Syllabus:-

1. Adjectives and degrees ( Class -test)

2. Verbs
3. Tense and it’s types/ kinds
4. Modals
5. Subject -Verb Agreement
6. Active and Passive voice
7. Informal Letter
8. Formal Letter
9. Composition
10. Picture Composition
11. Comprehension
Revision – Sentences, Pronouns
Total no. of working days in the term -
Total no. of classes for the subject in the
term -
No. of days needed to explain the Chapters -
No. of days needed for writing work -
No. of days needed for revision work -
No. of days needed for class tests -
CALCUTTA PUBLIC SCHOOL
VIP ROAD, JORAMANDIR
 LESSON PLAN OF 2ND TERMINAL
SUBJECT – ENGLISH LANGUAGE
CLASS-5

Adjectives
An adjective is a word used to
qualify a noun or to add something to
the meaning of a noun. Adjectives are
usually placed before the nouns.
For example:-She is a beautiful girl.
Some adjectives we place after the
nouns.
For example:-The boy is smart.
When you have two - short sentences
about the same noun, with one
sentence containing an adjective, you
can combine the sentences by
putting the adjective before the noun.
For example:- Nina reads folk tales.
They are interesting.
Ans:- Nina reads interesting folk tales.
Kinds of Adjectives :-
1) Adjectives of Quality – It
qualifies or describes a noun by
telling us of what quality, of
what sort, or in what state it is.
For example:- America is a
developed country.
2) Adjectives of Quantity- It
qualifies a noun by showing the
quantity of things named. They tell us
how much of a thing is being referred
to.
For example:- Raman has enough
bread to eat.
3) Adjectives of Number :- It
denotes the number of nouns named.
They show how many or in what order
persons or things are taken.
For example:- I stood first in the
class.
Some adjectives like ‘ Little’, and
‘Much’, are used with singular
uncountable nouns.
E.g.- little water, much profit.
‘Few’ and ‘Many’ are used with plural
countable nouns.
E.g.- few pencils, many boys.
4) Demonstrative Adjectives:- It
points out specific people or things.
E.g- This, that, these, and those.
For example: This place is old.
These mangoes are delicious.
5) Interrogative Adjectives:- It is
used in interrogative sentences to
modify the nouns used in the
questions. They are always followed
by the nouns they describe. E.g. –
Who, whom, which and what.
For example:- Whose car has been
stolen from the park?
6) Possessive Adjectives :- It
modifies the nouns following them in
order to show possession. The words
like –your, his, her ,our, their and its
show possession. They always come
before nouns.
For example -Her mother is very
friendly.
7) Emphasising or Emphatic
Adjectives:- They are used to lay
stress on the proceeding nouns.
‘Very’ and ‘Own’ are the most
commonly used. They are used to
emphasize some idea.
For example: He has written all this
with his own hands.
Exercises-
Q.I) Fill in the blanks with much,
many, little, or few:-
1) Philip owns many properties
in France.
2) How much money have you
got?
3) We didn’t earn much profit
this year.
4) There’s little chance that the
team will win.
5) Few people know about the
history of India.
 6) Sharon does not have many
friends.
7) We had so much fun in our
picnic.
8) I have little Knowledge about
computers.
9) There were few students in the
seminar.
10) They own many flats in their
new apartment.
Q. 2) Identify the type of the
underlined adjectives:-
1 Arun will clean her messy room
today.
Ans:- Messy - Adjective of Quality.
2 Most children are playing in the
garden.
Ans: Most- Adjective of Number.
3) I saw it with my own eyes.
Ans :- Own -Emphasising
Adjective.
4 ) Whose pencil box is this?
Ans:- Whose - Interrogative
Adjective.
5) The Atlantic Ocean is the
largest ocean in the world.
Ans. Largest - Adjective of Quality.
6)The boy did not have any soup.
Ans: Any- Adjective of Quantity.
Q.III )Fill in the blanks without
options:-
1. Sam had ___ friends growing up.
2. Can you please give me ___
water?
3. There are ___ people who speak
the truth.
 4. Sally has ___ money left in her
account.
5. ___ people came to the rally.
6. The gravy needs _____ more
salt.
7. Yusuf has ____ time left for his
exams.
8. ____ drops of rain can’t ruin our
plans.
9. There is ____ pudding left in the
fridge.
10. ___ students participated in the
debate competition.
Answers :-
1. Sam had a few friends growing
up.
2. Can you please give me a little
water?
3. There are a few people who
speak the truth.
4. Sally has a little money left in
her account.
5. A few people came to the rally.
6. The gravy needs a little more
salt.
7. Yusuf has a little time left for
his exams.
8. A few drops of rain can’t ruin
our plans.
9. There is a little pudding left in
the fridge.
10. A few students participated in
the debate competition.
Degrees Of Comparison
We use three forms of adjectives to
compare nouns. These forms are
called degrees of comparison.
1)Positive Degree
2) Comparative Degree
3) Superlative Degree
1) Positive Degree :- It is the simple
form of the adjective. It is used when
no comparison is intended. Here as
….as is added to form this degree.
E.g. – clever, brave, short etc.
2) Comparative Degree:- It is used
when two things or persons are
compared. ‘Than’ is used after this
form of degree. E.g.- cleverer,
braver, shorter etc.
3) Superlative Degree:- It is used
when more than two things or persons
are compared. Here ‘ one of the’ is
used to indicate the form of this
degree.
The definite article. 'the' should
always be used before on adjective in
the superlative degree. E.g.-
cleverest, bravest, shortest.

