CONTENT DEVELOPMENT TEAM

S.N. NAME OF TEACHER KV NAME UNIT PREPARED

1 MS. DEEPTI GOSWAMI KV ARJANGARH REAL NUMBERS
2 MS SHAILY PANT KV PUSHP VIHAR FIRST POLYNOMIALS
SHIFT
3 MS RUBY KUMARI KV MASJID MOTH SHIFT 1 PAIR OF LINEAR
EQUATIONS IN
TWO VARIABLES
4 MS ANUBHUTI SHARMA KV AGCR SHIFT 1 QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS
5 MR. DEEPAK KUMAR KV AGCR SHIFT 2 ARITHEMATIC
PROGRESSIONS
6 MS DEEPIKA BATRA KV TUGLAKABAD SHIFT 1 TRIANGLES
7 MR DINESH KARNATAK KV DELHI CANTT NO 2 COORDINATE
GEOMETRY
8 MS KAMINI KV DELHI CANTT NO.1 INTRODUCTION TO
TRIGONOMETRY
9 MR. AMARJIT VERMA KV DR.RAJENDRA PRASAD APPLICATIONS OF
TRIGONOMETRY
10 MS HARPREET KAUR KV DWARKA SEC-5 SHIFT CIRCLES
2
11 MS GEETANJALI KV JANAKPURI SHIFT 1 AREA RELATED TO
SHARMA CIRCLE
12 MS AANCHAL KAUSHIK KV ROHINI SEC 8 SURFACE AREA
AND VOLUME
13 MS BHARTI VERMA KV NFC VIGYAN VIHAR STATISTICS
SHIFT 1
14 MR. UDAYKANT BHANU KV GOLE MARKET SHIFT 1 PROBABILITY

MODERATED AND COMPILATION TEAM-

S.N. NAME OF TEACHER KV NAME
1 MR.V.S. SHARMA KV NO.3 DELHI CANTT
SHIFT 1
2 MR. AMIT KUMAR YADAV KV NO.3 DELHI CANTT
SHIFT 2
3 MR.ASHUTOSH SHARMA KV JNU NMR
4 MR. AMIT KUMAR TIWARI KV MASJIDMOTH SHIFT 1
5 MR. LOKESH ROHILLA KV TUGLAKABAD SHIFT 2
6 MR. PAWAN SINGH KV INA
7 MR. NARENDER YADAV KV PASCHIM VIHAR
8 MS INDU BATRA KV JANAKPURI SHIFT 2
9 MR.PRADEEP DAHIYA KV NO.3 DELHI CANTT
SHIFT 1
 INDEX
S.N. TOPIC
1 CBSE SYLLABUS
2 REAL NUMBERS
3 POLYNOMIALS
4 PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
5 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
6 ARITHMATIC PROGRESSIONS
7 TRIANGLES
8 COORDINATE GEOMETRY
9 INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
10 APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY
11 CIRCLES
12 AREA RELATED TO CIRCLE
13 SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME
14 STATISTICS
15 PROBABILITY
16 CASE STUDY PRACTICE QUESTIONS
17 SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 1 BASIC
18 MARKING SCHEME SAMPLE PAPER 1 BASIC
19 SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2 BASIC
20 MARKING SCHEME SAMPLE PAPER 2 BASIC
21 SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 1 STANDARD
22 MARKING SCHEME SAMPLE PAPER 1 STANDARD
23 SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2 STANDARD
24 MARKING SCHEME SAMPLE PAPER 2 STANDARD
 MATHEMATICS (X)
(CODE NO. 041)

Session 2024-25
The Syllabus in the subject of Mathematics has undergone changes from time to time in
accordance with growth of the subject and emerging needs of the society. The present revised
syllabus has been designed in accordance with National Curriculum Framework 2005 and as per
guidelines given in the Focus Group on Teaching of Mathematics which is to meet the emerging
needs of all categories of students. For motivating the teacher to relate the topics to real life
problems and other subject areas, greater emphasis has been laid on applications of various
concepts.

The curriculum at Secondary stage primarily aims at enhancing the capacity of students to employ
Mathematics in solving day-to-day life problems and studying the subject as a separate discipline.
It is expected that students should acquire the ability to solve problems using algebraic methods
and apply the knowledge of simple trigonometry to solve problems of height and distances.
Carrying out experiments with numbers and forms of geometry, framing hypothesis and verifying
these with further observations form inherent part of Mathematics learning at this stage. The
proposed curriculum includes the study of number system, algebra, geometry, trigonometry,
mensuration, statistics, graphs and coordinate geometry, etc.

The teaching of Mathematics should be imparted through activities which may involve the use of
concrete materials, models, patterns, charts, pictures, posters, games, puzzles and experiments.

Objectives
The broad objectives of teaching of Mathematics at secondary stage are to help the learners to:
• consolidate the Mathematical knowledge and skills acquired at the upper primary stage;
• acquire knowledge and understanding, particularly by way of motivation and visualization,
of basic concepts, terms, principles and symbols and underlying processes and skills;
• develop mastery of basic algebraic skills;
• develop drawing skills;
• feel the flow of reason while proving a result or solving a problem;
• apply the knowledge and skills acquired to solve problems and wherever possible, by more
than one method;
• to develop ability to think, analyze and articulate logically;
• to develop awareness of the need for national integration, protection of environment,
observance of small family norms, removal of social barriers, elimination of gender biases;
• to develop necessary skills to work with modern technological devices and mathematical
software's.
• to develop interest in mathematics as a problem-solving tool in various fields for its
beautiful structures and patterns, etc.
• to develop reverence and respect towards great Mathematicians for their contributions to
the field of Mathematics;
• to develop interest in the subject by participating in related competitions;
• to acquaint students with different aspects of Mathematics used in daily life;
• to develop an interest in students to study Mathematics as a discipline.

COURSE STRUCTURE CLASS –X

Units Unit Name Marks
I NUMBER SYSTEMS 06
II ALGEBRA 20
III COORDINATE GEOMETRY 06
IV GEOMETRY 15
V TRIGONOMETRY 12
VI MENSURATION 10
VII STATISTICS & PROBABILTY 11
Total 80
UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. REAL NUMBER (15) Periods

Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and
after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of irrationality of

UNIT II: ALGEBRA

1. POLYNOMIALS (8)
Periods
Zeros of a polynomial. Relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic
polynomials.

