NEO4J- GRAPH

DATABASE

Daniel Barreto:-2102486

Simone Gomes:-2202121
 INTRODUCTION
Neo4j is the world's most popular graph database, designed specifically
for managing connected data. Instead of using tables (as in relational
databases) or collections (as in document-based databases), Neo4j
uses a graph structure of nodes, relationships, and properties to
represent and store data.
Neo4j was created by Neo Technology, a company founded by
engineers who needed a solution for efficiently managing complex data
relationships that traditional databases couldn't handle well.
Over the years, Neo4j has grown into a full-featured graph platform with
support for both operational and analytical graph workloads, making it
suitable for various use cases from startups to enterprises.
 ABSTRACT
Neolif Graph Database is optimized for managing complex, connected
data relationships with high-performance querying and real-time
analysis. Its in-memory architecture and Labeled Property Graph Model,
combined with the Cypher Query Language, make it ideal for
applications like social networks, fraud detection, and recommendation
engines. Offering faster performance than traditional databases, it
provides scalability for large datasets while ensuring data consistency
through ACID compliance. This presentation compares Neolif with Neo4j,
highlighting its advantages and challenges in terms of setup complexity
and resource requirements.
 WHAT ARE GARPH DATABASE
1. Graph databases are designed to
store and manage data as graphs,
consisting of nodes (entities) and
edges (relationships). The degree of a
node is defined as the number of
edges connected to it.
2. In undirected graphs, the degree is the
total number of edges linked to the
node.
3. In directed graphs:
4. In-degree: This refers to the number of
edges coming into the node.
5. Out-degree: This denotes the number
of edges going out from the node.
6. wheneven a node is connected to itself
it is called as loop
 WHY TO USE GARPH DATABASE ?
When we model our data in the form of a graph, one of the greatest advantages we gain is
the ability to efficiently traverse it. In traditional databases like MongoDB or MySQL,
mapping relationships between tables typically involves using primary keys in relational
databases or directly embedding data in document-based databases. However, when
dealing with deeply nested relationships, such as identifying a person’s friends, their
friends' friends, and so on, traditional databases become less efficient. If fast operations
and traversal across this data are required, the process becomes increasingly challenging

This is where graph databases excel. By modeling data as a graph, we can take
advantage of its natural structure to easily navigate and traverse complex relationships. A
key benefit of graph databases is the ability to apply graph algorithms directly to the data,
such as the Shortest Path Algorithm, Dijkstra's Algorithm, and Prim's Algorithm, for efficient
querying and analysis..
 WHY TO USE GARPH DATABASE ?
Moreover, unlike traditional databases,
graph databases don’t require computing
relationships at query time. In a graph
database, nodes are inherently connected, relational database
meaning the relationships are already
stored, and we can instantly know which
nodes are connected to one another. This
allows for faster and more intuitive data
traversal and analysis, making graph Document-based
databases a powerful solution for databse
relationship-heavy data models.
 CORE FEATURES OF NEO4J:

Cypher Query Language: Flexible Schema:

Native Graph Storage
Neo4j uses Cypher, a powerful Neo4j supports a schema-
Neo4j stores data in a graph
and expressive query language optional model, allowing for
format natively, using nodes,
designed specifically for working flexibility in data modeling. It can
relationships, and properties to
with graph data. Cypher allows accommodate both structured
efficiently represent and
for easy querying, pattern and unstructured data without
traverse data.
matching, and graph traversal. requiring a predefined schema.
 NATIVE GRAPH STORAGE
Neo4j is designed from the ground up to store and manage
data as a graph. Unlike traditional relational or document-
based databases, Neo4j natively uses nodes (entities),
relationships (edges between entities), and properties (key-
value pairs associated with both nodes and relationships) to
represent and navigate data.
Key Points:
Nodes and Relationships: Data is stored as nodes
connected by relationships, allowing direct traversal
between related entities.
Properties: Both nodes and relationships can hold
properties (attributes), giving you flexibility in how you
describe and query your data.
Optimized for Relationships: The design is optimized to
handle complex relationships and traversals, which are
inefficient in traditional databases.
 CYPHER QUERY LANGUAGE
Neo4j’s Cypher is a powerful and user-friendly query
language designed specifically for working with graph data. It
allows you to express complex graph patterns in a simple and
readable way, similar to SQL but tailored for graph queries.

Key Points:
Pattern Matching: Cypher allows you to visually match
patterns in your graph using an ASCII-art-like syntax.
Example: MATCH (p:Person)-[:FRIENDS_WITH]->
(f:Person) RETURN p, f (Finds people and their
friends).
Readability: Cypher’s declarative nature makes it easy
to understand even for non-programmers.
Supports CRUD Operations: With Cypher, you can
create, read, update, and delete nodes, relationships,
and properties.
 FLEXIBLE SCHEMA
Neo4j follows a schema-optional model, allowing you to define or modify the
structure of your data without needing a rigid schema upfront. This provides
flexibility in data modeling, making Neo4j adaptable to changing requirements.