Rules to form Comparative and

Superlative Degrees :-
Rule 1:- Most adjectives form the
comparative degree by adding -er and
the Superlative degree by adding –
est to their positive forms.
Examples:- Dark- darker – darkest.
Rule-2:- If the positive degree ends
in- e, only – r, and – st are and added
to form the comparative and
superlative degrees respectively.
Example:- Wise -wiser – wisest.
Rule-3- If the positive degree ends in
a consonant, and the consonant is
preceded by a vowel, then the final
consonant is doubled, and – er and –
est are added to form the
comparative and superlative degrees
respectively.
Example:-Big – bigger – biggest.
Rule-4:- If the positive degree ends in
– y a and the y is preceded by a
consonant, then -y into – i, and – er
and est are added to form the
comparative and superlative degrees
respectively. Example:- Angry-
angrier-angriest.
Rule-5- If the -y is preceded by
vowel, the – y is not changed into -i,
only er and-est are added to form the
comparative and superlative degrees
respectively.
Example:- grey- greyer- greyest.
Rule-6:- Most adjectives with two
syllables and nearly all adjectives with
more than two syllables form their
comparative degrees by adding more
and their superlative degrees by
adding most.
Example:- Famous – more famous –
most famous .
Rule-7: Some adjectives form their
comparatives and superlatives in
irregular manner.
 Example :-Good - better- best.

Exercises
Ex.I) Fill in the blanks with an
adjective of the appropriate
degree of comparison :-
1) Alexander was one of the greatest
(great) king who ever lived.
2) Very few countries are as rich
(rich) as America.
3) An airplane flies faster (fast) than
birds.
4) Some beans are atleast as
nutritious (nutritious) as meat.
5) This cathedral is one of the
biggest
( big) in South India.
6) Martin is more industrious
(industrious) than any other boy in
the class.
7) Gold is one of the most precious
(precious) metals.
8) Solomon was wiser ( wise) than
any other king.
9) Few historians write as well (well)
as Macaulay.
10) Very few books are
as popular( popular) as David
Copperfield.

Ex.II) Underline the adjectives

and write its degree of
comparison:-
1) He left his country to pursue
higher education. Comparative
degree.
2) This is the tastiest bread I have
ever had. Superlative degree.
3) He was angry with the postman. –
Positive Degree.
4) Zara is the best student of our
class. – Superlative Degree.
5) A wise enemy is better than a
foolish friend. - Comparative
Degree.
 Verbs
A verb is a word which denotes an
action that is performed by the
subject. Verbs can denote action
(what a person does), being (what a
person is) and possession (what a
person has).
For example:-Helping verbs are :- is,
am ,are, has, have, was ,were. Doing
verbs are: – dance, jump, sing, play,
swim etc.
Sonam dances.
He is walking on the street.
Rohan has a small car.
Some major rules of verbs:-
 When the Noun is Singular, the
verb is also Singular.
 When the Noun is Plural, the verb
is also Plural.
 The Singular Noun takes a Singular
verb and a Plural Noun takes a
Plural verb.
 A singular verb is one that has an
s added to it in the present tense,
such as writes , plays ,runs and
uses forms such as is,
was ,has ,does. A plural verb does
not have an s added to it, such as
 write, play, run and uses forms
such as are, were ,have and do.
For example:- The girl sings well.
(Singular)
The girls sing well. ( Plural)

Verbs are of different kinds:-

 Transitive and Intransitive
Verbs
 Incomplete Verbs and
Complements

1) A verb that transfers the action

from the doer to the receiver object
is transitive verb.
Example :- The girl pulled bucket
of water.
2) The verb that has no transfer of
action to the receiver as the doer
 or subject does receives the action
is intransitive verb.
Example:- It rains, She
smiles, etc.
3) Such verbs, which do not make
complete sense, but require some
word or words after them for this
purpose, are incomplete verb.
Example:- A thief always lives in
fear.
4) The word or phrase required to
form a complete predicate is called
the compliment.
Example:-My sister seemed
upset.
Exercises:-
Q.I) Choose the correct verbs
from those in the bracket to
complete this sentences:-
1) Rita runs a mile every day.
(run/runs)
2) The dogs bark all night.
(barks/bark)
3) My father takes me to the circus
on a weekend.( takes/ take)
4) Sheela wants to be a Police
Officer when she grows up.
(want/wants)
5) My mother purchases vegetables
from the market.
(purchase/purchases)
6) The shopkeepers open their
shops at 9:00 a.m. ( open/ opens)
7) Cheetahs run very fast. (run/runs)
8) They listen to their favourite
songs. (listen/ listens)
9) The rich man lives in a big
bungalow.( live/ lives)
10) The boys make a lot of noise in
the class.( make/ makes).
Q.II) Pick out the verbs in the
following sentences and identity
the Transitive Verb and
Intransitive verb:-
1.I enjoy listening to pop music. –
Transitive Verb.
2. Paris is the capital of France. –
Intransitive Verb.
3. Adele is a popular singer. –
Intransitive Verb.
4. John built a treehouse for his son.
– Transitive Verb.
5. I had pancakes for breakfast. –
Transitive Verb.
6. Everyone danced at the concert.
– Intransitive Verb.

Q.III) Underline the Transitive or

Intransitive Verbs in the
following sentences:-
1. The rider suddenly stopped the
bike.
2. River flows downwards.
3. The lion is roaring in the jungle.
4. We should avoid travelling
alone.
5. Do you know a tutor who can
teach us French.
6. He worked very hard but failed
to pass the examination.
 Chapter -14
The Tense
The tense of a verb denotes the time
of the action.
There are three types of tenses.
They are :-
 Present Tense
  Past Tense
 Future Tense
The present tense is used to
describe things that are happening
right now or things that are
continuous.
The past tense is used to describe
things that have already happened
( e.g. earlier in the day, yesterday,
last week, three years ago).
The future tense describes things
that are yet to happen (e.g. later,
tomorrow next week, next year, three
years from now).
Some instructions of using verb ‘be’,
‘do’ and ‘have’:-
The verb ‘be’
Verbs Simpl Simpl Simple
 e e past future
prese tense tense
nt
tense
I Am Was Will/
shall be
We Are Were Will be
You Are Were Will be
He,she, Is Was Will be
it
They Are Were Will be

The verb ‘do’

Verbs Simple Simple Simple

presen past future
t tense tense tense
I Do Did Shall/
will do
We Do Did Shall/
will do
You Do Did Will do
He, Does Did Will do
she, it
They Do Did Will do

The verb ‘ have’

