MHNT-Guide Line
MHNT-Guide Line
HEALTH BUREAU
SEPTEMBER, 2011
JIJIGA
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Contents
List of Abbreviations...............................................................................................................................3
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................4
Rationale of the operational manual........................................................................................................4
MHNT Service package..........................................................................................................................5
Service package components..................................................................................................................5
Staffing and Team Management.............................................................................................................6
MHNT Service Delivery Modality.........................................................................................................8
Service Organization...........................................................................................................................8
MH&NT Assignment and Withdrawal Criteria......................................................................................9
Selection of Service Delivery Sites.....................................................................................................9
Working Schedule and Strategy..............................................................................................................9
Logistics................................................................................................................................................10
Supplies.............................................................................................................................................10
Supply Management..........................................................................................................................10
Transportation...................................................................................................................................10
Training Package for the MH&N team members.................................................................................11
OTP Follow up during Suspensions and Withdrawals..........................................................................11
Coordination, Monitoring and Reporting..............................................................................................12
Coordination......................................................................................................................................12
Planning, Monitoring and Supportive Supervision...........................................................................12
Reporting...........................................................................................................................................12
Review meetings...............................................................................................................................12
Documentation and dissemination of good practices........................................................................13
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List of Abbreviations
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Introduction
Mobile health teams in the Somali region were piloted in 2004 for eight severely drought and measles
epidemic affected areas. During this first period, the teams had neither formal training nor specific
guidelines to follow. There were no clear movement schedules. The teams offered basic health services
with free drugs and health education. There was no attempt to monitor the activities of the teams and
record numbers of patients seen.
In 2006 mobile teams were re-introduced again in 16 woredas during the severe drought which affected
the horn of Africa. During this second period training was organized focussing on key priorities to prevent
child morbidity and mortality. Additional services offered included emergency nutrition and ITNs
distribution. The teams were covering more or less 1 woreda each with at least six service delivery points.
There was increased emphasis on monitoring with regular supervision by the RHB and UNICEF and
regular reporting of outpatient consultations. As a result, achievements made were quite exciting
especially in the 1st phase of the project.
In 2009 mobile health teams were again introduced and expanded to 20 woredas. In this period, including
the existing designated services, immunization and other maternal health services were included.
Over the past seven years, deployment of mobile health teams was needed again and again to save lives of
vulnerable communities because of the repeated emergencies with increasingly weakened resilience to
shocks (Drought, Floods, Disease outbreaks and conflicts) living in poor or limited basic infrastructures
for service delivery that can meet public demand even in normal times. Using the opportunity of the
mobile health and nutrition teams (MHNTs), the regional health bureau and partners have increased
disease surveillance to identify risk factors and monitor malnutrition pattern and alsoimproved access and
utilisation through the provision of free outreach/mobile health and nutrition services with a focus on
women and children, particularly in hard to reach areas and the need for.
With each round of MHNT deployment, the RHB and partners used lessons from previous experience to
improve the service delivery as well as the operational issues related to the team movement. The service
package has evolved from measles epidemic response to including the major child killer diseases (malaria,
pneumonia, diarrhea, malnutrition and measles) and later to including WASH activities and building the
capacity of the local health system.
The main objective of the mobile teams is to improve access to - and utilization of - basic child and
women friendly health, nutrition and WASH services to prevent avoidable morbidities and mortalities and
alert, prevent and control disease outbreaks.
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Document the experience in a guideline and create opportunity for better service provision through
continued revision and improvement,
Clarify minimum operational standards from MHNT.
Maternal health
Maternal health package is composed on Antenatal and New-born Care (ANC) including Iron
Supplementation, provision of TT, distribution of clean and safe delivery kit, identification of high risk
mothers and facilitation of referral system to the nearest health facility, birth preparedness & complication
readiness, counselling on Family Planning (FP), breast feeding & HIV. Others are promotion of safe
Delivery, Post Natal Care and Vitamin A supplementation to lactating mothers as well as managing other
acute and life threatening illnesses.
Child Health
All sick children are managed under IMNCI protocol. Other services under the child health package are
Immunization, Vitamin A supplementation and De-worming
Nutrition
Screening of all under 5 children (under children health package), pregnant women and lactating women
(under maternal health and other acute & life threatening illnesses package)and essential nutrition actions
(ENAs). Outpatient Therapeutic Program based on priority of public health and health related diseases,
including HIV/AIDS and ANC. The community leaders should be made the agents of behavioural change.
