Application of AI

Robotic processing automation (RPA)

Robotic processing automation (RPA) and primitive forms of AI used in conjunction with automation got
their start early in the 1990s and 2000s, quickly taking over industries such as manufacturing. RPA,
which is as much a service as a technology, proves most useful for back-office functions. It focuses on
deploying virtual workforces of software robots to process routine tasks. The ability to automate high-
volume, repeatable tasks is attractive in the financial sector, because it allows mortgage and banking
professionals to conduct credit checks and allows insurance agents to more efficiently and accurately
process claims in a hands-off manner. Chatbots are a relatively new phenomenon in terms of market
awareness, but the ability to chat with computers is decades old. Advances in natural language
processing and artificial intelligence are leading the conversational revolution, and we’re experiencing
mass-market excitement and hype around the automation, chatbots, and AI. Early developer-led
experiments yielded mixed results, but didn’t account for the end-to-end components needed to build
chatbots that work for diverse user populations, tasks, communication channels and enterprise systems,
nor how they’d protect and manage chatbots throughout their lifecycle. Nevertheless, more mature
chatbots and bot platforms are proving themselves highly useful for both frontend and backend use
cases - from providing customers with great sales and service experiences to simplifying and
streamlining an organization’s supply chain processes.

RPA is a tool or method of automating manual, time-consuming, and complex, rule-based workflows
using software robots. These software robots, which are traditionally used for back-end administrative
IT work, can perform various tasks and transactions in databases, enterprise systems, and websites
more efficiently than humans and other automation solutions by reducing cycle times. They are often
used to either replace the people who interact these applications, or replace the responsibility to
interact with them. Examples of tasks alleviated by RPA robots:

• Field entry

• Copy & pasting

• Logging in and out of applications

• Database queries

• Screen scraping

• Web service invocations.

How it Works RPA software products are typically composed of three fundamental elements: •
Developer tools to model business processes • A robot controller to handle the prioritization of
workflows • A software robot template or framework to actually carry out the tasks and transactions.

The Benefits of RPA

Like chatbots, RPA can be a powerful tool for digital transformation by providing the following benefits:

• Reduce labor & operational costs: Frees up employees to focus on higher-level work and optimizing
resources. Allows for the elimination of lower-level positions that primarily focus on functions such as
data input and output or data rekeying. • Increase processing speed: Reduces average transaction times
by handling repetitive tasks across multiple systems. Helps accelerate digital transformation programs. •
Improve customer experiences: Reduces avoidable errors that frustrate customers and can lead to faster
service times. Enables employees to focus on complex issues that may require human intervention. •
Extend service hours: RPA bots, and processes, can be run 24/7 at a fraction of the cost of human
workers. Software robots can also set aside exceptions for later human attention and continue working.
• Reduce human errors: Minimizes or eliminates common mistakes via the standardization of processes.
Increases business continuity and enhances disaster recover since processes can be switched to other
servers when needed.
The Limitations of RPA Despite the benefits of RPA and similar solutions for the enterprise,
automation is not always the right choice. Common disadvantages or weakness of RPA include:

• Employee support/morale: Fear of layoffs and redundancy can hinder operations and increase
employee and institutional knowledge attrition.

• Complex nonlinear processes: Automating processes that are too variable, unpredictable, or
infrequent can raise the complexity and cost of associated robot algorithms and subsequent
deployments. Human touch points may still be required, but not all products offer assisted or semi-
automated processes.

• Error creep: Since most RPAs automatically execute the instructions found within scripts or business
objects, errors can replicate hundreds or thousands of times before the problem is spotted and
corrected.

• Management challenges: While some RPA solutions provide dashboards for supervising robot queues
and workflows, managing thousands of bots executing transactions across an enterprise presents a
challenge. Especially since it is common to have many robot instances executing the same business
processes in different locations.

• Hidden costs: Some RPA solutions require additional Virtual Machines (VM) or Virtual Desktop
Infrastructures (VDI), which raises the virtualization/OS cost for each new bot or process after the initial
go-live. Scaling may cost more than originally anticipated.

Chatbots
A chatbot is basically a program that’s designed to talk to you and collect information from your
conversation. Depending on how it’s developed or how intelligently it’s been built, a bot can use that
information to do things for you, such as book you a flight, suggest personalized offers or promotions,
pass you along to a human in times of frustration, based on how you’d like the bot to help. Common
examples of chatbots for customer use include providing one-to-one guidance, triaging customer service
and support requests, assisting in the completion of transactions or data entry, the delivery of right-
time, right-fit offers and promotions, and much more.

How it Works Chatbots are typically composed of (#) fundamental elements that serve to provide rich
conversational interfaces for customers and employees:

• Tasks

• Channels

• NLP & Speech

• Intelligence

The Benefits of Chatbots

AI-rich chatbots facilitate intelligent dialogue between people and systems and provide the following
benefits:

• Enhance digital: Create higher-value purchases and service interactions for your customers. Chatbots
can access more customers and open new sales outlets.

