- 5/012? —T y ——— fo | toy Spaces ee ae ob a matrix See 2 ne ase’ Bd pees 2 fat ren '4 OA | A det A » ee St toe pee (4-7) -(5x6) = 28-30 2 fo [ A 2 fam) = “1 4 4 Pee Batt @ - Ci-aahsi@m)ar * athoiveg ( So - C + sp (2) Tipe aad zi {fo sho 1/5 t/ro eethe Fellewing method . adj matrix = transpose of a cofactor matrix The tofacry of a matrix % Cun be obtained the below formula Cy = ent det (Mj3) where Mij represents (i,j) minor matrix where i represents the vow and J represents the column. a A: iN & = aj. 2 4 det A = 1 (5x9 - 6x2) -2 (4x9 — 6x7) + 3 (4x2- Ts) = (45-12) -2 (s6 -42) 43 (?-35) = 33-2 (-6) +3627) eit 12 — #1 apc a 3 The most important | method of dng oe ce matrix imese involves Finding the, minors Pe any cofacters of elements of the giver matrig AY = (adjeimel A) (fr 5x3. matrix ond oe ada A athe joined | watvix cam be. foun ay eI minors mM, ae (wo Miner of (ry fotacter = (-1)" det (mij) (fp = 0" 69) “ay me (2b) ft Sena oh et 5 Me (I CU) eK tin * eel epee 95) ce? ie Ge = (-)' 27) © 1-27-23 E Ee ites 2 ey = [ts] Z {ema GE «(1 x(12) “2 mg = (3 “| é Q>o) ie at me CI C12) = x2 GA Sk. Pie |(1 | ee 2 y = “12 Phe? ct CR pa)e= yh x 2cd matrix 45) invertible if and only if Dray neti ae A FO Braet A =D 7 othe given matrix is. mon -inver tile, 2 ume (at fl"! Cm ' @ Ciel 4 ppeetOe <4 men (2 34 2 4% ad «2, 1 ONigg- | 3A an: 9 (rene ot)-( 2[(207- oi] | eal (cons? - enw] = 4 (2-0) - 2 (10-74) + (e +4) s 18 + 64 = 90 Es | Pericny 06)) > 2 cCamees cf = (0° det(ij) = 1 * @@) ae, a° fh = (CH) ea mt ag ann xt 1 ef. ey xE4) = EIEN a Yi seal Wes 22 & 4 ef = Cy! xem) = Lx 2 > Mie? [420 Cnn Ee aro ch CO eee) = DH) = Be My = (2g oem 213 1 | ae ct = teh Gales Is Mio > (4 Sie an) 5 al a a s MIL = 6) (0). —E=_———————— 6 2 (OY ER = teed i madriy 2 +4 & | i 20 aad A fey 8 hy (34 12-44 ly zn i Hy) det A Jee ttt P(E 960 2 : det A _ ent) ( Dey hen ik | ee a cow : , Mme) rc) = bY oad ee Ce 2? “ meee | acu gt = . 2($)> scat c) ( - al ys ile = \ ‘| oe is am Mme (i) 50) co & ek. ai) a, © (; °] = Ul Ce a Cor g eer v My f “| qa Boe 2 ch» (exo ooo Ab fe | = es)er) -€2) 2) “4 tin = 8 2 2 4 3¢5) = 6477 3euro SORA 1 Coa 4 Ly es 2, A a, (oa A) ded 4 sia a ee act SS ——— [ols echelon Form A matrix is in - row Phe Nilewing prepertie:- i) Any vou Gnsisting of B tatively zeroes at the Ay for e0zh row that dots mot anttin antivdly vere ane Fit non-zero entry is om 4 w)for wo succeuive vous (non-zero), the tending g. in the higher wou is further left than the lending 4 in the lower ty vow for reduced vo Echelon form , the lending 1 REvery row contains 0- below and above its i thot — column re. Oped a= 58 = 8 @ 6-42 eres t [i Ps fy Bap 78h \ ee 0 1-107 In oo OF 1, He " 4-70) + ameY treks 2eM i 2 Cyne 1- 20) ioe fp (ORO Ac on Se aezwe ° ca 2 ot 2S ®t Ro $e, = 3 301) = o 5-3 ny = 1 ec NS ro/33 fank of a Matrix the rank ef a. matrix is given by how, number of non-zere rows ore pruent in the matrix (hin is converted into row echolon. form) Goode fas Heme (emssgcle [ove: ——— ONIT-3_ System of Lineay Equations iq the 3tt of a possible “seta ms is calle : i ; th A Tinear eqsation in the variables % 1 Ra oy solution Set oof the. linear syle isp ccmevuaien? Two! lincar systems are calted po (quivalert if of [an 4a.7 - 4] —O pave the Some solution set 1 Sey v cai ty ave real of