Bridge Rules Lesson
Bridge Rules Lesson
Lesson
Useful
Bridge
Rules
for
Decision
Making
In
this
lesson,
we
will
review
many
of
them
with
examples
to
help
you
make
beIer
decisions
when
playing
the
game.
However,
the
New
ACBL
ConvenPon
Charts
that
go
into
effect
November
22,
2018
use
many
of
them
to
evaluate
“Hand
Strength”.
I
plan
on
reviewing
several
rules/laws
with
examples
to
improve
your
judgment.
One
could
have
a
lesson
on
each
rule.
I hope that this introducKon will help with your further study of the game.
You
may
take
notes,
but
the
slides
will
be
posted
on
the
EducaPon
Tab
on
our
Web
site.
Listen
and
ask
quesPons.
Rules
Reviewed
• Losing
Trick
Count
(LTC)
–
Defined
• Rule
of
24
(Hand
EvaluaKon/Hand
Strength)
• Rule
of
8
and
2
verses
Strong
15-‐17
Notrump
• Rule
of
13
and
2
verses
Strong
20-‐21/22
Notrump
• Rule
for
Weak
10-‐12
or
12-‐14
Notrump
• Rule
of
9/N
(Take-‐out
X/Hand
Strength)
• Rule
of
10
(Penalty
X)
• Rule
of
2/3
(Level
of
Weak
Preempt
Bids)
• Rule
of
17
(Weak
Preempts/Hand
Strength)
• Law
of
Total
Tricks
• Short
Suit
Total
(SST)
Rule
• Rule
of
44
(Open
2♣)
• Rule
of
64
(Shape
rebids)
• Rule
of
210
(Bid
to
the
5-‐level?)
• Rule
of
88
(with
Stayman)
• Rule
of
11/10/12
–
Leads
• 8
ever
9
Never
(Finesse
Q?)
• 10
ever
11
Never
(Finesse
K?)
• Rule
of
22
(Bidding)
• Rule
of
20/19
(Bids/Hand
Strength)
• Rule
of
15
(4th
Seat
Openings)
• Rule
of
7
(Hold
Up
&
Points)
• Barry
Crane’s
Commandments
Losing
Trick
Count
(LTC)
• Assume
you
are
playing
in
a
suit
contract
where
you
have
an
agreed
upon
trump
suit
(usually
an
8-‐card
fit).
How
do
you
count
your
losers?
• (1) You count losers only for the first three cards in a suit. Why?
• Because
you
assume
that
excess
cards
are
winners
with
“normal”
breaks
in
the
trump
suit
and
that
excess
cards
in
other
suits
can
be
ruffed.
• (2) In a 3-‐card suit A-‐K-‐Q are winners and anything lower is a loser.
• (3)
For
a
doubleton,
A/K
are
winners;
and,
anything
lower
is
a
loser.
ExcepPon
A-‐Q=1/2
loser
or
1
½
winners.
• (4)
For
a
singleton
,
count
the
Ace
as
a
winner
and
anything
lower
as
a
loser.
CounKng
Losers
• xxx,
Jxx
=
3
losers
• AQ = 0.5 losers
• You
do
not
count
more
than
3
losers
per
suit.
For
example,
xxxxx
is
only
3
losers,
not
5!
Examples
of
LTC
Hands
Hand
Losers
Hand
Losers
Hand
Losers
♠
KJ52
=
2
♠QJ63
=2
♠A98632
=2
♥
AJ864
=
2
♥AKQ2
=0
♥AQ986
=1
♦
82
=
2
♦97
=2
♦K2
=1
♣
K8
=
1
♣A32
=2
♣
void
=0
12
points
7
16
points
6
13points
4
• STEP
1:
Count
your
losers
and
assume
seven
losers
in
your
partner’s
hand.
Rule:
24-‐7-‐
(your
losers)
=
Number
of
Tricks.
• Reduce
the
number
of
tricks
by
six
to
determine
the
level
of
the
bid.
(e.g.
24-‐7-‐7
(your
losers)=10
tricks).
Recall:
Only
the
first
three
cards
in
each
suit
are
considered
when
counKng
losers
in
each
suit.
With
three
cards,
only
the
A,
K,
and
Q
are
not
losers.
With
less
than
two
cards,
then
AQ=½,
Kx=½,
KQ=1,
K=1,
Q=1,
Qx=2
represent
losers.
The
Rule
of
24
works
best
if
suits
break
“normally”
and
half
your
finesses
work!
Regardless
of
which
hand
evaluaKon
method
you
use
(HCP,
LTC,
Marty
Bergen’s
Adjust
3
Method,
or
Zar
Points,
etc.)
partners
must
exchange
informaKon
about
specific
suit
strengths
and
suit
lengths.
You
must
also
have
a
game
try
agreement
in
place
to
avoid
overlapping
values
in
suits
(e.g.
HSGT,
SSGT,LSGT,
2NTGT,
Point
count
GT,
etc.)
East
has
spade
support
and
West
opened
the
bidding.
West
counts
his
losers
7
and
esKmates
8
for
partner
(simple
raise)
24-‐7-‐8=
9
tricks.
Auer
a
SSGT
bid,
he
reduces
his
LTC
number
by
ONE,
so
6+8=14
or
24-‐14=10
tricks
and
bids
game.
LTC
is
a
hand
evaluaKon
aid
for
suit
contracts.
Note
that
HSGT
does
not
work
here!
ACBL
Rule
of
24
• The
New
ACBL
convenKon
charts
which
goes
into
effect
November
22,
2018
says
that
a
“Strong”
hand
is
one
with
at
least
14
HCP
or
meets
the
Rule
of
24.
Do
not
bid
with
flat
hands:
4-‐4-‐3-‐2,
5-‐3-‐3-‐2,
and
4-‐3-‐3-‐3
shapes
are
defensive
shapes.