Verb Simpl Simpl Simple

s e e future tense
prese past
nt tense
tense
I Have Had Shall have/
will have
We Have Had Shall have /
will have
You Have Had Will have
He, Has Had Will have
She,
it
The Have Had Will have
y
Exercises:-
Q.I) Fill in the blanks with the
present tense form of the be
verb ( is ,am ,are):-
1) I ____ very interested in the new
project.
2) Vinita _____ my friend since class
2.
3) _______ this your book?
4) I _______ going to meet my granny
today.
5) _______ you aware of this poem
written by William Shakespeare?
6) India ________ a secular country.
7) The children _______ studying for
their exams.
8) The boy ______ very mischievous.
9) The cats _______ fighting for food.
10) ______ you sure what you said is
true?
Answers :-
1) Am
2) Is
3) Is
4) Am
5) Are
6) Is
7) Are
8) Is
9) Are
10) Are

Q.II) Read the following

sentences and use has/have/had
appropriately:-
1) I ______ rabbits when I was young.
2) Do you want to ______ an ice
cream?
3) The lion ______ a big mane.
4) My parents _______ gone to a
party a few days back.
5) The man next door _____ an
accident yesterday.
6) India has many states.
Answers:-
1) Had
2) Have
3) Has
4) Have
5) Had
6) Has
Present tense
 Simple present tense
 Present continuous tense
 Present perfect tense
STRUCTURE OF PRESENT TENSE
TENSE STRUCTUR EXAMPLE
E
Simple Subject + He plays
present verb + s,es football.
tense + object
Present Subject He is writing
continuo +am/is are a letter now.
us tense + verb +ing
+ object
Present Subject+ I have just
perfect has/ have + completed
tense verb ( past my work.
participle)+
object

1) Simple Present Tense:- It is

used to describe action that is
regular, true or normal.
Example:- The moon shines at
night.

Formation of Simple Present

tense:--
 The third person singular
(He ,she, It ) takes -s or - es
after the verb.
E.g. plays, dances,
swims.
 In 1st person singular and 2nd
person singular ( I, we,
you ,they) the verb will not
change.
E.g. play, dance,
swim.
 The verb does not change in
1st ,2nd and 3rd plural forms ( We,
you ,they).
 E.g. We play, They dance,
We swim.

Structure of Positive or
Affirmative Sentences:-
Subject + base form of the verb (s)
For example:-
1) Ram plays football.
2) Students go to school.
Structure of Negative Sentences:-
Subject + do/does + not + base form
of the verb
For example:-
1) Ram does not play football.
2) Students do not go to school.
Structure of Interrogative
Sentences:-
Do/Does + subject + base form of the
verb
Wh - word + do/does + subject + base
form of the verb
For example:-
1) Does Ram play football?
 2) Do students go to school?
Exercise I – Fill in the blanks with
the simple present tense form of
the verbs given in brackets:-
1)The Principal wants to speak to Raj.
(want)
2) The Earth revolves around the
Sun. (revolve)
3) The baby cries all day. (cry)
4) The flight leaves at 8 o’clock in the
morning. (leave)
5) The nurse takes care of my
grandfather. (take care)
6)There comes the topper of our
school.(come)
7)I get up at 7:00 a.m. every day.
(get)
8) If it rains today, we will get stuck.
(rain)
9) My granny cooks delicious lasagne.
(cook)
10)The boys study hard to get good
grades. (study)
Exercise -II) Go through the
following sentences and
transform the affirmative
sentences into negative
sentences:-
1. I like watching movies.
2. They finished the project.
3. You are clever.
4. My friends and I are going on a
trip together.
5. Leah works at the pharmacy.
6. This story is incomplete.
Answers:-
 1. I do not like watching movies.
2. They did not finish the project.
3. You are not clever.
4. My friends and I are not going
on a trip together.
5. Leah does not work at the
pharmacy.
6. This story is not incomplete.
2) Present Continuous Tense:- It
shows an on - going activity that is in
progress at this moment .The activity
would have started in the past and will
go on in the future for sometime.
For example:-
a) The boys are playing hockey.(
action happening now)
b) More and more people are
becoming vegetarian. ( action
happening, but not necessarily at this
very moment)
c) I’m working overseas for the next
two weeks. ( action happening in the
near future especially for plan future
events)
Structure of Positive Sentences:-
Subject+ is/are/am + present
participle form of the verb + ing
For example:-
The children are laughing loudly.
Structure of Negative Sentences:-
Subject + is/are/am+ not + present
participle form of the verb + ing
For example:-
These roses are not yellow.
Structure of Interrogative
Sentences:-
Is/Are/Am + subject + present
participle form of the verb + ing
Wh-word + is/are/am+subject+
present participle form of the verb +
ing (wh-question)
For example:-
Are they coming here ?
Why is he going there?
Exercise- 1) Fill in the blanks with
the present continuous form of
the given verbs:-
1) I _____ to watch a movie at
Inox. (go)
2) The baby ___ with her
mother. (giggle)
3) The boys ____ in the pond.
(swim)
4) Sima ____ for her dance
performance. (practise)
 5) My mother ____ a sweater for
my sister. (knit)
6) The chef ____ his famous
ravioli. (cook)
7) The teacher ____ the
students. (teach)
8) I ____ Aladdin and the Magic
Lamp. (read)
9) The man ____ a Royal Enfield.
(ride)
10) The boys ___ everyone
present at the party. (annoy)

Answers :-
1) I am going to watch a movie at
Inox. (go)
2) The baby is giggling with her
mother. (giggle)
3) The boys are swimming in the
pond. (swim)
4) Sima is practising for her
dance performance. (practise)
5) My mother is knitting a
sweater for my sister. (knit)
6)The chef is cooking his famous
ravioli. (cook)
7) The teacher is teaching the
students. (teach)
8) I am reading Aladdin and the
Magic Lamp. (read)
9) The man is riding a Royal
Enfield. (ride)
10) The boys are annoying
everyone present at the party.
(annoy)

