known as sliding bevel E . Blade | ey 808 Bevel Square Mitre Square (g) Scriber or Marking Knife : Its a stee! rod having a sharp point al one end and a flat blade at the other end. itis mainly used for locating and marking print and scribing line on wood surface. Trt Seriber and Marking KnifeLOADS Workshop Proctions (1) Marking Gauge : It is made of wood and is a vory important too! for marking. It Consist yoo, and wooden stock. Wooden stock (head) is slide on the wooden stem. To stop the stock there is a thug s°® and pin which is fixed at one end of the stem and Is 2 mm below the lower surface. It is Used to ge. parallel to and at any desired distance trom finished face. ™\ Thumb sereve Wooden stem Marking pin Head (Wooden stock) Vv Marking Gauge () Mortise Gauge : 11 is similar to marking gauge in working but it has two marking points one Is fixed ang other is adjustable. This enables scribing of two parallel lines at a required distance from one another and at a Gesired distance from an edge in a single operation. Its specific use in marking of mortise and tenons and other similar joints requiring such parallel lines. ‘Thumb screw: ‘Movable pin Serew. lige Fixed pin 2 ‘stem Gotter ui Hoad (Wooden stock) SS Mortise Gauge Gj) Cutting Gauge : It is same as marking gauge but the difference is that it carries a stee! cutter fitted in place of the marking pin of the marking gauge. It is used for culting the edges of groove for inlaying cutting through very thin stuff upto 3 mm thick. Adjustable stock ‘Stem wedge ‘Cutting knife 1 Gauge Sf cu (k) Divider : It is used for measuring distance between points and for transferring a measurement directly from a rule, Its also used for scribing circles and arcs on workpiece. It consist two straight legs which have sharp hardened ends. A adjustable screw and nut held together by a circular spring at one end and in which handle is inserted, Adjustment Seno ‘Screw Harderied steel legs Lock Serow wing Dividern Pers used. Intornal and oxtornal. They can also classitiod 21. o 0 1) Caliper There are two types of call © Bling io he joint Le. tim ott and spring con Outside caliper =A Calipers (m) Trammet : It consist of a wooden beam and two by means of thumb screws. Its used for laying out large are: Inside caliper ‘movable points that can be fixed at desired position S, clicles and various geometrical shapes like ellipse. ‘Straight edge ‘Wooden beam faovabie points ae ‘Trammel 2. Holding and Supporting Tools : (2) Work Bench : It is hard wood heavy table of size 150-180 em and nearly 90 em wide. Two or four bench vices are fitted in opposite direction. One of the jaw is fixed with the table and other one is movable. The jas are lined with wooden pieces to prevent damaging of the job surfaces. ‘Shelves or racks can be provided in the table, below the top to utlise this space for storing tools or prepared robs.LODD Workshop Practica 7 the working table thos ’ ice is fixed with the working 7 Vice (Bench-Vice) : The carpentry vi (b) Carpentry View (Bene abe, Which moves withthe ha nothor jaw «$ moval ee oi Oh erm lt had wah oe and ne enter ow ovate. WN moves wi ra jaws aro tned with (threaded screw and handle, The sien Nant “Threadoe shat (Seren) Engaged —_Disengaged ‘Quick action trigger with return Handle pring to alow quick mavement co between grip and release Carpentry Vice (©) Bench Hook : itis made of wood and can be suitably placed anywhere on the table top. IIs purse is [0 Stop the forward movement of the werkplece uney being planned. Two wooden pieces of size 25 x [nm are fhe in opposite direction wih the help of serene eae Plat S Bench Hook (2) Bar Cramp : it essentialy consists of a Tiron body, hich carries holes at reguar intervals, Ono end ol the iron is forged to form a head which caries a cnothen ae: On the outer end of the screw Is provided a handle, whereas the other end is attached to Jove, Anather jaw is mounted on the body and can bo adjusted anywhere along the length ofthe body It's also user for holding the two pie Folged head Cramprpentry and Painting Shop 13 lef Screws 1 Vorous pee oc we jpontors for olen and ‘supporting wood pioces in position for carrying Out diferont Operations. Twa comanon types, @ G-clamp and hand crow are shown In fig, Both of thase aro ava rol nye nnd sexern Ane nd by 6: Ho iv dilexont ize ben Jaga . Cutting Tools The cutting tools de used for cutting of any materials. In carpentry wo have thro type of eutting tools are a follows (0) Sav (b) Axes (il) Chiosels. : (i) Saws = Its tho most wood working too! used in carpeniry. It consist of two main parts blade and handle. The blade is made of a steel having a series of sharp teeths on one edge. While the handle is made of wood. Some of the commonly used types of saws are (a) Rip Saw = Its used for sawing along the grains. its teeth are like series of chiesels. Its blade length varies from 50-70 cm and its broadth is 10-18 cm near the handle and 6-10 em near the tip of blade. Its forvard stroke Is cutting stroke, ce Rip Saw (ty) Crass Cut Saw : It Is designed for cutting across the grains of wood, Its blade is 50 cm to 70 em long ‘and carries 3 to 4 points per centimeter, Blade with finner pitch is requied for hard wood and coarse pitch for soft wood, Se | 2 | (c) Tennon Saw : It has a parallel blade 25 to 40 cm long and 6 to 10 em wide, having 5 to 6 teaths/em length. The shape of teeth is that of an equilateral