Don’t
overcall
on
those
shape
regardless
of
strength.
Example
The
opponents
open
1NT
(15-‐17)
and
you
hold
♠
107
♥
KQJ1083
♦
1093
♣
86
♠
AK
♥
K
Q
J
10
8
3
♦
10
9
3
♣
8
6
Playing
DON’T
you
would
X*
(5/6+
unknown
suit),
playing
Cappelley
you
would
bid
2♣*
(unknown
long
6+
card
suit),
playing
Meckwell
you
would
bid
2♥,
and
playing
Modified
Blooman/Weber
you
would
bid
2♦*
as
a
transfer
bid.
Where
*=alert.
A clear advantage of the transfer bids are that they put the strong hand on lead.
In
the
balancing
seat
you
have
2
shortness
points,
so
you
must
also
interfere
using
your
agreed
upon
convenKon.
I
will
review
these
convenKons
and
others
in
my
future
Lesson
“Interfering
Over
Weak
and
Strong
Notrumps”.
When
do
you
bid
over
2NT?
On
the
ConvenKon
Card
it
says:
DEFENSE
VS
NOTRUMP
• So,
the
same
“disturbing
over
notrump
convenKons”
that
you
play
over
1NT
apply
to
2NT
bids!
• But
2NT=20-‐21
not
15-‐17
so
add
5HCP.
•
Now
you
need
at
least
11
HCP
or
Rule
of
13!
• Adding
your
two
longest
–
LTC=
2
to
compete/
interfere
over
2NT
opening
bids!
Weak
Notrumps
The
weak
notrump
range
is
12-‐14
and
the
“Kamikaze”
mini
range
is
10-‐12.
These
ranges
are
most
commonly
employed
by
strong
club
pairs
(e.g.
the
Precision
Club).
Note:
12-‐15
opening
notrump
bids
are
considered
STRONG
not
weak.
When
the
announced
range
includes
the
number
15,
the
ACBL
considers
it
a
strong
NT.
Adjust
your
CC
if
necessary.
The
opponents
are
ouen
misguided
because
they
think
weakness
by
the
opponent's
make
their
hands
“strong”.
Over
strong
notrump
you
want
to
be
destrucKve
and
interfere,
but
over
weak
NT
you
want
to
be
construcKve
and
interfere.
You
are:
1)
More
likely
to
locate
a
fit
and
make
a
part
score.
2)
Double
the
opponents
for
Penalty.
3)
Bid
game
when
find
a
fit.
Problems
You
Must
Consider
Playing
and
bidding
against
a
Weak/Mini
No
Trump
is
Much
Harder
than
against
a
Strong
Notrump.
In
general
there
is
a
lack
of
experience
playing/bidding
against
weak
notrump
bids
and
understanding
how
it
works.
You
can’t
give
up
the
penalty
double
because
it
will
come
up
more
ouen,
and
you
can’t
give
up
on
game
try's,
because
you
can’t
let
weak
notrump
pairs
steal
your
game.
However,
you
are
immediately
forced
to
the
2-‐level.
Your
opponents
will
have
a
run-‐out
system
to
escape
when
you
make
a
penalty
double.
And
do
you
play
systems
On/Off
over
a
Weak/Mini
notruump?
Do
you
really
care
who
plays
the
hand?
Judgment
The
most
used
“Interference
convenKons
over
weak/strong
notrump
”
by
players
in
the
United
States
are
Natural
bids,
Landy,
Cappelley,
and
Meckwell.
Yes, ouen the same as you may use against strong NT – Why change?
MOST DO NOT PLAY DONT SINCE the double (X) is not for PENALTY!
Others convenKons played in the U.S. are MulK-‐Landy, Woolsey, Mohan, and Hello.
To
compete
against
the
weak/mini
Notrump,
you
should
have
10-‐14
HCP
in
the
direct
seat
(adjusPng
for
dubious
doubletons)
and
double
for
penalty
with
15+
HCP.
In the balancing seat, you may use the Rule of 2 to compete.
Do
not
compete/interfere
with
flat
hands:
4-‐4-‐3-‐2,
5-‐3-‐3-‐2,
and
4-‐3-‐3-‐3
shapes
are
defensive
shapes.
Don’t
overcall
on
those
shape
regardless
of
strength.
Examples
The
opponents
open
a
weak
1NT
(12-‐14/10-‐12)
and
you
hold
First
Hand:
you
have
13HCP
(subtract
1
for
honor
doubleton)=
12pts
Second
Hand:
you
have
11HCP.
Both
hands
appear
to
have
the
required
10-‐14
HCP
to
compete/interfere.
However,
look
at
your
hand
paIerns.
In
the
first
it
is
4-‐5-‐2-‐2
and
the
second
5-‐3-‐3-‐2.
In
the
first
hand
you
want
to
compete,
but
in
the
second
it
is
beIer
to
defend.
Many
would
want
to
bid
because
they
do
not
understand
weak
NT
bids.
What
about
the
balancing
seat?
Same
principles
–
even
with
2
shortness
points!
Example
All
Vulnerable
and
East
Opens
1NT
WEAK
12-‐14.
Siqng
South
what
do
you
do
–
pass
or
bid?
NORTH
♠
J6
♥
AKQJ
♦
J873
♣
984
♠
K94
♠
1072
WEST
♥
952
♥
1083
EAST
♦
104
♦
AKQ5
♣
QJ643
♣
K72
SOUTH
♠
AQ653
♥
764
♦
962
♣
A10
Analysis
• South
has
2
aces
and
and
2
Quick
tricks
with
a
5-‐
card
spade
suit
and
10HCP!
• So
South
bids
2♠
and
West
bids
3♣
and
North
bids
3♠.
All
pass.