2.PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES (15) Periods

Pair of linear equations in two variables and graphical method of their solution,
consistency/inconsistency.
 Algebraic conditions for number of solutions. Solution of a pair of linear equations in two
variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination. Simple situational problems.

3.QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (15) Periods

Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, (a ≠ 0). Solutions of quadratic
equations (only real roots) by factorization, and by using quadratic formula.
Relationship between discriminant and nature of roots.
Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities to be
incorporated.
4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS (10) Periods
Motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the
first n terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

Coordinate Geometry (15) Periods
Review: Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs of linear equations. Distance formula.
Section formula (internal division).

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY

1. TRIANGLES (15) Periods
Definitions, examples, counter examples of similar triangles.
1. (Prove) If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in
distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
2. (Motivate) If a line divides two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, the line is parallel to the
third side.
3. (Motivate) If in two triangles, the corresponding angles are equal, their corresponding
sides are proportional and the triangles are similar.
4. (Motivate) If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, their
corresponding angles are equal and the two triangles are similar.
5. (Motivate) If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of another triangle and the sides
including these angles are proportional, the two triangles are similar.

2. CIRCLES (10) Periods

Tangent to a circle at, point of contact

1. (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact.

2. (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
 UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY

1.INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY (10) Periods

Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence
(well defined); motivate the ratios whichever are defined at 0o and 90o. Values of the
trigonometric ratios of 300, 450 and 600. Relationships between the ratios.

2. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
(15) Periods
Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given.

3. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES: Angle of elevation, Angle of

Depression. (10)Periods
Simple problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two
right triangles. Angles of elevation / depression should be only 30°, 45°, and 60°.

UNIT VI: MENSURATION

1.AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES (12) Periods

Area of sectors and segments of a circle. Problems based on areas and perimeter /
circumference of the above said plane figures. (In calculating area of segment of a circle,
problems should be restricted to central angle of 60°, 90° and 120° only.

2.SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES (12) Periods

Surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids,
spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones.

UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

1. STATISTICS (18) Periods

Mean, median and mode of grouped data (bimodal situation to be avoided).

2. PROBABILITY (10) Periods

Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on finding the probability of an event.
 MATHEMATICS-Standard
QUESTION PAPER DESIGN
CLASS – X (2024-25)
Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks: 80

%
S. Total
Typology of Questions Weightage
No. Marks
(approx.)
Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned 43 54
material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and
answers.
1
Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts
and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating,
interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main
ideas
Applying: Solve problems to new situations by 19 24
2 applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and
rules in a different way.
Analysing : 18 22
Examine and break information into parts by
identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and
find evidence to support generalizations

Evaluating:
Present and defend opinions by making judgments
3
about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work
based on a set of criteria.

Creating:
Compile information together in a different way by
combining elements in a new pattern or proposing
alternative solutions
Total 80 100
 INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 20 MARKS

Pen Paper Test and Multiple Assessment (5+5) 10 Marks

Portfolio 05 Marks

Lab Practical (Lab activities to be done from the prescribed 05 Marks

books)
MATHEMATICS-Basic
QUESTION PAPER DESIGN
CLASS – X (2024-25)
Time: 3Hours Max. Marks: 80
%
S. Total
Typology of Questions Weightage
No. Marks
(approx.)
1 Remembering: Exhibit memory of previously learned 60 75
material by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts, and
answers.

Understanding: Demonstrate understanding of facts and

ideas by organizing, comparing, translating,
interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas
Applying: Solve problems to new situations by applying 12 15
2 acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a
different way.
Analysing : 8 10
Examine and break information into parts by
identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find
evidence to support generalizations Evaluating:
Present and defend opinions by making judgments
3 about information, validity of ideas, or quality of work
based on a set of criteria.
Creating:
Compile information together in a different way by
combining elements in a new pattern or proposing
alternative solutions
Total 80 100

INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 20 MARKS

Pen Paper Test and Multiple Assessment (5+5) 10 Marks

Portfolio 05 Marks

Lab Practical (Lab activities to be done from the prescribed books) 05 Marks
PRESCRIBED BOOKS:
1. Mathematics - Textbook for class IX - NCERT Publication
2. Mathematics - Textbook for class X - NCERT Publication
3. Guidelines for Mathematics Laboratory in Schools, class IX - CBSE Publication
4. Guidelines for Mathematics Laboratory in Schools, class X - CBSE Publication
5. Laboratory Manual - Mathematics, secondary stage - NCERT Publication
6. Mathematics exemplar problems for class IX, NCERT publication.

7. Mathematics exemplar problems for class X, NCERT publication.

 Chapter 1
Real Numbers
(Key Points)

Real Numbers

Rational Irrational
Numbers (Q) Numbers (I)

Natural Numbers
Whole Numbers
(Counting No Integer (Z)
(W) (0,1,2,3,4,...)
1,2,3,...)

Negative Integers Positive Integers

Zero (0)
(-1,-2,-3) (1,2,3,..)

1. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic:-

Every composite number can be expressed (factorized) as a product of primes, and this
factorization is unique, a part from the order in which the prime factors occur.

For example, the number 35 can be written in the form of its prime factors as
35 = 5×7
Here, 7 and 5 are the prime factors of 35.

2. For any two positive integers a and b, HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b

According to the stated property, LCM × HCF of a number = Product of the Numbers

Example : Show that the LCM (6, 15) × HCF (6, 15) = Product (6, 15)

Solution: LCM and HCF of 6 and 15 are as follows:

6=2×3

15 = 3 × 5

The LCM of 6 and 15 equals 30.

The HCF of 6 and 15 is equal to 3.

In the case of LCM (6, 15) and HCF (6, 15), the result is 30 x 3 = 90.

Product of 6 and 15 = 6 × 15 = 90

As a result, LCM (6, 15) × HCF (6, 15) equal to Product (6, 15) = 90.

