What’s In

In Unit 2, Module 1 of Grade 10 Science Learners Material, you have learned

about how electricity related to magnetism. You were able to map two invisible
force fields, the electric and the magnetic fields within each field.

Electromagnetism electricity and magnetism are two aspects of

electromagnetism, they are related manifestations of underlying
electromagnetic force

• Electricity a phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electric

charges. Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter and is
borne by elementary particles. In electricity the particle involved is the
electron, which carries a charge designated, by convention, as negative.
• Magnetism a phenomenon associated with magnetic fields, which arise
from the motion of electric charges. This motion can take many forms.
It can be an electric current in a conductor or charged particles moving
through space, or it can be the motion of an electron in an atomic
orbital.
Electric forces are produced by electric charges either at rest or in motion.
Magnetic forces, on the other hand, are produced only by moving charges
and act solely on charges in motion.
Electric and magnetic forces can be detected in regions called electric and
magnetic fields. These fields are fundamental in nature and can exist in space
far from the charge or current that generated them. Remarkably, electric fields
can produce magnetic fields and vice versa, independent of any external
charge. A changing magnetic field produces an electric field, as the English
physicist Michael Faraday (physicist and chemist whose many experiments
contributed greatly to the understanding of electromagnetism), discovered in
his work what forms the basis of electric power generation. Conversely, a
changing electric field produces a magnetic field, as the Scottish physicist
James Clerk Maxwell deduced. The mathematical equations formulated by
Maxwell incorporated light and wave phenomena into electromagnetism. He
showed that electric and magnetic fields travel together through space as
waves of electromagnetic wave, with the changing fields mutually sustaining
each other.

In this module, you are going to study about the different types of
electromagnetic waves and differentiate the regions of electromagnetic waves
based on wavelength, frequency and energy.
 What’s New

Direction: Carefully study the electromagnetic spectrum below and answer

the guide questions. Kindly use your answer sheet in answering the
questions.

Activity 1: Study Me!

Comparison of different types of light, including wavelength size, and
frequency

hubblesite.org

1. What are the EM waves that you can find in the diagram?
2. Observe its wavelength, then write the EM spectrum in an ascending
order based on its wavelength?

What Is It

Electromagnetic waves are one of the many ways that energy travels through
space. The heat from a burning fire, the light from the sun, the X-rays used
by your doctor, as well as the energy used to cook food in a microwave are all
forms of electromagnetic radiation. While these forms of energy might seem
quite different from one another, they are related in that they all exhibit
wavelike properties.

Electromagnetic radiation is self-sustaining energy with electric and

magnetic field components. Electromagnetic radiation is commonly referred
to as "light", EM, EMR, or electromagnetic waves. The waves propagate
through a vacuum at the speed of light. The oscillations of the electric and
magnetic field components are perpendicular to each other and to the
direction in which the wave is moving. The waves may be characterized
according to their wavelengths, frequencies, or energy.

Packets or quanta of electromagnetic waves are called photons. Photons have

zero rest mass, but they momentum or relativistic mass, so they are still
affected by gravity like normal matter. Electromagnetic radiation is emitted
any time charged particles are accelerated.

Although all electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum,

they do so at a wide range of frequencies, wavelengths, and photon energies.
Photon also called light quantum, minute energy packet of electromagnetic
radiation.

https://sites.google.com EM SPECTRUM

The EM spectrum is the ENTIRE range of EM waves in order of increasing

frequency and decreasing wavelength.
As you go from left to right, the wavelengths get smaller and the frequencies
get higher. This is an inverse relationship between wave size and frequency.
(As one goes up, the other goes down.) This is because the speed of all EM
waves is the speed of light (300,000,000 m/s).

The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic

radiation. From the longest wavelength/lowest energy to the shortest
wavelength/highest energy, the order of the spectrum is radio wave,
microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma-ray. An easy way
to remember the order of the spectrum is to use the mnemonic "Rabbits Mate
In Very Unusual Expensive Gardens”.

7 Types of Electromagnetic Waves

A. Radio waves have the longest wavelength in the electromagnetic
spectrum. They are produced by making electrons vibrate in an antenna. They
are used to transmit sound and picture information over long distances. Radio
waves have a very wide range of wavelengths. The whole region of the radio
waves is divided into smaller regions or wavebands.
B. Microwaves are the highest-frequency electromagnetic waves that can
be produced by currents in macroscopic circuits and devices. Microwave
frequencies range from about 109 Hz to nearly 1012 Hz. Their high frequencies
correspond to short wavelengths compared with other radio waves hence the
name “microwave.” Microwaves also occur naturally as the cosmic
background radiation left over from the origin of the universe.
Microwaves have smaller wavelengths but has higher frequency and energy
than radio waves. They are used in satellite communications, radar, television
transmission and cooking.
C. Infrared

https://www.science.nasa.gov
Infrared radiation lies beyond the red end of the visible light. It is emitted by
all objects. The amount and wavelength of radiation depend on temperature.
Below 500oC, an object emits only infrared radiation. Above 500oC, an object
glows and emits both infrared and some visible light. About half of the solar
energy arriving at Earth is in the infrared region, with most of the rest in the
visible part of the spectrum. About 23\% of the solar energy is absorbed in
the atmosphere, about 48% is absorbed at Earth’s surface, and about 29\%
is reflected back into space.