complex where b,j, -~ ey are real ple numbie, A seplem aE Linvor equction ey thy ot, 1) a4,-64, = -2 possbili ties. J 2) 24, +4, -%s = 2 fe 7) No solu fon i) eymctly one Solution (only one set of solution set) Definition’ 9) Tafinitely mndny solutions A systern of linear equabon or 4 Linear System titectn of ont ar more Uintar equatins inelang a dhe same — variables Be tay - xen, > 7 @ % -HIy2 -7 P solution ot the system is Wst=( 3,33 5,7 of numbers that make etch eyuaton 4) true statement when the values 9, 3, Sy are substituted fr ay 1.2. ty veapettively’® By Suppose (5, 6.5,3) ts & solution of 4 @ beénuse ‘if you substitute these values for a, ay 5 you will ge 24-1, +050, jet) +2, = Us) (65) 41-5(3) \9) - 468) = 10 65 44g = aMatric Netabor (Representation) be represented, wa vectengulay A linear con vray called matax f 4 ty 1%, thy 70 an, - 94, = 8 =X) mya, + 9%, + ey De 0 0 as a oi 4 The above matrix is called the Co: efficient matrix or matrix of coefficients of the 4 @ . 7 ® is calted dugmented matriv sowing A linear System yy, Substitution method solve ! equation for one variable and subs b tute» the capression. inte the other ¢quahion elimination methodl > fad ov subtract eynations, fo) eliminale 4 “vaviahte and solve ov the other, 3. Matrix method: ty enatrix aversion or gaussian rnethool 4 Grraphies met hook Graph “the equations ona w-ordinate plane te find — the intersection point iF they Gitemethod , solve the jx inversion gy Using mT squations feuiming sytem 7 satay el 1" +345 Bey ty rar 3479 B Aa eerily eer ‘] ( ] (2 Pa le) ax: 8 tals 3-72 1S Med | deta £0 se the given matrix has inverse matvix nnd Wome wD uniyne “Solubion which jy given by xe AB x: A"'b a+b eo a $2 me 2 5 a's Bel atv | no. cams i Pails | aie mata eee ee) [3] aX al ee save the blowing Linear splem 4 an43 ay Y zat Sy 3 -O aye —O yery-4 —O 40, suestiteeg ‘x’ value” a(2y-4) + S47 8 hy -B + 3y 78 qy-bed Ty = 16 yer Substituting y im 4 @O meee ('e) = 7 ast 1 + Saat i 24h es = -y — (Suestitition method J Cee Elimination method tn+sy 3 —O eee. ayy ® Multiply ¢ @ with ‘2 and subtract, aoe fey uety: Tye Pye Uh SE oa eae ela ee area eeix iesien metitd* Hat aeasy 73 1 ye 4 : . A 7 “fs (2 aie Ax 2B Wee 52 2 det A 40 Ge )tG v4) Beinn. 2 gir + 8/7 2 a ihr ee & c+ dyer] a4 sei Ine dy =) ® & eager = © aesreu — @ uty «1 = -@ 0 yam) x 4, | 0 < : Ax tal= 1 (Cora) -(a¥-9)) = 2 [ (o)-x29] +t [ov = wn) 1B = 9-1(-6)sbs = a4¢ie-d Fdet A400 the givin mantvix shas inverse and it has & unique Solution which is XK AG “30 Che (oI 4 Kae 4 Me = [1 al oa -¢ 20 aa che CH C8) = GH) KEE) pa Bly © ( 9 | FCs) -(0) = 3 v-3 a hy 2 CW mpi) Mees) s-1- 3 ip CK) = -2 sy ° ety Onn 10} thy = (Dx c2) + 1x tofavtor matrix a 6 \-3 -2 bo af fdj A> x (cfs, = [9 -5 e] \é a | b> 7 saul oo “(es \ | | ee | [Me is vm x A" *( mn \y \/3 \alyfons cad + 9) cis + cone cy) Hy.) + ora c/a), & spe 14fe cue)? ' ¢ 3 [cus 2 : 9 Poaesetatteh 1 2 7382-7) G54, -%, 124557 ye tintiix Teversion Method % B ° ey {Al 40., matrix is invertible Ax Ox Ab m) (faery Motiix = [63-69 42°) (tier eis)| °° wag Adj A+ (03 9 Day “69 cl 24g 32g sc _ i l Foes leet ape ae vl vas, wfise) apna “6 28 bP 4p ef aiz6 23/26 1 (apne tres ae | | 7 “yar 9-33 E63) - 2) = fas Behn 42.6 10, Re S/n We 6 rey ‘ mu) pe * 3 x= fy 70/4) 6/4 afec ant 