Multiple choice Questions (1 Marks)

1. Which of the following numbers is not a rational number?

a) 23
b) -5
c) 2–√2
d) 0

Answer: c) 2–√2

2. Which of the following is an irrational number?

a) 0
b) -7
c) 5656
d) 3–√3
Answer: d) 3–√3

3. The square root of a negative number is always ___________.

a) positive

b) negative

c) zero

d) undefined

Answer: d) undefined

4. Which of the following statements is true?

a) Every irrational number is a real number.

b) Every real number is a rational number.

c) Every rational number is an irrational number.

d) Every natural number is an irrational number.

Answer: a) Every irrational number is a real number.

5. Which of the following is a prime number?
a) 12

b) 17

c) 20

d) 25

Answer: b) 17

6. If two positive integers a ,b are written as a = 𝒙𝟑 𝒚𝟐 and b = 𝒙𝒚𝟑 ,where 𝒙 , 𝒚 are prime numbers
,then HCF(a,b) is
a) 𝑥𝑦
b)𝑥𝑦 2
c) 𝑥 3 𝑦 3
d) 𝑥 2 𝑦 2

Answer: b)𝑥𝑦 2

7.If product of two numbers is 3691 and their LCM is 3691 , then their HCF is
a) 1
b) 2
c)3
d) 4
Answer: a) 1

8. On MG road , three consecutive traffic lights change after 36,42 and 72 seconds .If the lights are
first switched on at 9:00 am ,at what time will they change simultaneously?
a) 9:08:04
b) 9:08:24
c) 9:08:44
d) none of these

Answer: b) 9:08:24

9: An army contingent of 616 members is to march behind an army band of 32 members in a

parade. The two groups are to march in the same number of columns. What is the maximum
number of columns in which they can march?

a)8

b)7

c)6
d)9
Answer: a). 8

10: If two positive integers p and q can be expressed as p = ab2 and q = a3b; a, b being prime
numbers, then LCM (p, q) is

(a) ab

(b) a2b2

(c) a3b2

(d) a3b3

Answer: (c) a3b2

Short answer type Questions (2 Marks)

Q.1: Express each number as a product of its prime factors:

(i) 140
(ii) 156
(iii) 3825
Solution:
(i) 140
Using the division of a number by prime numbers method, we can get the product of prime
factors of 140.
Therefore, 140 = 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 1 = 22 × 5 × 7

(ii) 156
Using the division of a number by prime numbers method, we can get the product of prime
factors of 156.

Hence, 156 = 2 × 2 × 13 × 3 = 22 × 13 × 3

(iii) 3825
Using the division of a number by prime numbers method, we can get the product of prime
factors of 3825.

Hence, 3825 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 17 = 32 × 52 × 17

Q.2: Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657).
Solution:

As we know that,

HCF × LCM = Product of the two given numbers

So,

9 × LCM = 306 × 657

LCM = (306 × 657)/9 = 22338

Therefore, LCM (306,657) = 22338

Q.3: Prove that 3 + 2√5 is irrational.

Solution:

Let 3 + 2√5 be a rational number.

Then the co-primes x and y of the given rational number where (y ≠ 0) is such that:

3 + 2√5 = x/y

Rearranging, we get,

2√5 = (x/y) – 3

√5 = 1/2[(x/y) – 3]

Since x and y are integers, thus, 1/2[(x/y) – 3] is a rational number.

Therefore, √5 is also a rational number. But this contradict the fact that √5 is irrational.

Thus, our assumption that 3 + 2√5 is a rational number is wrong.

Hence, 3 + 2√5 is irrational.

Q4: What is the HCF of the smallest prime number and the smallest composite number?

Solution:

The smallest prime number = 2

The smallest composite number = 4

Prime factorisation of 2 = 2

Prime factorisation of 4 = 2 × 2

HCF(2, 4) = 2

Therefore, the HCF of the smallest prime number and the smallest composite number is 2.

Q5: Find HCF and LCM of 404 and 96 and verify that HCF × LCM = Product of the two given
numbers.

Solution:

Prime factorisation of 404 = 2 × 2 × 101

Prime factorisation of 96 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 25 × 3

HCF (404,96)= 2 × 2 = 4

LCM (404,96) = 25 × 3 × 101 = 9696

HCF × LCM = 4 × 9696 = 38784

Product of the given two numbers = 404 × 96 = 38784

Hence, verified that LCM × HCF = Product of the given two numbers.

Q6: In a school, the duration of a period in junior section is 40 minutes and in senior section is 1
hour: If the first bell for each section ring at 9:00 a.m., when will the two bells ring together again?
[CBSE 2012 (Sept.)]
Answer:
1 hour = 60 minutes
40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 23 × 5
60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 22 × 3 × 5
∴ LCM (40, 60) = 23 × 3 × 5 = 120
120 minutes = 2 hours
Hence, the two bells will ring together again at 9:00 + 2:00 = 11:00 a.m.

Q7: Explain why (17 × 11 × 2 + 17 × 11 × 5) is a composite number?

Answer:
17 × 11 × 2 + 17 × 11 × 5
= 17 × 11 × (2 + 5)
= 17 × 11 × 7
Since, 17 × 11 × 2 + 17 × 11 × 5 can be expressed as a product of primes, therefore, it is a
composite number.

Q8: The HCF of two numbers is 23 and their LCM is 1449. If one of the numbers is 161, find the
other.

Ans: It is given that the HCF of the two numbers is 23 and their LCM is 1449. We have to find the
other ×number if one of the numbers is 161. Let the other number be a.

We know that, LCM×HCF = Product of two numbers. Therefore,

1449×23= a ×161

1449×23=𝑎 ×161
1449×23
⇒a =
161

∴ a = 207

Q9: A, B and C starts cycling around a circular path in the same direction at the same time.
Circumference of the path is 1980 m. If speed of A is 330 m/min, speed of B is 198 m/min and that
of C is 220 m/min and they start from the same point, then after what time will they be together at
the starting point?
Answer:
As time = Distance / Speed
Time taken by A to complete one round
= 1980/330 = 6 min
Time taken by B to complete one round
= 1980/198 = 10 min
Time taken by C to complete one round
= 1980/220 = 9 min
The three cyclists will be together after LCM (6, 10, 9)
6=2×3
10 = 2 × 5
9 = 32
LCM (6, 10, 9) = 21 × 32 × 5 = 90 min.

