Somaiya Vidyavihar University

K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai -77

Applied Mathematics - I

SOME PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1. Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.

2 −4 9 2 8 6 3𝑎 2𝑏 2𝑐
(i) 14 7 13 (ii) 0 4 4 (iii) 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎
3 5 11 2 10 12 3𝑐 3𝑎 3𝑏

1 0 5 3
2𝑎 3𝑏 2𝑐
−2 1 6 1
(iv) −𝑏 𝑐 3𝑎 (v)
3 2 7 1
3𝑐 3𝑎 2𝑏
4 −4 2 0
2. Express the following matrices as the sum of a Hermitian and a skew-Hermitian matrix.

2+𝑖 −𝑖 3+𝑖 1+𝑖 2 − 3𝑖 2

(i) 1+𝑖 3 6 − 2𝑖 (ii) 3 − 4𝑖 4 + 5𝑖 1
3 − 2𝑖 6𝑖 4 − 3𝑖 5 3 3−𝑖
3𝑖 −1 + 𝑖 3 − 2𝑖
(iii) 1+𝑖 −𝑖 1 + 2𝑖
−3 − 2𝑖 −1 + 2𝑖 0
2𝑖 −3 1−𝑖
3. Express the matrix 𝐴 = 0 2 + 3𝑖 1 + 𝑖 as 𝑃 + 𝑖𝑄 where P and Q are Hermitian
−3𝑖 3 + 2𝑖 2 − 5𝑖
matrices.

2 2+𝑖 −2𝑖
4. Express the Hermitian matrix 𝐴 = 2 − 𝑖 3 𝑖 as 𝑃 + 𝑖𝑄 where P is real
2𝑖 −𝑖 1
symmetric and Q is real skew-symmetric matrix.

2𝑖 2+𝑖 1−𝑖
5. Express the skew-Hermitian matrix 𝐴 = −2 + 𝑖 −𝑖 3𝑖 as 𝑃 + 𝑖𝑄 where P is
−1 − 𝑖 3𝑖 0
real skew-symmetric and Q is real symmetric matrix.

4 3 − 2𝑖 −1 + 𝑖
6. Express the Hermitian matrix 3 + 2𝑖 2 5 + 4𝑖 as B + iC where B is real
−1 − 𝑖 5 − 4𝑖 7
symmetric and C is real skew symmetric.

2i 3+i 2−i
7. Express the skew - Hermitian matrix −3 + i 0 6i as P + iQ where P is real
−2 − i 6i −2i
skew – symmetric and Q is real symmetric.

1 2 −2
8. Verify that the matrix A is orthogonal, where A = 2 1 2 and find A .
2 −2 −1
`

Module2: Rank of Matrix KJSCE Page 27 of 30

 Somaiya Vidyavihar University
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai -77
Applied Mathematics - I

9. Show that following matrices are orthogonal.

cosθ 0 sinθ cos∅ 0 sin∅
(i) 0 1 0 (ii) sinθ. sin∅ cosθ −sinθ. cos∅
−sinθ 0 cosθ −cosθ. sin∅ sinθ cosθ. cos∅
10. Find a, b, c and 𝐴 if the matrix A is orthogonal where A is

1 2 a −8 4 𝑎 𝑎 1 𝑏
(i) 𝐴 = 2 1 b (ii) 𝐴= 1 4 𝑏 (iii) 𝑐 𝑏 7
2 −2 c 4 7 𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑐

11. Are the following matrices orthogonal? If not, can they be converted to an orthogonal
matrix? If yes, how?
2𝑖 −3 1−𝑖 2 2 1
(i) 𝐴= 0 2 + 3𝑖 1 + 𝑖 (ii) 𝐵 = −2 1 2
−3𝑖 3 + 2𝑖 2 − 5𝑖 1 −2 2

cos𝜙 −sin𝜙 0
12. Verify that the matrix 𝐴 = sin𝜙 cos𝜙 0 is orthogonal and hence find its inverse.
0 0 1
α β −γ
13. Determine the values of , , γ when the matrix given by A = α −2β 0 is
α β γ
orthogonal.
0 2𝑚 𝑛
14. If 𝐴 = 𝑙 𝑚 −𝑛 is an orthogonal matrix, determine 𝑙, 𝑚, and 𝑛. Hence find 𝐴 .
𝑙 −𝑚 𝑛
Also find rank A, rank 3A, rank 𝐴 .
−2 1 2
-1
15. Prove that 𝐴 = 2 2 1 is orthogonal and hence find A .
1 −2 2

