Mod 8 Test Practice

1. MULTIPLE CHOICE Blake wants to open an ice cream shop. He is creating a survey for local people near the planned location to determine if there is
interest in a new ice cream shop before he completes his plans. Which question from the survey is biased?

A. How many times per month do you go out for ice cream?
B. What is your favorite ice cream flavor?
C. What time of the day do you typically visit an ice cream shop?
D. Would you visit a new, tasty and local ice cream shop instead of an old, dirty shop with few flavors to choose from?

SOLUTION:

Answer choice D encourages a certain response. The phrases “new, tasty, and local” and “old, dirty” suggests that the people surveyed should choose the
new ice cream shop.

ANSWER:
D. Would you visit a new, tasty and local ice cream shop instead of an old, dirty shop with few flavors to choose from?

2. TABLE ITEM Two researchers are discussing ways of determining children’s favorite breakfast cereals.

Shelly says that the randomly selected participants should be asked a series of questions about their cereal eating.
Raul says that they should watch the students selecting from different cereals and write down what they notice.

Indicate what type of study that each of the researchers is suggesting.

Observational
Researcher Survey Experiment
Study
Shelly
Raul

SOLUTION:

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Observational
Researcher Survey Experiment
Study
Shelly X
Raul X

Shelly's method is a survey because data are collected from responses given by members of a group regarding their characteristics, behaviors, or opinions.
Raul's method is an observational study because participants are observed without being affected by the study.

ANSWER:

Observational
Researcher Survey Experiment
Study
Shelly X
Raul X

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3. MULTIPLE CHOICE In an effort to survey the student population about possible themes for the spring prom, the student council separates the students
into 4 groups by grade level and then chooses 25 students from each grade. Which sampling method did the student council use?
A. Stratified
B. Convenience
C. Systematic
D. Self-selected
SOLUTION:
This is a stratified sample because students are grouped by grade level.

Answer A is the correct choice.

ANSWER:
A. Stratified

4. MULTIPLE CHOICE Leonard randomly selected a card from a deck, recorded the suit, and returned the card. He followed this set of steps 120 times.
The results are shown.

Suit Frequency
Heart 28
Diamond 37
Spade 34
Club 21

Which statement about the results is true?

A. The theoretical probability of selecting a heart is less than the experimental probability of selecting a heart.
B. The theoretical probability of selecting a diamond is less than the experimental probability of selecting a diamond.
C. The experimental probability of selecting a club is greater than the theoretical probability of selecting a club.
D. The experimental probability of selecting a heart is equal to the experimental probability of selecting a diamond.

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SOLUTION:

The theoretical probability is what is expected to happen. Because a deck of cards has 4 suits each with 13 cards, each suit has a chance of

being the result. Thus, the theoretical probability is , or 25%.

Suit Frequency
Heart 28
Diamond 37
Spade 34
Club 21

The experimental probability is based on the data collected from the experiment. Because cards were selected 120 times and 37 of those resulted in a
diamond, the experimental probability is , or 31%.

The correct answer choice is B.

ANSWER:

B. The theoretical probability of selecting a diamond is less than the experimental probability of selecting a diamond.

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5. MULTIPLE CHOICE The quality control manager of a food processing manufacturer estimates that 1 can in every case of 12 canned vegetables will
likely become damaged during shipment. Determine a simulation that best represents the situation.

A. Use a random number generator with the numbers 1 through 12.

B. Use 12 play cards including 4 kings, 4 queens, and 4 jacks.
C. Use two dice, where tossing two ones represents a dented can.
D. Use a set of 12 marbles with 6 red and 6 blue.
SOLUTION:

Use a random number generator where 1 represents the damaged can and 2–12 represent undamaged cans.

The correct answer choice is A.

ANSWER:
A. Use a random number generator with the numbers 1 through 12.