Exercise - II) Read the

sentences in different tenses
and change them into present
continuous tense:-
 1) He goes to play in the park.
2) COVID affects our lungs.
3) I ate a cheeseburger.
4) The Prime Minister will visit the
school.
5) The mason was building this
tower.
6) Riya spoke at the inter-school
competition.
Answers :-
1) He is going to play in the park.
2) COVID is affecting our lungs.
3) I am eating a cheeseburger.
4) The Prime Minister is visiting
the school.
5) The mason is building this
tower.
6) Riya is speaking at the inter-
school competition.
3) Present Perfect tense :-It is
used to talk about an action that
 started at some time in the past
and is still continuing.
 happened at some unknown
time in the past but it’s not
important (or not known) when
it happened.
Example:
a) I have travelled abroad two
times. (time of action is not known)

b) I have just seen your brother in

the mall. (action completed in the
very recent past)

c) I have been a teacher for more

than ten years. (action started in
the past and continued up to now)
We also use the present perfect
tense to talk about something that
has happened over some time.
For example:-
Vishal has grown taller since last
year.
Structure of Positive
Sentences:-
Subject+ has/have + past
participle form of the verb (V3)
Fox example:
I have cut my finger.

Structure of Negative
Sentences:-
Subject + has/have + not + past
participle form of the verb (V3)
Fox example:
We haven’t seen Jai since Friday.
 Structure of Interrogative
Sentences:-
Has/Have+subject+ past participle
form of the verb ( V3)
Wh-word + has/have + subject +
past participle form of the verb(V3)
Fox example:
a) Have you read Harry Potter?
b) What have you eaten for
breakfast?
For the present perfect tense, we
usually use the words:- For and
since.
Example:-
a) We have known our neighbours
since 2019.
b) We have lived here for ten years.
Some examples of past participle
are:- Closed, painted, talked, cried
laughed, rung, bent, kept, broken,
eaten etc.
Exercise -1) Fill in the blanks with
present perfect tense using the
verb form given in the brackets:-
1. The boys ……………….. in
their answer sheets. (hand)
2. The people ……………….. the
city. (desert)
3. I …………………. Confirmation
of the news. (receive)
4. We …………………. In this city
for twenty years. (live)
5. She ………………… the first
prize for her stupendous
performance. (win)
6. The boys ………………… their
meals. (eat)
 7. The lions ……………….. the
bison. (kill)
8. The police ……………… the
smugglers. (arrest)
9. The child …………………. His
homework. (do)
10. I ……………… the table.
(lay)
Answers:-
1. The boys have handed in their
answer sheets.
2. The people have deserted the
city.
3. I have received confirmation of
the news.
4. We have lived in this city for
twenty years.
5. She has won the first prize for
her stupendous performance.
 6. The boys have eaten their
meals.
7. The lions have killed the bison.
8. The police have arrested the
smugglers.
9. The child has done his
homework.
10. I have laid the table.

Past Tense

• Simple Past tense

• Past Continuous tense
STRUCTURE OF PAST TENSE
Tense Structure Example
Simple Past Subject He visited
Tense +verb( pas the zoo
t form) + yesterday.
Object
Past Subject+ He was
Continuous was/ were writing a
tense + verb + letter then.
ing +
Object

1) Simple Past Tense :- It Is

used to represent an action/event
that took place in the past. With
many verbs, the simple past
tense is formed by adding an ‘ed’
or a ‘d’ to the end of the base
verb.
For example:-
Reena studied many hours
everyday.
We use expressions of time and
some past habit in this form of
 tense like :- yesterday, last
week, last month,
generally ,usually ,everyday,
always ,often and sometimes.

Structure of Positive Sentences:-

Subject + past form of the verb ( V2)
For example:-
We went to the London last month.
Structure of Negative Sentences:
Subject + did + not + base form of
the verb ( V1)
For example:
Anil did not play cricket yesterday.
Structure of Interrogative
Sentences:
Did + subject + base form of the verb(
V1)
Wh- word + did + subject + base form
of the verb ( V1)
For example:
Did Malini call him a week ago?
Where did Raghu go to celebrate his
wedding party?

Exercise -1) Write down the

correct form of the verb given in
the bracket to make a sentence
into the simple past tense:-
1) You _________ my window’s
glass. (break)
2) I _____ something near that
place. (see)
 3) He _____ from London
sometimes ago. (come)
4) She ______ an iPhone. (buy)
5) He ________ anyone yet for the
mission. (not/choose)
6) Our soldiers _____ the battle.
(win)
7) He ______ on the table all day.
(stand)
8) His head ______ to the door.
(strike)
9) I ______ about this earlier. (hear)
10) The birds _____ away in the sky.
(flying)
Answers:-
1) You broke my window’s glass.
(break)
2) I saw something near that
place. (see)
3) He came from London some
time ago. (come)
4) She bought an iPhone. (buy)
5) He did not choose anyone yet
for the mission. (not/choose)
6) Our soldiers won the battle.
(win)
7) He stood on the table all day.
(stand)
8) His head struck the door.
(strike)
9) I heard about this earlier. (hear)
10) The birds flew away in the sky.
(flying)
Exercise -1) Change this
sentences into Interrogative
simple past tense:-
1) We made a cake for you.
2) She didn’t study in the library ?
3) You went to the bed early.
4) They watched the movie
yesterday.
5) They didn't have dinner last
night.
6) The police didn’t find any clues.
Answers:-
1) Did we make a cake for you?
2) Did she study in the library?
3) Did you go to the bed early?
4) Did they watch a movie
yesterday?
5) Did they have dinner last
night?
6) Did the police find any clues?