• East
leads
a
diamond
and
west
plays
his
Q♦
and
shius
to
the
K♣,
driving
out
the
A♣.
Declarer
crosses
to
dummy
with
a
heart
and
loses
a
spade,
two
diamonds,
a
diamond
ruff,
and
a
club
for
down
2.
• What
happened?
• South
made
a
bad
overcall
thinking
he
had
a
strong
hand,
he
should
pass
and
allow
North
to
decide
what
to
do!
Basic
Principle
when
compeKng
against
Weak
NT
• In
strong
(15-‐17)NT
contracts
the
direct
seat
is
most
important;
however,
this
is
not
the
case
against
a
weak
NT
pair.
• Instead,
the
balancing
seat
is
more
important
when
compeKng
against
weak
NT
pairs.
• Allow
the
opponents
to
show
their
hands.
• BeIer
to
wait!
Rule
of
9/N
• A
reopening
double
by
opener
is
for
takeout.
Responder
is
expected
to
bid
his
best
suit
or
pass
for
penalty
with
the
correct
hand.
• The
Rule
of
9
(called
the
RULE
of
N
by
the
ACBL)
helps
one
decide
whether
to
pass
for
penalty
or
to
bid
-‐
to
evaluate
hand
strength.
• To
use
the
rule,
you
add
the
level
of
the
contract
(usually
2/3),
to
the
number
of
the
trump
in
your
hand,
to
the
number
of
trump
honors
(AKQJ10).
• Formula: Level of Bid + # of trumps + # of trump honors= 9+
• If
this
sum
is
nine
or
more,
pass
the
takeout
double
for
penalty.
• If
the
number
is
eight
or
less,
bid
something,
do
not
let
the
double
stand.
Example
The
bidding
goes:
Hand 1 Hand 2
♠
105
♠75
♥
AJ64
or
♥AQ1097
♦
109764
♦Q72
♣
87
♣352
Do
you
bid
or
pass?
Your
partner
has
made
a
takeout
X.
What
did
you
do?
• Hand
1
• You
have
5
HCP
and
the
level
of
their
contract
is
two.
Adding
the
contract
length
(2)
+
#of
trumps(4)
+
#
of
trump
honors(2)
=
8<9.
So
you
must
bid
(e.g.
3♦).
•
Hand
2
• You
have
8
HCP.
Adding
the
level
of
their
bid(2)
+
#of
trumps(5)
+
#
of
trump
honors(3)
=
10>9.
So
you
must
NOT
BID.
Leave
the
X
in
for
penalty.
• If
the
opponents
bid
3♥
you
would
leave
the
X
in
with
both
hands.
Since
by
the
RULE
of
9
-‐-‐-‐-‐
the
sum
is
9
and
11,
respecKvely.
Increased
by
one
for
the
3-‐level
bid.
Rule
of
10
The
rule
of
9
is
used
to
decide
when
to
bid
when
partner
makes
a
takeout
X.
However,
some
may
be
tempted
to
also
use
it
for
penalty
doubles
when
the
opponents
bid
at
the
2/3
or
even
the
4-‐
level.
This
as
Mel
Colchamiro
says
is
incorrect
–
it
is
not
the
intent
of
the
rule.
Instead
you
may
use
my
rule
of
10!
How
does
it
work?
Penalty
doubles
occur
most
ouen
when
you
or
your
partner
are
behind
the
declarer.
If Partner has not opened the bidding, but overcalled or passed.
At
the
1
level
you
need
7
winning
tricks
+
3
trump
tricks
Or
again
“10”
defined
as
(13-‐losers+1=7+3).
Problem
1
for
the
Rule
of
10
• Your
partner
Opens
and
bids
1♠
and
your
opponent
overcalls
2♣
-‐
and
you
pass
as
do
your
opponents,
but
your
partner
X’s.
24-‐7-‐7(losers)+2(Quick)-‐2(Level) = 10
Bid
3♠
Problem
3
for
Rule
of
10
• You
hold:
♠A987
♥A5
♦A109
♣
K987
• You are be hide the declarer and partner has passed.
So
you
must
X
the
3♦
bid
for
penalty
siyng
behind
the
declarer.
PreempKve
Opening
Bids
• A
guide
to
preempKve
opening
bids
and
overcalls
is
that
one
cannot
afford
to
be
set
more
than
500
unless
one
is
saving
against
a
slam
contract.
• You
have
6
losers
(0
in
spades,
1
in
hearts,
3
in
diamonds
and
2
in
clubs).
13-‐6
losers=7
playing
tricks.
Non-‐vulnerable,
adding
3
=
7+3=10
tricks
so
you
should
open,
4♠.
• If
you
open
at
only
the
three
level,
you
would
be
underbidding
your
cards.
You
would
open
3♠
only
if
vulnerable
(13-‐6=7+2=9
tricks).
• It
is
obvious
that
the
opponents
are
able
to
more
easily
bid
over
three
spades
than
four
spades.
Example
of
2/3
Rule
♠
void
♥
63
♦
AQJ876432
♣
87
(non-‐vulnerable)
• Add
your
high
card
points
to
the
number
of
trump
held.
If
this
total
is
17
or
more,
bid
game;
if
your
HCP
total
is
between
are
10-‐12
compete
to
the
three-‐level
and
if
your
HCP
is
between
are
13-‐15
bid
2NT.
• Auer
the
bid
of
2NT
use
OGUST;
if
the
response
is
3♥
(good
hand,
bad
suit)
or
3♠
(good
hand,
good
suit),
bid
game,
compete
to
the
four-‐level,
otherwise,
raise
the
bid
to
the
three-‐level.
• With
6-‐9
HCP
and
2/3-‐card
support,
raise
to
the
2-‐level;
otherwise
pass
or
bid
1NT.