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6. OPEN RESPONSE A football player makes 70% of the field goals he attempts. Diana used a random number generator to generate integers 1 through
100. The integers 1–70 represented a made field goal on the next attempt, and the integers 71–100 represented a missed field goal on the next attempt.
The simulation consisted of 50 trials, with 42 trials being integers 1–70. Explain the data. Is the data from the simulation consistent with the model?
SOLUTION:

Sample answer: 42 of the 50 trials, or 84%, resulted in a made field goal on the next attempt. According to this simulation it is highly likely that the football
player will make the next field goal. The data is not completely consistent with the model, but if a larger number of trials were done, it might correlate more
closely.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: 42 of the 50 trials, or 84%, resulted in a made field goal on the next attempt. According to this simulation it is highly likely that the football
player will make the next field goal. The data is not completely consistent with the model, but if a larger number of trials were done, it might correlate more
closely.

7. TABLE ITEM Zain is analyzing two sets of data.

Set A Set B
35 28 35 33 32 22 26 26 24 27
32 31 30 36 49 38 35 31 22 30
36 33 29 34 37 24 33 30 25 38

Indicate what is true about each data set.

has a higher
Data Set is more varied
average value
A
B

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SOLUTION:

Step 1: Find the mean and standard deviation of the distributions.

Measures of center and spread are used to compare symmetric distributions of data.

Using a TI-84 calculator, enter the data for Set A in L1 and the data for Set B in L2. To display the statistics, press STAT, access the CALC menu, and
select 1-Var Stats. For Set A, enter L1 and press ENTER again. For Set B, enter L2 and press ENTER again.

Set A Set B

Step 2: Compare the distributions.

For Set A, the mean is 34 and the standard deviation is 4.76. This means that Set A has a higher average value.

For Set B, the mean is 28.7 and the standard deviation was 5.19. This means Set B is more varied.

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ANSWER:

has a higher
Data Set is more varied
average value
A X
B X

8. OPEN RESPONSE Catherine is growing several tomato plants. She measures the height of each plant. The results are shown.

Tomato Plant Heights (inches)

13 10 12 14
14 18 16 12
16 14 14 11
12 15 15 10

Find and interpret the standard deviation of the plant heights.

SOLUTION:

Step 1: Find the mean, μ.

The mean plant height is 13.5 inches.

Step 2: Find the squares of the differences, (μ – xn)2.

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(13.5 – 13)2 = 0.25

(13.5 – 10)2 = 12.25
(13.5 – 12)2 = 2.25
(13.5 – 14)2 = 0.25
(13.5 – 14)2 = 0.25
(13.5 – 18)2 = 20.25
(13.5 – 16)2 = 6.25
(13.5 – 12)2 = 2.25
(13.5 – 16)2 = 6.25
(13.5 – 14)2 = 0.25
(13.5 – 14)2 = 0.25
(13.5 – 11)2 = 6.25
(13.5 – 12)2 = 2.25
(13.5 – 15)2 = 2.25
(13.5 – 15)2 = 2.25
(13.5 – 10)2 = 12.25

Step 3: Find the sum of the values from Step 2.

0.25 + 12.25 + 2.25 + 0.25 + 0.25 + 20.25 + 6.25 + 2.25 + 6.25 + 0.25 + 0.25 + 6.25 + 2.25 + 2.25 + 2.25 + 12.25 = 76

Step 4: Divide by the number of values.

Step 5: Take the square root of the variance.

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13.5 – 2.2 = 11.3

13.5 + 2.2 = 15.7

Sample answer: The mean, or average, height is 13.5 inches and the standard deviation is about 2.2 inches. This means that the majority of the plants are
within the range of 11.3 inches to 15.7 inches.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: The mean, or average, height is 13.5 inches and the standard deviation is about 2.2 inches. This means that the majority of the plants are
within the range of 11.3 inches to 15.7 inches.

9. MULTI-SELECT Kent owns a shop and has workers that produce products during two different shifts throughout the day. He kept track of how many
products each group completed during their shift for several days. The data are shown.

A Shift Production B Shift Production

250 207 232 263 245 255
278 264 247 249 264 262
244 288 258 277 270 268

Describe Kent’s data. Select all that apply.

A. On average, the A shift produced more products.
B. On average, the B shift produced more products.
C. The number of products produced by the A shift is more varied.
D. The number of products produced by the B shift is more varied.
E. When shifts A and B are combined, they have a higher average and less variation than either shift by itself.

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SOLUTION:

Step 1: Find the mean and standard deviation of the distributions.

Measures of center and spread are used to compare symmetric distributions of data.