2) Past Continuous tense :- It

describes actions or events that
were continuing at a point of time
 in the past. In other words, it
expresses an unfinished or
incomplete action in the past.
For example:
We were watching TV last evening.
(action was in progress at a special
time in the past)
While I was reading, mother was
cooking.
(two actions were happening at the
same time, the actions don’t influence
each other)
We were having dinner when the bell
rang.
(together with the simple past)
Structure of Positive Sentences:-
Subject + was/were + present
participle form of the verb + ing
For example:
I was wondering if you could give
me a lift.
Structure of Negative Sentences:-
Subject + was/were + not + present
participle form of the verb + ing
For example:
You were not dancing.
Structure of Interrogative
Sentences:-
Was/Were + subject + present
participle form of the verb + ing
Wh-word + was/were + subject +
present participle form of the verb +
ing
For example:
Were they playing here?
Why was he roaming in the class?
Exercise -I) Use the Past
continuous form of the verbs
given in the brackets and fill in
the blanks:-
1. I ………………… (get) dressed
when the door bell rang.
2. She ……………… (cook)
dinner when the guests arrived.
3. The students ……………………
(write) their exam.
4. The child ………………… (cry)
for the toy.
5. The lights went out when I
……………….. (do) my
homework.
6. Dad ……………….. (drink) tea
when the newspaper boy
arrived.
 7. The dogs ………………….
(bark) loudly.
8. The wind …………………
(blow) fiercely.
9. I ………………….. (knit) a
sweater when my puppy took
away the ball of wool.
10. The birds …………………
(sing) sweetly.
Answers:-
1. I was getting dressed when
the door bell rang.
2. She was cooking dinner
when the guests arrived.
3. The students were writing
their exam.
4. The child was crying for the
toy.
5. The lights went out when I
was doing my homework.
6. Dad was drinking tea when
the newspaper boy arrived.
7. The dogs were barking
loudly.
8. The wind was blowing
fiercely.
9. I was knitting a sweater
when my puppy took away the
ball of wool.
10. The birds were singing
sweetly.
Exercise -II ) Use Simple Past
Tense or Past Continuous
Tense in the following
sentences:-
1. Malik _____ (board) the train
when it stopped.
2. The phone ____ (ring) while I
_____ (have) dinner.
3. It _____ (rain) heavily last
night.
4. As she _____ (get) into the
bus, someone _____ (pick) her
pocket.
5. She ______ (sleep) when I
_____ (call) on her.
6. Her father ______ (buy) her a
new car last week.
7. The conductor ______ (tell)
him that he ______ (travel) in the
wrong direction.
8. His father ______ (work ) in a
restaurant in Dubai.
9. Ramesh _____ (have) a walk
when someone _____ (attack)
him.
10.She ______ (cut) her finger
while she ______ (cut) the
vegetables.
Answers:
1. Was boarding
2. Rang, was having
3. Rained
4. Was getting, picked
5. Was sleeping, called,
6. Bought
7. Told, was travelling
8. Was working
9. Was having, attacked
10. Cut, was cutting

Future tense
 • Simple Future tense
• Future Continuous tense
STRUCTURE OF FUTURE TENSE
Tense Structure Example
Simple future Subject+ He will go to
tense shall/will+ his friend’s
verb + object house
tomorrow.
Future Subject+ He will be
Continuous shall/will + writing a
tense be + verb + letter.
ing + object

1) Simple future tense :- It is

used to indicate an action that
is yet to take place in future.
The simple future tense is
expressed by adding will or
shall to the sentence before
the base form of the verb .
Example – I will work on this
project tomorrow. (Promise)
We will win the match.
(Prediction based on
experience)
Note:-We use will instead of
shall with I and We when there
is a promising condition .
We use expressions of time like
tomorrow, next week or next
month with the simple future
tense.
Structure of Positive
Sentences:-
Subject+will/shall base form of
the verb (V1)
For example:
I hope he will get the job.
Structure of Negative
Sentences:-
Subject + will/shall + not + base
form of the verb ( V1)
For example:
Jen will not quit before she
reaches her goal.
Structure of Interrogative
Sentences:-
Will/Shall subject + base form of
the verb (V1)
For example:
Wh-word + will/shall + subject +
base form of the verb(V1)
Will you play football
tomorrow?
Whom shall I go to meet
today?
Exercise-I ) Write down the
correct form of the verb given in
the bracket to make a sentence
into simple future tense:-
1) The audience _________ after
this magic trick. (clapped)
2) What will you do, if I
___________ you to this hospital?
(admitted)
3) Don’t panic, she __________
this t-shirt from the dryer.
(dried)
4) He ____________ a pilot within
a week. (not/become)
5) I ________ all the fruits on the
table. (eaten)
6) I ________ this toy by
tomorrow.( bought)
7) They __________ to hangout
near the beach. (gone)
8) ____ you _______ me?
(married)
9) She __________ me in the
seminar hall. (hugged)
10) This dress __________ my
body. (fitted)
Answers:-
1) The audience will clap after
this magic trick. (clapped)
2) What will you do, if I will
admit you to this hospital?
(admitted)
3) Don’t panic, she will dry this
t-shirt from the dryer. (dried)
4) He will not become a pilot
within a week. (not/become)
5) I will eat all the fruits on the
table. (eaten)
 6) I will buy this toy by
tomorrow. (bought)
7) They will go to hang out
near the beach. (gone)
8) Will you marry me?
(married)
9) She will hug me in the
seminar hall. (hugged)
10) This dress will fit my body.
(fitted)
Exercise -II) Change this
sentences into positive form of
the future tense:-
1) The manager will not plant trees
in front of the office building.
2) Melissa will not wear jeans at
her party.
3) We will not worry about the bad
weather.
 4) I will not swim in this lake.
5) You will not reach the vase on
the shelf without a ladder.
Answers:-
1) The manager will plant trees in
front of the office building.
2) Melissa will wear jeans at her
party.
3) We will worry about the bad
weather.
4) I will swim in this lake.
5) You will reach the vase on the
shelf without a ladder.

2) Future Continuous Tense:-

It expresses an action that will
be going on at a certain time
in the future.
For example:-
Shiv will be meeting us next
week.
Structure of Positive
Sentences:
Subject + will/shall + be +
present participle form of the
verb+ ing
For example:
I shall be staying there till
Saturday.
Structure of Negative
Sentences:
Subject + will/shall + not + be
+ present participle form of the
verb+ ing
For example:
He will not be spending his
holidays in Darjeeling.
 Structure of Interrogative
Sentences:
Will/Shall + subject + be +
present participle form of the
verb+ ing
Wh-word + will/shall + subject +
be + present participle of the
verb+ ing
For example:
Will she be attending the
conference ?
What will you be giving me on
my anniversary?

