Science II Question and Answer
Q. Answer the following questions.
1. Give reasons : Our body irritates if it comes in contact with jellyfish.
Ans :
i. The mouth of jellyfish is surrounded by tentacles.
ii. The tentacles possess cnidoblasts which are used for capturing prey or for defense.
iii. When our body comes in contact with the tentacles of jellyfish, these cnidoblasts
penetrate our skin as a defensive action.
iv. Cnidoblast injects the toxin in our body and thus, our body irritates if it comes in
contact with jellyfish.
2. Give reasons : Annelids are considered as eucoelomates.
Ans :
i. The cavity between the body and internal organs is called as body cavity/ coelom.
ii. During initial period of embryonic development of multicellular animals, the body cavity
is formed from either mesoderm or gut.
iii. This type of body cavity is called as true body cavity and animals with this type of body
cavity are eucoelomates.
iv. Annelids possess true body cavity and therefore are considered as eucoelomates.
3. Give reasons : Why is earthworm called as friend of farmers?
Ans :
i. Earthworms loosen the soil by burrowing deep into it, thus they help to aerate the soil.
ii. This continuous digging of soil also helps the water to reach the roots quickly.
iii. Earthworms can decompose the organic matter from the soil and convert it into rich
manure.
iv. This helps in increasing the fertility of soil, which ultimately increases the crop
production.
Thus, earthworm is called as friend of farmers.
4. Give reasons : To which phylum does cockroach belong? Justify your answer with
scientific reasons.
Ans :
i. Cockroach belongs to Phylum Arthropoda.
ii. It has jointed appendages, which is the characteristic feature of members belonging to
phylum Arthropoda.
iii. The body of cockroach is triploblastic, eucoelomate, bilaterally symmetrical, segmented
and divisible into head, thorax and abdomen.
iv. Its exoskeleton is chitinous.
Due to the presence of these characteristics, it can be said that cockroach belongs to
phylum Arthropoda.
5. Give reasons : Balanoglossus is a connecting link between Non-chordates and
Chordates.
OR
How is Balanoglossus connecting link between chordates and non-chordates?
Ans :
i. Balanoglossus belongs to phylum Hemichordata.
ii. It possesses certain characteristics of both Chordates and Non-chordates.
iii. Absence of vertebral column or spinal cord and a worm-like body are the Non- chordate
like characteristics seen in Balanoglossus.
iv. Presence of notochord, pharyngeal gill slits are some Chordate-like characters seen in
Balanoglossus.
Hence, Balanoglossus is considered as a connecting link between Non-chordates and
Chordates.
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6. Give reasons : All Vertebrates are Chordates but all Chordates are not Vertebrates.
Ans :
i. Presence of notochord is a characteristic feature of all Chordates.
ii. In members of subphylum Urochordata, notochord is present in tail region of larvae and
absent in adults.
iii. In case of subphylum Cephalochordata, notochord is present throughout the life of the
animal.
iv. However, members of subphylum Vertebrata, possess a notochord only during
embryonic stages of development.
This notochord is replaced by vertebral column in the adult stage of Vertebrates.
Thus, due to the absence of notochord in adult Vertebrates, it is said that all Vertebrates
are Chordates, but all Chordates are not Vertebrates.
7. Give reasons : Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included
in class-Amphibia.
Ans :
i. Tortoise creeps on land as it cannot lift its body up.
ii. Unlike amphibians, the skin of tortoise is dry and scaly.
iii. Neck is absent in amphibians but in tortoise, neck is present between the head and
trunk.
iv. The digits of tortoise have claws, which are absent in amphibians.
Thus, tortoise cannot be include in class- Amphibia, though it lives on land as well as in
water and is include in class Reptilia.
8. Give reasons : Body temperature of reptiles is not constant.
Ans :
i. Reptiles are poikilotherms, i.e. cold blooded animals.
ii. Unlike homeothermic animals like mammals and birds, they are unable to regulate their
body temperature internally.
iii. Their body temperature depends directly on the external surroundings.
iv. They can control their body temperature only by moving to an environment with a
suitable ambient temperature.
v. Thus, the body temperature of reptiles is not constant.
9. Distinguish between : Chordates and Non chordates
Ans :
Chordates Non chordates
i. Body is supported by notochord. Body is not supported by notochord.
ii. Pharyngeal gill slits are present, Pharyngeal gills slits are absent.
at least in developmental stages.
iii. Nerve chord is hollow and Nerve chord if present, is solid, paired and
present dorsally present ventrally.
iv. Heart is present on the ventral Heart, if present, is on the dorsal side of the
side of the body. body.
10. Distinguish between : Butterfly and Bat
Ans :
Butterfly Bat
i. It belongs to phylum Arthropoda. It belongs to phylum Chordata.
ii. It has jointed appendages. It does not have jointed appendages.
iii. It has four wings for flying. It has patagium that functions as a wing.
iv. Body is divisible into head, Body is divisible into head, neck, trunk and
thorax and abdomen. tail.
v. Exoskeleton chitinous. Exoskeleton is in the form of hairs.
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