A

Presentation on

CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT&
ENTREPRENEURSHIP(BCV501)

by
Dr. Yashwanth. M. K
Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore
Mandya-571 477
MODULE 2- RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
 CONTENTS
1. Basic Concepts of Resource Management.
2. Class of Labour.
3. Wages & Statutory Requirement.
4. Labour Production Rate or Productivity.
5. Factors Affecting Labour Output or Productivity.
6. Construction Equipment's.
7. Material Management.
Resource management is the practice of planning,
scheduling, and allocating people, money, and technology to a
project or program.

Resource management is the efficient and effective

development of an organization's resources include the
financial resources, inventory, human skills, production
resources, or information technology (IT) and natural
resources when they are needed.

Resource management is the process of enhancing

efficiency and guiding the use of such project-critical
resources as employees, equipment, and tools.
Resource management is the process of planning,
forecasting, scheduling, and optimizing the entire resource
lifecycle for successful project delivery.
Types of Project and Organizational Resources
❑ Time

❑ Raw materials

❑ Human resources

❑ Machinery and equipment

❑ Financial resources

❑ Information and data

Resource Planning
Resource planning is a comprehensive process of planning,
forecasting, and allocating resources to the most suitable
projects proactively. It also ensures efficient and
effective utilization of resources as per their
capacity/availability to drive favorable project outcomes.
Resource Forecasting & Capacity Planning
Resource forecasting enables managers to estimate
pipeline project requirements well ahead of the curve. It
helps them perform the capacity vs demand gap analysis to
identify resource excesses and shortages.
Resource Scheduling
Resource scheduling involves identifying and deploying
competent resources such as people, equipment, materials,
and facilities to various tasks for a specific period.
Resource Utilization
Resource utilization is a critical KPI that measures the time
employees spend on different project tasks against their
availability. It helps track and monitor the resource
utilization rates and determine if employees are
over/under-utilized. Accordingly, managers can take
necessary measures to optimize their utilization levels.
Resource Optimization
Resource optimization is the process of utilizing resources
most efficiently to achieve overall business goals. This
includes ensuring the right resource is available at the
right time, preventing sub-optimal resource utilization of
employees, and improving the bottom line.
Benefits of Resource Management
Resource management tools and techniques help
organizations establish a resource management process or
framework that can bring numerous benefits such as:
• Accurately defining the project resource
requirements greatly facilitates the budgeting process and
helps avoid unexpected costs, delays and other issues
during the project execution
• Effective resource management helps maximize resource
utilization rate and resource efficiency which have a direct
impact on the profitability of a business in industries like
construction and manufacturing.
Benefits of Resource Management
• Resources can be strategically allocated to finish projects
in time when they’re behind schedule
• Resource planning allows organizations to ensure they’re
well-equipped for future challenges, such as meeting
estimated customer demand or implementing long-term
projects and programs
Stages of Resource Management
First Stage
The initial stage of resource management is to know what
resources are required to deliver the project to the client
or customers. This involves knowing what resources are
required to deliver the project and which people or
companies can provide those resources.
Second Stage
The second stage is to organize the resources into a
workflow, from start to finish. This includes assigning tasks
and responsibilities for each resource needed for the
project, such as designers or developers.
Stages of Resource Management
Third Stage
The third stage is managing any unexpected changes in the
scope on a project by updating timelines and budgets
accordingly.
Fourth Stage
The fourth stage is to monitor and report the progress of
each project. This includes reporting on progress and any
issues that may arise during the process, and making sure
that everyone involved in delivering the project is up-to-
date with what’s happening, so they can make adjustments
as needed.
Stages of Resource Management
Fifth Stage
The fifth stage is to review and close out the project once
it’s been completed. This includes conducting a post-mortem
of your work to make sure that you didn’t miss anything in
the process and that there are no outstanding issues or
problems with current projects.
Resource Plan Template
Class of Labour
1. Labourers
• General Labourer: Performs basic tasks such as loading
and unloading materials, digging trenches, and assisting
other workers.
• Skilled Labourer: Has specialized skills in areas like
masonry, carpentry, or plumbing.
2. Carpenters
• Framing Carpenter: Builds the framework of structures.
• Finish Carpenter: Installs final touches like moldings,
trim, and cabinetry.
Class of Labour
3. Masons
• Bricklayer: Works with bricks and blocks to construct
walls and other structures.
• Stone Mason: Works with stone materials for decorative
or structural purposes.
4. Electricians
• Residential Electrician: Installs and maintains electrical
systems in homes.
• Commercial Electrician: Works on electrical systems in
commercial buildings.
Class of Labour
5. Plumbers
• Residential Plumber: Installs and repairs plumbing
systems in homes.
• Commercial Plumber: Works on larger plumbing systems
for businesses and industrial facilities.
6. Ironworkers
• Structural Ironworker: Assembles and installs steel
frameworks for buildings.
• Reinforcing Ironworker: Places steel bars and mesh to
reinforce concrete structures.
Class of Labour
7. Roofers
• Shingle Roofer: Installs shingles on residential roofs.
• Flat Roofer: Works on flat roofs, often using materials
like tar or rubber.
8. Heavy Equipment Operators
• Excavator Operator: Operates excavators for digging
and grading.
• Crane Operator: Operates cranes to lift heavy materials.
Class of Labour
9. Concrete Workers
• Concrete Finisher: Prepares and finishes surfaces of
poured concrete.
• Concrete Pump Operator: Operates machinery that
pumps concrete to construction sites
10. Site Supervisors/Foremen
• Construction Foreman: Oversees daily operations on
construction sites and manages laborers.
• Site Supervisor: Ensures compliance with safety
regulations and project specifications.
Class of Labour
11. Project Managers
• Construction Project Manager: Plans, coordinates, and
oversees construction projects from inception to
completion.
12. Safety Officers
• Construction Safety Officer: Ensures safety protocols
are followed and manages workplace safety.
13. Architects and Engineers
• Architect: Designs buildings and structures, ensuring
functionality and aesthetics.
• Civil Engineer: Plans and designs infrastructure like roads, bridges,
and water systems.
Wages and Statutory Requirements
Wages and Statutory Requirements
Wages and Statutory Requirements
Wages and Statutory Requirements
Fixing hours for normal working day, etc.
1.The appropriate Government may, by rules.-
(a) Fix the number of hours of work which shall constitute
normal working day for a building worker, inclusive of one
or more specified intervals;
(b) Provide for a day of rest in every period of seven days
which shall be allowed to all building workers and for the
payment of remuneration in respect of such days of rest;
(c) Provide for payment of work on a day of rest at a rate
not less than the overtime rate specified in section 29.
Wages and Statutory Requirements
Fixing hours for normal working day, etc.
(2) The provisions of sub-section (1) shall, in relation to the
following classes of building workers, apply only to such
extent, and subject to such conditions, as may be
prescribed, namely:-
(a) persons engaged on urgent work, or in any emergency
which could not have been foreseen or prevented;
(b) persons engaged in a work in the nature of preparatory
or complementary work which must necessarily be carried
on outside the normal hours of work laid down in the rules;
(c) persons engaged in any work which for technical reasons
has to be completed before the day is over:
(d) persons engaged in a work which could not be carried on
except at times dependent on the irregular action of