triangle, The main use of this saw is to take short straight cuts Such as for tennons, Its also known as back saw, Heavy back (Stool brass) | soy Toth Tennon SawLOADS Workshop Prac oo (a) Dove Tail Saw : It is similar to a tennon saw excep 20 cm and cart It is used for finer work. The blade length varies from 20 to blades are thinn engin S Dove Tail Saw ni Jade Is near 25 ty, (e) Compass Saw : It carries a tapered blade which is long but narrow The ler tho ad ene 25 em and width 2.5 em trom tip and § cre near the handle. It contains 12 teeth/om. It can 7 Straight or curved cuts on inside and outside of wood. lcd Hanae \ ST Compass Saw (0 Key Holes Saw :ithas 20 0 90 cm long blade, which is about 6 mm wide near handle and 3 mm wide Eile tPA wooden or metalic handle i ited to tis blade. It has 8-16 testh por 25 mm. tis also known as pad ! Oe Fa = Key Hole Saw \8) Coping Saw: It consist very narrow blade of about § mm width held under tension in a frame and used ‘ot profile cutting, Its length varies from 150-200 mm. It is used for ‘cutting small radius curves. ‘andle m wv Coping Saw (1) Bow Saw : This sav is used for the same purpose as a com, having @ quick changes. It consists a frame made of wood car 20-35 cm and blades width 3-12 mm and pitch 2-3 mm, Pass Sav, but for finer curve and profiles ying @ connecting bar. The blade varies trom Sting HandleCarpentry and Painting Shop 15 (i) Jack |s used for rough cuts with round or square timber. Its length Is 900-1350 mm and width is more than 75 mm. It is two man saw. Handle Fvets or ¢crows Hanalo Thick blade (Untensioned) Jack Saw G) Axe : The axe are mainly used for removing the bark from the trees. It has a wooden handle and high | carbon steel head. One side of this solid is plain and a sharp cutting on the other end, Its in three types = 1. Axe 2. Side Axe 3. A0zE Hane Handle \ Hanate ' Stee! Head. eae Concave face i Beveled side = Scuting edge Cutting edge Plain side ae Cofwex tace (a) Axe (b) Side Axe (e) Adze Axes (k) Chiesels : Chiesels are used for cutting or removal of material. It consists of a stee! blade and wooden handle. The cutting edge of the blade is very sharp and specitied length and width. The parts of a chiesel are : Handle Forrule Metalic ring (Ferrule) Beveled face Tang Bolster Blade Cutting Edge f) Parts of Chiesel | Different types of chiesels are as follows : | “Lei Firmer Chiese! : itis a general purpose chiesel whichis finishing flat surface under grooves and wider | cuts. Its blade varies 3 mm to 38 mm and length 125 mm. } Handle Firmer Chiesel16 ~ Mortise Chiesel ios from 6 mm to 15 9, ‘making mortise. Commonly used upto 15 mm blade The thickness of blade varies from 8 tm, More thickness its blade Is stronger than other chiesels, S Mortise Chiesel (iii) Socket Chiesel : When a very heavy stock removal is done by a chiesel the wooden raat may sou Gus to heavy blows on its top. To prevent this, such chiesel are provided with socket type construction at their tp instead of the tang. The wooden handle filted into hollow socket. Such chiesel are socket chiesels. Blade Socket ae c Socket File (iv) Paring Chiesel : "ts used for deep work like housing where ordinary chiesel cannot be used. The width of blade at cutting edge Varies from 5-50 mm and length of blade Is 225-550 mm. Cutting edge ade #0 | Paring Chiesel (¥) Dovetail Chiesel = It has a long carbon stee! ‘eduction of blade thickness on the sides. Due to which generally used for finishing of V grooves, (a Dovetail Chiesel blade with bevelled back. The bevelled shape enable it can enter sharp comer to finish them. These are (vi) Gauge Chiesel : I" carrios @ hollow curved blade with a wooden handle and used for finished curved surfaces. Its width varies tr fom 5-25 mm. it bevel end is either inside (concave) or outside (convex). Blade Handle ta Beveled end ae Gauge Chiesel4, Planing Tools Planing tls ave also a typo of cutting tool but these aro used after culting, These are used for finishing or plaing the werkpiece, There are mary types of planing tools are avalable bul mainly folowing types of planing tools are used in carpentry Wepdon lack plan, len jek pane, Tying plan, Smoothing pane ete \cah wooden Jack Planes tiomon comely eer oa eo eaten body and wooden hana fo holding icing ho operation. The balm lao lth sleek ealod sole & hens roe en lve the man cting pat owas bade ated nth sock uch at tromois ene sen ine sol. The bie s mae a igh carbon tel. A tapered wooden wad ate aes eee aS ron cuter ta deste positon inorder alow only a requed amount pokener artes tan ee Anco tn pace, known 08 Emp ion i filed Toth an cuter prevent de egos oe ere oe chon of cull frees ‘ong! slot mae i tho body 6 kon culler an The commonly used size ate 0 1940 co torah 1d engages into a nut formed in the cap iron, Ind 6 to 7 cm square cross-section of stock. ‘Wooden handle A =~ =z A ga il 2 2 i @ (b) Cutting iron. Back iron (d) Wedge. Vee Wooden Jack Plane \ (b) Iron Jack Plane (Metal Jack Plane) : ‘his is used for the same purpose as that of wooden jack J, Plane. ttis more durable and produce high degree of > finish. The body made of C.1, gun metal or melable iron, These are 125-250 mm in length and 30-60 mm in width, Pane iron and: Iron Jack Plane (c) Trying Plane : Trying lane is same as wooden jack plane. Its length Is 550-650 mm and its blade Width is 60 mm. It Is used after the Surface has been planed. Its used for finishing,