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on e-Learning Research Article

The Twenty First Century E- Learning Education

Management & Implication for Media Technology
Adoption in the Period of Pandemic
Ugochukwu O. Matthew1*, Jazuli S. Kazaure2, Ado Saleh Kazaure3, Ogechukwu N. Onyedibe4 and
Abraham N. Okafor3

1
Computer Science Department, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Nigeria
2
Electrical Electronics Engineering Department, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Nigeria
3
Library Information Science Department, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Nigeria
4
African Centre for Excellence, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Nigeria

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The relevance of multimedia electronic learning(e-learning) education in the ongoing COVID-19
pandemic in the developing nations are justifiable on the pedagogical connections between the twenty first century digital
automation and education itself. Multimedia is a creative combination of computer hardware , software and lifeware that
allows for integration of video, animation, audio, graphical information and text resources in an interactive engagement ,
in which information are accessed interactively with any information processing devices.
OBJECTIVES: To enable personalizable and autonomous learning accomplishments when multimedia educational tools
are merged , which allows for diversity in curriculum presentation.
METHODS: The current research investigated 400 postgraduate students of faculty of computer science and information
technology who adopted the multimedia e-learning education approach to ensure that the expected date of graduation was
not extended during the recent institution lock .
RESULTS :The research observed that out of six multimedia e-learning education tools used, e-mail functionalities, chat
apps, audio/video computing application and discussion forum were mostly used to provide meaningful interactive
engagement while blogs and webcast were less utilized.
CONCLUSION: The research proposed an enhanced level electronic participation, electronic readiness and e-learning
education framework that matched the standards for the smartest educational reform that will enable regular and consistent
educational accomplishment without disruptions of academic workflow in the global educational business
,notwithstanding the severity of any future pandemic similar to ongoing COVID-19.

Keywords: Multimedia, Data Mining, E-Learning Education, Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, ICT, Artificial Intelligence
Robots, Information, Sustainable Development.

Received on 10 September 2020, accepted on 19 July 2022, published on 03 August 2022

Copyright © 2022 Ugochukwu O. Matthew et al., licensed to EAI. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution license, which permits unlimited use, distribution and reproduction in any medium so long as the
original work is properly cited.

doi: 10.4108/eetel.v8i1.2342

*
Corresponding author. Email: macdon4ru2003@yahoo.com

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1. Introduction students need to absorb the body of knowledge that have

life time sustainability, capable of assimilating changes
The twenty first century electronic participation or e- brought by the disruptive technologies that underpins
participation is the term used to describe processes of Industry 4.0 and Education 4.0 with its effects on the
engaging the government, academic institution global workplace environment.
administrative protocol, and populace (citizens or From the technology point of view, the twenty first
students) in a well-defined social arrangement[2],[3]. The century digital students are immersed in the varieties of
procedures could be related to administration, service innovations from a very young age[14]. According to
delivery, decision-making and the cycles of policy Prensky (2001a) , he rightly called the present
formation[4]. Thus, e-participation is directly tied to generation students that grew up in a society immersed in
electronic government, administration, and governance technology “digital natives”, the generation that had
participation in well-coordinated social interaction that spoken the language of technology from birth[15].
has necessitated the twenty first century excessive Students are immersed in technology in nearly all aspects
digitization[5]. Digitalization of the classroom teaching of their daily lives such that boundaries between formal,
in schools have recently attained prominence and have semi-formal and informal education is partially
assumed the fundamental aspect of the educational differentiable. With the availability of social networking
development[6]. When done appropriately, it empowers sites , multimedia devices , smartphones , smart
advancement, structures learner behavioral adaptation, television, computers , e-contents (compact disc read only
promotes accountability and stimulate pedagogical memory CD-ROMs, digital versatile disc-DVD-ROMs),
effectiveness within the educational system[7]. However, memory card storage devices, digital story books(e-
the institutions closure triggered by the emergence of books) , electronic downloadable, internet and more
COVID-19 pandemic have exposed the shortcomings of specifically the world wide web (w3), 3-D world ,
the educational systems in Nigeria and other part of the computer educational games, scientific simulation and of
global world. At present, there exist several opportunities course channel programmes had made access to
for private and public sector administrators to refocus the education , knowledge and information to be very
various tiers of education (primary, secondary, tertiary) easy[16].
and fashion approaches to content delivery that supervises However, the increase in access to digital knowledge,
citizen’s requirements for the future academic education and information with respect to unguided media
development[8]. The novel approaches in Industry 4.0 , such as internet, social media networking sites and world
the fourth Industrial Revolution and Education 4.0 wide web could bring problem to the present digital
initiative was to groom the next generation of students society on the premise that most of the sites that the
through technology transformation and automation of current digital society are exposed to are naturally
educational learning in accordance with the global infected[17]. The new internet control protocol that
education reform[9]. The notion of Industry 4.0 describes infused normative terrain to provide surveillance and
how technology, industries, and societal patterns and censorship in an attempt to filter the web content and
processes will change quickly in the twenty-first century digital channels through online surveillance are expanding
as a result of growing interconnectedness and intelligent rapidly with potential innovations around the global
automation. Increased automation, better communication world as part of civility in the democratic leadership
and self-monitoring, and the deployment of intelligent which prohibits activities that constituted public nuisance
technologies that can evaluate and diagnose problems in an online medium[18]. Educationally, social media
without human involvement are all outcomes of this sites are fundamental aspect of the current society
integration. The disruptive technologies improvements culture for adolescent individuals, which are essentially
and globalization policy are advancing the tertiary significant in educating them to utilize those resources
education institution towards a workable future[10]. carefully and realistically as means of knowledge
The fundamental objective of global education and formation , intelligence gathering and educational
training are to energize the citizens towards successful pedagogy [19]. Numerous adolescents obtained classroom
accomplishment in contributing to the knowledge tutelage on digital literacy requirements but have
sustainability, development of environmental ecosystem insufficient opportunities to consolidate the honest
and charting parts for the world economic reforms[11]. competences. The social media interactive pedagogy
The Education 4.0 symbolizes the transformations in saturates the divergence in digital literacy education
Industry 4.0, the global occupational environment that is through amalgamation of empirical instructions in a
expected to prepare workforce with employable skills to convincing and undamaging social cooperative classroom
grantee maximum returns on the educational teaching[20]. The right to moral probity, ethical norms
investment[12]. The Industry 4.0 and Education 4.0 and social values, have increasingly diluted such that the
initiatives have engineered further developments through society moral and religious uprightness is greatly
techno-innovative interventions to enable implementation questionable[21]. The progressive access to digital
of novel technology enhanced Education 4.0 learning media and digital devices had introduced a set of social
experiences that empowers country-level workforce dynamics which had further induced the society with
standards as priorities[13]. The twenty first century