Exercise -I) Complete the

sentences with the verbs in
brackets. Use the future simple or
future continuous tense:-
1) I can buy it for you if you want. I
_______( shop) In the afternoon
anyway.
2) I hope Simon ______ ( be) there.
3) I’ll have a holiday next week.
I________ ( not get up) at 6 o’clock
as usual.
4) Everybody _________ ( work)
when you arrive at the office.
5) We _________ ( move) in our
new house by next morning.
6) Your suitcase is so big. I
__________ ( take) it for you.
7) __________ (you- sleep) when I
return? I want to have a word with
you.
8) I can tell Steve about your
problem. I________ (talk)to him
anyway.
9) You _______(earn) a lot of money.
10) You _______( travel) around the
world
Answers:-
1) Will be shopping
2) Will be
3) Will not be getting up
4) Will be working
5) Will be moving
6) Will take
7) Will you be sleeping
8) Will be talking
9) Will earn
10) Will travel

Chapter -22

Modals
 A modal or modal verb is a type of
auxiliary (helping) verb that is used
to express ability, possibility,
permission, obligation, etc. Modals
modify the meaning of another verb
in the sentence.
Some following modal verbs are:-
Can, could, may, might, must,
should and would
Uses of Modal Verb:-
 Can is used to show ability and It is
also used to ask permission.
For example:
1) He can sing very well.
2) Can we take another route?
 Can’t is used to show absence of
ability.
 For example: They can’t write
properly.
 Could is used to talk about what
was possible in the past. Could is
more formal and polite than can.
Could is used to ask for permission
formally.
For example:
1) She could dance in her youth.
2) Could we meet again
tomorrow?
 May is used to ask or give
permission in a formal way.
 May not is used to deny
permission in a formal way.
For example:
1) May I borrow your pen?
2) You may take it.
3) That may not sound pleasing.
  Might and Might not is used
when we are not sure about
something in the present or
future.
For example:
1) She might be in the kitchen.
2) He might not become a doctor.

• Must and Must not are used to

make suggestions forcefully. They
are used to talk about an obligation
or a necessity.
For example:
1) You must do your duty.
2) We must not go in a
stranger‘s car.
  Should is used to give advice,
or to talk about what is
generally right or wrong.
For example:
1) You should help the poor
2) We should respect our
parents.

• Would is used to make a polite

request or to offer an invitation.
For example:
11) Would you please wait for
me?
12) Would you like coffee?

Exercise 1 ) Fill in the gaps using

appropriate modal verbs:-
1) I __ cook dinner for everyone
tonight. (can/could)
2) __ you lend me your car for the
weekend? (could/may)
3) The boss __ ask you to work
overtime today. (might not /will)
4) According to the forecast, it __
rain later this evening.
(might/should)
5) They________ speak English
before they went to school. ( Could
not / must )
6) Everyone __ obey the law.
(must/should)
7) It __ be challenging to learn a
new language. (can/must)
8) You ___ arrive on time for the
meeting. (should/must)
9) We ___ respect our elders.
(should/could)
10) Everyone __ pay their taxes.
(must/should)
Answers:-
1) Can
2) Could
3) Might not
4) Might
5) Could not
6) Must
7) Can
8) Must
9) Should
10) Must
Exercise- II ) Choose the correct
modal verb used in the following
sentences:-
1) My friend (can/must) play the
guitar very well.
2) You really (shouldn’t / would)
criticize him so much.
 3) We ( mustn’t/ could) speak
when the teacher’s speaking.
4) I (could/may) need assistance in
moving these boxes.
5) I (may not / should) be able to go
for swimming.
6) He (must /cannot) ride a bike.
7) Jessica (should/must) revise her
notes before the exam.
8) (Can/May) you join us for
dinner?
9) It looks nice, but it ( may not /
might not) be very expensive.
10) I (might/must) be running late
due to traffic.
Answers:-
1) Can
2) Should not
3) Must not
 4) Could
5) May not
6) Can not
7) Should
8) Can
9) Might not
10) Might

Chapter -23
Subject -Verb
Agreement

A verb must agree with its subject in

number and person. Nouns and
pronouns are singular number if they
refer to one thing. They are plural in
number if they refer to more than one
thing.
Subjects and verbs must agree in the
following ways:
 If the subject is singular (one
person or one thing), the verb
must be singular.
For example:
A good student does her homework
on time.
Javed calls his manager every day.
My brother is very naughty.
 If the subject is plural (more
than one person or thing), the
verb must be plural.
For example:
All good students do their homework
on time.
The employees call their manager
every day.
My cousins are very naughty.
 If the sentence has compound
subjects (more than one
subject) joined by ‘and’, the
verb is usually plural.
For example:
Ellis and John are twins.
The beginning of the story and the
end of the story were exciting.

Read the following table to

understand how a verb changes
its form to agree with the subject.
Subject Verb Verb Examples
I Am ,hav Was I am a girl.
e Had I have a
phone.
I was
dancing.
I had a toy.

He, Is, has Was, She is a

she ,it / had cricketer.
singular It has a new
noun TV.
It was my
idea.
Rahul had a
bat.

We , Are, Were , They are /

You ,They / have had were
plural playing.
noun They have/
had friends.
  If a collective noun expresses an
idea of oneness, the verb is
singular. If the individuals of the
collection are referred to, the
verb is plural.
For example:
The jury has elected its president.
(Singular)

The jury were divided in their

opinions.
(Plural)
 Sometimes, the title of a book
looks like a plural noun.
However, it is the title of one
book, so it always takes a
singular verb
For example:
The Three Musketeers is an
adventure novel.
 ‘News’ is singular, so it takes a
singular verb, as do the names
of subjects and some illnesses.
For example:
This news is shocking.
Mathematics is an interesting subject.