ACBL
Rule
of
17
• The
New
ACBL
convenKon
charts
which
go
into
effect
in
November
22,
2018
calls
a
hand
with
“Near
Average
Strength”
a
hand
with
8
HCP
or
meets
the
Rule
of
17.
Responding
without
OGUST
If
you
do
not
play
OGUST,
but
use
2NT
to
ask
for
a
feature,
OPENER
MUST
FORGET
IT.
Instead
OPENER
looks
at
HCP,
are
you
closer
to
6
or
10?
With
6
-‐7
rebid
your
weak
suit
at
the
3-‐level.
With
8-‐10
bid
a
side
suit
with
an
A/K/Q.
With
no
side
suit
but
AKQ/AKJ
in
your
weak
suit,
bid
3NT;
otherwise
pass
2NT.
Examples
of
weak
2
bids
• Partner
opens
2♥
and
you
hold
• ♠KJ9
♥
7
♦
KJ7654
♣
AQ7
• HCP=14+1(trump)=
15
so
bid
2NT.
• Your
partner
opens
1♠
and
your
right
hand
opponent
intervenes
with
the
bid
of
2♥.
What
is
your
bid
holding
the
following
hand?
• You
have
11
dummy
points
in
support
of
spades
and
two
aces.
Depending
on
your
methods
do
you
cue
bid
3♥
showing
3+
card
support
and
10+
points,
or
do
you
bid
3♣,
playing
Reverse
Bergen,
to
show
10-‐12
dummy
points,
or
with
five
spades,
“following
the
law”,
just
bid
4♠
-‐
you
have
a
10-‐card
trump
fit?
Bid
to
the
level
of
the
total
trumps!
Follow
the
Law?
• Following
the
“Law”
many
club
players
may
bid
4♠.
• However
for
the
law
to
work,
the
most
important
ingredient
is
the
trick
potenKal
of
your
hand,
which
the
law
ignores.
• The
extra
trumps
MUST
WIN
extra
tricks!
Thus,
you
need
5-‐card
support
plus
a
singleton
or
at
least
two
doubletons
and
your
flat
distribuKon
just
does
not
qualify.
Beware
of
the
Law!
• The
best
bid
is
perhaps
a
cue
bid
of
3♥
and
if
partner
bids
3♠,
pass
or
playing
Reverse
Bergen,
opener
bids
3♦,
which
asks
do
you
have
12
dummy
points?
And,
with
only
11
your
bid
is
3♠.
Partner
will
pass.
• You
have
17
dummy
points
and
using
the
rule
of
17,
4♥
clearly
makes.
But,
do
you
have
a
slam?
• Assume
partner
has
2
of
the
top
3
honors
or
3
of
the
top
5
honors,
for
example,
♠xx
♥AQ10xxxx
♦x
♣xxx
with
no
side
tricks
and
shortness
in
diamonds.
• Auer
a
club
lead
and
a
spade
switch,
aIacking
dummy’s
entry.
Declarer
will
succeed
against
a
4-‐1
diamonds
and
3-‐0
trump
splits.
How?
• Win
the
spade,
play
a
heart
to
your
hand,
a
diamond
to
the
ace,
and
ruff
a
diamond
high,
If
diamonds
are
4-‐1
conKnue
with
a
low
heart
to
dummy
and
ruff
another
diamond
high.
Return
to
dummy
in
trumps
and
claim
your
slam.
• Do
not
just
bid
4♥,
but;
bid
4♣
as
weak
1430
RKCB
for
hearts.
If
you
do
not
play
this
convenKon,
bid
4♠
as
1430
kickback
for
hearts
or
at
the
very
least
bid
4NT!
Hand
3
• ♠82
♥KJ4
♦AK9876
♣876
• You
have
13
dummy
points
so
bid
4♥
to
advance
the
pre-‐empKve
bid.
The
opponents
may
make
a
game
in
spades
or
clubs.
If
you
get
doubled
in
4♥
you
will
be
down
2
for
-‐500!
• If
the
SST
in
both
hands
=
2,
then
we
have
11
tricks
with
a
singleton
in
both
hands,
with
a
void
and
singleton
13-‐(SST=1)
=12.
A
SLAM
• If
the
total
HCP=
22-‐24
in
both
hands,
you
gain
a
trick.
So,
with
singletons
in
both
hands
13-‐(SST=2)+1=12!
And
with
25-‐27
you
gain
2
tricks.
•
• NOTE:
For
that
for
those
unusual
hands
with
separate
2
voids,
13-‐0=13,
a
grand
Slam!
•
• The
SST
Rule
was
developed
by
Mike
Lawrence
and
Anders
Wirgen.
A
Modern
Splinter
ConvenKon
• Singletons
• 1♠
-‐
pass
-‐
3♥*
(singleton)
–
to
ask
where,
bid
next
step
(3♠*)
• Then
4♥*
-‐
4♣*
-‐
4♦*
show
singletons
• 1♥
-‐
pass
-‐
3♠*
(singleton)
–
to
ask
where,
bid
next
step
(3NT)
• Then
4♣*
-‐
4♦*
show
singletons
and
4♥*=
spades
(singleton)
• If
you
do
not
need
to
know
where
the
singleton
is
located,
since
it
may
help
the
opponents,
bid
4NT
as
1430
Roman
Keycard
Blackwood
(RKCB)
-‐-‐-‐
Or
you
may
use
3NT
as
1430
Baby
RKCB
to
keep
the
steps
at
a
lower
level
(Some
use
kickback
bid
of
4♠
for
hearts).
Or,
you
may
next
use
cue
bids.
• *=alert
ConKnued
Bids
• Voids
• 1♠
-‐
pass
-‐
4♣*/4♦*(void
in
suit
bid)
and
3NT
*
=
heart
void.