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superlative consciousness of mundane experiences of collaborative learning best practice while their full
disillusionment[22]. potential as educational tools will remain unrealized if
The digital revolution that had occurred provided they are used merely for presentation or demonstration.
certain novel educational accomplishment which are The Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) as
progressively considerable on the side of the students to used interchangeably with multimedia information
continuously effect learning at all moment in an online technologies , defined as the miscellaneous set of
medium , offline, in the classrooms, as well as after technological tools and resources used to communicate,
schools , at home, libraries ,community centres, religious create, disseminate, store, and manage information,[30].
centres -churches organizing special retreats , seminars, These technologies include computers, the internet,
conferences , career talk shows and museums[23]. With electronic broadcasting media technologies (radio and
an array of knowledge and resources available at the television), telephony, satellites communication, software
touch of screen of student’s portable device, students can innovations, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud
truly learn at any time regardless of geographical infrastructures and platform technologies as
boundaries, social and ethnic divide , any place and any services[31].The same also applies to multimedia
pace[24]. Everyone is exposed to varieties of media communication technologies , the creative combination of
technologies in form of computers, the Internet, instant computer hardware and software that allows for
messaging, social networking sites, and cell phones which integration of video, animation, audio, graphics and text
provide instant communication locally and globally. The resources in such a way that information can be accessed
availability of broadband internet connectivity and digital interactively with any information processing devices[32].
convergence had created another dimension of social Multimedia merges multiple levels of learning into an
interconnectedness for education and for intellectual educational tool that allows for diversity in curricula
exchanges. Not surprisingly, research showed that presentation,[23]. The capability of technology to
today’s digital students learn more when engaged in transform the modern classroom, creating some
meaningfully relevant and intellectually stimulating fashionable experiences in the perspective of active
coursework, pointing that technology can increase the classroom engagement that had been established in some
frequency for this type of learning[25]. Ironically, with all diversities of ways. Basically, teachers, tutors, instructors
such familiarity and comforts, technologies present and lecturers will adopt technology as classroom
challenges for educators who struggle to keep up with an management tool for expository learning. While the
ever-changing technology context and students who no adoption of integrated classroom systems via
longer process information primarily in a sequential customized Tablets or Hand held digital device for
manner. Using technologies, teachers can tap into the monitoring student performances will offer a set of
knowledge of experts; visualize and analyse data with leverage to the classroom management, projecting
their students, link learning to authentic contexts and take students for better experiences in the overall academic
advantage of opportunities for electronic shared performances[33] . Many more schools have implemented
reflections[26]. The Educational policymakers, planners, online enterprise data warehouses for student monitoring
reformers and investors should first understand the and evaluation and also making information very flexible
educational requirements of the present day digital to share across computing platforms. The innovative
natives and plan how best to cultivate ,target and harvest technology paradigm will afford the students the
them. These broad goals should guide the choice of opportunities to remain engaged with eyes on course even
technologies to be used and their modalities for adoption. without unequivocal attentiveness with their lecturers and
The potentials of the present day digital technologies teacher in the course management. With the multimedia
varies considerably according to how they are used within contextualized study approach, students will develop the
the educational needs, requirements and objectives[27]. abilities to surpass roadblocks with learning through the
According to [28] ,they identified five levels of assistance from the technology itself[34]. Effective
technology potentials in education which include (i.) classroom management are the techniques for the teachers
Presentation (ii.)Demonstration (iii.) Drill and Practice to certify that school children, undergraduates,
(iv.) Interaction and (v.) Collaboration. apprentices, learners, scholars and pupils are: (i.)
Interestingly, the information communication organized (ii.)orderly (iii.) focused (iv) attentive (v) on
technology (ICT) tools or multimedia information task (vi) academically productive. The assurance of a
communication technology for development (ICT4D) are successful teaching accomplishment is on the effective
represented in print media, audio/video cassettes, radio classroom management to fully realize all educational
and TV broadcasts in the practical reality[29] . objective of comprehensive human capital development.
Computers and internet may be used for presentation and However, the effect of the ongoing global pandemic
demonstration which are the most basic of the five levels had abruptly distressed the educational systems from the
of technologies for education. Except for the video global perspective, steering a near absolute shutdown
technologies, drill and practice may likewise be of schools, universities, polytechnics and colleges of
performed using the whole range of technologies for education[35]. The Government of several countries
assimilation. On the other hand, networked computers and have momentarily locked down all the educational
the internet are the ICT’s that enable interactive and institutions in effort to control the wide escalation of

