Cheat sheet for Selenium
Setting up System Properties for browsers
Chrome System.setProperty(“webdriver.chrome.driver”,
“/path/to/chromedriver”);
Firefox System.setProperty(“webdriver.gecko.driver”,”/path/to/geckodriver”);
IE System.setProperty(“webdriver.ie.driver", "Path/to/IEdriver ");
Safari:
• Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type your
password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver
safaridriver --enable
• Enable the Developer menu from Safari preferences
• Check the Allow Remote Automation option from with the Develop menu
• Run the following command from the terminal for the first time and type
your password at the prompt to authorise WebDriver
/usr/bin/safaridriver -p 1337<
Initializing the driver
Chrome WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
Firefox WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
IE WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
Safari WebDriver driver = new SafariDriver();
WebDriverManager:
Chrome WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
Firefox WebDriverManager.firefoxdriver().setup();
IE WebDriverManager.iedriver().setup();
Browser Navigation
Navigate to driver.get("https://selenium.dev");
driver.navigate().to("https://selenium.dev");
Get current URL driver.getCurrentUrl();
Back driver.navigate().back();
Forward driver.navigate().forward();
Refresh driver.navigate().refresh();
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Handle Windows and tabs
Get window handle of the driver.getWindowHandle();
current window
Get handles of all the driver.getWindlowHandles();
windows opened
Open a new tab and switches driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB);
to the new tab
Open a new window and driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.
switches to new window WINDOW);
Switch back to old tab or driver.switchTo().window(originalWindow);
window
Closed the current browser driver.close();
window
Close all the windows and driver.quit();
tabs associated with the
Webdriver session
Element Validation
isEnabled driver.findElement(By.name("btnK")).isEnabled();
isSelected driver.findElement(By.name("yes")). isSelected();
isDisplayed driver.findElement(By.name("btnK")).isDisplayed();
Handling Frames
Switch to specific frame with driver.switchTo().frame(webElement iframe);
the help of Webelement.
Switch to specific frame with driver.switchTo().frame(string frameName);
the help of frame name
Switch to specific frame with driver.switchTo().frame(string ID);
the help of frame ID
Switch to specific frame with driver.switchTo().frame(int frameNumber);
the help of index
Switch back to the main driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
window
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Window Management
To get the size of the browser driver.manage().window().getSize.getWidth();
window driver.manage().window().getSize.getHeight();
To restore the window and driver.manage().window().setSize(new
sets the window size Dimension(1024, 768));
To get the coordinates of the driver.manage().window().getPosition().getX();
browser window driver.manage().window().getPosition().getY();
To set the window position driver.manage().window().setPosition(new
x=100 and y=200 Point(100, 300));
To maximize the browser driver.manage().window().maximize();
window
To minimize the browser driver.manage().window().minimize();
window
To enlarge the browser and driver.manage().window().fullscreen();
fills the entire screen, similar
to pressing F11 in most
browsers.
Handling Alerts
To capture the alert message. driver.switchTo().alert.getText();
Click 'OK' button on the alert. driver.switchTo().alert.accept();
Click 'Cancel' button on the alert. driver.switchTo().alert.dismiss();
To send some data to alert box. alert.sendKeys("Selenium");
Get Commands
To get the title of currently driver.getTitle();
opened web page
To get the URL of the driver.getCurrentUrl();
currently opened web page
To get the Page source of driver.getPageSource();
currently opened web page
To get the text of a driver.findElement(By.name("q")).getText();
webElement
To get the value of the driver.findElement(By.name("q")).getAttribute("type");
web element’s attribute
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Locators
By ID Locates the element whose ID attribute matches the search value
driver.findElement(By.id(“email”);
By name Locates elements whose NAME attribute matches the search value
driver.findElement(By.name(“email”);
By Cssselector Locates elements matching a CSS selector
driver.FindElement(By.cssSelector("#email"));
By LinkText Locates anchor elements whose visible text matches the search value
driver.FindElement(By.linkText("Forgotten password? "));
By Locates anchor elements whose visible text contains the search value
PartialLinkText driver.FindElement(By.partialLinkText("password?"));
By Tagname Locates elements whose tag name matches the search value
driver.FindElement(By.tagName("a"));
By class name Locates elements whose class name contains the search value
driver.FindElement(By.className("email"));
By Xpath Locates elements matching an XPath expression
driver.FindElement(By.XPath(“//input[@id='email'] ");
above() Locates the element, which appears above to the specified element
driver.findElement(with(By.tagName("input")) .above(passwordField));
below() Locates the element which appears below to the specified element
driver.findElement(with(By.tagName("input")) .below(emailAddressField));
toLeftOf() Locates the element which appears to left of the specified element
driver.findElement(with(By.tagName("button")) .toLeftOf(submitButton));
toRightOf() Locates the element which appears to left of the specified element
driver.findElement(with(By.tagName("button")).toRightOf(submitButton));
near() Locates the element which is at most 50px away from the specified
element.
