Faculdade de Tecnologia Termomecânica
Mobile Operating Systems
Leonardo Ono
Vitor Sartori
Thomas Garcia
ADS 2
September of 2012
1
Summary
1. Introduction.........................................................................................................2
2. Mobile Operating Systems.................................................................................3
2.1. Definition.........................................................................................................3
2.2. Types..............................................................................................................4
2.2.1. iOS...........................................................................................................4
2.2.2. Android.....................................................................................................5
2.2.3. Windows Phone.......................................................................................7
3. Bibliography........................................................................................................8
2
1. Introduction
A mobile operating system (mobile OS) is the operating system that controls a
smartphone, tablet, PDA, or other mobile device. Modern mobile operating systems
combine the features of a personal computer operating system with touchscreen,
cellular, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS mobile navigation, camera, video camera, speech
recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field communication, personal digital
assistant (PDA), and other features.
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2. Mobile Operating Systems
2.1. Definition
A mobile operating system (mobile OS) is an OS built exclusively for a mobile
device, such as a smartphone, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet or other
embedded mobile OS. Popular mobile operating systems are Android, Symbian, iOS,
BlackBerry OS and Windows Mobile.
A mobile OS is responsible for identifying and defining mobile device features
and functions, including keypads, application synchronization, email, thumbwheel
and text messaging. A mobile OS is similar to a standard OS (like Windows, Linux,
and Mac) but is relatively simple and light and primarily manages the wireless
variations of local and broadband connections, mobile multimedia and various input
methods.
To adapt to inherent mobile device environments, a mobile OS runs on limited
resources emphasizing communication, such as random access memory (RAM),
storage and central processing unit (CPU) speed.
Below is an example describing how text messaging works on a mobile OS:
A mobile application allows a user to read and write a message for
delivery to a mobile device through radio signal waves. After the
device receives the message signals, the device notifies the mobile
OS, which stores the message and notifies the messaging
application.
The user reads the message and responds with a reply message.
The OS uses the hardware antennae to transmit the message.
With the exception of Android (developed by Google), mobile operating
systems are developed by different mobile phone manufacturers, including Nokia
(Symbian, MeeGo, Maemo); Apple (Apple iOS); Research In Motion (RIM)
(BlackBerry OS); Microsoft (Windows Mobile, Windows Phone) and Samsung (Palm
WebOS and Bada). Android, LiMo, Maemo, Openmoko and Qt Extended (Qtopia)
are based on the Linux open-source OS.
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2.2. Types
2.2.1. iOS
On June 29, 2007, Apple released the first version of what became iOS –
concurrently with the first iPhone. iOS is a mobile operating system from Apple Inc,
originally developed for the iPhone, is also used on iPod Touch, iPad and Apple TV.
Apple does not allow iOS to run on third-party hardware. The user interface of iOS is
based on the concept of direct manipulation, using multi-touch gestures. Interaction
with the OS includes gestures such as just tapping the screen, slide your finger, and
the movement of "tweezers" used to enlarge or reduce the image. the final version
was presented in June this year, iOS 6. With it come 200 new features, among them
is a new mapping application fully independent of Google and navigation with turn-
by-turn.
In iOS 6, Apple has replaced Google Maps by TomTom maps of the company,
which recreates a 3D environment in some cities and lets fly over the homes and
buildings. One of the most popular Google Maps, Google Street View also no longer
part of the mobile operating system.
The voice assistant Siri should continue on the iPhone 4S and iPad 3 and gain
space in the next version of the iPhone. Now, this function allows you to open
applications, check scores of games and making restaurant reservations. No forecast
to include the Portuguese language support.
Until now, NFC is not part of the smartphone and tablet models marketed by
Apple. Also according to rumors reported internationally, the company will integrate
this communication standard in the next generation iPhone and create applications
compatible with the service, as the Pass Book, which gathers electronic tickets.
The central notification of test version of iOS brings together six alerts of
applications, indexes of major stock exchanges, in addition to integration with Twitter
and Facebook.
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2.2.2. Android
The Android era officially began on October 22nd, 2008, when the T-Mobile
G1 launched in the United States, but Android Inc. was created in 2003 by Andy
Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White. In 2005, the Google acquired
Android Inc. One of the most notable features of Android 1.0 was the pull-down
notification bar. As most know, this allows users to view, and occasionally get a
preview of, e-mails, text messages and so on. The Android Market was also available
since the first iteration of the operating system.
On February 9, 2009 the Android 1.1 was released, but on April of the same
year the android 1.5 was released and with this news functions was introduced, for
example the camera function. In the same year Google released android 1.6 and the
2.0, this one included auto-correct capabilities, live wallpaper and HTML5 support.
In 2010, android 2.2 and 2.3 was released and with them Adobe Flash
support, automatically update from Google Market, new user interface and support to
front-cameras was included.