Q10: The set of Mathematics, Physics and Physical Education books have to be stacked in such a
way that all the books are stored topic wise. The number of Mathematics, Physics and Physical
Education books are 14, 18 and 22. Determine the number of stacks of each books provided books
are of the same thickness.
Answer:
Firstly, to arrange the books as according to condition, find HCF of 14, 18 and 22.
HCF (14, 18, 22) = 2
⇒ There are only 2 books in each stack.
Now, number of stacks of Mathematics books = 14/2 = 7
Number of stacks of Physics books = 18/2 = 9.
Number of stacks of Physical Education books = 22/2 = 11

Assertion and Reasoning

Direction: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of

Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
Assertion(A).
(c)Assertion(A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

1.Assertion (A): For any two positive numbers a and b, HCF(a, b)× LCM) (a, b)=a ×b.
Reason(R):The HCF of any two numbers is 5 and their products is 150. Then their LCM is 40.

Answer : (c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false

2. Assertion (A): A number N when divided by 15 gives the remainder 2 Then the remainder is
same when N is divided by 5.
Reason (R):√3 is an irrational number.

Answer : (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of Assertion (A).

3: Assertion(A): √a is an irrational number, when a is a prime number.

Reason (R):Square root of any prime number is an irrational number.

Answer: (a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation
of Assertion

Long answer questions (4 Marks)

Q1: Prove that there is no rational number whose square is 6.
Solution:
Let a b be a rational number whose square is 6.
Then 6 = (𝑎/𝑏)2, where a and b are prime to each other and b > 0.
⇒ 6b2 = a2
⇒ 3(2b2) = a2
Thus, a2 is divisible by 3, and so a is divisible by 3.
Let a = 3p, where p is some integer.
Then, a2 = 6b2 gives
(3p)2 = 6b2
⇒ 9 p2 = 6b2
⇒ 3 p2 = 2b2
This shows that 2 b2 is divisible by 3, so b2 is divisible by 3, and thus b is divisible by 3. Thus, both
a and b are divisible by 3 which is a contradiction.
Hence, there is no rational number whose square is 6.

Q2: Prove that √5 is irrational and hence show that 3 + √5 is also irrational.
Solution:
Let us assume, to the contrary, that √5 is rational.
So, we can find integers p and q (q ≠ 0), such that
√5 = 𝑝/𝑞, where p and q are coprime.
Squaring both sides, we get
5 = 𝑝2 / 𝑞 2
⇒ 5q2 = p2 …(i)
⇒ 5 divides p2
5 divides p
So, let p = 5r
Putting the value of p in (i), we get
5q2 = (5r)2
⇒ 5q2 = 25r2
⇒ q2 = 5r2
⇒ 5 divides q2
5 divides q
So, p and q have at least 5 as a common factor.
But this contradicts the fact that p and q have no common factor.
So, our assumption is wrong.
So √5 is irrational, 3 is a rational number.
So, we conclude that 3 + √5 is irrational.

Q3:Check whether 14n can end with the digit zero for any natural number n ?
Answer:
Let, us suppose that 14n ends with the digit 0 for some n ∈ N
∴ 14n is divisible by 5
But, prime factors of 14 are 2 and 7.
∴ Prime factor of (14)n are (2 × 7)n
⇒ It is clear that in prime factorisation of 14n there is no place for 5.
By Fundamental theorem of Arithmetic
Every composite no. can be expressed as a product of primes and this factorisation is unique,
apart from the order in which the prime factor occur.
∴ Our Supposition is wrong.
Hence, there exists no natural number n for which 14n ends with the digit zero.

Case Study Questions

CASE STUDY 1:
A seminar is being conducted by an Educational Organisation, where the
participants will be educators of different subjects. The number of participants in
Hindi, English and Mathematics are 60, 84 and 108 respectively.
1. In each room the same number of participants are to be seated and all of
them being in the same subject, hence maximum number of participants that
can accommodated in each room are
a) 14
b) 12
c) 16
d) 18
2. What is the minimum number of rooms required during the event?
a) 11
b) 31
c) 41
d) 21
3. The LCM of 60, 84 and 108 is
a) 3780
b) 3680
c) 4780
d) 4680
4. The product of HCF and LCM of 60,84 and 108 is
a) 55360
b) 35360
c) 45500
d) 45360
5. 108 can be expressed as a product of its primes as
a) 23 × 32
b) 23 × 33
c) 3×22
d) 22 × 33
Answers :-
1. b) 12
2. d) 21
3. a) 3780
4. d)45360
5. d) 22 × 33
CASE STUDY 2:
A Mathematics Exhibition is being conducted in your School and one of your friends
is making a model of a factor tree. He has some difficulty and asks for your help in
completing a quiz for the audience.
Observe the following factor tree and answer the following:

1. What will be the value of x?

a) 15005
b) 13915
c) 56920
d) 17429
2. What will be the value of y?
a) 23
b) 22
c) 11
d) 19
3. What will be the value of z?
a) 22
b) 23
c) 17
d) 19
4. According to Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic 13915 is a
a) Composite number
b) Prime number
c) Neither prime nor composite
d) Even number
5. The prime factorisation of 13915 is
a)5× 112 × 132
b) 5× 113 × 132
c) 5× 112 × 23
d) 5× 112 × 232

ANSWERS
1. b) 13915
2. c) 11
3. b) 23
4. a) composite number
5. c) 5× 112 × 23
Practice Questions
(1 Marks)

1. The HCF and LCM of two numbers is 9 and 459 respectively. If one of the number is

27, then the other number is

a. 153

b. 150

c. 459

d. 135

2. What is the number x? The LCM of x and 18 is 36. The HCF of x and 18 is 2.

a. 1

b. 3

c. 2

d. 4

3. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 9 and 90 respectively. If one number is 18, then

the other number is

a. 54
b. 36
c. 45
d. 63
4. The HCF of 2472, 1284 and a third number N is 12 .If their LCM is 𝟐𝟑 × 𝟑𝟐 × 5 ×103 × 107
.Then the number N is
a) 120
b)130
c) 180
d) 190
5. If the LCM of two numbers is 45 times their HCF and the sum of LCM and HCF is 1150,
then HCF is
a. 50
b. 45
c. 1150
d. 25
6. If two positive integers a and b are written as a = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 and b = 𝒙 𝒚𝟑 , where x and y are prime
numbers ,then HCF (a,b) is
a. 𝑥𝑦
b. 𝑥𝑦 2
c. 𝑥 3 𝑦 3
d. 𝑥 2 𝑦 2
(2 Marks)
7.Explain why 7×11×13+13 and 7×6×5×4×3×2×1+5 are composite numbers ?
8. If a and b are co prime numbers ,then find the HCF (a,b).
9.Four ribbons measuring 14m ,18m and 26m respectively are to be cut into least number of
pieces of equal length .What is the length of each piece?
10. Bell ring at an interval of 4,7 and 14 minutes . All three bell rang at 6 am , when the three balls
will the ring together next ?

