1.
Ecosystem Dynamics and Human Impact:
• Discuss the concept of ecological balance and how human activities like deforestation and
pollution can disrupt this balance.
• Analyze the impact of climate change on global ecosystems, focusing on specific examples of
biodiversity loss and habitat destruction.
• Explain the role of keystone species in maintaining ecosystem health and how their decline
can have cascading effects on the ecosystem.
2. Environmental Conservation and Policy:
• Critically evaluate the effectiveness of international environmental agreements like the Paris
Agreement and the Kyoto Protocol in mitigating climate change.
• Discuss the concept of sustainable development and how it can be integrated into national
development policies.
• Examine the role of community-based conservation initiatives in protecting biodiversity and
natural resources.
3. Pollution and Environmental Degradation:
• Analyze the causes and consequences of air pollution, water pollution, and soil pollution,
focusing on their impact on human health and the environment.
• Discuss the concept of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and its role in mitigating the
negative impacts of development projects.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of pollution control measures in India, highlighting the challenges
and opportunities for improvement.
4. Biodiversity Conservation:
• Explain the concept of biodiversity hotspots and their significance in global conservation
efforts.
• Discuss the role of ex-situ and in-situ conservation strategies in preserving endangered
species.
• Analyze the impact of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity and discuss potential mitigation
measures.
5. Environmental Ethics and Justice:
• Examine the ethical implications of environmental degradation and climate change,
particularly for future generations.
• Discuss the concept of environmental justice and how it relates to issues like pollution,
resource access, and climate change.
• Analyze the role of indigenous knowledge and traditional practices in sustainable
environmental management.