Referral
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All emergency cases beyond the team capacity should be transported to the nearest referral health centre
&/or Hospital, if there is no ambulance in the woreda. However, if there is ambulance in the woreda the
referral case should be transported from the site to the woreda capital and then transported by the
ambulance to nearest referral site.
Two HEWs are attached in the team with the health workers so that they have an opportunity to learn
while the team is delivering the service. Assignment of HEWs in a team should be for 3 months (a
minimum of 2 weeks on vaccination, 4 weeks on IMNCI, 2 weeks on safe motherhood, 2 weeks on
WASH, and 2 week on HE is required for one HEW to gain knowledge).
The MHNT will transport supplies to health facilities along the way to its operational site. Moreover, it
will collect reports from health facilities and pass it on to the woreda health office and RHB as
appropriate. In woredas without ambulance, the MHNT may transport sick patients to nearest referral
health facility.
In terms of woreda health office support, the team will assist in the mobilization and involvement of
additional HEWs in the Woreda.
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Staffing and Team Management
The staff of a mobile health team will be either attached to or coordinated under the woreda health office.
The team members would be permanent staff of the woreda or temporarily assigned staff specific for the
mobile health team. A mobile health team will consist of:
2 health workers (clinical and/or a midwife nurses) whose responsibilities will include:
o Medical consultation and nutritional screening
o Safe motherhood (including nutritional screening of PLW), HE and WASH
2 HEWs
1 site based social-mobilize for mobilizing the community and crowd control
1 driver will be responsible in filling the logbook.
A team will have a team leader who will be the most senior team member among the nurses. S/he will
coordinate the work of the team and manage operational matters (e.g. Supplies, Fuel, DSA, Stationery,
etc). S/he will develop the movement plan of the team, compile monthly activity report, monitor supply
utilization and request replenishments (quarterly). S/he will also liaise with local authorities, represent the
team in meetings and be responsible with all communications of the team.
The team members will be rotated/ changed every six months. Rotation of HEWs – 2 months basis.
Measure should be taken in case a MH & NT member is not performing the assigned tasks.
Measures to be taken will be:
1. Change to another woreda,
2. If the performance is still poor, the member should be replaced by another staff,
3. In case of unjustified 5 days absenteeism without permission from the woreda health office or
RHB, the staff should be warned twice and dismissed if no improvement is seen.
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MHNT Service Delivery Modality
Service Organization
Starting the day early is crucial for the smooth operation of mobile health teams including crowd control.
Provide enough space between each of the teams that are providing each component of the service and as
much as possible arrange the services to facilitate one direction of flow of clients with designated entry
and exits. The service delivery should be organized in three main areas: (1) community dialogue/ health
messages at the entrance of the service, (2) Child health package, and (3) maternal health package and
acute/life threatening adult illnesses package.
The health extension workers will be assigned overlapping with health workers so that their stay is used to
build their capacity as much as possible. At the start of the day, the health extension worker will provide
health education while the rest of the team are organizing the service provision order in such a manner that
the movement of people is in one direction and the child health and maternal health service group have the
needed supplies around their point. Each of the child health and maternal health service package will be
provided by one health worker and one HEW as a package. The drugs needed for each of the package will
be arranged by themselves in the morning and they will be responsible to dispense removing the need for
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a separate dispensary. This will allow the HEW to involve both on case management, counselling and
dispensing alongside with the HWs.
A mobile health and nutrition team will be withdrawn from a woreda following:
Operational limitations for the MH&NT activities in the woreda that extremely limit the services
of the team,
If the health condition of the woreda improves,
If the condition of a woreda worsens than a woreda having MH&NT, then the team will be
relocated to the worse off woreda,
NGO mobile teams should have comprehensive package and should be discussed in advance during
planning with the RHB.
CAUTION: No two MH&NTs should co-exist in the same woreda to avoid duplications except during
emergencies that necessitate.
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During site visit days, the team will need to depart 7.30am to the service delivery sites and be in
their overnight site latest at 5:00pm. The team leader is responsible to ensure timely departure and
arrival of the team.
Cancellations should be informed to the community mobilizer, wherever that is possible.
