National Forensic Sciences University
School Of Behavioral Forensics
Name: Sujal Dhania
Course: BA MA Criminology Sem II
Roll No.: 0123009000003020
Subject: Introduction to Forensic Science and law
Faculty: Dr. Swikar Lama
In order to support judicial investigations and proceedings, the broad area of
forensic science applies scientific concepts. The numerous forensic science
units each have a focus on a certain kind of evidence, and they are all vital to
the criminal justice system. An outline of the main concepts, procedures, and
roles in forensic science are given in this study.
Firearms and Ballistics Unit
The Firearms and Ballistics unit investigates evidence related to firearms
and ammunition. This includes analyzing bullets, cartridge cases, gunshot
residues, and firearms themselves. Ballistic experts can determine the type
of weapon used, the trajectory of a bullet, and the distance from which a shot
was fired. They also perform serial number restoration on firearms to trace
ownership.
Digital Forensics Unit
Digital forensics deals with the recovery and investigation of data from
electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, and networks. This unit
is crucial in cybercrime investigations, including hacking, fraud, and identity
theft. Digital forensic experts use tools to recover deleted files, analyze
digital footprints, and trace cyber activities to perpetrators.
Forensic Document Examination Unit
The Forensic Document Examination unit focuses on the authenticity and
origin of documents. This includes handwriting analysis, detecting forgeries,
analyzing inks and papers, and identifying alterations.
Polygraph Examination Unit
The Polygraph Examination unit, often referred to as the lie detection unit,
uses polygraph machines to assess the truthfulness of individuals during
interrogations. A polygraph test measures and records several physiological
indicators such as blood pressure, pulse, respiration, and skin conductivity
while the subject answers a series of questions. The underlying principle is
that deceptive answers will produce physiological responses that can be
detected by the polygraph
Crime Scene Investigation Unit
The Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) unit is often the first to arrive at a
crime scene. Their primary responsibilities include securing the scene,
documenting it through photographs and sketches, and collecting physical
evidence. This evidence can include anything from biological samples
(blood, hair, and bodily fluids) to physical objects (weapons, clothing, and
personal items). The CSI unit must ensure that evidence is collected,
preserved, and transported without contamination, as it is crucial for
subsequent analysis in the lab.
Alcohol Blood Analysis Unit
The Alcohol Blood Analysis unit is an essential component of forensic
toxicology, focusing on the detection and quantification of ethanol (alcohol)
in blood samples. This type of analysis is crucial in cases involving
suspected alcohol impairment, such as driving under the influence (DUI),
workplace accidents, and criminal investigations.
Narcotics Analysis Unit
The Narcotics Analysis unit is a critical component of forensic science,
focusing on the identification and quantification of controlled substances.
This unit plays a vital role in law enforcement and the judicial system by
analyzing drugs seized in criminal investigations, providing crucial evidence
for prosecutions, and helping to identify and curb drug abuse.
Fingerprint Analysis Unit
The Fingerprint Analysis unit is a vital component of forensic science that
specializes in the detection, collection, and analysis of fingerprints to
identify individuals involved in criminal activities. Fingerprints are unique
to each person, making them an invaluable tool for linking suspects to crime
scenes, victims, and objects.
Conclusion
Forensic science encompasses a wide range of specialized units, each
equipped with specific skills and technologies to analyze various types of
evidence. The integration of these units ensures a comprehensive approach
to criminal investigations, enabling law enforcement to solve crimes more
effectively and ensure justice is served.