Infrared waves are in the lower-middle range of frequencies in the EM

spectrum, between microwaves and visible light. The size of infrared waves
ranges from a few millimeters down to microscopic lengths. The
longerwavelength infrared waves produce heat and include radiation emitted
by fire, the sun and other heat-producing objects; shorter-wavelength infrared
rays do not produce much heat and are used in remote controls and imaging
technologies.
D. Visible Light

https://www.edinformatics.com

Table 1: The Wavelength of the Different Colors of Light

Color Wavelength (nm)

Violet - Indigo 390 to 455
Blue 455 to 492
Green 492 to 577
Yellow 577 to 597
Orange 597 to 622
Red 622 to 700

The visible spectrum is the tiny portion of the spectrum perceived by human
eyes. Our eyes are sensitive to electromagnetic waves of wavelengths that
ranges from 4x10-7 m to 7x10-7 m. This is the range of wavelengths of white
light.
When white light passes through a prism, it is separated into its constituent
colors: the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. These colors do
not distinctly separate but they continuously change from red to violet. Red
color has the longest wavelength from among these colors and violet has the
shortest. It has higher frequency and energy than infrared but lower than
ultraviolet. Visible light is also known as white light.

E. Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength

shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays, in the range 10 nm
to 400. Though these waves are invisible to the human eye, some insects, like
bumblebees, can see them. It is ultraviolet waves that are responsible for
causing our sunburns.
Ultraviolet radiation lies just beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum.
Ultraviolet waves have even shorter wavelengths than visible light and carry
more energy and frequency. UV waves are the cause of sunburn and can
cause cancer in living organisms. High-temperature processes emit UV rays;
these can be detected throughout the universe from every star in the sky.
Detecting UV waves assists astronomers, for example, in learning about the
structure of galaxies.

F. X-RAYS
X-rays come just after the ultraviolet rays. They are of shorter wavelength but
carries higher energy than the UV. X-rays are produced using an X-ray tube.
X-rays are extremely high-energy waves with wavelengths between 0.03 and
3 nanometers -- not much longer than an atom. X-rays are emitted by sources
producing very high temperatures like the sun's corona, which is much hotter
than the surface of the sun. Natural sources of x-rays include enormously
energetic cosmic phenomena such as pulsars, supernovae and black holes.
X-rays are commonly used in imaging technology to view bone structures
within the body.

They are emitted when fast moving electrons hit a metal target. X-rays were
discovered by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895.

G. Gamma Rays
Gamma rays lie at the other end of the electromagnetic spectrum. They are
shortest in wavelength and highest in frequency. They carry the highest
amount of energy; thus, they are more dangerous. Gamma rays are emitted
by stars and some radioactive substances. They can only be blocked with lead
and thick concrete. Gamma rays are very strong that they can kill living cells.
Gamma rays are used to treat cancer through the process called radiotherapy.
They are also used for sterilization of drinking water.

Things to Remember

• The higher the frequency, the more energy the wave has.
• EM waves do not require media in which to travel or move.
• EM waves are considered to be transverse waves because they are made
of vibrating electric and magnetic fields at right angles to each other,
and to the direction the waves are traveling.
• Inverse relationship between wave size and frequency: as wavelengths
get smaller, frequencies get higher

What’s More

Based on the discussion on EM waves, answer the following activities

in your activity notebook.

Activity 1: Unlocking EM Waves

Direction: UNSCRAMBLE the words in Column A to identify the EM WAVES.
After unlocking the words, match with the correct definition in column B.
Kindly write your answers in your answer sheet.
 A B
1. AMMAG ASRY A. Has a higher frequency and energy than
____________________ microwaves but has shorter wavelength than
visible light.
2. YRSAX- B. The longest wavelength in the electromagnetic
___________________ spectrum.
3. VTELIORUALT C. Tiny portion of the spectrum perceived by
ITONIADAR human eyes.
___________________
4. IIBSELV GHILT D. It is commonly used in imaging technology to
___________________ view bone structures within the body.
5. RRAEDFNI E. They are used in satellite communications,
___________________ radar, television transmission and cooking.
6. EVWASIRCMO F. They are shortest in wavelength and highest
___________________ in frequency.
7. AEVWS DAOIR G. Lies just beyond the violet end of the visible
___________________ spectrum.
Assessment 1: Identify Me!
Direction: Study the pictures then identify the images using the words
written in the box. Kindly use your answer sheet in answering the activity.