Exercise -1) Choose the correct

form of the verb that agrees with
the subject:-
1. Annie and her brothers (is,
are) at school.
2. Either my mother or my
father (is, are) coming to the
meeting.
 3. The dog or the cats (is,
are) outside.
4. George and Tamara
(doesn’t, don’t) want to see
that movie.
5. Benito (doesn’t, don’t)
know the answer.
6. One of my sisters (is, are)
going on a trip to France.
7. The movie, including all
the previews, (take, takes)
about two hours to watch.
8. The players, as well as the
captain, (want, wants) to
win.
9. Either answer (is, are)
acceptable.
10. Nobody (know, knows) the
trouble I’ve seen.
Answers:-
1. Annie and her brothers are
at school.
2. Either my mother or my
father is coming to the meeting.
3. The dog or the cats are
outside.
4. George and Tamara don’t
want to see that movie.
5. Benito doesn’t know the
answer.
6. One of my sisters is going on
a trip to France.
7. The movie, including all the
previews, takes about two
hours to watch.
8. The players, as well as the
captain, want to win.
9. Either answer is acceptable.
10. Nobody knows the trouble
I’ve seen.
 Chapter -26
Active and Passive
Voice
In English, all sentences are written in
either of the two voices-active voice
or passive voice. The voice of a
sentence tells us whether the subject
in a sentence is performing an action
or receiving an action.
  When the subject is the
performer or doer of the action,
the verb is in active voice.
Example:-
Atul and Arushi took care of the
injured puppy.
Here the subject Atul and Arushi are
the doers of the action and perform
the action of taking care. When the
subject performs an action, the
sentence is in the active voice.
• When the subject of the sentence is
the receiver of the action, the verb is
in passive voice.
Now, let us reverse the positions of
the subject and the object.
Example:-
The injured puppy was taken care of
by Atul and Arushi.
The subject Atul and Arushi are now
the receivers of the action and do not
perform the action of taking care.
When the subject receives an action,
the sentence is in the passive voice.

In passive voice, we use the past

participle form of the verb along
with a suitable form of the auxiliary
be.
Examples:
Active :- The chef will serve dinner
at five o’clock. (subject =doer =The
chef, object = dinner)
Passive :-Dinner, will be served at
five o’clock by the chef. (subject=
Dinner, doer= the chef)

Points to be noted:-
 Only Transitive verbs can be
expressed in the passive voice.
 Intransitive verbs cannot be
expressed in the passive voice.
 When a sentence is changed
from the active form to the
passive form, the object of the
active verb becomes the subject
of the passive verb.
Let us learn about variations in
the active and passive sentences
in some major tense forms.
 1) Sentence Structure in
Simple Present :- Active : the
base form of the verb (+s/es)
Passive : is/are/am + past
participle(V3) form of the verb.
For example:
Active: He plays hockey.
Passive: Hockey is played by him.

2) Sentence Structure in
Present Continuous Tense :-
Active :- is/are/am + -ing form of
the verb
Passive :- is/are/am + being + past
participle(V3) form of the verb
For example:
Active:- Esha is singing a song.
Passive:- A song is being sung by
Esha.

3) Sentence Structure in
Present Perfect Tense:-
Active: has/have + past
participle(V3) form of the verb
Passive: has/have + been + past
participle(V3) form of the verb
For example:

Active :- Amit has broken my

window.
Passive :- My window has been
broken by Amit.
 4) Structure in Simple Past
Tense
Active :- past tense of the verb
Passive :-Was/were + past
participle(V3) form of the verb
For example:
Active:- The boy asked a difficult
question.
Passive :- A difficult question was
asked by the boy.
5) Structure in Past Continuous
Tense:-
Active:- Was/were + -ing form of the
verb
Passive:- was/were + being + past
participle(V3) form of the verb
For example:
Active:- Steve Jobs was painting a
picture.
Passive: A picture was being
painted by Steve Jobs.

6) Structure in Simple Future

Tense:-
Active:- will/shall + base form of
the verb
Passive :- will/shall + be + past
participle ( V3) form of the verb
For example:
Active :- They will finish the work
tomorrow.
Passive:- The work will be finished
tomorrow by them.
Exercise -I) Change the below-
mentioned sentences from Active
Voice to Passive Voice:-
1. The puppy licked the bowl .
2. The insect bit the little girl .
3. The Boss played cricket .
4. Mr. Shyam teaches French .
5. Seema draws the sketch .
6. They revamped the hotel .
7. The student is studying the
course .
8. Father baked the cookies on the
weekend .
9. Have you completed your
assignment ?
10. She has mastered the subject of
design .
Answers:-
 1. The bowl was licked by the
puppy .
2. The little girl was bitten by the
insect .
3. Cricket was played by the boss .
4. French is taught by Mr. Shyam .
5. The sketch is drawn by Seema .
6. The hotel was revamped by
them .
7. The course is being studied by
students .
8. The cookies were baked on the
weekend by Father .
9. Has the assignment been
completed by you ?
10. The subject of design has been
mastered by her.

Exercise -II) Change the following

sentences into active voice:-
 1. A letter was written last
night.
2. John and Grace were invited
to the party by me.
3. The new student in class will
be helped by me.
4. The house was being cleaned
by my brother when I came
home.
5. The trees were being cut
when the police came.
6. You will be forgiven by the
teacher.
Answers:-
1. She wrote a letter last night.
2. I invited John and Grace to the
party.
3. I shall help the new student in
the class.
4. My brother was cleaning the
house when I came home.
5. They were cutting the trees
when the police came.
6. The teacher will forgive you.
 Composition

1) Write a composition on
the following topic:-

Science – Blessing or Curse

Science has made a great progress

in our age. It has made our life
easy and civilised. It has made
wonderful progress. It has turned
the world to a beautiful land. Early
men did not know how to grow
food. Soon people learnt how to
plough land. Science taught them
to grow more food . Mother need
not labour hard in her kitchen to
cook food for the family. She can
keep the food in the fridge. We
have fans to beat the heat. We can
light, cool and heat our houses and
offices with the help of machines.
The lift takes us to the high rise
offices and help us to avoid the
steps of stairs. In the office we
used stationery, stamps, pens and
paper- all our products of science.
Science has made the travel
comfortable and speedy. We have
now trains, planes, cars to carry us
safely to distance places in a short
time. Science has given us means
of education and enjoyment-TV,
video, radio, etc. Science has
given eyes to the blind, legs to the
lame and ears to the deaf. Science
has now helped us to improve our
health and live longer. Diseases
which are incurable in the past can
be cured now. Science can
diagnose the disease hidden in
human body. If we are ill , we have
medicine to get relief of the pain.