11. Find the HCF and LCM of 11008 and 7344 using fundamental theorem of arithmetic.
12. Express the given number as the product of its prime factors: 5005.
(3 Marks)
13. Find HCF and LCM of 625, 1125 and 2125 using fundamental theorem of arithmetic.

14. Prove that √7 is an irrational number.

15. Prove that √5 is an irrational number.

16. Prove that 3-√5 is an irrational number.

17. Amita, Sneha and Raghav started preparing cards for greeting each person of an old
age home on new year. In order to complete one card, they take 10, 16 and 20 minutes
respectively. If all of them started together, after what time will they start preparing a
new card together?
18. Can the number 6𝑛 , n being a natural number, end with the digit 5? Give reasons.
19. Three sets of physics, chemistry and mathematics books have to be stacked in such a
way that all the books are stored topic wise and the number of books in each stack is
the same. The number of physics books is 192, the number of chemistry books is 240
and the number of mathematics books is 168. Determine the number of stacks of
physics, chemistry and mathematics books.
CASE STUDY – (4 Marks)
Q20. To enhance the reading skills of grade X students, the school nominates you and two of your
friends to set up a class library. There are two sections- section A and section B of grade X. There
are 32 students in section A and 36 students in section B.
i)What is the minimum number of books you will acquire for the class library, so that they can be
distributed equally among students of Section A or Section B?
(a) 144
(b) 128
(c) 288
(d) 272
ii) If the product of two positive integers is equal to the product of their HCF and LCM is true then,
the HCF (32 , 36) is
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6
(d) 8
iii) 7×11 ×13 × 15 +15 is a
(a) Prime number
(b) Composite number
(c) Neither prime nor composite
(d) None of the above
iv) If p and q are positive integers such that p = a b2 and q= a2 b, where a , b are prime numbers,
then the LCM (p, q) is
(a) ab
(b) a2b2
(c) a3b2
(d) a3b3
Q21. HCF and LCM are widely used in number system especially in real numbers in finding
relationship between different numbers and their general forms. Also,the product of two positive
integers is equal to the product of their HCF and LCM
Based on the above information answer the following questions.
i)If two positive integers x and y are expressible in terms of primes as x =p2q3 and y=p3q, then
which of the following is true?
(a) HCF = pq2 × LCM
(b) LCM = pq2 × HCF
(c) LCM = p2q × HCF
(d) HCF = p2q × LCM

ii) A boy with collection of marbles realizes that if he makes a group of 5 or 6 marbles, there are
always two marbles left, then which of the following is correct if the number of marbles is p?
(a) p is odd
(b) p is even
(c) p is not prime
(d) both (b) and (c)
(iii) Find the least positive integer which on adding 1 is exactly divisible by 126 and 600.
(a) 12600
(b) 12599
(C) 12601
(d) 12500
(iv) If A, B and C are three rational numbers such that 85C – 340A = 109, 425A + 85B = 146, then
the sum of A, B and C is divisible by
(a) 3
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) 9
Solution
1. a) 153
Explanation: Using the result,
LCM × HCF = Product of two natural numbers
other number = 153
2. d) 4
Explanation: We know that LCM × HCF = First number × Second number
HCF (𝑥 , 18) LCM (𝑥 , 18) = 𝑥 × 18
72 = 𝑥 × 18
𝑥=4
3. c) 45
4. c) 180

5. d) 25
Explanation: Given: ……….(i)
And LCM + HCF = 1150 ……...........….(ii)
Putting value of LCM from eq. (i) in eq. (ii), we get
HCF ( 45 + 1) = 1150
HCF = 25

6. b) 𝑥𝑦 2
8. HCF (a,b)=1
9. 18018
10. 28 minutes

11. LCM = 5052672

12. 5005= 5×7×13×11
13. Here, 625 = 5×5×5×5
1125 = 3×3×5×5×5
2125 = 5×5×5×17
Therefore, HCF = 5×5×5 = 125
LCM = 95625
17. (i) The required number of minutes after which they start preparing a new card
together = LCM of 10,16 and 20 minutes
Prime factorisation of 10 = 2 × 5
Prime factorisation of 16 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
and Prime factorisation of 20 = 2 × 2 × 5
Now, LCM(10,16,20) = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2× 5 = 80
Therefore, Number of minutes after which they start preparing a new card together =
80 minutes.
18. If 6𝑛 ends with 0 or 5 then it must have 5 as a factor.
Now 6𝑛 = (2x3)n
The prime factors of 6𝑛 are only 2 and 3
And from the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, the prime factorization of every
composite number is unique.
Therefore 6𝑛 can never end with 0 or 5.

