1. Which among the following can be called as a 6.

Which among the following is not an example

functional unit of nature? of man-made ecosystem?
1) Community 1) Crop fields
2) Biome 2) Aquarium
3) Ecosystem 3) Wetland
4) Organism 4) Both 1 and 2

2. Which of these correctly defines 'ecosystem’? 7. Vertical distribution of different species

1) Living organisms interacting among occupying different levels is called
themselves only. 1) Productivity
2) Living organisms interacting among 2) Stratification
themselves and also with the 3) Standing state

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surrounding physical environment. 4) Food web

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3) Living organisms interacting only with the
surrounding physical environment. 8. Given below are two statements
4) Living organisms live independently and Statement I : Trees occupy top vertical strata or

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do not interact with biotic and abiotic layer of a forest.
factors. Statement II : Shrubs occupy the bottom layers
of forest.

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3. Given below are two statements In the light of the above statements , choose the
Statement I : Ecosystem varies greatly in size. correct answer from the options given below:
Statement II : A small pond is not considered as 1) Both Statement I and Statement II are
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an ecosystem. correct.
In the light of the above statements , choose the 2) Both Statement I and Statement II are
correct answer from the options given below: incorrect.
1) Both Statement I and Statement II are 3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
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correct. incorrect.
2) Both Statement I and Statement II are 4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II
incorrect. is correct.
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3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is

incorrect. 9. Given below are two statements: one is
4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as
is correct. Reason (R).
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Assertion (A):- In pond ecosystem, the

4. Ecosystem is divided into two basic categories decomposers are the fungi, bacteria and
which are flagellates abundant in the bottom of the pond.
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1) Terrestrial ; Marine Reason (R):- There is bidirectional movement of

2) Forest ; Aquatic energy towards the higher trophic levels.
3) Terrestrial ; Aquatic In the light of the above statements , choose the
4) Desert ; Marine most appropriate answer from the options given
below:
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5. All of the following are examples of terrestrial 1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
ecosystem except. correct explanation of (A)
1) Forest 2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not
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2) Grassland the correct explanation of (A)

3) Desert 3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
4) Estuary 4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
10. Which among these represent the consumers 14. The rate of biomass production is expressed
in pond ecosystem? as
1) Zooplanktons 1) g2yr-1
2) Phytoplanktons 2) (kcal m-2)yr-1
3) Algae 3) g-2

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4) Bacteria 4) Both 1 and 2

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11. Given below are two statements: one is 15. Given below are two statements.
labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as Statement I:- Gross primary productivity minus

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Reason (R). respiratory losses is the net primary
Assertion (A):- Primary productivity varies in productivity.
different types of ecosystems. Statement II:- A considerable amount of GPP is

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Reason (R):- Primary productivity depends on utilised by plants in respiration.
the plants species inhabiting a particular area, In the light of the above statements , choose the
environmental factors, nutrient availability and correct answer from the options given below:

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photosynthetic capacity of plants. 1) Both Statement I and Statement II are
In the light of the above statements , choose the correct.
most appropriate answer from the options given 2) Both Statement I and Statement II are
below: incorrect.
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the 3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
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correct explanation of (A) incorrect.
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not 4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II
the correct explanation of (A) is correct.
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3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct 16. The rate of formation of new organic matter
by consumers is
12. The amount of organic matter produced per 1) Primary productivity
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unit area over a time period by plants during 2) Secondary productivity

photosynthesis is referred to as 3) Gross primary productivity
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1) Secondary production 4) Net primary productivity

2) Primary production
3) Productivity 17. The annual net primary productivity of the
4) Tertiary production whole biosphere is approximately ’X’ billion
tons, of which the productivity of oceans are only
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13. Given below are two statements ‘Y’ billion tons. Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
Statement I : A constant input of solar energy is X Y
the basic requirement for any ecosystem to
function and sustain. 1) 170 115
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Statement II : The annual net primary

productivity of the whole biosphere is 2) 270 55
approximately 55 billion tons of organic matter. 3) 170 55
In the light of the above statements , choose the
correct answer from the options given below: 4) 155 70
1) Both Statement I and Statement II are
correct. 18. Given below are two statements: one is
2) Both Statement I and Statement II are labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as
incorrect. Reason (R).
3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is Assertion (A):- Earthworms are referred to as
incorrect. farmer’s ‘friend’.
4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II
is correct.
Reason (R):- They help in the breakdown of 2) Both Statement I and Statement II are
complex organic matter as well as in loosening incorrect.
of the soil. 3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
In the light of the above statements , choose the incorrect.
most appropriate answer from the options given 4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II
below: is correct.
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A) 24. Given below are two statements: one is
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as
the correct explanation of (A) Reason (R).
3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct Assertion (A):- The rate of decomposition is
4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct controlled by chemical composition of detritus
and climatic factors.