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COVID-19 within the nation space. An approximate disruptions and formulate methodology for inclusive
value of 1.725 billion students are at present not access to education for all[38].
attending school on the account of lockdowns in reaction
to the COVID-19 global pandemic[36]. The United
Nations International Children's Emergency Fund 3. Research Aims and Objectives
(UNICEF) had examined 106 countries of the world and
released a report indicating that those countries are The scope of the current research is limited to the
presently affected by lockdown and 55 are applying contemporary Nigeria with the expectation of extending
regional closures of academic institutions which had to the developing countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. The
affected 98.6% of the global students populace[37]. The direct and indirect value of the investment highlights how
current research proposed an enhanced level educational valuable research and innovation in enterprise software
engagement and e-learning education framework that environment and education automation are important and
matched the standards for the smartest educational reform why policymakers should strive to continue the
that will enable regular and consistent educational incremental growth support. The current research
accomplishment without disruptions of academic identified essential areas of applicability in the twenty
workflow in the global educational business, first century educational management and academic
notwithstanding the severity of any future pandemic workflow to include:
similar to ongoing COVID-19. The paper is structured i. Improved knowledge sharing through synchronous
into introduction, statement of problem, research aims and and asynchronous instruction delivery
objectives, research questions, literature review , research ii. Ubiquitous data mining
methodology, research finding and analysis , summary iii. Time management and tailored learning
and discussion of findings , research limitations, future iv. Autonomous learning and study guide
research focus, recommendation and conclusion. v. Interactive pedagogy and comprehensive
information processing and knowledge interworking
vi. Access to cloud infrastructures and e-learning
2. Statement of Problem courseware management
vii. Implementation of pervasive and ubiquitous study
The current research identified two critical issues with the habits with self-concept and value clarification
contemporary educational investment in the ongoing viii. Integrate ICT framework and e-learning education
COVID-19 from global perspective and narrowed activities into the mainstream academic business of
discussion to Nigeria and tried to proffer solution to the the students in the selected case study
identified problems. The problems that the current
research was formulated to solve include:
(i.) The identification of ongoing COVID-19 4. Research Questions
obstructive interferences on the academic
workflow of the global educational investment The research is structured to provide answers to the
with particular reference to Nigeria educational following questions:
system. i. To what degree do professors/ lecturers/
(ii.) Sustainability in the educational investment and schoolteachers provide online lessons, presenting
knowledge ecosystem. While analysing the innovative learning approaches , delivering task
situation of education investment and knowledge differentiation, making available feedback,
management from the global perspective and organising online assessments through enterprise
what motivated the researchers to carry out the e-learning education environments in the ongoing
current research. From all indications, COVID-19 pandemic ?
sustainable millennium development goal on ii. Does the adoption of multimedia instructional
education with respect to SDG4 targeted three tools and e-learning education platforms
essential aspects of didactic accomplishment, implementable for teaching and learning in all
bordering on: (i.) educational admission (ii.) higher educational institutions in Nigeria during
educational accomplishment and (iii.) the period of the ongoing COVID-19?
educational results. iii. How do school teachers’ professional competence,
In the current paper, effort was made to synthesize pedagogical knowledge and opportunities for
technology solution to COVID-19 pandemic as it is developing digital adjustment which they were
radically intensifying the pre-existing vulnerabilities most exposed during the COVID-19 impacted their
susceptible students already faced in accessing quality, successful mastery of the subject matter?
safe and comprehensive educational development. While iv. Do lecturers and students embrace these disruptive
the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally technologies and are able to use them effectively
jeopardizes the collective progresses toward achieving the for knowledge cultivation and educational
Sustainable Development Goal #4 (SDG4), the current management in the ongoing COVID-19 and in the
paper seek approaches to counteract the COVID-19 next global pandemic?

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v. What factors limit the e-learning education digital media technologies have a few questions on
platform adoption and utilization for teaching emerging and implementation on the authentic and
and learning in Nigeria tertiary institution in the scholastic backgrounds which focused on the
ongoing COVID-19 pandemic? undisputable presentation and implementation across
platform and across divides. These concerns are how the
twenty first century digital media technologies in
5. Literature Review education can succeed in the actual classroom adoption
and how twenty first century digital media technology
The twenty first century digital world is constantly systems applications can advance the usefulness and
transforming, revolutionizing and ubiquitously evolving effectiveness of educational teachings within the
to potentially prepare the current digital natives for the academics, professional and corporate engagement. The
opportunities in the new world educational management wide adoption of zoom technology for online conference
in the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic and in the attendances, distance education, corporate meeting,
next global bubonic plague[39].The educators (professors, government and administrative engagement in the
lecturers, instructors and teachers) need to adjust the ongoing COVID-19 proved the capacities for the
manners in which educational training are administered in technology configuration in the twenty first century
what can be regarded as the Education 4.0 paradigm shift. digital extreme automation which characterized the
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is an eye opener that Industry 4.0 and Education 4.0 ascendency[45].
the current educational technology and innovation in The academic institutions in the 21st century
Nigeria and Africa are far behind the reality of the twenty will become a central connecting hubs, a center for
first century education model. In the 21st century educators and students to connect with those around
education system , robots are part of modern classroom them and their communities[46]. The educators in the
teaching , mobile computing technology and augmented emerging new environment will assume less
reality technologies are essential tools for interactive instructorship roles and more of information designers,
educational pedagogies, e-learning education , distance providing students with the capacity to transform
education, smart learning, blended learning and digital knowledge into wisdom and creative ideas into
libraries all are adapted to provide access to the commodity products. With respect to Figure 1, the
curriculum of education which motivation will enable Telepresence robotic systems are empowered to provide
students associate and comprehend issues that the current audio and augmented reality video communication
digital society experiences[40]. In attendance to the experiences, becoming more prevalent with the rise of
ongoing global educational disruptions, there exist scores video-capability for consumer electronics and
of diverse solutions to enable students to be educated and affordable internet access for ubiquitous interactivity.
unambiguously accomplished. Those approaches take The telepresence robots have great potential for
account of classroom pontification with physical deployment in the school environment as a means of
textbooks, computer assisted presentations via zoom addressing issues stemming from COVID-19 pandemic
multimedia live streaming platform, smart android and effect it had produced on educational system and
computing device, handheld digital devices, electronic beyond[47]. Uncountable explanations can prevent
domestic device and interactive educational robots [41]. students from attending physical school, such as chronic
According to [42],the diversities in understanding health conditions, short term illness, COVID-19 global
modernism is determined by an individualized pandemic, anxiety and behavioral disorders or character
perceptions and opportunities to innumerable tantrum. The innovative approach will require an
technologies and the infrastructural environment of the updated pedagogical tools, competences, knowledge,
student geographic location. skills and values that should be inherent in the
The speedily transformation of the enterprise technology schemes of the modern teachers for the
educational environment and society, where there are twenty first century all-inclusive academic
existence of unquantifiable intelligence and knowledge business[48]. Such technology schemes can be
for adoption is the frightful connotation for academic multicomponent and flexible for teachers’ adoption
engagement and information application in the most with automatic pedagogical competence as the teaching
appropriate order required for universities and and learning aids.
professional applicability[43]. The augmented reality
environment (ARE) unarguably became appropriate
educational innovation in the twenty first century, which
histrionically modified the situation and schedules of
educational training and digital participation. The current
literature review portrays the twenty first century digital
media technology and how they rub on educational
teachings and physical learning activity and the
prospective impressions they have on the future of
education[44]. On the other hand, the twenty first century