1.
2.

https://www.bestbuy.com https://www.shutterstock.com
3.
4.

https://www.sciencemadefun.net https://www.megapixl.com
 5.
6.

https:// www.livescience.com https:// www.livescience.com

7.

https://www.medicalxpress.com

radio waves microwave infrared visible light

ultraviolet rays x-ray s gamma-rays

Activity 2: Fill Me!

A. Direction: Fill in each blank with the correct word found in the box below
to complete the paragraph. Kindly use your answer sheet in answering
the activity.

1._________________________ have the longest wavelength in the EM

spectrum. Radio waves have 2. ______________ frequency waves in the
EM spectrum. 3. ____________________ have smaller wavelengths but
has 4. ________________________ frequency and energy than radio
waves.5. __________________ has higher frequency and energy than
microwaves but has 6. _____________________ wavelength than visible
light. 7. ______________________ has higher frequency and energy than
infrared but lower than ultraviolet. 8. ____________________________ have
shorter wavelengths than the visible light and carry more energy and
frequency. 9. _________________ have shorter wavelengths but carries
higher energy than the UV. 10. _______________________ lie at the other
end of the electromagnetic spectrum. It has the shortest in wavelength
and highest in frequency.
 Radio waves Infrared Microwaves lowest

X-rays Visible light higher

longer
highest Gamma rays Ultraviolet waves

Assessment 2: Compare and Contrast

Direction: Compare the EM waves, between Column A to Column C, using
table 2 as your guide. Choose the letter of the correct answer in Column B.
Kindly use another sheet of paper in answering the activity.
Table 2: The electromagnetic waves’ wavelengths, frequencies, and
energies
EM wave Wavelength (λ) in Frequency (Hz) Energy (J)
meters
Radio > 1 X 10-1 <3 X 109 <2 X 10-24
Microwaves 1 X 10-3 – 1 X 10-1 3 X 109 – 3 X 1011 2 X 10-24 – 2 X 10-
22

Infrared 7 X 10-7 – 1 X 10-3 3 X 1011 – 4 X 1014 2 X 10-22 – 3 X 10-

19

Visible 4 X 10-7 – 7 X 10-7 4 X 1014 – 7.5 X 3 X 10-19 – 5 X 10-

1014 19

Ultraviolet 1 X 10-8 – 4 X 10-7 7.5 X 1014 – 3 X 5 X 10-19 – 2 X 10-

1016 17

X-ray 1 X 10-11 – 1 X 10- 3 X 1016 – 3 X 1019 2 X 10-17 – 2 X 10-

8 14

Gamma Ray <1 X 10-11 >3 X 1019 >2 X 10-14

A B C
EM WAVES EM WAVES
1. Microwaves A. higher energy B. lower energy Infrared
2. Radio waves A. longer B. shorter Gamma rays
wavelength wavelength
3. Gamma rays A. higher B. lower X-ray
frequency frequency
4. Gamma rays A. higher energy B. lower energy Ultraviolet rays
5. Ultraviolet A. longer B. shorter Infrared
rays wavelength wavelength
6. Visible Light A. higher B. lower Radio waves
frequency frequency
7. Radio waves A. higher energy B. lower energy Microwaves
8. X-rays A. longer B. shorter Ultraviolet rays
wavelength wavelength
9. Infrared A. higher B. lower X-ray
frequency frequency
10. Microwave A. longer B. shorter Gamma rays
wavelength wavelength

What I Have Learned

Direction: Write T if the statement is correct and F is the statement is

incorrect. Kindly use your answer sheet in answering the activity.

1. The arrangement of the EM waves in ascending order based on

wavelength are gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, visible light, infrared,
microwaves and radio waves.
2. The radio waves have the highest amount of energy and increases as it
moves up. Gamma rays which is found on the topmost has the greatest
amount of energy.
3. The wave with the greatest frequency is the gamma rays and decreases
as it goes down to radio waves.
4. Starting from the radio waves to gamma rays, the wavelength decreases
in length.
 5. Microwaves have shorter wavelength than radio wave but longer than
infrared.
6. Infrared is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than
that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
7. The higher the frequency, the more energy the wave has.
8. The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic
radiation.
9. Electromagnetic radiation is commonly referred to as "light", EM, EMR,
or electromagnetic waves.
10. X-rays have shorter wavelength but carries lower energy than the UV.

What I Can Do

Direction: Using the graphic organizer below. Write down some uses of EM
waves in our everyday life. A copy of this activity is located at the last page of
the module.

7 Types of Electromagnetic Waves

Standards Rubric
Appropriateness 5 points Accuracy 5 points
Grammar and Spelling (English and/or vernacular) 5 points
Completeness 5 points
TOTAL - 20 points
15