GD GOENKA INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
NOIDA EXTENSION
CLASS 12
COMPUTER SCIENCE
CHAPTER 3. FUNCTIONS
1. Function is a collection of statements which is made to perform a
specific task.
2. To execute a function, we have to call it in the program.
3. Instead of writing a large program, we can write small functions as a
specific part of program to accomplish the task.
4. Once written a function can also be used in other programs as library
functions.
5. Functions can be categorized in three types:
a. Built- in
b. Modules
c. User Defined
Built- In Functions:
i. Type Conversion Functions: The functions which
converts the values from one type to another line int (),
str (), float ().
ii. Input Function: It is used to take input from user in the
form of string.
Example: x= input (‘Enter your name:’)
iii. eval Function: It is used to evaluate the value of a string.
Example: x= eval (‘55+10’)
print (x) (Output: 55)
iv. min Function: It returns the smallest value among given
list of values.
v. max Function: It returns the biggest value among given
list of values.
vi. abs Function: It returns the absolute value of any integer
which is always positive.
vii. type Function: Used to identify the type of any value or
variable.
viii. round Function: Returns the rounded number of given
number up to given position.
ix. len Function: Returns the length of given string.
x. round Function: Returns the rounded number of given
number up to given position.
xi. range Function: Used for loop. Range (start, stop, step)
User Defined functions: We use def keyword to prepare a user
defined function.
def Function_name (List of Parameters):
‘docstring’
Statement (s)
Parameters and Arguments in Functions:
• When we write header of any function then the one or more values
given to its parenthesis () are known as parameter.
• These are the values which are used by the function for any specific task.
• While argument is the value passed at the time of calling a function.
• In other words, the arguments are used to invoke a function.
• Formal parameters are said to be parameters and actual parameters are
said to be arguments.
Scope of Variable:
• Scope of variable means the part of program where the variable will be
visible. It means where we can use this variable.
• We can say that scope is the collection of variables and their values.
• Scope can be of two types:
▪ Global (Module): All those names which are assigned at top
level in module or directly assigned in interpreter.
▪ Local (Function): Those variables which are assigned within
a loop of function.
Flow of execution at the time of function call:
• The execution of any program starts from the very first line and this
execution goes line by line.
• One statement is executed at a time.
• Function doesn’t change the flow of any program.
• Statements of function doesn’t start executing until it is called.
• When function is called then the control is jumped into the body of
function.
• Then all the statements of the function get executed from top to bottom
one by one.
• And again, the control returns to the place where it was called.
• And in this sequence the python program gets executed.