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manage information,[23]. The ICT’s technologies and

tools may include computers, the internet, the world wide
web (W3), smart phones, personal digital assistance,
broadcasting technologies (radio and television), satellites
communication systems, telecommunication system,
4G/5G broadband internet connectivity, software
innovations as service, platform infrastructures as service,
telephony system and more advancely the twenty first
century robotic technologies[52]. The ICT’s essentially
had enhanced communication and device networking
across the geographical boundaries, scientific platforms
and digital manipulations. The same is applicable to
multimedia communication technologies, a creative
combination of computer hardware and software that
allows for integration of video, animation, audio, graphics
and text resources with logic and creativity in such a way
Figure 1: Telepresence Robots for 21st century
that information can be accessed interactively with any
educational augmented reality pedagogy [1].
information processing devices[23]. The e-learning
The 21st century educational training requires education could be interpreted as electronic learning
providing students with the skills needed to succeed in the activities that involves the Internet from a distance via a
evolving digital new world and assisting them develop the customized coursework through the internet world wide
confidence to customize their skills for opportunities for web platform in conjunction with other electronic
creativity and investment[49]. With the availability of gadgets,[53]. The research on multimedia pedagogy and
limitless digital information to the current digital natives , e-learning education categorization established that
the 21st century skills focused essentially on making multimedia applies to the methodology of teaching and
information sharing and knowledge networking available learning for effective classroom management with the aim
and ensuring that ideals, skills and knowledge are used of improving the quality of learning outcomes through the
in a smartest way. The education systems should assist use of media elements such as text, audio, video,
the society to model a superlative order of intellectual animations , computer simulation and 3-D model[54].
capabilities, proficiencies, competences, skills, powers Moreover , within the context of e-learning education
and aptitudes to further consolidate processes of inquiry, , multimedia through its dynamic characterization , helps
permitting collaborative problem solving community of to present facts, occurrences, events and scientific
practitioners and essentially preparing people for scenarios in its raw factual representation and evidential
complete local and global markets competition and for interpretations without suppression and distortion of
global citizenship[50]. The nations of the world who evidential ingredients . Facts with evidential prove of
understood the social dynamics of the modern education graphical illustrations, audio narrations, video display and
will essentially leverage the opportunities in creating 3-Dimensional Simulations methodology will remove
investment in building a strong and healthy economy with distortive narratives which will undoubtedly authenticate
good people living happily within the environmental the information and knowledge source and the scenarios
ecosystem, prospering in all human social economic upon which it is applied . The educational challenges in
endeavours. Availing the citizens with the opportunities Nigeria with respect to comprehensive sustainability to
for quality and affordable education is strategically some extend does not have a straight line panacea rather a
imperative with the globalization of information, hybrid and collage of technological ideas which
knowledge, digital technologies and digital economy unarguably followed systematic pattern. A hybrid
[51]. methodology is suggested based on the understanding of
However, a disparity is arising between those who the contemporary Nigeria geopolitical space and its
have access and means to acquire and use the modern complex social configurations. While the southern Nigeria
information and communication technology (ICT) have more educational privileges , infrastructures and
devices and those who lack the perquisite knowledge western civilization advantage, the northern Nigeria are
and proficiency to contribute meaningfully in the internet yet to advance in rank to meet up with the southern
of things (IoT) age , information age and digital region. Therefore, the multimedia pedagogy will require a
electronic society[23]. The direct consequences of the technological configurations that creatively combines
digital divide and knowledge divide is in the access and computer hardware, software, media tools that will totally
contribution of people to the activities that characterized and comprehensively blend the digital courseware and
the twenty first century digital space and in response to allows for integration of videos, animation, audio,
global economic policies and governance. The ICTs graphics , text resources, creative effects and logic in such
which stand for information communication technologies a manner that information , knowledge and transformative
are set of technological innovations, tools and resources ingredients can be situated and accessed interactively with
used to communicate, create, disseminate, store and any information processing devices[23].

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Fundamentally, multimedia systems combines several 5.3. Integration