• 1♥
-‐
pass
-‐
4♣*/4♦*
(voids
in
suit
bid)
and
3NT*
=
spade
void.
• Note:
some
pairs
use
1430
and
others
use
steps
0
1
2
3
to
show
keycards
as
recommended
by
Kantar.
NORTH
♠
Q72
♥
Q5
♦
KQJ85
♣
863
♠
A9654
♠
KJ103
WEST
♥
AK832
♥
106
EAST
♦
A4
♦
7
♣
5
♣
AKJ1092
SOUTH
♠
8
♥
J974
♦
109632
♣
Q76
Bidding
the
slam
South
West
North
East
1♠
2♦
3♥*(singleton)
Pass
3♠*(where)
Pass
4♦*(diamonds)
X
4♥
(Control)
Pass
4NT
(1430)
Pass
5♦
(0-‐3)
Pass
6♣
(control)
Pass
6♥
(Control)
Pass
7♠
Pass
Pass
Pass
Analysis
• East
has
15
HCP
and
having
two
5-‐card
suits
adds
2
length
points
for
17
points
and
opens
1♠.
• North
passes
and
East
sees
that
they
have
a
spade
fit
with
12
HCP,
but
now
adding
2
points
for
club
length,
2
for
his
singleton
and
1
for
a
quality
suit
–
East
has
17
working
points.
• If
you
intend
to
bid
2NT,
you
should
have
22-‐24
HCP
and
notrump
distribuKon.
This
is
not
the
case
when
you
bid
a
major
2♥
or
2♠.
What
are
criKcal
are
losers
and
quick
tricks,
not
points!
What
is
needed?
• To
open
2♣
and
then
bid
a
major
requires
at
least
five
cards
in
the
major,
NO
MORE
THAN
FOUR
LOSERS
and
a
minimum
of
FOUR
QUICK
TRICKS
(A=1,
K=½,
KQ
=1);
the
rule
of
44.
• Marty
Bergen
in
the
September
2009
issues
of
the
“Bridge
BulleKn”
(page
50)
also
reviews
this
approach,
but
he
did
not
name
it
as
the
Rule
of
44.
The
rule
of
44
applied
• Let's
look
at
an
example:
You
hold
the
hand
NORTH
♠
Q65
♥
KJ42
♦
void
♣
AKQJ102
♠
A104
♠
J973
WEST
♥
10953
♥
6
EAST
♦
KQ932
♦
A876
♣
6
♣
9843
SOUTH
♠
K82
♥
AQ87
♦
J1054
♣
75
Example
conKnued
• Approach
One
(1♣)
• *=Alert
• With
19
points
(16HCP
+
2
length
points+1
for
quality
the
suit)
south
opens
1♣
(a
4
loser
hand).
Analysis
of
Bidding
• The
4♦*
bid
shows
heart
support
with
a
singleton/void
(delayed
splinter).
Now
south
shows
a
control
in
spades
(1st
or
2nd)
and
cue
bids
4♠.
• Playing
1430,
North
bids
4NT
and
with
one
keycard
south
responds
5♣
(1/4).
North
next
bids
5♦(the
queen
asking
bid).
Having
the
queen
and
the
spade
king,
south
bids
5NT.
• If
the
king
were
a
lower
ranking
king,
one
would
bid
6
of
the
king
suit
to
show
the
king
and
the
queen
of
trump.
Missing
one
keycard,
south
bids
6♥.
• If
your
agreement
is
that
a
delayed
splinter
bid
shows
a
void,
like
in
exclusion
keycard
Blackwood,
then
south
must
exclude
the
diamond
suit
when
responding
to
the
bid
of
4NT
playing
1430
or
3014
RKCB.
• With
4
quick
tricks
and
4
losers,
rule
of
44
with
a
5-‐card
suit,
some
may
open
the
hand
2♣;
this
prevents
partner
from
passing
the
bid
of
one
club.
Another
approach
• Approach
Two
(2♣)
•
• South
West
North
East
2♣
Pass
• 2♦(A/K)
Pass
3♣
Pass
• 3♥(control)
Pass
4♥
Pass
• 4NT
Pass
5NT(Even
w
Void)
Pass
• 6♥
All
Pass
Analysis
of
Two
Club
Bidding
• Opening
two
clubs,
the
bid
of
2♦
shows
at
least
one
control
(A/K),
which
is
no
longer
alerted
or
announced
so
please
say
nothing
unless
asked.
• North
next
bids
his
suit
and
south
bids
4♥
to
show
his
control
(at
least
one
A/K).
With
four
hearts,
north
bids
4♥.
• South
next
bids
4NT
(1430
for
hearts
the
agreed
suit)
and
with
a
void
in
diamonds,
north
bids
5NT
(2/4
keycards
with
a
void).
• South
bids
the
heart
slam,
assuming
two
keycards.
With
the
worthless
club
doubleton
south
does
not
bid
no-‐trump.
• You clearly must trump the diamond lead. But then what?
• If
you
conKnue
to
draw
trump
and
they
break
poorly,
you
make
only
one
diamond
ruff,
four
hearts
and
six
clubs;
or,
only
11
tricks.
When
you
eventually
play
spades
you
will
no
longer
have
trumps,
which
allows
the
opponents
to
cash
at
least
one
diamond
trick.
• Playing two rounds of trump you get the bad new – a 4-‐1 break.
• So
now
you
now
play
spades,
but
which
spade?
Do
you
play
the
queen
or
lead
a
spade
to
the
king?
Play
ConKnued
• If
you
play
a
spade
to
the
spade
king,
west
may
win
and
play
another
diamond.
You
will
be
blocked
in
dummy
and
forced
to
play
clubs.
If
west
now
ruffs
and
plays
spades
you
will
not
make
your
slam.
Hence,
you
must
play
the
spade
queen
at
trick
four.