driver.findElement(with(By.tagName("input")).near(emailAddressLabel));
Keyboard events
SendKeys() driver.findElement(By.name("q")).sendKeys("q");
clear() driver.findElement(By.name("q")).clear();
keyUp() Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.keyDown(Keys.CONTROL);
keyDown() Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.keyUp(Keys.CONTROL);
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Mouse Events
clickAndHold Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.clickAndHold(webElement).build().perform();
contextClick Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.contextClick(webElement).build().perform();
doubleClick Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.doubleClick(webElement).build().perform();
moveToElement Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.moveToElement(webElement).build().perform();
moveByOffset Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.moveByOffset(xOffset,yOffset).build().perform();
dragAndDrop Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.dragAndDrop(sourceEle,targetEle).build().perform();
dragAndDropBy Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.dragAndDropBy(sourceEle, targetEleXOffset,
targetEleYOffset).build().perform();
release Actions action = new Actions(driver);
action.release().build().perform();
Dropdowns
Select an option from the dropdown based selectByIndex(1);
on index
Select an option from the dropdown based selectByValue("value1");
on its value attribute
Select an option from the dropdown based selectByVisibleText("White");
on the visible text
To clear the selected entries of deselectAll();
the dropdown
Deselect an option from deselectByIndex(5);
the dropdown based on index
Deselect an option from
the dropdown based on its value attribute deselectByValue(“value1”);
Deselect an option from
the dropdown based on the visible text deselectByVisibleText(“White”);
To get all the options in a dropdown or getOptions();
multi-select box
To get the first selected option of
the dropdown. getFirstSelectedOption();
To get all the selected options of
the dropdown getAllSelectedOptions();
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WebElements
FindElement It returns first matching single WebElement reference
When no match has found(0 elements) throws
NoSuchElementException
Syntax:
WebElement findElement(By by)
FindElements It returns a list of all matching WebElements
When no match has found(0 elements) throws emptyLis-
tofWebElementObject
Syntax:
List<WebElement> findElements(By by)
Find Element From It is used to find a child element within the context of
Element parent element
Syntax:
WebElement searchForm
=driver.findElement(By.tagName("form")); WebElement
searchBox = searchForm.findElement(By.name("q"));
Find Elements From It is used to find the list of matching child WebElements
Element within the context of parent element
Syntax:
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName("div"));
List<WebElement> elements =
element.findElements(By.tagName("p"));
Cookies
Add Cookie driver.manage().addCookie(new Cookie("key", "value"));
Get Named Cookie driver.manage().getCookieNamed("foo");
Get All Cookies driver.manage().getCookies();
Delete Cookie driver.manage().deleteCookie(cookie1);
Delete All Cookies driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
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Waits
Implicit wait – An implicit wait is to tell the WebDriver to poll the DOM for a certain
amount of time when trying to find an element or elements if they are not
immediately available
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
Fluent Wait – It defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a certain
condition as well as the frequency to check for the condition to appear
Wait<WebDriver> wait = new FluentWait<WebDriver>(driver)
.withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30))
.pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
.ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);
WebElement foo = wait.until(new Function<WebDriver, WebElement>() {
public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver) {
return driver.findElement(By.id("foo"));
}
});
Explicit Wait – It is used to wait until a certain condition occurs before proceeding
further in the code.
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver,30);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.name("login")));
Screenshots
TakeScreenshot:
It is used to capture screenshot for current browsing context
File scrFile = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("./image.png"));
TakeElementScreenshot:
It is Used to capture screenshot of an element for current browsing context.
File scrFile = element.getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile, new File("./image.png"));
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