learning activities into an educational content that enabled
structural diversities in curriculum accessibility, The Mayer’s multimedia e-learning theory was able to
assimilation, presentation, understanding and digestion of establish the learning phenomenon involving students in
the digital courseware[55]. To adequately deploy the the activities of information processing and education
multimedia in the e-learning environment for effective activities. Students will always learn perfectly well
and interactive pedagogy , the learners, facilitators and whenever corresponding verbal information and visual
instructors can use communication tools such as information are logically linked together in a meaningful
electronic mails, discussion fora , chats option, application context because it will fundamentally make learning more
sharing specification, polls, whiteboards requirement, engaging, meaningful and reinforce able for interactive
audio cast and video conferencing to communicate , pedagogy. The researchers were of the opinion that,
collaborate , cooperate and work as team[56]. Authorities verbally represented information and visually represented
in multimedia e-learning such as, Richard Mayer who is a information when combined intelligently will always
professional in the multimedia learning education practice. complement each other, therefore, when accessing
According to Mayer’s multimedia e-learning theory which verbal information and visually represented information
was based on the Paivio’s Dual code theory (1990), jointly, it will enable students process different models
Sweller’s Cognitive Load theory (1994) and Bruner’s of information simultaneously and collaboratively.
Constructivist theory[57]. Mayer and his co-researcher The line of thought proposed that the theory will
Mareno (2000), carried out several researches on the assist the subject tutors to produce visual learning aids to
multimedia use in delivering instructional design improve students’ academic roles , performances, mental
principles from cognitive theory in multimedia e-Learning agility and self-awareness[59]. In a similar
education. The main observation noted was that very development[53], also analyzed multimedia e-learning
active participatory academic learning occurs whenever education to include all resources utilization for
learner engaged the three cognitive sequence which educational instruction management involving one or
include, Selection, Organization and Integration[58]. more media such as textual information, graphic
information , video information , animated information ,
imagery and audio-sound system managed sensibly to
5.1. Selection
provide access to the educational of curriculum. Mayor’s
theory identified four key fundamental characteristics of
On Mayer’s assumptions, students will always be able to
multimedia information system as followed:
assimilate certain amount of information when they are
i. The multimedia e-learning information systems are
systematically and coherently aligned within the study
basically controlled by computer
expectations. Under this structural arrangement, certain
ii. The multimedia learning systems are highly
verbally represented expressions (words) and visually
integrated and fundamentally interactive
presented images are permanently processed and stored in
iii. The multimedia information system content are
the human brain (hippocampus). The Mayer’s multimedia
digitally characterized with software embodiment
theory perfectly established that during learning process,
iv. The human computer interface for the final
the human brain will selects relevant audibly expressed
presentation of media should be expressive with
words for verbal processing while all the relevant images
maximum interactive flexibility.
are visually processing simultaneously. On this account,
The multimedia e-learning education had been
the verbally expressed information and visually aligned
extremely result oriented in teaching individuals, students,
ideas are coherently processed within the memory circuit.
audiences in a wide range of subject areas. Interactive
This approach will enable the memory to process and
multimedia e-learning education is essentially changing
retain information and students can be able to overcome
the manner and ways through which we effect
the problem of memory loss and frequent forgetfulness. .
communication on individual and group participation.
Academic lectures can be extremely transformative,
5.2. Organization effective and informative when lectures are integrated
with pictures, video, audio, images and graphics and all
The Mayer’s multimedia e-learning theory further the media are coherently held together[32]. The
revealed that, the learners, students, audiences will application of interactive media such as compact disc
usually organize audibly expressed information into read only memory (CD-ROMs) and web based multimedia
coherent verbal models while the visually represented content can be wonderfully engaging for effective
information are processed into coherently visual models academic business in teaching students a wide varieties of
for active learning. The theory established that, the more subject areas, disciplines, and cultures[23].
often the students think about an organized information in Fundamentally, certain multi-sensory engagement,
a meaningful context, the greater the chances of repeating observations and experiences are initiated for the
the information in their working memory, and the more students, learners and audiences, which usually elicits
likely they remember everything that was leant. positive appraisal in the adoption of the multimedia e-
learning application[60].

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6. Research Methodology hundred and fifty (250) questionnaire pertaining to the

female Post Graduate students and another two hundred
In attending to the fundamental research purposes, this twenty (200) questionnaire were delivered to the male
investigation combined qualitative and quantitative Postgraduate students. Two hundred and twenty (220)
methodology and amalgamated the primary and questionnaires from the female postgraduate students and
secondary sources of data in consolidation with the another (180) questionnaires from the male post graduate
research findings. Empirically, the analysis of the data students were appropriately concluded, returned and
and interpretation of the result were supported by realized compatible for computational consideration,
quantitative and qualitative explanations. Research signifying 88% and 90% rejoinder proportion
instruments utilized in the current findings were correspondingly.
structured Survey/Questionnaires, Personal Observation,
Interview/Discussion. Those procedures were intended to
be used to obtain information on the availability and use 8. Data Collection Methods
of multimedia e-learning education for teaching and
learning among lecturers and students in the faculty of The data collection techniques were concentrated on the
Computer Science and Information Technology which perspective of the fundamental performances of the
comprised of four departments; Computer Science[CS] , twenty first century e-learning education goals. Those
Information Technology [IT], Computer Science methodology comprise of primary and secondary data
Economics [CE] and Software Engineering[SE] of the collections bringing together the quantitative and
selected case study in the ongoing COVID-19 global qualitative data analysis already mentioned previously.
pandemic who were currently undergoing categorized Already, data collection instruments are formulated and
post graduate diploma studies(PGD, MSC & PhD). The organized through appropriate techniques to respond
research instrumentation were divided into two sections. correspondingly to the research specific objectives.
Section A sought to obtain information pertaining the Inspection and cross-Examination are also an essential
demographic details of the correspondents (Table1 and characteristics of data collection and there are different
Table2) while Section B contained structured questions sources for this: interviews, documentation, direct
directed to the study objective (Table3 & Table4). The observations, participant observations and archival
survey was conducted in 2020 within the period of the records. However, observational discoveries are
global lock down. In the beginning, a comprehensive contemplated strong in validity for the reason that the
questionnaire based on the objectives of the study was researcher is capable of accumulating a depth of
administered to the postgraduate students in the faculty of information regarding a specific events [61]. An
Computer Science and Information Technology in the Interview could be well-thought-out qualitative when
select tertiary institution comprising of male and female people who are studied to be outstandingly well-informed
gender, who were at present undergoing study in the about the topic of interest are rightly engaged. While
department of Computer Science & Information semi-structured interviews are typically accomplished in a
Technology correspondingly. A stratified random sample face-to-face appointment that enables the researcher to
of 250 female students and 200 male post graduate obtain comprehensive perceptiveness of the subject of
students participated in the data collection exercise. The interest, ask questions and weigh occurrences in
sample took into account the heterogeneous nature of the distinctive evaluations. The principal instrument for
student’s population and diverse digital experiences of the achieving the primary evidence in a level-headed enquiry
composition. A total of 180 (male) and 220(female) is questionnaires, on the account that the investigator
reusable questionnaires were returned by the students for could freely choose on the sample and the categories of
the response rate of 90% and 88% respectively. The data interrogations to issue. Research data could also be
were analysed using descriptive statistics tools. extracted from the professional point of views associated
with the divergence of understanding, organization,
relationship and knowledge exploitation together with
7. Sample of the Population sub-factors. Data acquired in this manner will be
prioritized and utilized for decision-making purposes.
The research study utilized the population sample which Therefore, responses with respect to the data sources was
consist of the male and female Post graduate students satisfactory and reliable, focusing on the questionnaires
from the designated Federal Tertiary Institution in the and Interview/discussion which resulted in the response
North Western Nigeria at the commencement of the rate 90% and 88% respectively. For this reason, the data
nationwide lock down. Proportionate stratified random collection quality level and its composition have not been
sampling was used to select the required sample size of negotiated. The responses rate are contemplated to
250 female and 200 male postgraduate students in relation represent the research composition and organizations.
to the research expectations. The researchers used Therefore, the response rate of the current research is
questionnaire and personal interview where appropriate to satisfactory and fall within the acceptable limits for the
collect data and descriptive statistics were used in purposefulness of the research demand.
analysing the data that relates to the study. While two