• If
it
holds,
you
draw
trumps
and
cash
your
clubs.
If
either
opponent
takes
the
spade
ace,
and
plays
another
diamond,
you
ruff
cross
to
your
spade
king
draw
trumps
and
run
your
clubs.
• Count
your
tricks
and
have
a
plan.
Many
Pmes
you
must
postpone
drawing
trumps.
Rule
of
64
When
opening
a
hand
that
is
6-‐4
major-‐minor,
show
the
four-‐card
suit
only
if
the
number
of
HCP
in
the
four-‐card
suit
is
greater
than
or
equal
to
the
number
of
HCP
in
the
six-‐card
suit.
If
this
is
not
the
case,
rebid
the
six-‐card
suit
and
do
not
show
the
four-‐card
suit;
except
if
you
are
6-‐4
in
the
majors;
show
the
other
major.
Rule
of
210
• How
many
Kmes
have
your
heard
bridge
players
say
that
the
5-‐level
belongs
to
the
opponents?
THIS
IS
NOT
THE
CASE
IN
COMPETITIVE
AUCTIONS!
• If
you
are
in
a
compeKKve
aucKon
and
the
opponents
have
bid
to
the
5-‐level,
do
you
compete,
double
or
pass.
You
may
use
the
rule
of
210.
•
• With
TWO
(2)
cards
in
the
opponents
bid
suit
you
should
DOUBLE
for
penalty.
• With
ONE
(1)
card
in
their
suit
pass.
• With
ZERO
(0)
cards
in
their
suit,
compete
to
the
five
level.
• For
example
you
are
bidding
diamonds
and
they
are
bidding
clubs.
Use
the
rule
to
determine
whether
or
not
you
should
bid
five
diamonds
over
five
clubs,
double,
or
pass.
• This
is
also
the
case
for
hearts
over
diamonds
or
spades
over
hearts.
Remember
the
rule
of
210;
simple!
NegaKve
Slam
Double
• The
rule
comes
from
NegaPve
Slam
Doubles,
which
are
used
to
decide
whether
to
sacrifice,
or
not.
• Over
a
slam
bid,
the
second
hand
doubles
to
show
no
defensive
tricks
but
passes
with
one
or
more
tricks.
Example:
1♥
-‐
2♠
-‐
4♥
-‐
4♠
6♥-‐
X
• This
Double
indicates
the
player
has
no
defensive
tricks
and,
assuming
partner's
hand
is
limited
to
offensive
values
(low
ODR=Offense
to
Defense
RaKo),
suggests
partner
make
a
sacrifice
slam
bid
(usually
with
favorable
or
equal
vulnerability).
The
5-‐Level
-‐-‐-‐
Example
1
Dealer
is
South
all
Vulnerable
NORTH
♠
Q82
♥
A74
♦
987
♣J1032
♠
J109
♠
K64
WEST
♥
8
♥
93
EAST
♦
AKJ1062
♦
Q43
♣
KQ4
♣
A9865
SOUTH
♠
A1053
♥
KQJ10652
♦
5
♣
7
5
Over
5-‐
Example
1
North
East
South
West
1♥
2♦
Pass
3♦
4♥
5♦
Pass
Pass
?
NORTH
♠
AQJ3
♥
J87
♦
K432
♣104
♠
9
♠
102
WEST
♥
AKQ109432
♥
65
EAST
♦
105
♦
Q986
♣
Q5
♣
AKJ86
SOUTH
♠
K87654
♥
VOID
♦
AJ7
♣
9732
5
Over
5
-‐
Example
2
North
East
South
West
Pass
2♠
3♥
Pass
4♥
Pass
Pass
4♠
X
Pass
5♥
Pass
Pass
?
You
can
make
five
spades
and
if
the
opponents
X,
it
is
worth
650!
With
the
A♣
and
K♣
and
two
spades
east
may
X
5♠.
Rule
of
88
• Your
partner
opens
1NT
with
15-‐17
HCP
and
you
are
4-‐4
in
the
majors’
with
0-‐7/8
HCP
what
is
your
agreement
for
each
of
the
following
hands?
•
You
were
told
that
to
employ
the
Stayman
ConvenKon
(the
bid
of
2♣)
that
you
must
have
a
4-‐card
major
and
8+
HCP,
but
it
is
not
recommended
with
4-‐3-‐3-‐3
distribuKons;
since
you
have
no
ruffing
values.
However,
what
is
one
to
do
when
you
are
4-‐4
in
the
majors
with
only
0-‐7/8
HCP?
With
all
three
hands
you
MUST
bid
2♣,
do
not
pass
1NT.
• If
your
are
4-‐3
on
the
majors,
you
need
4
diamonds
and
0-‐7/8
HCP.
This
allows
you
to
pass
2♦.
Next
Bids
• If
partner
bids
2♦,
bid
2♥*
with
Hands
1
&
2
–
Crawling
Stayman
which
asks
partner
to
pick
his
best
3-‐card
major,
or
to
pass
or
correct.
If
partner
bids
either
2♥/2♠,
you
will
pass.
If
partner
is
2-‐2
in
the
majors,
he
will
bid
3♣/3♦;
then
pass.
Crawling
Stayman
also
works
when
4-‐3
in
the
majors
with
4
diamonds.
You
will
pass
2♦
or
again
bid
2♥;
pass
or
correct.
• With
Hand
3,
use
the
Rule
of
88
with
eight
cards
higher
than
the
8
and
8HCP.
Auer
the
bid
of
2♦,
bid
2NT
as
invitaKonal.
If
partner
bids
2♥/2♠
you
will
pass.
If
you
had
9HCP,
bid
2♠/3♥.
Another
example
You
have
8
HCP,
but
are
only
4-‐3
in
the
majors
with
no
5-‐
card
suit;
but
have
a
4-‐card
diamond
suit.
