Experiment – 5 :-
Name of the experiment :-
Identification of the unknown functional group present in
a given organic compound.
A) Physical Characteristics :-
State – Liquid
Colour – Colourless
Odour – Pungent smell
B) Solubility :-
Water – Soluble
5% HCl — Insoluble
5% NaOH – soluble
5% NaHCO3 – soluble
Therefore, the given organic compound may contain
Carboxylic acid group (–COOH) as functional group.
C) Test for the presence of functional group :-
Test for unsaturation (>C=C< and — C = C – )
Experiment Observation Inference
1) Test with Br2/H2O :-
About 2ml of the given Orange-red Unsaturation
organic sample is colour of the (>C=C< and
taken in a test tube bromine-water —C=C–)
and Br2/H2O solution solution does not absent.
is added to it disappeared.
dropwise.
2) Baeyer's test :-
To a 2ml of the given Pink colour of the Unsaturation
organic sample taken dilute alkaline (>C=C< and
in a test tube Baeyer's KMnO4 solution —C=C–)
reagent(dilute alkaline does not absent.
KMnO4) is added disappeared.
dropwise.
Test for alcoholic hydroxyl group ( R–OH)
Experiment Observation Inference
1) Ceric ammonium
nitrate test :-
2ml of the given The colour of Alcoholic hydroxyl
organic sample is the solution group ( R–OH) is
taken in a test tube does not turns absent.
and few drops of into red.
aqueous solution of
Ceric ammonium
nitrate is added to
it.
Test for phenolic hydroxyl group (Ar–OH)
Experiment Observation Inference
1) Ferric chloride test :-
In a test tube 1ml of the The colour of Phenolic hydroxyl
given organic sample is the solution group (Ar–OH) is
taken and freshly does not turns absent.
prepared neutral ferric into Violet.
chloride solution is
added to it.
Test for aldehyde (–CHO) and keto group (>C=O)
Experiment Inference
Observation
1) Brady’s reagent test :-
To a 2ml of the given No orange or Aldehyde (–CHO)
organic sample taken Yellow and
a test tube few drops coloured ketonic(>C=O)
of Brady’s reagent is precipitate is Groups are
added and shaken obtained. absent.
well, finally the
resulting solution is
heated in a boiling
water bath.
Test for carboxylic acid group (R–COOH)
Experiment Observation Inference
1)Litmus Test:-
Carboxylic
Blue litmus
A drop of the given liquid paper turns
acid group
(R-COOH) is
is place on a moist blue to red. present.
litmus paper.
2)Sodium bicarbonate test :- Carboxylic
About 2ml of the given organic Brisk acid
sample is taken in a test tube and effervescence group
aqueous solution of sodium of carbon (R-COOH)
bicarbonate is added to it drop dioxide(CO2) is
wise. is observed. present.
3) Esterification test :-
A sweet fruity Carboxylic
1ml of the given organic smell is acid
compound is taken in a found. group
clean and dry test tube to (R-COOH)
is
which 1 ml of ethyl alcohol present.
is added and then 2-3 drops
of conc. sulphuric acid is
added to it. The reaction
mixture is then heated in a
boiling water bath for about
5 minutes and finally the
mixture is poured into a
beaker containing 10ml of
Na2CO3 solution.
Test for primary amine group (–NH2)
Experiment Observation Inference
Carbylamine test :-
A small quantity of solid No obnoxious Primary amine
smell is group (–NH2) is
KOH is taken in a clean
observed. absent.
and dry test tube and
about 2 ml of ethanol is
added to it, the test
tube is then warm until
the pellets dissolve. To
this a few drops of
chloroform and about
1ml of the given organic
sample is added and
warm gently.
Confirmatory test
Experiment Observation Inference
1) Sodium bicarbonate test :-
About 2ml of the given organic Brisk Carboxylic
sample is taken in a test tube effervescence acid
and aqueous solution of of carbon group
sodium bicarbonate is added dioxide(CO2) is (R-COOH)
to it drop wise. observed. is present
and
confirm.
2) Esterification test :-
A sweet fruity Carboxylic
1ml of the given organic smell is found. acid
compound is taken in a group
clean and dry test tube to (R-COOH)
is present
which 1 ml of ethyl and
alcohol is added and then confirm.
2-3 drops of
conc. sulphuric acid is
added to it. The reaction
mixture is then heated in
a boiling water bath for
about 5 minutes and
finally the mixture is
poured into a beaker
containing 10ml of
Na2CO3 solution.
Reactions :-
i) RCOOH + NaHCO3 → RCOONa + H2O + CO2↑ (brisk effervescence)
ii) RCOOH + C2H5OH + H2SO4 → RCOOC2H5 (Ester) + H2O
Result:- From the above given systematic experiment,
solubility test and confirmatory test it is clear that the given
organic compound contain Carboxylic acid group (–COOH) as
functional group.