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 The Twenty First Century E- Learning Education Management & Implication for Media Technology Adoption in the Period of Pandemic

9. Research Finding And Analysis customized platforms. In the perspective of the Nigeria
peculiarities, the media acted as a double-edged sword as
The result of the current research showed that the twenty it permits students to be aware of information void of
first century digital students are familiar and impacted obstructions and in another development used to
with digital media tools and e-learning education coordinator a huge protest in Nigeria called #END
functionalities. The multimedia tools and ICT gadgets are SARS# protest following the COVID-19 pandemic
useful for learning activities with inclination for lockdown. The current paper investigated the social media
sustainable growth and development. Therefore, leverages for digital pedagogy such as Email Messaging
educators, professors, lecturers and teachers ought to Apps, Zoom platform, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter,
exploit their digital capabilities, lecturing competences WhatsApp, online blogs and online newspapers as the
and knowledgeable advantages for the upcoming mainstream medium adopted by the academia and
generation in the business of knowledge management institutions to interact with their respective students[63].
available on e-learning education environment, digital While the paper communicates the results of the
media and electronic media. In a most perfect investigation of immediate career educationalists
arrangement , multimedia technology education are parts performed in April 2020 to October 2020, the findings
of student’s recent motivations that are essential aspect of from the current paper demonstrated that ICTs tools and
digital natives electronically empowered lives loudly media adoption particularly for educational opportunities
changing their psychological nomenclatures and are instrumental in adapting to online teaching during the
positively impacting the ways they are thinking ,learn COVID-19 pandemic.
and respond to digital scenarios[62]. With multimedia
tools, ICT tools and e-learning education functionalities,
the hope for information growth and survival is on the 10. The Demographic Information
positive side. Moreover, multimedia courseware are Distribution
interesting to view and hear with sound, visual effects
makes lectures much emphatic and reinforce able.
Computer technologies will be helpful and useful in Table 1: Gender Distribution of the Respondents
educational business and investment of the present
generation and the next generation of digital learners
which implies that learning will be less boring when Gender Frequency Percentage
computer is involved together with journalistic Female 220 55%
requirements as information source will be readily Male 180 45%
available and viewable as the dynamic media . The Total 400 100
utilization of computer resources within schools will
Source: Field Survey 2020
impact additionally in technological advancements and in
methodology of teaching and learning due to its ability for
The Information in Table 1, Figure 2 demonstrated that
addressing diversities for learning outcomes. At moment,
220 (55%) of the respondents are Female gender while
computer technology had witnessed advancements in all
180 (45%) of the respondents are Male who sincerely
facets of human managerial responsibilities as it
participated in the research.
incorporates all aspect of media for its interactive
pedagogy. The circumstances of COVID-19 global
pandemic had compelled us to ask fundamental questions
and to re-examine the sort of skills and competencies the
digital society is expecting from the ongoing educational
automation. The susceptibility is arising on the premise
that substantial proportions of the public tertiary
institutions may perhaps be overwhelmed by technical
skills challenges, curricular modularity and the numerical
manageability shortfall of the e-learning development
to the best standard global benchmarks, which
incidentally are instinctive components of the digital
society educational transformation and philosophical
definition of the modernistic civilization.
In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, educators
(professors, lecturers, instructors and teachers) were
challenged with the necessity to be accustomed with the
online teaching. Consequent upon the adoption of the
online teaching methodology, social media became highly
essential and invaluable means of distributing information
to the students in addition to the e-learning education

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Ugochukwu O. Matthew et al.

Table 2: Educational Programme Distribution of the phones, 50(7.1%) , 150(33.0%) used Tablets, 230 (50.7%)
Respondents used Laptops, while 340(7.5%) used Desktop computers
to join in in E-learning education and ICT digital
computing in managing the coursework in the ongoing
Educational Frequency Percentage COVID-19.
Programme
PHD 20 5%
MSC 150 37.5%
PGD 230 57.5%
Total 400 100
Source: Field Survey 2020

The Information in Table 2 Figure 3 shows that

230(57.5%) of the respondents are undergoing PGD
Programme, 150(37.5%) are pursuing MSc Degree
Programme. While 20 (5%) respondents are pursuing PhD
Programme.

Figure 4: Distribution of the E-Learning Computing

Devices

Table 4: The Impact Multimedia E-Learning

Education Technology on the Academics
Performances of the Respondents?