Machines like crane can

lift heavy loads and reduce the
burden of the worker. Scientific
invention like computer has taken
plenty of work of human brain.
Computer has brought speed and
correctness in our work. Science
has made probe in the space
possible. It has taken man to a
great height. Thus man who once
lived in the cave has now landed
on the moon.

Science has, of course,

worked as a curse in some cases.
People have produced powerful
weapons. Lakhs of people were
killed in Japan by two atom bombs.
Everyday hundreds of men meet
with car accidents throughout the
world. Science has no doubt, given
us prosperity. But it has taken away
peace .Science has taken our soul
in our mad race for material
success .So some people look upon
science as a curse.
 2) Write a composition
on the following topic:-
Discipline

Discipline is being obedient and

having self-controlled behaviour in
order to follow orders of higher
authority. Discipline is of great
importance in our lives, and it is
needed in every walk of life. It is
required by everyone who needs to
work on any project seriously.
Everything in the universe or
nature is in order. Discipline
teaches us to maintain this order. If
we do not obey and follow the
orders, rules of the superiors, we
would definitely suffer problems
and face failure. Without discipline
there will be complete chaos and
disorder around us. Discipline is
necessary in every walk of life. A
Family cannot stay together if the
members fail to maintain the
rules. An army cannot march on or
win the battle if the soldiers are
not disciplined and obedient to the
commander. A school cannot run
well if the students are
indisciplined . A good school means
a school where the students are
well disciplined. A teacher cannot
teach chaotic class. No play is
possible if the players fail to follow
the rules of the game. We must
always obey the orders of our
parents and teachers to be
successful in our lives. We should
never disrespect our parents. We
should get up from bed early in the
morning, and after completing our
daily morning chores of freshing
up, brushing and bathing, we must
take a sumptuous and a healthy
breakfast. We should never go to
school without taking food. Our
homework should be done in a
clean and neat way at the right
time.

Punctuality defines
discipline, thus we must reach our
school on time dressed smartly and
properly in school uniform. In the
classroom, we should pray to God
according to the school norms. We
should follow the teacher’s orders,
do our class work in good
handwriting and learn everything in
right manner. We must not
misbehave with the teachers,
principal, maids, peons or students.
We should behave well with all,
whether at home, school, office or
other places. No one can achieve
anything big in the life without
discipline. So, discipline must be
maintained at any cost. Thus, we
all should follow instructions of our
parents and teachers to be a
successful person in the life.
Homework:-
Write a composition on ‘The
most important day of my life’.

Picture composition

C.W.
Write a Picture Composition
based on the following
picture:-
A Birthday Party
It is a birthday party. The room has
been decorated very nicely with
balloons and ribbons for birthday
party. The birthday girl is cutting
the cake. Her mother and her
friends are standing next to her
and they are clapping and enjoying
the birthday party a lot and her
mother is helping her in cutting the
cake. Her friends are wearing
birthday caps and colourful dresses
. Her father is clicking pictures. A
food stall has been organised in
order. A lady is serving the food. A
boy is having an ice-cream in his
hand. Children are having fun in
the birthday party. They are
dancing and enjoying very much.
Homework –
Write a picture composition
based on the following
picture:-
Refer to pg no :- 34 from Super
comprehension book -5
Doctor in the Storeroom
 Letter Writing
Formal Letter
Write a letter to the Editor of a
newspaper about the reckless
driving in your locality.

The Editor
Times of India
Kolkata -700001
14th October, 2024
Subject: Raising Concern About
Reckless Driving
Respected Sir/Ma’am,

I would like to respectfully bring the

issue of an increasing number of
cases of reckless driving every day
to the notice of the concerned
authorities and the general public
through the column of your
prestigious newspaper.

Driving recklessly is a common

cause of accidents. The majority of
accidents are caused by speed
freaks who then flee the scene,
leaving the injured and distraught.
They knock someone to the ground
and then run away before anyone
can write down the number and
model of their automobiles. They
no longer possess any human
decency and believe that the road
is their private property. Careless
drivers pass on from the left side to
overtake while breaking all traffic
laws. They have no understanding
of traffic signals. Traffic lights and
other things are just some mere
jokes for them. The fines levied for
irresponsible driving are too low to
have any real impact. The time has
come to punish offenders severely.
After striking someone, a careless
driver who speeds off should be
required to serve at least one year
in a cell after being apprehended
by authorities.

I will be very grateful if you would

consider giving my opinions a
pertinent spot in your esteemed
daily newspaper.
Thanking You
Yours Sincerely,
Prem Gupta
S.N. Banerjee Rd
Kolkata – 700014

Informal letter

Write a letter to your friend

who just met with an accident
informing him about his speedy
recovery in a consoling tone in
about 120-150 words.
129, Navyug Apartments
Rajarhat
Kolkata -700059
15th November, 2024
Dear Rudra,
I hope this letter finds you in the
best of spirits. When I visited last
week, you seemed a little bit
depressed.
Come on boy, you should thank
God for giving you a fresh lease of
life. Everything is going to be fine
very soon. I even talked to your
doctor this morning and he told me
that you are out of danger now.

You will have to remain in the

hospital for a few more days but
that is not something you should
be concerned about. Your family
and friends are there for you.
Don’t forget that life is a mixture of
joys and sorrows. By the way, all of
us have decided to celebrate your
recovery as soon as you come
home you will be throwing a party
the day you come back home from
the hospital. Hope to see you soon.
My parents and younger sister
have sent you lots of love and
wishes.

Wish you a speedy recovery!

Yours lovingly
Manav
Address:
____________________.

Homework

1) Write a letter to your

friend Rudra inviting him
to spend the summer
vacation at your place in
Mumbai.

2) Write a letter to your

Principal requesting him
to grant you leave on
account of your sister’s
marriage.