LISTENING (50 pts)

I. Questions 1-10. (20pts) (IELTS silmulation test 3 – page 82)

Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
1. Food 2. forestry 3.(the) 4. genetic
destruction material

5. policy 6. global 7. (online)

development/environmental network infrastructure
policies
Tapescript
Welcome to this lecture on Agriculture and the Environment. I hope it is enough to make some of you
decide on a career in the field of agricultural science. As you all know, food is a basic human need and
producing enough of it is the single greatest challenge facing the modem world.
Developing nations have rapidly expanding populations so agriculture should be central to any
development agenda for those countries. What’s more, 75% of people in the developing world are
dependent, directly or indirectly, on agriculture for their livelihood. And, for many low-income
countries, it’s the most important sector of the economy accounting for 50% of GDP and sometimes it’s
the primary', if not only, source of foreign currency.
Now, of course, when 1 talk about ‘agriculture’, I am using the term to encompass more than just
growing food crops. Of course, livestock farming, fishing and forestry are included.
In order to combat wide-scale food shortages agricultural research programmes are underway in many
areas. Using science is one way to increase productivity; but, a word of warning: agriculture must also
be sustainable. Let’s look at approaches that are not sustainable. Firstly, overgrazing and intensive
cropping are two ancient but destructive practices that lead to loss of soil fertility. Secondly, the modem
idea of liberal application of chemical pesticides and herbicides has had disastrous consequences for the
health of the land, ranging from the pollution of water sources to the destruction of wildlife.
These practices have ignored the mechanisms that sustain ecological communities. Ignorance has led to
the destruction of the very biodiversity that is essential for sustainable food production. However,
introducing new agricultural techniques, especially things like genetic engineering, can be difficult
because many people remain suspicious of the fact that plants have had their genetic material modified
by scientists.
Biotechnology has also led to the dubious practice of bio-prospecting, or as some prefer to call it, bio-
piracy. Foreign multinational companies have been accused of illegally obtaining samples of indigenous
plants of other countries in order to get their hands on genetic material to improve the quality or yield
of their own crops.
We must put aside the controversy surrounding the field of agricultural biotechnology in order to
concentrate on the biggest threat to food production on this planet...which is...? Yes, climate change.
The effects of global warming so far have been to shrink the food supply thereby pushing up prices and
making, even the most basic necessities, unaffordable.
As I see it, the international community must address this, and other challenges to agricultural
production, with urgency. Concrete scientific and technological achievements need to be presented for
farmers to evaluate and learn to use but, apart from that, governments need to address the complex
issues of policy development if the world’s hungry are to be fed.
Environmental policies need to be put in place to protect ecosystems and correct soil degradation
where possible. Countries cannot continue to exploit natural resources whilst ignoring the consequences.
In fact. I’d like to see teams of agriculture and environment experts making up a global network which
would monitor the world's farming systems. Different farming systems should be studied not only with a
view to analyzing the environmental effects, but the social and economic effects as well. The studies
would be carried out with a view to stemming pollution and erosion and promoting safe, cost-effective
practices that will guarantee a secure food supply in the future.
Monitoring sites would need to be set up all across the world and data collected in a systematic way. Of
course, building the online infrastructure for such a project would cost millions of dollars and there
would be ongoing costs involved with the monitoring system but the information gathered would go a
long way towards solving the problem of feeding the masses and ensuring millions of people don’t face
a hungry future.

Part 2: Listen to an interview about the effect of family on personality and complete the sentences.
(16pts)
1 position 2 middle 3 read 4 worry
5 favourite 6 question 7 marriage partner 8 Outside

Part 3: (10 points )

1. FALSE 2. FALSE
3. FALSE 4. TRUE 5. NOT GIVEN

Part 4 : (10 points)

1A, 2B, 3B, 4C, 5A

LEXICO-GRAMMAR (30 points)

Part 1 Choose the best answer. (20 points)

1B, 2C, 3A, 4B, 5B, 6C, 7C, 8D, 9D, 10A,
11B, 12A, 13A, 14D, 15C, 16A, 17D, 18D, 19C, 20C

Part 2: Supply the correct forms of the words given in the brackets to complete the following sentences. (10
pts)

1 ______ is a growing problem in rich countries as well as poor. HOME Homelessness

2 Jerry is a ______ liar; you can’t believe a word he says. COMPEL Compulsive

3 It has been ______ proven that cloning is possible. SCIENCE Scientìically

4 I was ______ a the supermarket by ten pounds, but I didn’t notice until I got home Overcharged
and looked at the receipt. CHARGE
5 If you want to make a complaint, you’ll have to follow the complaints ______. Procedure
PROCEED
6 If you are ______ with this product in any way, please return it to the Dissatisfied
manufaccurers within 40 days.
7 Customers are entitled to a full ______ if the clothing has not been worn. FUND Refund

8 Workers have voted for a two-hour ______ in protest over wage cuts. STOP stoppage

9 The road is said to be ______ due to flooding. PASS impassable

10 They all cheered_______ as their team came out. (ENTHUSIASM) enthusiastically

READING (60points)
Part 1: Choose the best word in each line to complete the passage
1. B. scenery 2. A. roots 3. D. up 4. D. minds 5. A. consists
6. C. entity 7. A. which 8. D. Geographically 9. C. take up 10. B. vast

Part 2: . Fill in each blank with one suitable word.

1. remember 2. need 3. especially 4. robs 5. means

6. cases 7. into 8. more 9. as/when 10. while

Part 3: Read the passage and circle the letter A, B, C, D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
1. B 2. B 3. B 4.A 5. D
6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C

Part 4:
1. x 2. v 3.xii 4.vi 5.ii
6.(reflective) 7. infrared light 8.medium sized 9.diffraction 10.blurred
mirror

Part 5:
1.E 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.B

WRITING ( 20 points)