19. The number of physics books is 192, the number of chemistry books is 240 and the
number of mathematics books is 168.
Here, we have to find the HCF of 192, 240 and 168 because the HCF will be the largest
number which divides 192, 240 and 168 exactly.
192 = 26 × 3
240 = 24 ×3 × 5
168 = 23 × 3 × 7
Now, the HCF of 192, 240 and 168 is = 23 × 3 =24
There must be 24 books in each stack
192
Number of stacks of physics books = 24 = 8
240
And number of stacks of chemistry books = 24 = 10
168
And number of stacks of mathematics books = 24
=7

CASE STUDY
20. Answers:
(i) c
(ii) b
(iii) b
(iv) b
21. Answers:
(i) b
(ii) d
(iii) b
(iv) a
 CHAPTER -2
POLYNOMIALS
Important concepts

1. Polynomial: If x is a variable, n is a natural number and a0, a1, a2, a3, ……….
an are real numbers, then is
called a polynomial in x.
2. Polynomials of degree 1, 2 and 3 are called linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials
respectively.
3. Polynomial in the form ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, c are real numbers and a is not
equal to 0 is called a quadratic polynomial in variable x.
4. A polynomial can have at most the same number of zeros as
the degree of the polynomial
5. A real number k is said to be a zero of a polynomial p(x), if p(k) = 0.
6. The graph of the corresponding equation y = ax2 + bx + c has one of the two shapes
either open upwards like or open downwards like depending on whether a > 0 or a < 0.
(These curves are called parabolas.)
7. Relationship between Zeroes and Coefficients of a Polynomial ax2+bx+c , where α, β
are the zeroes of the polynomial
(i) Sum of zeroes = ,

(ii) Product of zeroes = ,

8. Quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are is k(x2 – (α + β) x + α β) where k is any
real number.

Solved Questions :

Q1. Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial and verify the relationship between the
zeroes and coefficient of polynomial p(x) = x 2 + 7x + 12.
Sol. p(x) = x 2 + 7x + 12
⇒ p(x) = (x + 3)(x + 4)
∴ p(x) = 0 if x + 3 = 0 or x + 4 = 0
⇒ x = – 3 or x = – 4
∴– 3 and – 4 are zeros of the p(x).
 Now,

Q2. Find the zeroes of 4x 2 – 7 and verify the relationship between the zeroes and its
coefficients.
Sol. Let p(x) = 4x 2 – 7
Here coefficient of x 2 = 4,
Coefficient of x = 0 and constant term = –7.

Q3. Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are

Sol. Let α, β are zeroes of quadratic polynomial p(x).

Q4. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum of whose zeroes is 0 and one zero is 5.
Sol. Let zeroes are α and β.
⇒α + β = Sum of zeroes
⇒α + β = 0 ⇒ 5 + β = 0 ⇒β = –5
Now product of zeroes = αβ = 5 × (–5) = –25
Let polynomial p(x) = ax 2 + bx + c

Q5: Find the value of “p” from the polynomial x2 + 3x + p, if one of the zeroes of the polynomial is 2.

Solution: As 2 is the zero of the polynomial.

We know that if α is a zero of the polynomial p(x), then p(α) = 0

Substituting x = 2 in x2 + 3x + p,

⇒ 22 + 3(2) + p = 0

⇒4+6+p=0

⇒ 10 + p = 0

⇒ p = -10

Q6. If the sum of the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = (k2 – 14) x2 – 2x – 12 is 1, then find the value
of k.

Solution:
p(x) = (k2 – 14) x2 – 2x – 12
Here a = k2 – 14, b = -2, c = -12
Sum of the zeroes, (α + β) = 1 …[Given] ⇒ −b/a = 1
⇒ −(−2)/ k2 −14 = 1
⇒ k2 – 14 = 2
⇒ k2 = 16
⇒ k = ±4

Q7: Compute the zeroes of the polynomial 4x2 – 4x – 8. Also, establish a relationship between the
zeroes and coefficients.

Solution:

Let the given polynomial be p(x) = 4x2 – 4x – 8

To find the zeroes, take p(x) = 0

Now, factorise the equation 4x2 – 4x – 8 = 0

4x2 – 4x – 8 = 0

4(x2 – x – 2) = 0

x2 – x – 2 = 0

x2 – 2x + x – 2 = 0

x(x – 2) + 1(x – 2) = 0

(x – 2)(x + 1) = 0

x = 2, x = -1
So, the roots of 4x2 – 4x – 8 are -1 and 2.

Relation between the sum of zeroes and coefficients:

-1 + 2 = 1 = -(-4)/4 i.e. (- coefficient of x/ coefficient of x2)

Relation between the product of zeroes and coefficients:

(-1) × 2 = -2 = -8/4 i.e (constant/coefficient of x2)

Q8. Find the condition that zeroes of polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c are reciprocal of each other.
Solution:
Let α and 1/α be the zeroes of P(x).
P(x) = ax2 + bx + c …(given)
Product of zeroes = c/a
⇒ α × 1/α = c/a
⇒ 1 = c/a
⇒ a = c (Required condition)
Coefficient of x2 = Constant term

Q9. Form a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 3 + √2 and 3 – √2.

Solution:
Sum of zeroes,
S = (3 + √2) + (3 – √2) = 6
Product of zeroes,
P = (3 + √2) x (3 – √2) = (3)2 – (√2)2 = 9 – 2 = 7
Quadratic polynomial = x2 – Sx + P = x2 – 6x + 7

Q.10: Find the quadratic polynomial if its zeroes are 0, √5.

Solution:

A quadratic polynomial can be written using the sum and product of its zeroes as:

x2 – (α + β)x + αβ

Where α and β are the roots of the polynomial.

Here, α = 0 and β = √5

So, the polynomial will be:

x2 – (0 + √5)x + 0(√5)

= x2 – √5x
Q11: How many zeros does the polynomial (x – 3)2 – 4 have? Also, find its zeroes.

Solution:

Given polynomial is (x – 3)2 – 4

Now, expand this expression.

=> x2 + 9 – 6x – 4

= x2 – 6x + 5

As the polynomial has a degree of 2, the number of zeroes will be 2.

Now, solve x2 – 6x + 5 = 0 to get the roots.

So, x2 – x – 5x + 5 = 0

=> x(x – 1) -5(x – 1) = 0

=> (x – 1)(x – 5) = 0

x = 1, x = 5

So, the roots are 1 and 5.

Q12. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are 0 and -√2 respectively.
Solution:
Quadratic polynomial is
x2 – (Sum of zeroes) x + (Product of zeroes)
= x2 – (0)x + (-√2)
= x2 – √2

Q13: α and β are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2 – 6x + y. Find the value of ‘y’ if 3α + 2β = 20.