2. Emergency investigation and response
The team will inform public health emergency reports (including rumors) to woreda health
office and RHB immediately where possible.
For investigation and response the team will intervene based on guidance of the woreda
health office and directives given by the RHB. Existing sites would be revised to respond
to most emergency affected sites.
3. Monthly meetings will be scheduled on their end of month rest day to review performance, analyze
context, and finalize monthly activity report.
4. Only patients medically approved by the MH&NTs will be referred using the MH&NT vehicle, in
woredas where there is no ambulance. From site to woreda capital…
Logistics
Supplies
The basic supplies of MH&NTs will include:
Medical: Basic essential drugs (e.g. emergency drug kits, malaria supplies) and medical supplies and
equipments guidelines, charts, booklets, BP Apparatus, Thermometer. Etc
(See attached annexes.1, 2, 3& 4)
Nutrition: Vitamin A capsules, multi-micronutrient supplements, MUAC tapes, weighing scales, RUTF,
Amoxicillin, folic acid, registers, OTP record card, posters, TFP screening and charts,
WASH: Water treatment chemicals (i.e. PUR, water guard, Aquatab, etc), standard sanitation and hygiene
messages, and AWD messages,
Other supplies: HMIS registration and reporting forms, foldable chairs and tables, gowns, portable water
filters, 20 litres water containers, field materials/survival kit.
Supply Management
Supplies shall be stored in a safe store, agreed by the team leader and the woreda health office head. The
custodian of the store will be the nurse other than the team leader. Issuance of supplies will be authorized
by the team leader and issued by the custodian.
In case of withdrawal and relocations, and during quarterly review meetings, a committee will be formed
to safeguard stocks left behind. Expiry drugs should be managed by the woreda coordination committee
and reported to RHB. The team shall not take more than the supply and fuel required for each trip.
Transportation
A mobile team will have at least one strong 4WD vehicle, fulltime for the purpose. The vehicle will be
used for outreach services and referrals – in woredas where there is no ambulance. Log books will be used
to monitor vehicle movement and will be included into the quarterly reports. Except referred cases with
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only one relative, none other than team members and woreda health office supervisors shall be transported
by the MH&NT vehicle. Vehicle major maintenances will be done once every six months and will be
coordinated with semi-annual review meetings.
Supply replenishment to teams will be made once every 3 months, unless conditions necessitate otherwise.
Training Package for the MH&N team members
The team members will be health professionals (Nurses and HEWs), trainings on the main activities will
be given focusing on the following major areas:
1. Integrated community case management (ICCM) and integrated management of neonatal and
child illnesses (IMNCI);
2. Micronutrient supplementation, screening for malnutrition, management of severe acute
malnutrition using the out-patient therapeutic program approach;
3. Sanitation, hygiene promotion and emergency water treatment;
4. Health education on:
a. Prevention of acute diarrheal diseases, including AWD,
b. Malaria control and utilization of ITN,
c. Family planning, HTPs,
d. Essential nutrition action,
e. HIV and STI,
f. TB,
g. Antenatal care
h. Importance of immunization
5. Immunization and cold chain management,
6. Disease and nutrition surveillance, and use of HMIS reporting tools,
7. Orientation on the health extension package (HEP).
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Coordination, Monitoring and Reporting
Coordination
The overall coordination of the mobile teams operation will fall under the regional health and nutrition
task force and assist on more specific issues and will closely oversee the MH&NT operation. Members
will include RHB (chairperson), DPPB/ENCU, UNICEF (secretary), WHO, 2 rotating representatives of
NGOs implementing MH&NTs.
The coordination committee will also serve as information sharing platform. RHB will also produce semi-
annual bulletin of MH&NT performance and best practices.
At woreda level, a more operational coordination committee will be formed to coordinate and support the
activities of the mobile health team. Members will include Woreda administrator (chairperson), Woreda
health office head, major health facility director, WAO, NGO implementing health and nutrition activities/
MH&N team leader (secretary).
Reporting
Teams will use adopted reporting format and report to WoHO and RHB on monthly basis. The copy sent
to the RHB should be woreda health office stamped. Surveillance reports will be communicated to woreda
health office and PHEM/RHB on weekly basis.