In 2011, the Android 3.0 was released, the first OS made specifically by
tablets.
On October, 2011 Google released the Android 4, with a whole new interface
and new functions, for example the face unlock.
Android since version 1.5 received different names from different desserts,
and the names are in alphabetical orders, the curious is that nobody knows the
reason of the names, probably is an internal joke from Google. The names are:
• Android 1.5: Cupcake
• Android 1.6: Donut
• Android 2.0 e Android 2.1: Éclair
• Android 2.2: Froyo
• Android 2.3: Gingerbread
• Android 3.0: Honeycomb
• Android 4.0: Ice Cream Sandwich
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The newest Android 4.1 Jelly Bean
The first time that you see the Android Jelly Bean, doesn’t give you much
indication that anything has changed, but a deeper look reveals a host of tweaks and
new features. And one of its most important features is under the hood, away from
view: "Project Butter." Google says that it set out to significantly improve Android's
visual and touch performance with this version by triple-buffering graphics, locking all
drawing to a 16-millisecond refresh time, and making a number of tweaks to the
touch input subsystem.
The new version has some very interesting functions, like the gesture mode
that possibility blind users use the system. Now, the system is more connected with
the internet, with the new Android Beam, that´s makes easily share photos and
videos. The Google promise a new experience with the Google Search, because is
faster and the results is richer. Another new is the Google Maps offline. To the
keyboards, the Jelly Bean has now the Voice Typing, that possibilities the users write
the text by voice command. And another tool is the Google Now, that discovery
through your research what are the results that you like most.
In the beginning of Android, the name of Google's digital marketplace for
mobile applications was Google Market and started selling only Google Apps, but
since the Android 1.5 the Market is selling Apps from others developers and the
number of apps is growing since when.
Since March of this year the Google Market was renamed to Google Play
Store and now has music, movies, books and the applications in just one place.
Nowadays the number of applications is more than 600000 and has millions of song
and movies.
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2.2.3. Windows Phone
Windows Phone was developed by Microsoft, and is the successor to its
Windows Mobile platform, although incompatible with it. Unlike its predecessor, it is
primarily aimed at the consumer market rather than the enterprise market.
Windows Phone features a new user interface, based upon Microsoft's
Windows Phone design system, codenamed Metro. The home screen, called the
"Start screen", is made up of "Live Tiles". Tiles are links to applications, features,
functions and individual items (such as contacts, web pages, applications or media
items). Users can add, rearrange, or remove tiles. Tiles are dynamic and update in
real time, for example, the tile for an email account would display the number of
unread messages or a tile could display a live update of the weather. Several
features of Windows Phone are organized into "hubs", which combine local and
online content via Windows Phone's integration with popular social networks such as
Facebook, Windows Live, and Twitter. For example, the Pictures hub shows photos
captured with the device's camera and the user's Facebook photo albums, and the
People hub shows contacts aggregated from multiple sources including Windows
Live, Facebook, and Gmail.
Windows Phone uses multi-touch technology. The default Windows Phone
user interface has a dark theme that prolongs battery life on OLED screens as fully
black pixels don't emit light.
Microsoft has hardware partners that use Windows Phone includes Huawei,
Nokia, HTC, and Samsung. Other Windows Phone partners are Fujitsu, Acer, ZTE,
and Lenovo.
Studies carried out by Nielsen Company indicated that in the US, Windows
Phone had a market share of 1.7% in first quarter of 2012 and then dropped back to
1.3% in second quarter of 2012. Worldwide, IDC (International Data Corporation)
pointed that Windows Phone had 115.3% year-over-year growth in second quarter of
2012, thus having a total 3.5% global market share.
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3. Bibliography
<http://www.android.com/whatsnew/> Accessed in 09/04/2012.
<http://www.tecmundo.com.br/jelly-bean/27904-google-now-como-e-por-que-
usar.htm> Accessed in 09/04/2012.
<http://tecnoblog.net/56850/google-android-versoes-nomes-sabores/>
Accessed in 09/05/2012.
<http://www.ign.com/articles/2011/12/23/the-history-of-android> Accessed in
09/05/2012.
<http://www.tech2crack.com/history-android/> Accessed in 09/05/2012.
<http://info.abril.com.br/noticias/tecnologia-pessoal/ios-6-ganha-funcoes-e-
possui-integracao-com-o-facebook-11092012-18.shl> Accessed in 09/06/2012.
<http://www.apple.com/ios/ios6/> Accessed in 09/06/2012.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS_version_history> Accessed in 09/07/2012.
<http://www.techopedia.com/definition/3391/mobile-operating-system-mobile-
os> Accessed in 09/09/2012.
<http://www.uswitch.com/mobiles/guides/mobile_operating_systems/>
Accessed in 09/10/2012.