Solution:

Let, f(x) = x² – 6x + y

From the given,

3α + 2β = 20———————(i)

From f(x),

α + β = 6———————(ii)
And,

αβ = y———————(iii)

Multiply equation (ii) by 2. Then, subtract the whole equation from equation (i),

=> α = 20 – 12 = 8

Now, substitute this value in equation (ii),

=> β = 6 – 8 = -2

Substitute the values of α and β in equation (iii) to get the value of y, such as;

y = αβ = (8)(-2) = -16

Q14. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are -8 and 12 respectively.
Hence find the zeroes.
Solution:

Let Sum of zeroes (α + β) = S = -8 …[Given] Product of zeroes (αβ) = P = 12 …[Given] Quadratic

polynomial is x2 – Sx + P
= x2 – (-8)x + 12

= x2 + 8x + 12
= x2 + 6x + 2x + 12
= x(x + 6) + 2(x + 6)
= (x + 2)(x + 6)
Zeroes are:
x + 2 = 0 or x + 6 = 0
x = -2 or x = -6

Q 15. Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a

statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Q.15 a ) Assertion: x2+7x+12 has no real zeroes.

Reason: A quadratic polynomial can have at the most two zeroes.

Answer : (d)
Q.15 b ) Assertion: If the sum of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x2-2kx+8 is 2 then the
value of k is 1.
Reason: Sum of zeroes of a quadratic polynomial ax2+bx+c is -b/a

Answer : (a)

Practice Questions
MCQ Questions

Q1. If 1 is a zero of polynomial p(x)=ax²-3(a-1)-1, then the value of a is

a) 3
b)-2
c) 2
d) 1
Q2. Sum of the zeros of the polynomial x²+7x+10 are
a) 10
b) 7
c) -7
d) -10
Q3. The zeros of the quadratic polynomial x² +99x+127 are
a) Both Equal
b) One Positive and one negative
c) Both Negative
d) Both Positive
Q4. A polynomial of degree three is called
a) Cubic Polynomial
b) None of these
c) Quadratic Polynomial
d) Linear polynomial
Q5. The graph of the linear polynomial will meet x axis at
a) No Points
b) 3 points
c) 2 points
d) 1 point
Q6. A constant polynomial has degree
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1
d) 0
Q7. The zero of the polynomial p(x)=2x-1 is
a) 1/2
b) 1
c) -1/2
d) 2
Q8. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x² + 3x + k is 2, then the value of k is
a) 10
b) -5
c) -10
d) 5
Q9. A quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes are -3 and 4, is
a) x²+x+12

b)
c) x²-x+12
d) 2x²+2x-24

Q10. Degree of the Zero polynomial is :-

a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) Not defined
Short Answer Questions

Question 1.
If the sum of zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 3x2 – kx + 6 is 3, then find the value of k ?
Question 2.
If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial ax2 + bx + c, find the value of α2 + β2 ?
Question 3
If α and β are the zeroes of a polynomial such that α + β = -6 and αβ = 5, then find the polynomial
?
Question 4.
Find a quadratic polynomial, whose zeroes are -4 and -5 ?
Question 5
Find the condition that zeroes of polynomial p(x) = ax2 + bx + c are reciprocal of each other ?
Question 6
Find the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial √3 x2 – 8x + 4√3 ?
Question 7
If the zeroes of the polynomial x2 - px + q are double in value to the zeroes of 2x2 – 5x – 3, find the
value of p and q ?
Question 8
Find the zeroes of p(x) = 2x2 – x – 6 and verify the relationship of zeroes with these co-efficients ?

Long Answer Questions

Q1.Find a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are –4 and 3 and verify the relationship
between the zeroes and the coefficients.
Q2. If α and β are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial x 2 – 6x + a; find the value of ‘a’ if 3α
+ 2β = 20.
Q3. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and product of whose zeroes are – 3 and 2, respectively.
Q4. For what value of p, (–4) is a zero of the polynomial x 2 – 2x – (7p + 3)?
Q5. If α and β are zeros of the polynomial 2x2 – 5x + 7, then find the value of α-1 + β-1.
1 1
Q6. If α and β are zeroes of x2 + 7x + 12, then find the value of + 𝛽 − 2𝛼𝛽
𝛼
Q7. Find α-1 + β-1, if α and β are zeros of the polynomial 9x2 – 3x – 2.
1 1
Q8. If α and β are the zeroes of a quadratic polynomial x2 – x – 2 then find the value of + .
𝛼 𝛽

CASE STUDY 1
Just before the morning assembly Sachin Pandey, is a Math lecturer and the school-coordinator of
a convent school observes some clouds in the sky. So, he cancels the assembly. He also observes
that the clouds have a shape of the polynomial. The mathematical representation of a cloud is
shown in the figure. He decides to teach his students about this mathematical aspect in the nature.
CASE STUDY 2:
An asana is a body posture, originally and still a general term for a sitting meditation pose, and
later extended in hatha yoga and modern yoga as exercise, to any type of pose or position, adding
reclining, standing, inverted, twisting, and balancing poses. In the figure, one can observe that
poses can be related to representation of quadratic polynomial.

1. The shape of the poses shown is

a) Spiral
b) Ellipse

c) Linear

d) Parabola

2. The graph of parabola opens downwards, if _______

a) a ≥ 0

b) a = 0

c) a < 0

d) a > 0

3. In the graph, how many zeroes are there for the polynomial?

a) 0

b) 1

c) 2

d) 3

4. The two zeroes in the above shown graph are

a) 2, 4

b) -2, 4
c) -8, 4

d) 2, -8

Answers (MCQ) :-

1. d) 1
2. c) -7
3. c) Both negative
4. a) Cubic polynomial
5. d) 1 point
6. d) 0
7. a) ½
8. c) -10
9. bbbb)

dddd
10. d) Not defined

Answers(Short Answer Questions ):-

1. K= 9

2.
3. x2 + 6x + 5 = 0
4. x2 + 9x + 20
5. a = c (Required condition)
6. (2√3) and (2√3)/3
7. p = 5, q = -6
8. x = 2 or x = −3/2

Answers(Long Answer Questions):-

1. x2 + x - 12
2. a = ( - 16 )
3. x2 +3x + 2 = 0
4. p = 3
5. (5/7)
6. (-295/12 )
7. (-3/2)
8. (-1/2)

Answers (CASE STUDY 1): -

1. b)
2. d)
3. b)
4. d)

Answers (CASE STUDY 2): -

1. d) Parabola

2. c) a < 0

3. c) 2

4. b) -2, 4
 CHAPTER -3
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES
Basic Concepts:
● Equation: An algebraic expression with ‘equal to’(=) sign is called the equation. It is an
algebraic expression of equality.

