Reproduction
TR. THYNN
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What is Reproduction?
What happened if there is no reproduction?
How many types of reproduction are there?
Plant reproduction
Animal reproduction
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What is Reproduction?
A process by which living organisms produce new individuals of the same species
Offspring a new organism produced by one or two parents
necessary for survival and increase in population size of a species
no reproduction population size decreases species become extinct
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Types of Reproduction
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Gametes
• reproductive cells or sex cells
• formed in reproductive organs
• contain half number of chromosomes
egg
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Asexual reproduction
produce a new organism from one parent only
no gametes involved
genetically the same as the parent
no variation
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Sexual Reproduction
produce a new organism from two parents
gemetes from each parent fused Fertilisation
genetically different from the parents
Genetic variation may occur
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Sexual Reproduction in Plants
Reproductive organs are Flowers.
Male reproductive organ Stamen
Female reproductive organ Carpel
Male reproductive cell pollen
Female reproductive cell ovule
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Pollination
transfer of pollen grains from anther of a flower to stigma of the same
flower or another flower of the same species
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Steps of Fertilisation
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Changes after fertilisation
stigma • Ovary (embryo sac) fruit
style • Ovules seeds
stamen • Fertilised egg embryo
petals
• Food store
• sepals
wither & fall off fall off or persist
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Germination
process of a seed growing into a new
plant
What are needed for germination?
Water
Oxygen
Warmth
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1.Gamete formation
2.Pollination
3.Fertilisation
4.Seed and fruit formation
5.Seed dispersal
6.Germination
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Sexual Reproduction in Animals
Male reproductive organ
Female reproductive organ
Male reproductive cell male gamete
Female reproductive cell female gamete
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Sexual Reproduction in Human
Male reproductive organ testis/testes
Female reproductive organ ovary
Male reproductive cell sperm
Female reproductive cell egg/ovum
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Sexual reproduction in humans
Ovum (female gamete) + Sperm (male gamete) = zygote embryo in uterus
Foetus after 9 months baby is born
Female reproductive system
Male reproductive system
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Oviduct
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• 2 on either side
• connect to uterus by oviducts
• contain follicles in which ova (eggs) are produced
• mature egg releases from ovary OVULATION
• release hormones
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• carries the egg from ovary to uterus
• site of fertilisation
Uterus
Oviduct Oviduct
Funnel of oviduct
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• uterus lining fall off menstruation
• proper site of implantation
• where baby develops
• ring of muscle at the entrance to uterus
• keeps the baby in place during pregnancy
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• receives male penis during sexual
intercourse
• sperms are deposited
• Birth canal for the baby
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Label the figure.
Parts Functions
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Contain egg cells
Ovaries One egg released every month
Oviducts Carry an egg to the uterus
Oviduct
Uterus Where a baby develops
At the entrance to uterus
Cervix Keeps the baby in place during
pregnancy
Vagina Receives sperm during intercourse
Tube that carries urine from the
Urethra
bladder out of body
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How many processes did you learn?
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Sperm duct
Glands
Glands
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Label the figure.
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Testes/Testis
• inside the bag, called scrotum
• make sperm cells
• release hormones
Sperm ducts
• carry sperms from testes to penis
sperm
Glands duct Glands
• produce nutrients to help sperms alive Glands
• Mixture of sperm and fluid semen
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Urethra
• a tube
• carries urine from the bladder or sperm
Bladder
from the sperm duct
Penis
• carries urine or semen out of body
• swells with blood, stiffens Erection
Are urine and semen released at the same time?
NO Urethra
Penis
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Label the figure.
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• Sexual intercourse
• Fertilisation
• Implantation
Ovulation
Intercourse
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1. Placenta
2. Umbilical cord
3. Fluid sac (Amnion)
period between fertilisation and birth
takes about 9 months in humans
Placenta 39
• Plate shaped organ
• attached to uterus
• both mother and embryo tissues present
• Barrier to stop infections and harmful
substances from reaching the embryo
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Blood of mother and blood of embryo
do not mix.
O2 and nutrients from mother pass
through the placenta to the embryo
Wastes, CO2 from embryo to mother
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Umbilical cord
• Connects the embryo to the placenta
• Carries blood to and from the placenta
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Fluid sac/Amnion
• act as a shock absorber
• protect the embryo from any
bumps
• keeps a constant temperature
• allows the embryo free to grow
and move
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Birth & Breast milk feeding
Breastfeeding
Tr May [UM2}
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What occurs if there is no fertilisation?
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Menstruation
• Ovulation occurs every 28 days.
• If egg is not fertilized within 36 hrs, uterus lining breaks down
• dead egg + uterus lining + mucus + blood = MENSTRUATION
• no Ovulation during pregnancy
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