Multimedia E-learning Freque Perce

Functionality ncy ntage
Prolonged Memory 55 11.7
Retention %
Simulation & Hyper- 150 31.8
linkable %
Multi-dimensional 102 21.6
Access to Digital %
electronic contents
Distortion of Learning 3 0.6%
Process
Audibility & Visibility 62 13.1
Table 3: Distribution of the ICT Computing Devices %
Utilization by the Respondents on the E-Learning Interactive Pedagogy 100 21.2
Education Activities %
Total 472 100
Source: Field Survey 2020
E-Learning Computing Frequency Percentage
Device % The information provided in Table 4, Figure 5
Desktop 34 7.5 indicated that 55 Respondents characterizing (11.7%) of
the distribution acknowledged that Multimedia E-
Laptops 230 50.7 learning education functionalities helped them in
Tablets 150 33.0 prolonged memory retention, 102(21.6%) respondents
Smart Phones 40 8.8 acknowledged that Multimedia E-learning education
Total 700 100 technology assisted them in Multi-dimensional access to
digital electronic content with respect to instruction and
Source: Field Survey 2020 learning, 150(31.8%) acknowledged that multimedia e-
learning education functionalities, helped them for
The information contained in Table 3, Figure 4 simulative & hyper linkable exploration , 3 (0.6%)
indicated that 40 (8.8%) of the respondents used Smart acknowledged that multimedia e-learning education

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 The Twenty First Century E- Learning Education Management & Implication for Media Technology Adoption in the Period of Pandemic

technologies distort learning processes, 62 (13.1%) digital devices to make and receive calls, send
acknowledged that multimedia technology e-learning message but does not demand further use and exploration
education increases the chances of audibility and of the digital component and facilities of the smart
visibility, while 100 (21.2%) acknowledged that multimedia tools. They also use computers for minor
multimedia enhances interactivity. computing assignments with no much expedition of any
advanced exploration of the 21st century digital learning
Figure 5: The Impact Multimedia E-Learning Education apparatus.
Technology on the Academics Performances of the The result of the findings shows that with the current
Respondents distribution of the digital society, especially academic
environment, all students does not have equal level of
digital participation and knowledge rank. While we
openly admit technology leverage, attention also must
be paid to digital frustration and economic pressure in
keeping abreast with the 21st century digital technologies
for e-learning education expeditions.

Source: Field Survey 2020

11. Summary/Discussion of Findings

In analysing the result of the current research, attention
must be given to the electronic digital media tools and
multimedia elements of the present time which had
impacted education and created a new digital paradigm Further investigation shows that majority of the
which had further distinguished the present digital society respondents do have access to the multimedia resources
into four distinct natives; (i.) The super digital natives on campus but not always. The multimedia utilities in this
(Q1) (ii.) The advanced digital natives (Q2) (iii.) The faculty and departments are being viewed by respondents
average digital natives (Q3) and (iv) Mere digital natives as being inadequate with respect to demand and digital
(Q4). The Q1 digital natives have superlative knowledge realization of the 21st century e-learning education
and understanding of the digital world and all that environment. The study further revealed that the Internet
characterized digital society. They specify the direction of and its facilities as well as the computers storage
the digital society and lead in the innovative thinking distributable (CD-ROMs, DVD and External Hard drive)
involving computer ideas, information and smart were the mostly used of the multimedia resources while
technologies. Majority of this class of natives are students the television and few others were the least used. Lack of
of computer science and those with strong computer supportive infrastructures, lack of time to spend on
background like electrical electronics, mathematics, technology, inadequate training, inadequate fund on the
information technology and information science like part of individual lecturers and high cost of technology
library. The Q2 digital natives have digital knowledge were the major constraint limiting the use of multimedia
but required more advancement and special training to in real life experience with respect to teaching and
fully upgrade to the next higher ranking (Q1). The learning activities. While reference is made to Figure 6,
individuals in Q2 ranking have very good knowledge of the current research revealed that among all the e-learning
digital world but incomparable with Q1 digital natives. education media tools available in the 21st century digital
The Q3 digital natives are simply on the average scale of space, the email tools is mostly used. The research further
digital knowledge performance. Majority of students revealed the implications of several discussion fora. The
might end up as average digital natives without advancing essentiality of the chat groups, Apps sharing, audio/video
to the next higher ranking due to age, economic factors computing apps the general purpose streaming Zoom
and job commitment and family life. The mere digital electronic platform, webcasting and blogs use for
natives (Q4) naturally inhabit the digital space without interactive pedagogy and digital collaboration are very
significant impact in the digital ecosystem. They use the essential for digital realization and classroom

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Ugochukwu O. Matthew et al.

management[64]. The research posit that continuous outcome of the students. Providing high internet
adoption and sustenance of the multimedia tools and e- connectivity (5G/4G) will be of great benefit in delivering
learning education will boost knowledge application, the E-Learning functionalities.
information sharing and intelligence gathering in the new
classroom management.
12.4. Issues with curriculum harmonization
and design adjustment
12. Research Limitations
The twenty first century educational automation will
Notwithstanding the prospects of the ongoing twenty first impact significantly on the current curriculum of
century educational automation and what Nigeria , sub- education. Incorporating artificial intelligence, machine
Saharan Africa and entire global world anticipated to coding, augmented reality and simulation will go a long
achieve through the adoption of e-learning paradigm, this way to support the access to education through
research had acknowledged certain fundamental issues of autonomous learning approach and interactive pedagogy.
ultimate concern and also proffer solution. Remarkably, Therefore, finding the perfect blend and absolutely
the current research had identified the following synchronization, linking concept to authentic context will
limitations; be a very challenging task.

