How can functions

help us understand
and solve complex
global issues like
economic growth,
population
dynamics, and
resource
consumption to
ensure a
sustainable future?
FUNCTIONS
• Evaluating Functions
• Composite Functions
• Inverse Functions
 OVERVIEW
#1: Evaluation of functions
#3: Composite Functions

#2: Inverse Functions

Functions

• If y is a function of x, the value of one

variable (y) depends on another (x) and
for each value of x there is only one
possible value of y.

• If there is more than one possible value of

y, then y is not a function of x.
Functions

• Functions are mathematical models that

link two variables.

• A function is a relationship between two

sets: a first set and a second set.

• Each element ‘x’ of the first set is related to

one and only one element ‘y’ of the
second set.
EXAMPLE
Joel and Lara are students at MISB Junior High.
Kiara is a student from MISJ Junior High.
• The set of students A = {Joel, Lara, Kiara}
• The set of schools B = {MISB, MISJ}

Determine whether these relationships are

functions.
• The relationship between the first set A and the
second set B: ‘x is a student at school y’.
• The relationship between the first set B and the
second set A: ‘x is the school where y is a
student’.
EXAMPLE
The relationship between the first set A and
the second set B: ‘x is a student at school y’.

A B

Joel
MISB
Lara
MISJ
Kiara
EXAMPLE
The relationship between the first set B and
the second set A:
’x is the school where y is a student’.
B A

Joel
MISB
Lara
MISJ
Kiara
X Y

1
4
2 5
3 6
X Y

1
4
2 5
3 6
X Y

1
4
2 5
3 6
What are Functions?
A function is something which provides a rule on how to map inputs to outputs.
From primary school you might have seen this as a ‘number machine’.

Input Output

Input Output

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Check Your Understanding

Q1 What does this function do?

It squares the input?then adds 2 to it.

Q2
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Q3
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Q4

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Function Notation

•
Function Notation

•
Evaluating Functions

•
Algebraic Inputs

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Test Your Understanding

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Evaluating Functions

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Evaluating Functions

•
Evaluating Functions

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 Exercise 2
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2 5
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 Exercise 3
9
7

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Composite Functions

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Composite Functions

Have a guess! (Click your answer)

49? 13?
Examples

Bro Tip: I highly encourage you to write this first. It will

help you when you come to the algebraic ones.

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More Algebraic Examples

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Composite Functions
Composite Functions
Composite Functions
EXERCISE 4B
1

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2

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 Exercise 4C (exercises on provided sheet)

1 6
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4

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Inverse Functions
A function takes and input and produces an output.
The inverse of a function does the opposite: it describes how we get from the
output back to the input.

Input Output

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Quickfire Questions
In your head, find the inverse functions, by thinking what the original
functions does, and what the reverse process would therefore be.

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Full Method

This is purely for convenience.

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Harder One

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Test Your Understanding

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Exercise 2 (exercises on provided sheet)

1 3

a ? a ?
b ? b ?
c ?
d ? c ?
e ?
f
d ?
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2 e ?

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Example 1-Past Paper Questions on Functions
f(x) = 2x - 3 g(x) = 9 - x2 h(x) = 3x

a)Find
(i) f(4),

f(4) = 2(4) - 3 = 8 -3 =5
f(4) = 5

(ii) hg(3),

g(3) = 9 - 32 = 0

h(0) = 30 = 1
hg(3) = 1
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Example 1-Past Paper Questions on Functions
f(x) = 2x - 3 g(x) = 9 - x2 h(x) = 3x

a)Find
(iii) g(2x) in its simplest form,

g(2x) = 9 - (2x)2 = 9 - 4x2

g(2x) = 9 - 4x2

(iv) fg(x) in its simplest form.

g(x) = 9 - x2

f(9 - x2) = 2(9 - x2) - 3 = 18 - 2x2 - 3

fg(x) = 15 - 2x2
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Example 1-Past Paper Questions on Functions
f(x) = 2x - 3 g(x) = 9 - x2 h(x) = 3x

b)Find f -1(x)
Step 1: y = 2x - 3 f -1(x) =
Step 2: (y + 3)/2 = x
Step 3: (x + 3)/2 = y

c) Find x when 5f(x) = 3.

5f(x) = 5(2x - 3) = 10x - 15 10x = 15 + 3

10x - 15 = 3 10x = 18
x=
10x - 3 = 15
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Example 1-Past Paper Questions on Functions
f(x) = 2x - 3 g(x) = 9 - x2 h(x) = 3x

d)Solve the equation gf(x) = - 16

gf(x) = g(2x - 3) = 9 - (2x - 3)2 = 9 - (4x2 - 12x + 9)
gf(x) = 9 - 4x2 + 12x - 9
gf(x) = 12x - 4x2
Since gf(x) = - 16
12x - 4x2 = - 16
4x2 - 12x - 16 = 0
4(x2 -3x - 4) = 0
4(x - 4)(x + 1) = 0

(x - 4) = 0 means x = 4 (x + 1) = 0 means x = -1
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Example 1-Past Paper Questions on Functions
f(x) = 2x - 3 g(x) = 9 - x2 h(x) = 3x

e)Find x when h-1(x) = -2.

Step 1: y = 3x
Step 2: x = 3y
Step 3: If we proceed, we need to use logarithmic methods.
log x = log 3y => not the scope of this course to solve this…
But since h-1(x) = -2, the output of h-1(x) is the input of h(x).
h(-2) = 3-2
h(-2) = 1/9 => input of h-1(x)
x = 1/9 when h-1(x) = -2.

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Example 2-Past Paper Questions on Functions
f(x) = 8 - 3x g(x) = h(x) = 2 x

a)(i)Find

f(8/3) = 8 - 3(8/3) = 0

(ii)gh(-2),

h(-2) = 2-2 = ¼
g(¼) = 10
(¼) + 1

g(¼) = 10/1.25 = 8

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Example 2-Past Paper Questions on Functions
f(x) = 8 - 3x g(x) = h(x) = 2 x

a)(iii)Find

y = 10 y = 10 - x
x+1 x
x = 10 g-1(x) = 10 - x
y+1 x

xy + x = 20

xy = 10 - x

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 Example 2-Past Paper Questions on Functions
f(x) = 8 - 3x g(x) = h(x) = 2 x

a)(iv)Find f-1f(5).

f(5) = 8-3(5) = -7 f-1(-7) = 8 - (-7)

3
y = 8 - 3x
f-1(-7) = 15 =5
x = 8 - 3y
3
3y = 8 - x

f-1(x) = 8 - x
3

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 Example 2-Past Paper Questions on Functions
f(x) = 8 - 3x g(x) = h(x) = 2 x

b)Write f(x) + g(x) as a single fraction in its simplest form.

f(x) + g(x) = 8 - 3x + 10 f(x) + g(x) = 8x + 8 - 3x2 - 3x + 10

x+1 x+1

f(x) + g(x) = 8(x+1) - 3x(x+1) f(x) + g(x) = 18 + 5x - 3x2

x+1 x+1

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Example 3-Past Paper Questions on Functions

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EXAMINATION PRACTICE - PAGE 555 (MORISSON -
HAMSHAW)
EXAMINATION PRACTICE - PAGE 555 (MORISSON -
HAMSHAW)
EXAMINATION PRACTICE - PAGE 555 (MORISSON -
HAMSHAW)
EXAMINATION PRACTICE - PAGE 555 (MORISSON -
HAMSHAW)
EXAMINATION PRACTICE - PAGE 555 (MORISSON -
HAMSHAW)
EXAMINATION PRACTICE - PAGE 555 (MORISSON -
HAMSHAW)