Y
19. Which of these constitute detritus? Reason (R):- Cold and dry environment favour

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1) Dead plants remains decomposition.
2) Dead animal remains In the light of the above statements , choose the
3) Fecal matter most appropriate answer from the options given

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4) All of these below:
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
20. All of the following are not Detritivores correct explanation of (A)

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except 2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not
1) Honey bee the correct explanation of (A)

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2) Earthworm 3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
3) Cockroach 4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
4) Frog
25. Which of the following chemical composition
21. The process of degradation of detritus by of detritus slows down the decomposition rate?
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bacterial and fungal enzymes into simplex 1) Nitrogen content

inorganic substances is called as 2) Lignin and chitin
1) Fragmentation 3) Sugars
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2) Mineralisation 4) Phosphorus content

3) Leaching
4) Catabolism 26. NPP is equal to
1) GPP + R
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22. Which among the following is not correct 2) GPP - R

with respect to humus? 3) GPP × R
1) Dark coloured amorphous substance. 4) GPP ÷ R
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2) Highly resistant to microbial action.

3) Undergoes decomposition at an 27. Which of the following animals may occupy
extremely fast rate. more than one trophic levels in the same
4) Colloidal in nature. ecosystem at the same time?
1) Sparrow
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23. Given below are two statements 2) Deer

Statement I : Decomposition is largely an 3) Lion
oxygen-requiring process. 4) Frog
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Statement II : Being colloidal in nature, humus

serves as a reservoir of nutrients. 28. What does PAR stand for?
In the light of the above statements , choose the 1) Photo phosphorylated active radiation
correct answer from the options given below: 2) Photosynthetically active radiation
1) Both Statement I and Statement II are 3) Phototrophic active radiation
correct. 4) Photosynthetic autotrophic radiation
29. What percent of incident solar radiation is In the light of the above statements , choose the
constituted by PAR ? correct answer from the options given below:
1) Less than 50% 1) Both Statement I and Statement II are
2) More than 50% correct.
3) 50% 2) Both Statement I and Statement II are
4) 2-10% incorrect.
3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is
30. Given below are two statements incorrect.
Statement I : Sun is the only source of energy for 4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II
all ecosystems on earth without any exception. is correct.
Statement II : Plants and photosynthetic
bacteria fix Sun’s radiant energy to make food 35. Which of the following are called the primary
from simple inorganic materials. consumers?
In the light of the above statements , choose the 1) Herbivores
correct answer from the options given below: 2) Carnivores

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1) Both Statement I and Statement II are 3) Omnivores
correct. 4) Detrivores

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2) Both Statement I and Statement II are
incorrect. 36. Given below are two statements: one is

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3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as
incorrect. Reason (R).
4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II Assertion (A):- No energy that is trapped into a

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is correct. producer remains in it forever.
Reason (R):- The energy trapped by the
31. All organisms are dependent for their food on producer is either passed on to a consumer or
________ , either directly or indirectly.
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the organism dies.
1) Consumers In the light of the above statements , choose the
2) Herbivores most appropriate answer from the options given
3) Producers below:
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4) Carnivores 1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A)
32. Plants capture only _______ percent of the 2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not
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PAR and this small amount of energy sustains the the correct explanation of (A)
entire living world. 3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
1) 50% 4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
2) 20%
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3) 2-10% 37. If an animal ”X” eats another animal which in

4) 25-30% turn eats the plants (or their products). What is X
called?
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33. All the given species are the primary 1) Primary consumers
producers in a aquatic ecosystem except. 2) Secondary consumers
1) Herbaceous and woody plants 3) Primary carnivores
2) Phytoplanktons 4) Both 2 and 3
3) Algae
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4) Higher plants 38. Given below are two statements

Statement I : Organisms that feed on the
34. Given below are two statements producers are called primary consumers.
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Statement I : In a terrestrial ecosystem, major Statement II : Tertiary consumers can never

producers are herbaceous and woody plants. exist in a food chain.
Statement II : Death of an organism is the In the light of the above statements , choose the
beginning of the detritus food chain. correct answer from the options given below:
 1) Both Statement I and Statement II are 42. What is the major conduit for energy flow in
correct. an aquatic ecosystem?
2) Both Statement I and Statement II are 1) GFC
incorrect. 2) DFC
3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is 3) Saprotrophs
incorrect. 4) Consumers
4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II
is correct. 43. Given below are two statements: one is
labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as
39. Given below are two statements. Reason (R).
Statement I:- Consumers are also called as Assertion (A):- DFC may be connected with the
heterotrophs. GFC at some levels.
Statement II:- Consumers are all the animals Reason (R):- Some of the organisms of DFC are
that depend on plants (directly or indirectly) for prey to the GFC animals.