Again
use
the
Rule
of
88,
bid
2♣.
If
partner
bids
your
major
great,
if
not
you
can
pass
2♦.
If
you
are
4-‐4-‐4-‐1
and
weak
0-‐8
HCP
again
bid
2♣
as
Garbage
Stayman
and
pass
any
2-‐level
bid
Rule
of
11
for
Suit
Leads
• If
the
opponents
make
4th
best
lead,
subtract
the
spot
on
the
card
led
from
11.
• The
Rule
of
11
(15-‐4)
is
used
for
placing
the
outstanding
higher
cards
when
partner
makes
a
fourth
best
lead.
• One
subtracts
the
spot
of
the
card
led
from
eleven
to
determine
the
number
of
higher
cards
in
the
remaining
three
hands.
• Since
the
high
cards
in
the
dummy
and
your
hand
can
be
seen,
the
remaining
cards
are
with
declarer.
This
informaKon
is
quite
useful
in
deciding
which
card
to
play
on
the
trick
and
how
to
play
the
suit
if
you
take
the
trick.
The
leads
are
made
against
suit
contracts
and
notrump
contracts.
• However,
look
at
the
opponents
CC
since
many
may
make
aytude
leads
against
NT
or
coded
9
and
10
leads.
• If
the
answer
(based
upon
the
calculaKon)
does
not
make
sense,
the
card
led
may
not
be
fourth
best.
Many
use
aqtude
leads
against
NT
or
BOSTON
(Bo`om
of
something
Top
of
nothing).
When
you
lead
4
best!
th
• Lead
the
suit
that
is
the
longest
and
strongest
in
the
combined
hands
of
the
partnership.
Save
your
high
cards
in
other
suits
to
recapture
the
lead
auer
your
long
suit
has
been
established.
• As west You hold – what do you lead? The Opponents are playing 4♠
♠
Q8653
♥
A5
♦
93
♣
J872
• Clearly 5♠
You HOLD
♠
A3
♥
Q1096
♦
A987
♣
Q106
• From
a
four
card
suit,
the
third
highest
card
is
led.
From
a
five
card
suit
(or
longer),
the
fiuh
highest
card
is
led.
• Examples:
• K953
-‐
lead
the
5.
5
is
high
12-‐5=7
cards
higher
• Q9762
-‐
lead
the
2.
2
is
low
10-‐2=
8
cards
higher
• J86532
-‐
lead
the
3.
3
is
low
10-‐3=7
cards
higher
•
• The
major
benefit
of
third
and
fiuh
leads
is
that
they
help
your
partner
gauge
your
suit
length
in
addiKon
to
the
outstanding
cards.
Never
fourth
Best!
• Playing
4th
best
“standard”
leads,
the
2
would
be
led
from
both
K92
and
K972.
Playing
third
and
fiuh
however,
the
lead
of
a
2
always
indicates
a
three
or
five
card
suit.
It's
easier
for
partner
to
try
guess
whether
you
hold
three
or
five
cards
in
the
suit,
rather
than
whether
you
hold
three
or
four.
• A
disadvantage
of
third
and
fiuh
leads
is
that
the
third
highest
card
can
someKmes
be
too
costly
to
lead.
For
example,
leading
the
9
from
KJ92
can
easily
loose
a
trick.
• AlternaKvely,
many
players
use
third
and
fiuh
leads
from
an
even/odd
number
of
cards,
respecKvely.
The
opening
leader
leads
the
third
highest
card
from
an
even
number
of
cards
in
a
suit,
and
the
fiuh
highest
card
from
an
odd
number.
Look
at
the
CC
and
ask!
• Examples:
• The
difference
between
the
original
designed
pracKce
is
subtle
-‐
from
a
six
card
suit,
the
third
highest
card
is
led
instead
of
the
fiuh
highest
card.
This
is
the
primary
premise
of
the
Journalist
System
of
Leads.
8
Ever
9
Never
• When
finessing
for
the
queen,
with
nine
cards
and
no
informaKon,
the
odds
for
a
drop
are
52:48
vs.
50:50
for
finesse!
• This
is
a
nominal
difference.
• In
general,
if
the
finesse
is
into
the
safe
hand,
even
with
nine
cards,
one
would
finesse,
with
no
informaKon
from
the
bidding;
it
is
beIer
to
play
for
the
drop
of
the
queen.
10
Ever
11
Never
• A
similar
rule
applies
when
finessing
for
the
king;
with
eleven
cards,
it
is
again
beIer
to
play
for
the
drop;
however,
with
ten
cards,
finesse.
Again,
the
probability
is
small,
about
52
percent
vs.
50
percent.
• If
the
king
is
missing
and
you
have
11
cards,
only
two
cards
are
outstanding
in
the
suit.
If
they
split
evenly
(1-‐1)
which
occurs
52%
of
the
Kme,
the
king
will
drop.
A
2-‐0
split
occurs
only
about
48%
of
the
Kme.
Thus
play
for
the
drop!
• While
simple
rules
may
be
used
for
the
king
and
the
queen,
what
happens
missing
the
Jack?
Suppose
you
have
Q72
and
AK106
in
a
suit.
Do
you
finesse
or
play
for
the
drop?
You
have
seven
hearts
and
the
opponents
have
six.
If
they
split
3-‐3,
the
jack
will
drop.
•
This
is
referred
to
as
the
Finesse
Drop
Test
“FDT”.
Simply
count
the
out
standing
cards!
Rule
of
22
• To
determine
whether
or
not
to
open
a
hand
in
the
first
or
second
seat,
one
ouen
uses
the
rule
of
22.
• If
the
number
of
high
card
points
and
the
number
of
cards
in
your
two
longest
suits
add
to
20
and
you
have
two
quick
tricks,
open
the
hand.
