Experiment: Study on the pirn winding machine (yarn path, gearing diagram, traverse rate and
efficiency calculation)
Introduction:
Pirn is used in shuttle for weft package for cotton in conventional weaving. Pirn package winding is known
as pirn winding.
Objectives:
i. To know about the pirn packages.
ii. To know the importance of pirn winding.
iii. To know about the main parts of pirn winding machine.
iv. To know about the functions of the main parts of pirn winding machine.
v. To observe yarn passage path in operation of the pirn winding machine.
vi. To draw yarn passage diagram of pirn winding machine.
vii. Perform required calculation
viii. To make a report on the experimental work.
Apparatus:
i. Pirn winding machine,
ii. Full cone package,
iii. Empty pirn package etc.
Related Theory:
A pirn package is the package which is placed inside a shuttle in shuttle loom. As the shuttle travels back
and forth across the width of the shuttle loom, the weft yarn is unwound from the pirn package through
the eye/slot of the shuttle and lay in the shed. The yarn on the pirn is tapered at one end such that the
yarn with drawl takes place continuously without entanglement.
Pirn winding is different from the regular winding process. In this process, the yarn is transferred from a
larger cone package to the smaller pirn package, which is shown in figure 2.1. The traverse mechanism is
also different because of the different geometry of the pirn. The traverse here does not go back and forth
along the package. It only builds yarn on one part of the package at a time and so on for the rest parts of
the pirn package. This type of winding helps to reduce ballooning effects, maintain uniform tension, and
reduce the possibility of slough-off.
A diagram in which the materials flow path along with the main parts of the machine is shown is called
passage diagram.
Working Procedure:
i. At first, run the winding machine very slowly.
ii. Then observe the yarn passage path sincerely.
iii. Also observe the all operations of the pirn winding machine carefully.
iv. Now run the machine with its full speed to see the winding process on pirn.
v. Observe the pirn package building process with the help of traverse mechanism.
vi. Now, be familiar with the main parts of the pirn winding machine with functions.
vii. Finally, draw a yarn passage diagram of the pirn winding machine.
Yarn passage diagram of pirn winding machine:
1- Cone package
2- 1st guide and guide bar
3- 2nd guide and guide bar
4,5&6- 3rd& 4th guides,
tensioner & tensioner
bar
7- Traverse guide and guide
bar
Figure: 2.1 Yarn passage diagram of pirn winding machine
8- Wharve
Main parts of pirn winding machine with functions: 9- Spindle
i. 10- Pirn holder
Motor: Motor is a device which convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
ii. Motor Pulley: It is the pulley which is located on the motor shaft and v-belt is placed
11- Pirn package
round the pulley to convey motion of motor pulley to machine pulley.
iii. Machine Pulley: It is the pulley which is located on the main machine
12- Yarn shaft and V-belt
is placed round the pulley to receive motion of motor pulley to machine pulley.
iv. V-Belt: This part conveys the motion from one pulley to another pulley.
v. Compound Pulleys: By the help of compound pulleys the v-Belt between machine
pulley and wharves can be tighten and loosen as per requirement.
vi. Wharves: These parts are attached with the spindles directly which rotate the spindles
by receiving motion from machine pulley with the help of v-belt.
vii. Spindle: Pirn packages are placed at the end of the spindles with the help of package
holders and pirn packages get rotating motion from spindles.
viii. Bearing: Bearing helps v-belt being firmly attached with the wharves.
ix. Package holder: Package holder helps to place the pirn package at the end of spindle
directly.
x. Traverse guide bar: This bar gives traverse motion to the traverse guides to build pirn
packages of near parallel wound.
xi. Tensioners: Tensioners maintain and ensure the required tension on yarn during
winding.
xii. Yarn guides: These guides control the yarn path.
xiii. Yarn guide bars: Yarn guide bars hold the yarn guides.
xiv. Gears: The different gears help to convey the motion from machine shaft to traversing
cam.
xv. Traversing cam: This cam gives traversing motion to the traverse guide bar.
xvi. Cone package holder: The input yarn is as cone package placed on cone package holder.
Formula Required:
𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟
Production Rate=𝑀𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑝𝑚 ×
𝐷𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛
Driver
rpm of traverse cam = Motor rpm x
Driven
Traverse rate = rpm of traverse cam x 2 x length of traverse
𝐴𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Efficiency= × 100%
𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Gearing Diagram:
Data Collection:
Calculation:
Spindle speed
Cam rpm
Traverse rate
Time to complete a full package
Doffing time
Waste of time in percentage
Efficiency
Results
Remarks