Key Points:
Schema Optional: You can start with
unstructured data and gradually evolve your
schema as needed.
Structured and Unstructured Data: Neo4j
accommodates both structured (e.g.,
predefined labels and properties) and
unstructured data (e.g., flexible or undefined
relationships).
On-the-Fly Adjustments: You can easily
update or modify nodes, relationships, or
properties without downtime.
 Aspect Neo4j Amazon Neptune

Type/Model Property Graph Model Supports both Property Graph and RDF Triple

Query Language Cypher Gremlin, SPARQL, SQL-style queries (via RDF)

Deployment Self-hosted, Neo4j Aura (Cloud Service) Fully managed AWS service

Scalability Suitable for small to large-scale graph workloads Easily scalable with AWS infrastructure

Good performance but can vary with large RDF

Performance Fast traversal due to native graph storage
datasets

ACID transactions with read-after-write

Acid Compliance Full ACID compliance
consistency

Paid (Enterprise & Aura),Pay-as-you-go with AWS,

Cost Free (Community Edition)
no free tier for large graphs

Community Strong open-source community AWS enterprise-level support, smaller community

FROM NEO4J IMPORT GRAPHDATABASE

CLASS NEO4JDEMO:
DEF __INIT__(SELF, URI, USER, PASSWORD):
SELF.DRIVER = GRAPHDATABASE.DRIVER(URI, AUTH=(USER, PASSWORD))

DEF CLOSE(SELF):
SELF.DRIVER.CLOSE()

DEF CREATE_DATA(SELF):
WITH SELF.DRIVER.SESSION() AS SESSION:
SESSION.RUN("CREATE (A:PERSON {NAME: 'ALICE'})")
DEF RUN_QUERY(SELF):
SESSION.RUN("CREATE (B:PERSON {NAME: 'BOB'})")
SESSION.RUN("CREATE (A)-[:KNOWS]->(B)") WITH SELF.DRIVER.SESSION() AS SESSION:
RESULT = SESSION.RUN("MATCH (A:PERSON)-[:KNOWS]->(B:PERSON) RETURN A.NAME, B.NAME")
FOR RECORD IN RESULT:
PRINT(F"{RECORD['A.NAME']} KNOWS {RECORD['B.NAME']}")

URI = "BOLT://LOCALHOST:7687"
USER = "NEO4J"
PASSWORD = "PASSWORD"

DEMO = NEO4JDEMO(URI, USER, PASSWORD)

DEMO.CREATE_DATA()
DEMO.RUN_QUERY()

DEMO.CLOSE()
 Use Cases
1. Fraud Detection
• Industry: Banking & Finance
• Benefit: Uncover hidden patterns and relationships for real-time fraud prevention.

2. Recommendation Systems
• Industry: E-commerce, Streaming
• Benefit: Deliver personalized product or content recommendations based on user behavior and
connections.

3. Social Network Analysis

• Industry: Social Media, Networking
• Benefit: Map and analyze complex social graphs to find influencers and detect trends.

5. Supply Chain Optimization

• Industry: Logistics, Manufacturing
• Benefit: Track and optimize the flow of goods, detect bottlenecks, and improve efficiency.
Advantages
1. Native Graph Storage
• Optimized for graph data and relationships, enabling fast, real-time queries.

2. Powerful Query Language (Cypher)

• Intuitive and expressive query language for handling complex relationships with ease.

3. High Flexibility
• Easily adaptable for evolving data structures without requiring major schema changes.

4. Strong Performance in Graph Traversals

• Excellent for deep and complex graph traversals, such as multi-hop queries in large datasets.

5. ACID Compliance
• Ensures data integrity and reliability with full ACID transaction support.

6. Visualization and Analytics

• Built-in graph visualization tools that make it easier to explore and analyze graph data.

7. Large and Active Community

• Extensive open-source support and numerous community plugins, resources, and tools.
Disadvantages
1. Scaling Complexity
• While Neo4j can scale, horizontally scaling across multiple nodes can be complex and requires expertise.

2. Cost for Large-Scale Deployments

• Paid Enterprise Edition and cloud solutions (Neo4j Aura) can become expensive for large deployments.

3. Limited Support for RDF

• Not ideal for projects requiring RDF triple stores or semantic web capabilities (compared to alternatives like Amazon
Neptune).

4. Learning Curve for Cypher

• Although powerful, Cypher has a learning curve, especially for those familiar with SQL or other query languages.

5. Memory Intensive
• Neo4j can be memory-hungry, particularly when handling large and complex graph datasets in real-time.

6. Less Optimized for Non-Graph Queries

• Not as efficient for traditional relational operations or non-graph data, which might require a hybrid system with an
RDBMS.
Summary
1. What is Neo4j?
• A native graph database designed to store, manage, and query highly connected data.

2. Key Strengths
• Real-Time Performance: Fast graph traversals and queries.
• Flexible Schema: Adaptable to changing data structures.
• Cypher Query Language: Powerful and intuitive for complex relationship queries.

3. Use Cases
• Fraud Detection, Recommendation Engines, Social Network Analysis, Knowledge Graphs, Supply Chain Optimization.

4. Advantages
• Native graph storage, ACID compliance, great for real-time data insights.

5. Challenges
• Can be complex to scale, memory-intensive, and has costs for large-scale deployments.

6. Best Fit For

• Applications where relationships and connections are central to the data model: finance, social media, logistics, and more.
Conclusion
Neo4j excels at handling complex, connected data, outperforming traditional relational
databases in graph queries and relationship-heavy use cases. Its native graph structure
and flexible schema make it ideal for applications like fraud detection, recommendation
engines, and social network analysis, offering real-time performance where relational
databases struggle with JOIN operations. While not suited for every scenario, Neo4j is
highly effective when relationships are central to the data model.
 References:
Neo4j, "Neo4j Graph Database," available at: https://neo4j.com/.
Robinson, I., Webber, J., & Eifrem, E., Graph Databases, O'Reilly Media, 2015.
Cypher Query Language Documentation, available at: https://neo4j.com/docs/cypher-
manual/current/.
THANK
YOU