•
In
the
third
seat,
one
only
needs
1
and
one-‐half
quick
tricks
(the
rule
of
21
½).
• The
Rule
of
15
is
used
in
the
4th
seat
not
the
Rule
of
22.
Some
conKnue
to
use
the
Rule
of
20!
Examples
♠108
♥K10763
♦7
♣AK432
♠AQ9
♥AJ82
♦J107
♣543
12
HCP
+
4♥
+
3
of
any
other
suit
+2
Quick
=
21.
So
Pass.
Rule
of
20/19
• Same
as
the
Rule
of
22,
but
does
not
require
2
quick
tricks.
Some
expert
players
believe
that
22/20
is
too
limiKng
a
barrier
and
prefer
to
use
the
Rule
of
19.
• If
the
number
of
high
card
points
and
the
number
of
cards
in
your
two
longest
suits
add
to
20/19.
♠AJ105
♥K1063
♦K7
♣432
You have 11 HCP and 4♠’s = 15 So open 1♠
♠AQ432
♥K2
♦J87
♣1094
You have 10 HCP and 5♠’s = 15 So again open 1♠.
♠J2
♥A54
♦AQ1054
♣853
You
have
11
HCP
and
2♠’s
=
13
Pass
do
not
let
them
find
their
heart
fit.
Rule
of
7
(Hold-‐Up)
• When
playing
3NT
contracts
and
having
only
one
stopper
in
the
suit
led
headed
by
the
ace,
one
may
use
the
Rule
of
7
to
decide
how
many
Kmes
to
hold
up.
• Rule:
subtract
the
total
number
of
cards
you
and
dummy
hold
in
the
suit
from
seven.
This
is
the
number
of
Kmes
you
should
hold
up
when
the
opponents
lead
the
suit.
• You
are
playing
3NT
and
you
have
Axx
in
dummy
and
xxx
in
you
hand
and
the
suit
is
lead.
Since
7-‐6=1;
you
must
hold
up
once
and
take
the
second
trick
if
the
suit
is
conKnued.
• Suppose
you
have
Axx
versus
xx
and
the
suit
is
lead.
Since
7-‐5=2
you
must
hold-‐up
twice.
• What
about
1NT
or
2NT?
Add
4
to
the
Level
of
Contract
(1/2/3)
and
subtract
the
number
of
cards
you
hold
in
the
suit
led.
• 3+4
=
rule
of
7
3NT
7
less
the
#of
cards
(in
hand
and
dummy)
=
Kmes
you
hold
up
• 2+4
=
rule
of
6
2NT
6
less
the
#of
cards
(in
hand
and
dummy)
=
Kmes
you
hold
up
• 1+4
=
rule
of
5
1NT
5
less
the
#of
cards
(in
hand
and
dummy)
=
Kmes
you
hold
up
Example
The
bidding
goes
1NT
–
3NT
–
you
are
siyng
N-‐S
and
west
leads
the
♠4
(low
from
an
honor).
Dummy
holds
♠2
And
you
hold
♠QJ94
You
play
the
♠2
and
East
wins
with
the
♠A
and
returns
the
♠6.
Do
you
duck
or
play
an
honor?
Using the rule of 7, 7-‐5= 2, you must duck and do not play an honor.
This
rule
as
with
others
we
have
discussed
in
this
lesson
is
never
an
absolute;
but,
a
guide.
It
does
not
always
work!
See
for
example
the
arKcle
by
Larry
Cohen
on
his
Web
site:
www.larryco.com/bridge-‐learning-‐center/detail/436
Rule
of
7
(Points)
• The
opponents
open
at
the
1-‐level
and
your
partner
overcalls
1NT
(15-‐17).
Do
you
play
systems
on/off?
• There
are
40
HCP
in
a
deck
so
40-‐12-‐15=13
and
13/2=
7
on
average.
So
each
partner
has
about
7HCP.
• If
you
play
systems
off,
the
strong
opening
bidder
is
on
lead
so
do
not
use
transfers;
instead
bid
your
5/4-‐card
suit
or
use
cue-‐bid
stayman.
No
need
to
play
transfers
with
strong
NT
overcalls!
Barry
Crane
• Barry
Cranes
Commandments:
• 1.
Never
pull
partners
penalty
double.
• 2.
Always
take
a
sure
profit.
• 3.
Watch
out
for
the
three
level.
• 4.
The
more
you
bid,
the
more
you
got
(no
fast
arrival
here).
• 5.
7's
are
singletons.
• 6.
Don't
bid
grand
slams
at
Swiss
Teams.
• 7.
Don't
put
cards
in
partner's
hand.
• 8.
(Only)
Jesus
saves.
• 9.
Don't
eat
between
sessions.
• 10.
Never
ask
"How's
your
game
?".
• 11.
Never
gloat.
• 12.
The
queen
is
over
the
jack
in
the
minors
and
under
the
jack
in
the
majors.
References
Neil
H.
Timm
(2018)
“ The
Two-‐Over-‐One
Game
Force
System
-‐
With
Chapters
on
Precision”
(free
pdf
on
www.bridgewebs.com/ocala)
Mel Colchamiro (2007) “How you can play like an Expert”
Andy Stark (2006) “ The Weak Notrump -‐ How to Play it -‐ How to Play Against it”
Mike Lawrence and Anders Wirgen (2004) “I Fought The Law of Total Tricks”
Eddie Kantar (1999) “Eddie Kantar Teaches -‐ Modern Bridge Defense”
Eddie Kantar (1999) “Eddie Kantar Teaches -‐ Advanced Bridge Defense”
Larry Cohen (1994) “Following the Law -‐ The Total Tricks Sequel”
New
ACBL
ConvenPon
Charts
(effecPve
11/22/2018)
–
See
the
EducaPon
“ TAB”
on
our
Website