• Reduce app fatigue: Sync brands and systems with the communication channels customers already
use. Help customers by cutting down on the number of apps and interfaces that must be mastered.

• Unlock efficiencies: Minimize manual, resource-intensive business and supply chain processes.

• Simplify complex interfaces: Form-intensive interfaces can be broken down into easily digestible,
natural language driven conversations via popular communication channels such as websites, email,
SMS, messaging platforms, and more.

• Streamline work: Let employees get routine tasks done in less time, with communication tools they
know and love - enhancing productivity and efficiency. Allows for better resource allocation and
decreases calls and emails to support services. • Reduce communication overload: Decrease firstline
support calls and emails. Allows for better resource allocation, faster support, and better user
experiences. Chatbots provide 24/7 customer support and immediate answers. • Provide
comprehensive visibility: Analytics generated from chatbots can provide unmatched visibility into
customer and employee behavior.

The Limitations of Chatbots

While the benefits of chatbots are vast, there are some disadvantages associated and common mistakes
made. Common weaknesses of chatbots include:

• Use cases are endless: Identifying valuable use cases that solve a real problem can take a lot of effort,
and there’s typically more than one way to get there. Partnerships may be important for developing
high-value use cases.

• Not all bots are created equal: Developers can quickly build bots, with or without experience, effective
tools and frameworks are key to creating successful chatbots.

• Narrowness: Many chatbots, like software robots, are designed to perform a few similar tasks or a
single exact tasks. This can quickly lead to either complex bots or a plethora of bots. Universal bots that
can coordinate the work of multiple other bots can solve this issue.

• Security & compliance: Personally identifiable information and business data may be at risk unless the
chatbot is designed and implemented with the right level of encryption, authentication and auditability,
which is only in true enterprise-grade secure development platforms.
 ChatGPT and RPA (Robotic Process Automation) are two distinct technologies with different
purposes and capabilities.

1. ChatGPT:
 ChatGPT is a type of conversational AI powered by natural language processing and machine
learning. It can understand and generate human-like text responses to text-based inputs or
queries.
 It is typically used for tasks such as answering questions, providing recommendations,
generating text content, and engaging in natural language conversations with users.
 ChatGPT does not perform automated tasks in the same way that RPA does. It's primarily
focused on understanding and generating text, and it's not designed to interact with
software applications or systems directly.
2. RPA (Robotic Process Automation):
 RPA is a technology that uses software robots or bots to automate repetitive, rule-based
tasks in business processes. These tasks can include data entry, data extraction, form filling,
and other manual and repetitive operations.
 RPA bots interact with software applications and systems in a way that mimics human
actions, such as clicking, typing, and navigating user interfaces. They are used to streamline
and automate business processes, reducing human intervention and errors.
 RPA is not designed for natural language understanding or generation; instead, it focuses on
automating tasks in a structured and rule-based manner.

In summary, ChatGPT is a conversational AI tool for natural language understanding and generation,
while RPA is a technology for automating repetitive, rule-based tasks in business processes by
interacting with software applications. They serve different purposes and are used in different
contexts. However, there can be cases where both technologies are integrated to enhance the
capabilities of automation systems with natural language interaction.

NLP stands for Natural Language Processing

NLP stands for Natural Language Processing, which is a subfield of artificial
intelligence (AI) that focuses on the interaction between computers and human
language. NLP technologies enable computers to understand, interpret, and generate
human language in a valuable way. This field encompasses a wide range of tasks and
applications, including:

1. Text Analysis: NLP can be used to analyze and extract information from textual data,
such as sentiment analysis, text summarization, and keyword extraction.
2. Speech Recognition: Converting spoken language into written text, which is used in
applications like virtual assistants (e.g., Siri, Alexa) and transcription services.
3. Machine Translation: Translating text from one language to another, as seen in tools
like Google Translate.
4. Chatbots and Virtual Assistants: NLP is the technology behind chatbots and virtual
assistants that can interact with users in natural language, answering questions,
providing information, or performing tasks.
5. Information Retrieval: NLP helps search engines understand and retrieve relevant
information based on a user's query.
6. Sentiment Analysis: Determining the sentiment or emotion expressed in a piece of
text, which is used for market research and customer feedback analysis.
7. Text Classification: Categorizing text into predefined categories, such as spam
detection or news article classification.
8. Named Entity Recognition (NER): Identifying and classifying entities mentioned in
text, such as names of people, organizations, locations, or dates.
9. Language Generation: Generating human-like text, which is used in applications like
content generation and chatbot responses.

NLP relies on a combination of machine learning techniques, linguistic knowledge, and

large datasets to achieve its goals. It has numerous real-world applications in fields like
healthcare, finance, customer support, content generation, and more, making it a rapidly
evolving and important area of AI research and development.

Image processing
Image processing is a field of computer science and digital technology that focuses on
the manipulation and analysis of digital images. It involves a wide range of techniques
and algorithms to enhance, transform, or extract information from images. Image
processing is widely used in various applications, including computer vision, medical
imaging, remote sensing, and multimedia.