1/13Q& U-te,4t,+0) 24, “84s <8, -4n, 45%, F945 ~ Find UF the BH system is tonsistent or nok . a (esp x (23) = 2s Pe) at matrix Inversion Hethoot a(x ise 3 al = 1 [asa e439] -C:9( ot Cox an]es [ors “e-9] I a sono flo = 58 +(-6u) +t Ee + 66-04 eet ( | a - ad S|Al 22 L Ratrix iz inver Bole - s() dl - 1 xe Ate Cen eg “al Co =(=) * 58 = SB pe Wei x 2-2 Hyg : Cy = (-1)' x (-52) = 32 Factnr matvix = le nt as 1s 5 Mere © 1 e 2 he \ Gy = CN" x (1) 58 ty om 32 13 8 : a 3 2: 8 2= They ast tnsistent end it has 2 x Aw a: | of » = (1840) + 2 (-32)+ = 58 - 6H ts ap det A #0 the given uni que which | gwen by wnvene matrixKe ES at +25) ° f BP 4 2} =p) 24.x0) + (2) + @x-4) fli) *( % x4) + (4x -9) go) ( a i. al e [pann6s 52-56 lie-avalu | So Subs bbb cy 0) 702° Peake Lis = HS stem is eonsiStent ea? ae Ro SS a a a em ea i gaee Inde pendence ine independent set of vectors (viv ve} in © (cegion) 8 said te be Uintarly independent if spne_ veetor equa tion Brgy % | tPF % 5) © Mrgmenty the Privat _selu tion eee (vo Ve] i Said fo be Ucarly ity Adhere | exist weights, er cons tants depertent (9% vp) not all S2evoes) such that cv 7 Va + Cov, = 0. agi dependence elation sy @ is, elle Hinton, Among ( Na ve] pthe Sweights ave rot all revered wiki ’ git weft 3 il } J (a) Find the set (uve) is Uinearly independent (eo) TF possible , find a linear dependence vela boa among (vy, 1%] Ra)fo find owt if the set iv linearly independent CMM given set, ue shoud Find out 4 nor uy J 7 trivial solubonORs: & ~2e, Soe aes oun Rank #2 aed fiw 4] © 1{0-6]- 4 [0-3] +2 (i2-15) 2 -b4IR-G 2D Non- trivial Solution matrix of ofdey nxM hos a non - trivial A syove solution only iF the determinant of the square motrix is 0. Tt the determinant of the motvix is square non-zero, it has a trivial solution. 474% 12420 - © % me * a) 34, a,20 — © 0) 0 gn the about matrix) %,* and 1, are basic yarinwles onl ty is free. Fach non-zero value at ty determines a non-trivial solution of e (. anes, (Wire vs} A¥6 Unearly. deptadeint eto find the linear dependence among Bows converting ib ido row echeloh.! vm ri y 9 os $8 600 ay HUT, I 24,70 On, + BE2t3%Q=0 ox) + 0%, + 0X5=0 od - From the above 2™ equation, Ot, 43%57? aftr +45) -0 4y+ty =0 Ae -ty Suestituting omen) tn eqpation , H+ 4X,+ 260.) -0 H+ Wt, “24; 20 AAI, HO ys -2%Let 1% =7 1, 22%y = 77 pieces azo 4 | CVn + .CuVe he os Vy <0. Ih Vy + Dancy IVs 20 WV, =—1Y) + TVs =O 1.(24-M 4M) = Ly, -Vy +¥5 This iy 0 Vinear ly dependent rlation / Wiel Linear Independence of wpayix Columns tet A= fa,,a, Of 8 508 of vecton..| mp matrix equation Ax. con by written as Me 8, t--.. x 36 tre celumns of matrix 4 aye Vinearly independent paton Aye dnt trie} trivial solu Kon, if ard only if ane has only g determine Cisne Mcstienas! oft ar, Watrie A mee fo 1 4 art intarly ide pondent y Bg Ct) a eee 4 5 ey 2 Oo -2 fet oo Ome 0 0-12 P 0 oOSean CON ae 2-20) =o “5-H -S- Fe og rin Lg Find the Blessing e845 ave Bes yt a eC —® ey 27 1-6 mee 177° : dese Zay Renae Gut ete "x' in op @ qa tdy 2-8 ly -2e8 -10 ® 2@ in gO oy mrz | 4 nen~ trivial ee— 4 lot 2y-22 6-92 48274 Daisies =4 e+ fats | asin HG BUS D Sea 6 = & BO Be SE 30-8 =3z Z=ze 22 3} tog “7 Aes a ZB y 5 Ss Yy => T= ES ae 3g Za eM a io. 2 na ees = ST 2 3 20a 6 , 274 - ‘9 (4) > a Bo-1S +22 aye 3 Se 7 <=> te |] Fane, \el\=