16. Prove that following matrices are unitary and hence find 𝐴 .

i i
1 1+𝑖
(i) 𝐴= i i
(ii) 𝐴 =
√ 1−𝑖 −1

⎡ √ √ ⎤
⎢ ⎥
(iii) 𝐴= (iv) ⎢ √ ⎥
√
⎢ ⎥
⎣ √ √ ⎦

Module2: Rank of Matrix KJSCE Page 28 of 30

 Somaiya Vidyavihar University
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai -77
Applied Mathematics - I

17. Find the ranks of the following matrices

3 4 5 6 7
1 2 −2 3 ⎡4 2 −3 5
⎢
5 6 7 8 ⎤⎥
(i) −1 −3 2 −2 (ii) ⎢ 5 6 7 8 9⎥ (iii) 4 −6 10
0 −1 0 1 −8 12 −20
⎢10 11 12 13 14⎥
−1 −4 2 −1 ⎣15 16 17 18 19⎦ 6 −9 15
1 2 3 1 −1 2 3 −2 2 3 1 4
(iv) 2 4 3 2 (v) 2 −5 1 2 (vi) 5 2 3 0
3 2 1 3 3 −8 5 2
9 8 0 8
6 8 7 6 −5 −12 −1 6
25 31 17 43
(vii) 75 94 53 132
75 94 54 134
25 32 20 48

18. Reduce the following matrices to normal form and find their rank.

1 −1 −2 −3 0 1 −3 −1 1 2 −2 3 1
4 1 0 2 1 0 4 3 1 3 −2 3 0
0 3 1 4 3 1 0 2 2 4 −3 6 4
0 1 0 2 1 1 −2 0 1 1 −1 4 6

2 −1 1 1
⎡1 0 1 2⎤ 1 −1 3 6 1 2 3 2
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3 3 3 1⎥ 1 3 −3 −4 2 3 5 1
⎢1 4 2 0⎥ 5 3 3 11 1 3 4 5
⎣0 −4 −1 2⎦

3 −2 0 1
1 2 −2 1 2 3 −4
0 2 2 7
−1 3 0 2 1 4 −5
1 −2 −3 2
0 −2 1 −1 −5 −5 7
0 1 2 1

2 1 4
4 3 1 6 1 2 3 4
3 2 2
2 4 2 2 2 1 4 3
7 4 10
12 14 5 16 3 0 5 −10
8 5 8

2 −2 3 1 2 −1 2 1 2 −1 3
3 −1 2 2 5 −2 3 3 4 0 −1
1 2 −1 1 2 1 2 −1 0 −2 7

3 −3 0 −1 −7 −2 −1 −3 −1
8 1 3 6
0 2 2 1 −5 0 3 2 2 1 2 3 −1
1 −2 −3 −2 1 1 0 1 1
−8 1 −3 4
0 1 2 1 −6 0 1 1 −1

Module2: Rank of Matrix KJSCE Page 29 of 30

 Somaiya Vidyavihar University
K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, Mumbai -77
Applied Mathematics - I

0 1 2 3 4
⎡1 6 1 3 8 2 −4 3 1 0
⎢
1 2 3 3⎤⎥
4 2 6 −1 1 −2 1 −4 2
⎢2 2 0 2 2⎥
10 3 9 7 0 1 −1 3 1
⎢3 3 2 1 1⎥
⎣4 16 4 12 15 4 −7 4 −4 5
3 2 1 0⎦

1 2 −2 3 1 1 3 5 7
3 2 5 7 12
1 3 −2 3 0 4 6 8 10
1 1 2 3 5
2 4 −3 6 4 15 27 39 51
3 3 6 9 15 1 1 −1 4 6 6 12 18 24

2 1 −3 −6 1 0 2 −2
1 1 0 2 15 14 15
2 −1 0 −1
2 2 0 3 −3 1 2 6 24 18 30
1 0 2 −1
0 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 4 2 5 4 −1 3 −1
2 1 3 4
19. Find the rank of A by reducing it to the normal form, where 𝐴 = 3 −1 2 2
4 1 0 −1
9 1 5 6
Hence find the rank of 𝐴 .
20. Reduce the following matrices to Echelon Forms and hence find the ranks.
0 1 −3 −1 1 2 −1 3
(i) 1 0 1 1 (ii) 3 4 0 −1
3 1 0 2
−1 0 −2 7
1 1 −2 0
P 2 2
21. Find the values of P for which the matrix A = 2 P 2 will have (i) rank 1,
2 2 P
(ii) rank 2, (iii) rank 3,
λ −1 0
22. The rank of the matrix 0 λ −1 is 2. Find the value of , where  is real.
−1 0 λ

x−1 x+1 x
23. Find the rank of A = −1 x 0 where x is real.
0 1 1

Module2: Rank of Matrix KJSCE Page 30 of 30