Review meetings
Review meetings will be conducted on quarterly basis. Performance of the teams, findings of supportive
supervisions, recommendations of the regional coordination committee and reports from the woredas will
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be discussed and reviewed. Participants will include MH&NT members (team leader for all, and the other
nurse for every other quarter meeting), WoHO representatives, NGOs implementing MH&N teams,
representatives from UNICEF, WHO and other relevant UN agencies, and community representatives –
possibly once a year.
The review meeting will also serve as a venue to take strategic decisions, and review and update the
operational guideline and disseminate best practices.
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Annex 1
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Annex – 2
Mobile Health & Nutrition program
MT Supervision check list
S. Name of the site Est Pop. Pop. of Pop. Distance Working No of Availability of
N. at site pregnant children in km days/per missed movement
women under-5 main site in a days plan Y/N
town month (verify)
1
2. Site time management, service organization and environmental health of the site at the day of
the visit
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Dispensary system is well organized
c. Environmental health of operational site
Observe if water supply is available at the site or if the MHT are bringing it
Yes No Remark
Water permanently available?
Water source? (Borehole, well, rainwater,
brining water in a jerry can etc.)
Hand washing facility available?
Latrine available? If, in Health Post
Is the latrine clean?
Proper waste disposal available? And what
type (pit, incinerator, etc.), if in Health Post
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2. Feedback from mothers using the services
Ask a pregnant woman and a woman with a sick child under-5 what they think about the services
provided
Questions Pregnant woman Woman with sick child
(Under-5 years)
For how long (in time) did you walk to
reach the MHNT?
Did you get the services that you came for?
4. Action taken
S Problem identified Recommendations Action taken When? Responsible Person
N
1
2
3
4
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Annex 3
HISTROY____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
DIAGNOSIS__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
NAME OF IN CHARGE
PERSON________________________________________________________________
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Annex 4
MHNT Quarterly Review Meeting Presentation Template
Date/Month/Year
Operating Zone/Woreda back ground with Brief Highlight on the General Humanitarian Situation: (in
terms, Health & Nutrition (including Food Security) & WASH – Max 3 slides).
Population (Including population per sites, Site selection procedure and if any change to previous
sites)
Operational woreda Health Infrastructure- (Health Facilities status, number HFs re-opened by the
MHTs and other NGOs activities on H&N)
Operational Site Selection criteria & Team composition
Average number of working days in a month _________, If necessary Justify
Major achievements During the Quarter:
A. Health
Total Consultations and treatment made quarter per month
Proportion of under 5 year of age & Women; compare to the total consultations to last quarter
At least 5 -10 top diseases encountered compare to previous quarter & Justify
Health Education (No of sessions, Topics, number Audience by Sex disaggregation)
Expanded Program Immunization (EPI) Achievement and
Any Disease outbreak within the woreda by Age & Sex during this quarter, If any
B. Nutrition
Total of number of under five children screened and managed at OTP level (Normal, MAM &
SAM)
Management outcome (Total admissions and discharges including number of children discharged
cured, defaulter, death or transfer out to SC /SFP).
Total Number of Pregnant &Lactating Women screened and their outcome; any support given to
them
Total PL Women Received iron Supplementation in the maternal health package
C. WASH
Types of water purification chemicals distributed and total beneficiaries
Sanitation campaign organized, if any in the main towns esp. during outbreaks
D. Reproductive Health service achievements
Number of Pregnant Women attended for Antenatal Care (ANC) and Postnatal Care supported.
Number of clean and safe delivery kits distributed to women > second trimester or to local TBAs
and number of normal deliveries assisted by the teams using clean and safe delivery kit.
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E. Referrals
Type & total number of severely classified cases medical and Nutrition with med. Complication
cases (ex. 3 severe pneumonia, 1 SAM with medical complication etc.)
Outcome of the referred cases (If possible)
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ANNEX 5 Basic Essential Drugs and Supplies list for Standard MHNT
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Packed in Remarks
SN Items Description Qty Unit Part No
1. Coartem Pk/Bilster
2. Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) EA This are
3. Dextrose 40% of 20ml (ampule 20), pack Pk additional items,
4. Vitamin A 200,000IU or 100,000 IU of 500 /tin Tin that are not
5. CAF Inj (only 25 Vials as pre-referral Rx/IMNCI) Box 25 Vials included in the
6. Drug dispense envelop Pcs 1000 kit and requires
7. Clean and safe delivery Kit (CDK) Pcs 200 separate stock
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