natural forces.
Wages and Statutory Requirements
Wages for overtime work.
(1) Where any building worker is required to work on any
day in excess of the number of hours constituting a normal
working day, he shall be entitled to wages at the rate of
twice his ordinary rate of wages.
(2) For the purposes of this section, "ordinary rates of
wages" means tile basic wages plus such allowances as tile
worker is for the time being entitled to but does not
include any bonus.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Definitions
❑ Productivity is a measure of the output vs. the input.
❑ The US department of commerce defines productivity
as dollars of output per man-hour of input.
❑ The Productivity as the ratio of output to input, both
expressed in terms of monetary terms.
❑ Productivity can be broadly classified as
✓ Labour Productivity.
✓ Materials Productivity.
✓ Equipment Productivity.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Definitions
❑ The construction labour productivity is defined as
functional output per labour team hour.
Functional output of construction team is generally
expressed in terms of units of measure of work.
❑ Labour productivity is the ratio of the work done to the
number of labours deployed for the job.
The labour productivity measurement is for a day, a
week or a month. It is an indication of the efficiency of
the workers.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
❑ The term labour productivity as commonly understood
implies the rate at which the work is accomplished.
❑ There are 2 terms associated with productivity
1. Planned or Standard Productivity.
2. Actual or Performance Productivity.
❑ 1. Labour ideal Productivity = Output per unit time with
trained labour under ideal conditions.
2. Labour Standard Productivity = Labour planned output
per unit time under normal conditions.
3. Labour Performance Productivity = Labour actual
output per unit time in project environment.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
❑ 4. Performance efficiency factor = Labour standard
Productivity / Labour Performance Productivity.
5. Labour Production Standard =
Worker output norms x production efficiency factor.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
A. Labour Related Factors
1. Labour Characteristics : These include age, skill and
experience of workforce, leadership and motivation
qualities.
• Labour calibre of quality and quantity of work
produced in the past.
• Demonstrated knowledge of requirements, methods,
techniques and skills involved in doing the job and
applying these to increase productivity.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
A. Labour Related Factors
1. Labour Characteristics : These include age, skill and
experience of workforce, leadership and motivation
qualities.
• Related knowledge of effects of work upon other
areas which will have influence on assigned work.
• Resource utilization ability and effectively use all
resources available.
• Dependability on carrying out commitments and
obligations.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
A. Labour Related Factors
1. Labour Characteristics : These include age, skill and
experience of workforce, leadership and motivation
qualities.
• Ability in using oral and written communications among
associates, superiors.
• Interpersonal skills in an appropriate and productive
manner.
• Ability to work under pressure – ability to meet tight
deadlines and adapt to changes.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
A. Labour Related Factors
1. Labour Characteristics : These include age, skill and
experience of workforce, leadership and motivation
qualities.
• Knowledge of good safety practices.
• Ability to generate and implement sound productive
ideas.
• Planning ability to anticipate needs, forecast
conditions and schedule work plans.
• Leadership ability to influence colleagues to work
towards work objectives.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
A. Labour Related Factors
2. Labour Availability
• The labour production also depends on the employment
opportunities available in the market.
• If jobs are plenty and labour is scarce, the labour
production tends to become less.
• During a slump in the construction market, labour is
easily available when there is a dearth of jobs.
• In scarce job situation, the overall production
improves since the employers can sort out labor with
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
A. Labour Related Factors
3. Labour idle time during working hours in uncontrolled
environment
• Labour do waste time during working hours.
• Some method studies show that a worker hardly
devotes 40%-60% of time in actual execution of
work.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
B. WORK Related Factors
1. Work region productivity index
• The labour productivity norms vary from area to
area. Labour coming from different areas, even when
employed on a similar job, have different
productivity. This difference is due to a blend of
many ethnic and environmental factors.
• A worker productivity index is defined as the ratio of
the job site worker team or labour productivity under
a different set of work condition to the base labour
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
B. WORK Related Factors
1. Work region productivity index
• Productivity and is a measure of the relative
efficiency of a project under this new set of work
conditions.
2. Work Complexity
• A simple familiar work is easier to execute than an
unfamiliar, complex one.
• The extra effort needed for the unfamiliar type of
work, especially in the initial stages, may range from
10 to 100% of the normal expected productivity.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
B. WORK Related Factors
3. Quality Control
Stringent quality control in sensitive projects like in the
construction of nuclear reactor calls for frequent
inspections, which involve elaborate documentation and a
time consuming task. They increase the non-productive
time of labour and, in turn, reduces production by 10 -
25%
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
B. WORK Related Factors
4. Equipment-intensive tasks
The construction tasks which can be performed wholly
or partly with equipment's include excavating, handling,
transporting, filling, compaction, grading, hoisting,
fabricating, pre-casting,erecting, plastering, finishing,
paving, trenching, cable laying, pipe laying and so on.
However, the equipment-intensive tasks are less
susceptible to production changes than the labour-
intensive ones
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
B. WORK Related Factors
5. Climatic and weather conditions
Generally, under average weather conditions with
temperature varying from 20oC to 30oC and relative
humidity of 60%, the Indian labour continue working at
the same production level.
But extreme weather situations and seasonal changes
like extreme hot or cold climate, high humidity, strong
winds and rains and working in high-altitude areas
affect both production as well as the performance.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
C. MANAGEMENT Related Factors
1. Role of Management
• The project management has a key role to play in
planning and controlling production.
• It is responsible for specifying the weekly target of
work to be accomplished by the labor as well as how
the works are to be executed.
• During the execution stage, the management
provides the necessary resource support and closely
monitors the performance.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
C. MANAGEMENT Related Factors
2. Supervision
• A supervisor manages his assigned technical work as
well as the labour under him.
• The accomplishment of tasks economically and on
schedule mostly depends upon the competence of
supervisor, which in turns affects the labour
production.
• An efficient and effective supervisor can get a
higher production from labor by reducing non-
productive time.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Factors affecting labor output or Productivity
C. MANAGEMENT Related Factors
3. Feedback to labour
• It provides feedback to the labour on their past
performance and communicates performance
improvement measures.
• It suitably rewards the labour who have done
exceptionally well and keeps the morale of the work
force high.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Labour Productivity Calculations
1. Excavation
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Labour Productivity Calculations
1. Excavation
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Labour Productivity Calculations
2. Reinforcement works
The reinforcement works include several activities such as