Here are some key aspects and techniques in image processing:

1. Image Acquisition: The process of capturing digital images from various sources such as
cameras, scanners, or sensors.
2. Preprocessing: This step involves tasks like noise reduction, contrast enhancement, and
image resizing to improve the quality of the image before further analysis.
3. Image Enhancement: Techniques like histogram equalization, contrast stretching, and
sharpening are used to improve the visibility of image features.
4. Image Restoration: Involves techniques to recover the original image from degraded or
noisy versions. Deconvolution and Wiener filtering are common methods.
5. Image Compression: To reduce the storage and transmission requirements, images can
be compressed using methods like JPEG and PNG.
6. Image Transformation: Geometric transformations like rotation, scaling, and translation
can be applied to an image.
7. Feature Extraction: Identifying and extracting specific features or objects within an
image, such as edges, corners, or regions of interest.
8. Image Segmentation: Dividing an image into meaningful regions or objects.
Segmentation is often a critical step in object recognition and tracking.
9. Object Detection: Identifying and localizing specific objects or patterns within an image.
Object detection techniques are commonly used in computer vision applications.
10. Pattern Recognition: Recognizing patterns or objects within an image based on
predefined criteria or models. This is a fundamental component of many machine
learning and AI applications.
11. Image Registration: Aligning two or more images to the same coordinate system, which
is useful in medical imaging, remote sensing, and computer vision.
12. Filtering: Applying various filters, such as Gaussian filters or edge detection filters, to
enhance specific features or characteristics in an image.
13. Morphological Operations: These include operations like dilation and erosion to process
binary and grayscale images.
14. Color Image Processing: Techniques for manipulating and analyzing color images,
including color correction, color space conversion, and color-based object recognition.
15. Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): Modern image processing
often involves deep learning methods, especially CNNs, for tasks like image
classification, object detection, and segmentation.

Image processing plays a crucial role in a wide range of applications, including medical
diagnosis, satellite image analysis, facial recognition, augmented reality, and more. It
continues to evolve with advances in hardware and software technologies, enabling
more sophisticated and real-time image analysis.

Speech recognition
Speech recognition, also known as automatic speech recognition (ASR) or voice
recognition, is a technology that converts spoken language into written text or other
machine-readable data. It's a subfield of artificial intelligence and natural language
processing that has a wide range of applications. Here's how speech recognition works
and some of its common uses:
 How Speech Recognition Works:

1. Audio Input: Speech recognition begins with an audio input, which can be captured
through a microphone or another recording device.
2. Acoustic Signal Processing: The audio signal is processed to extract features such as
the amplitude, frequency, and duration of sound waves. This process may include noise
reduction, filtering, and other techniques to enhance the quality of the audio.
3. Phoneme Recognition: The processed audio is divided into smaller units called
phonemes, which are the smallest distinctive sound units in a language. Automatic
speech recognition systems analyze the phonemes in the audio.
4. Language Modeling: The system uses language models to identify words and phrases
based on the phonemes and context. Language models consider the probability of
different words and phrases occurring in a particular sequence.
5. Decoding: The system matches the phonemes to possible words and phrases,
considering the language model and the acoustic data. This process may involve
statistical algorithms, deep learning, and neural networks.
6. Output Generation: The recognized text is generated as the output of the speech
recognition system.

Common Uses of Speech Recognition:

1. Transcription Services: Speech recognition software is often used to transcribe spoken

language into text. This can be helpful for converting recorded interviews, meetings, or
dictation into written documents.
2. Voice Assistants: Virtual voice assistants like Siri, Google Assistant, and Amazon Alexa
use speech recognition to understand and respond to voice commands and questions.
3. Accessibility: Speech recognition technology helps individuals with disabilities, such as
those with mobility impairments or visual impairments, to interact with computers and
other devices.
4. Customer Service and IVR Systems: Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems in call
centers use speech recognition to understand and route customer requests.
5. Language Translation: Speech recognition can be used to automatically translate
spoken language into another language, facilitating cross-language communication.
6. Dictation Software: Professionals, such as medical practitioners and writers, use speech
recognition for dictation, which can significantly speed up the process of creating
written documents.
7. Voice Commands in Smart Devices: Many smart devices, including smart TVs,
thermostats, and home automation systems, can be controlled using voice commands
via speech recognition technology.
8. Security and Authentication: Speech recognition is employed as a biometric
authentication method, verifying a person's identity based on their unique voice
characteristics.
9. Automated Subtitling and Captioning: Speech recognition is used to generate
subtitles and closed captions for video content, making it accessible to people with
hearing impairments.

Speech recognition technology has advanced significantly in recent years, thanks to

developments in machine learning and deep learning, particularly with the use of neural
networks. However, it still faces challenges, especially in handling diverse accents, noisy
environments, and complex language contexts. Researchers continue to work on
improving the accuracy and reliability of speech recognition systems.