12.1. Digital Activation and Media Literacy 12.5. Power/electricity Supply

consideration
From the current research , the distribution of the digital
natives into Q1(super digital natives), Q2(advanced The new design will require electricity distribution or its
digital natives),Q3(average digital natives) and Q4(mere alternative such as solar grid for constant operation. The
digital natives) have considerable consequences on their Government will have the responsibility to provide the
individual responses to digital world which will influence basic infrastructure, otherwise the entire system will
the delivery and adoption of the new twenty first century collapse.
technology projected in the current research. The learners
and individuals from the inaccessible communities with
little knowledge of computer, sophiscated digital gadgets 13 Future Research Focus
and personal digital assistance might be confronted with
unimaginable frustrations in the adoption of the new Technology advancement will provide the basis for
technological innovation in the ongoing digital society Industry 4.0 to remodel the educational business and
extreme automation. economic topologies in the coming years. In quantifying
the effects of the twenty first century digital automation
on the industrial workforce, we also looked at the
12.2. Digital Knowledge Divide influence of technology on the advancement of research
and education. The application of internet of things,
The knowledge divide is generally the gap between those artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud technology
with requisite knowledge to operate the new modern and big data in the knowledge engineering will diminish
technologies and those without the ability and skills to the figure of employees engaged in quality control manic
perform such task. With the current distribution of the operation, thereby intensifying the exigency for the
society, all learners do not have equal knowledge level. scientific evolution[31]. The robotic assisted inventions
Moreover, the rich people will always have access to will significantly advance the automation of several
knowledge and skills than the poor. The rich will always industrial and educational processes while condensing the
have advantage over the poor due to economic inequality. volume of labour-intensive formations[65]. Every single
Notwithstanding, the increasingly support in the global classroom teacher and lecturer are anticipated to utilize
ICT projects and digital activation, with the new educational technologies to advance student learning
paradigm, such gaps will be bridged perfectly. opportunities and performances in every subject area.
The future research will consolidate on adoption of
12.3. Universal Internet Access augmented reality (AR ) innovation and application of
such technologies in developing educational research
This design will demand internet support and digital grid such as AR in computer science , engineering ,
connection. Connectivity will be optimized to mathematics , quantum physic , biology , chemistry,
accommodate every logistics and to enable students study anatomy and history in the tertiary education system.
at all times. Commitment is highly expected by the Augmented reality technology should be adopted into
government to provide internet connectivity but if internet educational programme for career professionals and
connectivity is lacking, the entire workflow may be students with offer of computer generated 3-D
hindered and that will impact negatively on the learning environments, together with augmented reality games

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and simulations regarding hazardous materials operation, educational interaction that is capable of addressing
military defence tactic, concept awareness, control the present day educational requirements through
process and extreme automation. technological approaches.
iv. Increased automation of educational infrastructure
through artificial intelligence robotic inducement to
14. Recommendations creating opportunities for autonomous learning
adaptation.
In addressing issues in the digital age, the future strategic v. Teachers should be empowered with skill
objectives must be geared in perspective of development to keep abreast with current disruptive
institutionalizing modern technologies into educational technology growth.
curriculum through early adoption of e-learning education
design in the grassroots education programme. The event
of 2020 global pandemic (COVID-19) that led to total 15. Conclusion
shutdown of all institutions across the world with
consequential impact in the global knowledge ecosystem The current research captured the tertiary institutions
with respect to SDG4. The Sustainable Development Goal ostensible involvement in utilizing electronic media and
on education (SDG4) targeted three fundamental aspects platforms to increase assistance for student’s educational
of educational investment, which include, access to pursuits, highlighting the personal supervisor when a
education, completion of education and learning student is disconnected from actual coursework activities.
outcomes. The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic had The wide adoption of zoom technology for online
obstructively interfered on the academic workflow in conference attendances, distance education, corporate
Nigeria tertiary education, and had furthered impeded the meeting, government and administrative engagement in
sustainable knowledge and infrastructure management, the ongoing COVID-19 proved the capacities for the
becoming a critical issues in the contemporary technology configuration in the twenty first century
educational investment around the world. With the current digital extreme automation which characterized the digital
development, future educational policy direction will technology ascendency. With the current development,
bring about streamlined programmes with the central future educational capitalization will produce restructured
objective of preparing the academic community with programmes with the fundamental intention of preparing
opportunities for self-development, self-empowerment, the academic community with opportunities for self-
innovative technology enrichment opportunities to development, self-empowerment, innovative technology
increase economic growth and sustainable development in enrichment, opportunities to increase economic growth
the knowledge ecosystem. To bring about this desirable and sustainable development in the knowledge ecosystem.
trend, the following strategies have been recommended The current research had established that while most
for action at various levels of interactions within the institutions completely enforced locked down, several
vocational and technical education around the world and institutions adopted e-learning education methodology to
most specifically Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa. ensure that the duration of the postgraduate programmes
i. Development of robust e-learning autonomous in several faculties and departments do not exceed.
environment more powerful than the current e- The survey of 400 post graduate students during the
learning education platform such as zoom ongoing COVID-19 showed that technology in
technology platform. The anticipated enterprise e- education has the potentials for self-governance, self-
learning platform should allow synchronous and regulation and self-sustenance necessary for educational
autonomous detection of participants through automation, digital synchronization and self-democracy.
artificial intelligence and machine learning coding. The research had established also that among the e-
ii. The federal government should formulate a national learning education tools adopted to achieve milestone
policy on multimedia technology education aimed at during the institutional lock down include e-mail tools,
incorporating multimedia development discussion forum , audio/video computing software
programmmes in the system of education and particularly zoom technology, YouTube , Facebook ,
vocational training with potential of designing e- blogs, webcast, and chat apps. Finally, the current
tutoring courseware across discipline to facilitate the research had established that in future global pandemic
process of autonomous e-learning requirements. that could impact physical face-to-face contacts, e-
iii. A national curriculum project on multimedia learning education could be adopted to ensure that
development should be established by the federal academic activities proceeded without disruptions.
ministry of education in conjunction with
Universities, Polytechnics and Colleges of education
Conflict Of Interest
to harmonize the modalities for e-learning adoption
There is no conflict of interest regarding this piece of
following the circumstances of COVID-19. The
research work.
setup should capture the fundamental requirements,
generate modalities, sensitization and advance
curricula components for different levels of

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