• Rebar selection and transportation from store yard to

the steelyard
• Rebar straightening
• Marking & cutting
• Bending in the desired shape
• Transporting to the worksite
• Placing & fixing in the member (footing, beam, column,
slab, etc.)
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Labour Productivity Calculations
2. Reinforcement works
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Labour Productivity Calculations
3. Shuttering works
The shuttering works include several activities such as

• Board making and re-making.

• Transporting the shuttering material at the work site.
• Staging for the superstructure shuttering jobs.
• Fixing of shuttering in place.
• Applying the supports and props to the shuttering fixed.
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Labour Productivity Calculations
3. Shuttering works
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Labour Productivity Calculations
4. Concreting works
The concreting works include several activities such as

• Transporting of construction material from store to the

mixing plant
• For manual works, the labour mixes the material, adds
water to it.
• For batching plant, the labour helps the batching plant
operator.
• Transportation from batching plant to the worksite
• Concrete pump operation and concrete pipeline work
• Concrete compaction or vibration
• Levelling and Finishing
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
Labour Productivity Calculations
4. Concreting works
Labor Production Rate or Productivity
According to the research paper “A Study on Construction Labour
productivity Parameters in India” developed by ‘K Dasari, and Rao
Rameshwara C B’, The standard labour attributes and their constants
for 1, cum of RCC in building construction up to plinth level as per
IS7272, Telangana State Building Data (TS), and CPWD are as follows
–