Using a TI-84 calculator, enter the data for before the season in L1 and the data for after the season in L2. To display the statistics, press STAT, access
the CALC menu, and select 1-Var Stats. For before the season, enter L1 and press ENTER again. For after the season, enter L2 and press ENTER
again.

A Shift Production B Shift Production

[insert intermediate art [insert intermediate art
of Calc Screen] of Calc Screen]

Step 2: Compare the distributions.

A Shift Production has a mean of 252 and standard deviation of 22.8. B Shift Production has a mean of 261.4 and standard deviation of 9.6. This means
that on average, the B shift produced more products and the number of products produced by the A shift is more varied.

Answers B and C are correct.

ANSWER:
B. On average, the B shift produced more products.
C. The number of products produced by the A shift is more varied.

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10. OPEN RESPONSE A normal distribution has a mean of 347.2 and a standard deviation of 13.9.

Part A What percent of the data is less than 319.4?

Part B What percent of the data is greater than 361.1?

SOLUTION:

a. 319.4 is 2σ below the mean which means 2.5% of the data is below 319.4.
b. 361.1 is 1σ above the mean which means 2.5 + 13.5 or 16% of the data is greater than 361.1.

ANSWER:
a. 2.5
b. 16

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11. OPEN RESPONSE A normal distribution has a mean of 63.4 and a standard deviation of 2.5. Find the range of values that represent the outer 0.3%.
SOLUTION:

a. By the Empirical Rule, the middle 99.7% of the data in a normal distribution is under the curve between the interval [μ − 3σ, μ + 3σ]. So, the range of
values that represent the outer 0.3% will be x < μ − 3σ and x > μ + 3σ.

μ − 3σ = 63.4 − 3(2.5) = 55.9

μ + 3σ = 63.4 + 3(2.5) = 70.9

So, x < 55.9 and x > 70.9

ANSWER:
x < 55.9 and x > 70.9

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12. MULTIPLE CHOICE Hiroyuki randomly surveyed 325 students asking how much time they spent getting ready for school in the morning. The average
time spent was 26 minutes with a standard deviation of 5.8 minutes.

Use a 90% confidence interval to find the maximum error of the estimate of time (in minutes) spent getting ready for school. Round to the nearest
hundredth.

A. 0.22
B. 0.26
C. 0.53
D. 0.63
SOLUTION:

Step 1: Identify the z-value.

A 90% confidence interval is equivalent to the area under the normal curve in the range (–1.645, 1.645).

Step 2: Find the maximum error of the estimate.

So, we can say with 90% confidence that the mean time students spend getting ready for school is within 0.53 minutes of the sample mean time.

C is the correct answer.

ANSWER:
C. 0.53

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13. OPEN RESPONSE A restaurant randomly surveyed 360 of their patrons asking if they would like the restaurant to stay open later. A total of 273 people
responded that they would appreciate the later hours. Using a 95% confidence interval, estimate the population proportion and explain what it means.
SOLUTION:

The confidence interval is the interval defined by ± E.

− E = 0.7583 − 0.0442 = 0.7141

+ E = 0.7583 + 0.0442 = 0.8025

Sample answer: At a 95% confidence level, I am confident that the proportion of patrons that would like to see the restaurant stay open later is between
71.41% and 80.26%.

ANSWER:

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Sample answer: At a 95% confidence level, I am confident that the proportion of patrons that would like to see the restaurant stay open later is between
71.41% and 80.26%.

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14. MULTIPLE CHOICE A national business has randomly surveyed 12 employees asking whether the employees would prefer to work on Thanksgiving.
The business reports that with 95% confidence the proportion of people that would prefer to work on Thanksgiving is between 33% and 45%, with a
margin of error of 6%. Identify any misleading representations of the data.
A. The report is not misleading.
B. The confidence level is too low.
C. The confidence level is stated in a misleading way.
D. The sample is too small to use a confidence level.

SOLUTION:

The sample size is 12. The business claims that the proportion is 0.45 with a margin of error of 6%. So, = 0.39 and . =
12 ⋅ 0.39, or 4.7 and = 12 ⋅ 0.61, or 7.32. Since ≤ 5 and ≥ 5, the sample size is too small to use a confidence interval.

ANSWER:
The sample size is too small to use a confidence interval.

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