Database Questions and Answers
### Questions
#### Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. What is the primary goal of a database architecture?
a) Speed up internet browsing
b) Describe database concepts and structure
c) Design websites
d) Replace client-server communication
2. The simplest DBMS architecture where all components reside on the same machine is called:
a) 2-tier architecture
b) 1-tier architecture
c) 3-tier architecture
d) N-tier architecture
3. In a client/server architecture, the client module is responsible for:
a) Data storage
b) User interaction and application interfaces
c) Database recovery
d) Network communication
4. What terminology was proposed by ANSI/SPARC in 1975 for database architecture?
a) Two-level approach
b) Four-schema architecture
c) Three-schema architecture
d) Unified model
5. Which data model organizes data in a tree structure with parent-child relationships?
a) Relational data model
b) Hierarchical data model
c) Network data model
d) Object-oriented data model
#### True/False Questions
6. The ANSI-SPARC architecture explicitly separates user applications from the physical database.
7. A logical schema describes the physical representation of data in storage devices.
8. A conceptual schema represents the overall logical structure of a database for users.
9. The relational data model does not use tables to represent data.
10. Physical data independence ensures that changes in physical storage structures do not affect
the conceptual schema.
#### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
11. The _________ data model is based on mathematical relations and represents data in tables.
12. The process of transforming requests and results between internal, external, and conceptual
schemas is called _________.
13. A _________ describes the actual physical storage of data in memory.
14. The DBMS achieves data independence through the use of _________ architecture.
15. A record in a hierarchical data model corresponds to a _________ in a tree structure.
#### Short-Answer Questions
16. What are the advantages of using a 3-tier architecture in DBMS?
17. Define logical data independence.
18. List the major types of data models described in the document.
19. What are the components of the relational data model?
20. Explain the main disadvantage of a hierarchical data model.
### Answers
1. b) Describe database concepts and structure
2. b) 1-tier architecture
3. b) User interaction and application interfaces
4. c) Three-schema architecture
5. b) Hierarchical data model
6. True
7. False
8. True
9. False
10. True
11. Relational
12. Mapping
13. Internal schema
14. Three-level
15. Node
16. Advantages include separation of user applications and the database, supporting program-data
independence, and multiple views of data.
17. Logical data independence means changes to the conceptual schema do not affect external
schemas or application programs.
18. Record-based, object-based, and physical data models.
19. Tables (relations), integrity rules, and manipulative operations (queries).
20. Disadvantages include complexity in implementation, lack of structural independence, and data
management problems.
