Chapter 2 – Data Type &
Basics
Strings:
• String is shown with single or double quotation marks.
• Eg: “Shivra” or ‘Shivrar’.
• String as array:
• a=“Shivrar”
• Print(a[1])
• Print(a[3])
Looping Through a String:
• For x in “banana”:
print(x)
String Length:
s=“Hello,Class”
Print(len(a))
• Check String:
• msg = “Very good morning students "
print(“good" in msg)
• msg = “Very good morning students"
if “good" in msg:
print("Yes, ‘good' is present.")
• Check if not String:
• msg = " Very good morning students
print(“animations” in msg)
• msg = “Very good morning students"
if “animations" in msg:
print("Yes, ‘animations' is present.")
• Concatenation,Repitation,Slicing:
Concatenation:
“python” + “Tutorial” = pythontutorial
Repitation:
Python*2
Slicing(range):
b = "Hello, World!“
print(b[2:5])
b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[:5])
b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:])
b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[-5:-2])
b = "Tutorial"
print(b[-5:-2])
Modification:
Replace:
a = "Hello, Students”
print(a.replace(“e", "J"))
Split:
a = "Hello, World!"
b = a.split(",")
print(b)
Formatting:
Use the format() method to insert numbers into strings:
age = 36
txt = "My name is John, and I am {}"
print(txt.format(age))
The format() method takes unlimited number of arguments, and are placed
into the respective placeholders:
quantity = 3
itemno = 567
price = 49.95
myorder = "I want {} pieces of item {} for {} dollars."
print(myorder.format(quantity, itemno, price))
Type Specific Method:
find():
str=‘edurekha’
str.find(‘rekha’)
Replace():
str=‘Pythons’
str.replace(‘ns’,‘n’)
max():
str=‘missisippi’
max(str)
min():
str=‘missisippi’
min(str)
Lists:
• Lists are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
• List items are ordered, changeable, and allow duplicate values.
• List items are indexed, the first item has index [0], the second item has
index [1] etc.
• It can allow duplicates.
• thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple", "cherry"]
print(thislist)
• thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(len(thislist))
The List() constructor:
• thislist = list(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) # note the double round-
brackets
print(thislist)
Access Items:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(thislist[1])
Range of index:
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(list[1:])
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry, “mango"]
print(list[:4])
Change Item Value
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list[1] = "blackcurrant"
print(list)
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi", "mango"]
list[1:3] = ["blackcurrant", "watermelon"]
print(list)
Insert Items:
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list.insert(2, "watermelon")
print(list)
Append Items:
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list.append("orange")
print(list)
Insert Items:
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list.insert(1, "orange")
print(list)
Extend List:
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
tropical = ["mango", "pineapple", "papaya"]
list.extend(tropical)
print(list)
Remove List:
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list.remove("banana")
print(list)
Remove Specified index:
list = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
list.pop(1)
print(list)
Sort List Ascending:
list = ["orange", "mango", "kiwi", "pineapple", "banana"]
list.sort()
print(list)
Sort in Descending:
list = ["orange", "mango", "kiwi", "pineapple", "banana"]
list.sort(reverse = True)
print(list)
Copy List:
thislist = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
mylist = thislist.copy()
print(mylist)
Join List:
list1 = ["a", "b", "c"]
list2 = [1, 2, 3]
list3 = list1 + list2
print(list3)
list1 = ["a", "b" , "c"]
list2 = [1, 2, 3]
for x in list2:
list1.append(x)
print(list1)
Tupples:
• A tupples is a sequence of immutable python objects like: floating number
, String, literals etc.
• The tupples can’t be changed unlike lists.
• Tuples are defined using curve brackets.
• Mytuples=(‘edurekha’, 2.4, 5, ‘python’)
Concatenation:
tup(‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’)
tup+(‘d’, ‘e’)
Repetetion:
tup(‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’)
tup*2
Accessing:
thistuple = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(thistuple[1])
Concatenation(Joining):
tuple1 = ("a", "b" , "c")
tuple2 = (1, 2, 3)
tuple3 = tuple1 + tuple2
print(tuple3)
Slicing:
tup=(‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’)
tup[1:2]
Indexing:
tup=(‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’)
tup[0]
Length:
tup=(‘please’, ‘keep’, ‘quit’)
print(len(tup))
tuple1 = ("abc", 34, True, 40, "male")
Sets:
• Sets are used to store multiple items in a single variable.
• A set is a collection which is both unordered and unindexed.
• Sets are written with curly brackets.
• Every element is unique (no duplicate).
• Set items are unordered, unchangeable, and do not allow duplicate values.
• thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple"}
print(thisset)
Set Constructor()
• thisset = set(("apple", "banana", "cherry")) # note the double round-
brackets
print(thisset)
Access Items:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
for x in thisset:
print(x)
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print("banana" in thisset)
Add Items:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.add("orange")
print(thisset)
Add Sets:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
tropical = {"pineapple", "mango", "papaya"}
thisset.update(tropical)
print(thisset)
Update:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
mylist = ["kiwi", "orange"]
thisset.update(mylist)
print(thisset)
Remove Items:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.remove("banana")
print(thisset)
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.discard("banana")
print(thisset)
Empty the set:
thisset = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
thisset.clear()
print(thisset)
Join Sets:
set1 = {"a", "b" , "c"}
set2 = {1, 2, 3}
set3 = set1.union(set2)
print(set3)
Insert the elements of set2 into set1:
set1 = {"a", "b" , "c"}
set2 = {1, 2, 3}
set1.update(set2)
print(set1)
Keep Only the duplicates:
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
x.intersection_update(y)
print(x)
The symmetric_difference() method will return a new set, that
contains only the elements that are NOT present in both sets
x = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
y = {"google", "microsoft", "apple"}
z = x.symmetric_difference(y)
print(z)
Dictionaries:
• Dictionaries are used to store data values in key:value pairs.
• A dictionary is a collection which is ordered*, changeable and does not
allow duplicates.
• Dictionary items are ordered, changeable, and does not allow duplicates.
• Dictionary items are presented in key:value pairs, and can be referred to by
using the key name.
• Dictionary Length:
• print(len(thisdict))
Accessing Items:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = thisdict["model"]
Get the value of key:
x = thisdict.get("model")
List of the keys:
x = thisdict.keys()
Add A new Item:
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.keys()
print(x) #before the change
car["color"] = "white"
print(x) #after the change
x = thisdict.values()
Updatation in original Dictionary:
car = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
x = car.values()
print(x) #before the change
car["year"] = 2020
print(x) #after the change
Updation in values of Dictionary:
car["year"] = 2020
print(x) #after the change
Check If Key Exists:
if "model" in thisdict:
print("Yes, 'model' is one of the keys in the thisdict dictionary")
Add New Items:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict["color"] = "red"
print(thisdict)
Remove the Items:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
thisdict.pop("model")
print(thisdict)
The del keyword removes the item with the specified key name:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
del thisdict["model"]
print(thisdict)
Copy the dictionary:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
}
mydict = thisdict.copy()
print(mydict)
Differences:
• List is a collection which is ordered and changeable. Allows duplicate
members.
• Tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable. Allows duplicate
members.
• Set is a collection which is unordered and unindexed. No duplicate
members.
• Dictionary is a collection which is ordered* and changeable. No duplicate
members.