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their food needs. In the light of the above statements , choose the
In the light of the above statements , choose the most appropriate answer from the options given

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correct answer from the options given below: below:
1) Both Statement I and Statement II are 1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the

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correct. correct explanation of (A)
2) Both Statement I and Statement II are 2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not
incorrect. the correct explanation of (A)

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3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is 3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
incorrect. 4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II
is correct.
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44. Based on the source of their nutrition or
food, organisms occupy a specific place in the
40. Which of these represents ‘secondary food chain known as
consumer’ in the given grazing food chain(GFC)? 1) Standing crop
Grass à Goat à Man 2) Standing state
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1) Grass 3) Trophic level

2) Goat 4) Food web
3) Man
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4) Does not exist here 45. Which of these is correct with respect to
trophic levels?
41. Given below are two statements 1) Producers belong to the first trophic level
Statement I : Those animals that depend on the 2) Herbivores (primary consumer) belong to
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primary carnivore for food are labelled as the second trophic level
secondary carnivores. 3) Carnivores (secondary consumers)
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Statement II : Primary carnivores are also belong to the third trophic level
secondary consumers. 4) All of these
In the light of the above statements , choose the
correct answer from the options given below: 46. Each trophic level has a certain mass of living
1) Both Statement I and Statement II are material at a particular time called as
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correct. 1) Standing crop

2) Both Statement I and Statement II are 2) Standing state
incorrect. 3) Stratification
3) Statement I is correct but Statement II is 4) Humification
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incorrect.
4) Statement I is incorrect but Statement II 47. Given below are two statements: one is
is correct. labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A):- The number of trophic levels in 2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not
GFC is restricted. the correct explanation of (A)
Reason (R):- The transfer of energy follows 10% 3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
law, where only 10% of the energy is transferred 4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct
to next trophic level from the lower trophic
level. 50. What does the base of each ecological
In the light of the above statements , choose the pyramid represent?
most appropriate answer from the options given 1) Producers
below: 2) First trophic level
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the 3) Top level consumers
correct explanation of (A) 4) Both 1 and 2
2) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not
the correct explanation of (A)

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3) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

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4) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

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48. Match column I with column II and choose
the correct option.
Column I Column II

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i) Primary A) Herbivore

ii)
producer

Primary
consumer
B) Top
carnivore
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iii) Secondary C) Plants

consumer

iv) Tertiary D) Carnivore

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consumer

1) (i) à A, (ii) à C, (iii) à D, (iv) à B

TT

2) (i) à D, (ii) à A, (iii) à B, (iv) à C

3) (i) à C, (ii) à A, (iii) à D, (iv) à B
4) (i) à C, (ii) à B, (iii) à D, (iv) à A
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49. Given below are two statements: one is

labelled as Assertion (A) and other is labelled as
Reason (R).
Assertion (A):- Pyramid of energy is always
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upright and can never be inverted.

Reason (R):- When energy flows from a
particular trophic level to the next trophic level,
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some energy is always lost as heat in each step.

In the light of the above statements , choose the
most appropriate answer from the options given
below:
1) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the
correct explanation of (A)
 IRY
Q. No Answer Q. No Answer Q. No Answer Q. No Answer Q. No Answer

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(1) 3 (11) 1 (21) 4 (31) 3 (41) 1
(2) 2 (12) 2 (22) 3 (32) 3 (42) 1
(3) 3 (13) 3 (23) 1 (33) 1 (43) 1

BIO
(4) 3 (14) 2 (24) 3 (34) 1 (44) 3
(5) 4 (15) 1 (25) 2 (35) 1 (45) 4
(6) 3 (16) 2 (26) 2 (36) 1 (46) 1
(7) 2 (17) 3 (27)
AL 1 (37) 4 (47) 1
(8) 3 (18) 1 (28) 2 (38) 3 (48) 3
(9) 3 (19) 4 (29) 1 (39) 1 (49) 1
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(10) 1 (20) 2 (30) 4 (40) 3 (50) 4

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RA
U
RIT