Basic
Physical layer: represents the physical devices which interconnect
computers.
Data Link: Responsible for defining a common wat of interpreting these
signals so network devices can communicate.
Network layer: Allow different networks to communicate with each
other through devices such as routers, modems…
A collection of networks connected together through routers
called internetwork, which was the most famous of these
being internet.
IP (internet protocol) is the heart of the Internet and most
smaller networks around the world.
Transport layer: Sorts out which client and server programs are
supposed to get that data
Know more: OSI model
Cable: connect different devices to each other allowing data to be
transmitted over them.
Copper cable: Cat5, Cat5e, Cat6
Fiber cable:
Hubs and Switches:
Hubs: A physical layer device that allows for connections from many
computers at once (often through cables).
A collision domain is a network segment where only one device
can communicate at a time.
Or it can be understood like this:
If multiple systems try sending data at the same time, the electrical
pulses sent across the cable can interfere with each other. This causes
these systems to have to wait for a quiet period before they try sending
their data again.
Switches (switching hub): is very similar to the hub but the difference is
that while a hub is a layer one or physical layer device, a switch is a
layer two or data link device.
Router: A device that knows how to forward data between independent
networks.
Routers share data with each other via border gateway protocol.
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a protocol which lets them learn
about the most optimal paths to forward traffic.
Servers and Clients:
Servers is something provide data to some devices offer data.