Example: 4x=5, 3y-4=5, 3x+4y=5 etc.

● Linear Equation: If the greatest exponent of the variables in an equation is one, the equation is
said to be a linear equation.

Example: 3x-4=2, 4x+6y=7 etc.

● Linear Equation in One Variable: An equation of the form ax+b=0, where a, b are real numbers
and a≠0 is called linear equation in one variable.

Example: 2x+7=0.
● Linear Equation in Two Variables: An equation of the form ax+by+c=0, where a, b and c are
real numbers where a, b≠0 is called linear equation in two variables.

Example: 9x-2y+3=0
● Solution of an Equation: That value/values of variable/variables used in equation, which
make(s) two sides of equation equal or satisfy the equation is called solution of the equation.

Example: For equation 3x-4=2 , x=2 is a solution.

For equation 5x-2y=4, (x,y)=(2,3) is one of solutions.
Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables: Two linear equations of the form ax+by+c=0 taken
together form a pair of linear equations in two variables.

Example: 2x-3y+4=0 and 3x+5y-7=0.

● Solutions of Linear equation in Two Variables: The values of x and y satisfying each one of the
given pair of linear equation is called their solutions.

Example: The solution of pair of linear equations

2x+3y-8=0 and 5x-2y-9=0 is x=1,y=2

• Graphical method
A pair of linear equation can be
solved by two methods • Algebraic method

• Substitution method

Algebraic Method
• Elimination method
 SECTION A (1 MARK)-MCQ
1. Graphically, the pair of equation
6x-3y+10=0
2x-y+9=0
Represents two lines which are

(A) Intersecting at exactly one point

(B) Intersecting at exactly two point
(C) Coincident
(D) Parallel

2. The pair of equation x+2y+5=0 and -3x-6y+1=0 have :

(A) A unique solution

(B) Exactly two solutions
(C) Infinitely many solutions
(D) No Solution

3. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the lines will be:

(A) Parallel
(B) Always coincident
(C) Intersecting or coincident
(D) Always interesting

4. For what value of k, do the equations 3x-y+8=0 and 6x-ky=-16 represents coincident lines?

(A) 12
(B) −12
(C) 2
(D) -2

5. The father’s age is six times his son’s age. Four years hence, the age of the father will be four
times his son’s age. The present ages, in years, of the son and the father are, respectively:

A) 4 and 24
(B) 5 and 30
(C) 6 and 36
(D) 3 and 24

6. The point of intersection of the line represented by 3x – y = 3 and y-axis is given by

A) (0,-3) B) (0,3) C) (2,0) D) (-2,0)
7. For what value of k , does the system of linear equations have an infinite number of solutions
2x + 3y =7, (k-1)x + (k+2)y =3k
A) 7 B) 17 C) -6 D) -7

8. The pair of linear equations y=0 and y= -6 has

A) unique solution
B) no solution
C)infinitely many solution
D) only solution (0 ,0)

9. The sum of digits of a two- digit number is 9. If 27 is subtracted from the number ,its digits are
interchanged. Which of these is the product of the digits of the number?
A) 8 B)14 C) 18 D) 20

10. If x =a and y = b is the solution of the equations x – y =2 and x + y =4, then the values of a
and b are respectively
A) 3 and 5 B) 5 and 3 C) 3 and 1 D) -1 and 3

SECTION B ( 2 MARKS)
1.Given the equation 3x + 4y =9. Write another linear equation in these two variables such that
the geometrical representation of the pair so formed is
i)intersecting lines ii) coincident lines

2. Half of the difference between two numbers is 2. The Sum of greater number and twice the
smaller number is 13. Find the numbers.

3. Is the system of linear equation 2x + 3y – 9 = 0 and 4x + 6y – 18 = 0 consistent? Justify your

answer.

4. Solve the given pair of linear equations

3x -5y =4
2y + 7 =9x
5. If the system of equations has a unique solution, find the value of k
6x + 2y = 3 and kx +y = 2

6. Do the equations 4x + 3y – 1 = 5 and 12x +9y = 15 represent a pair of coincident lines?

7. Solve the following pair of linear equations by elimination method

x/2 +2y/3 = -1 and x – y/3 =3

8. Solve the following pair of linear equation by substitution method

7x – 15 y = 2
x + 2y =3

SECTION C (3 MARKS)
1.Solve 2x +3y = 11 and 2x -4y = -24 and hence find the value of m for which
Y=mx + 3

2. Half the perimeter of a rectangular garden, whose length is 4 more than its width, is 36m. Find
the dimensions of the garden.

3. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 9:7 and the ratio of their expenditures is 4:3. If each
of them manages to save Rs 2000 per month, find their monthly incomes.

4. Solve graphically the system of linear equations

4x – 3y +4 = 0 and 4x + 3y – 20 = 0
Find the area bounded by these lines and x-axis

5. Sumit is three times as old as his son. Five years later, he shall be two and half times as old as
his son. How old is Sumit at present?
6. If 217x + 131y = 913 and 131x + 217y = 827, then solve the equations for the values of x and
y. (HOTS)
SECTION D (5 MARKS)
1. Draw the graphs of the equations y= -1, y=3 and 4x – y = 5. Also find the area of the
quadrilateral formed by the lines and the y -axis.

2. A boat goes 30 km upstream and 44 km downstream in 10 hours. In 13 hours, it can go 40

km upstream and 55 km downstream. Determine the speed of the stream and that of the
boat in still water.( HOTS)

3. Students of a class are made to stand in rows. If one student is extra in each row, there
would be 2 rows less. If one student is less in each row, there would be 3 rows more. Find
the number of students in the class.

4. In the given figure ABCDE is a pentagon with BE parallel to CD and BC parallel to DE.
BC is perpendicular to CD. AB= 5 cm AE = 5 cm, BE= 7 cm, BC = x – y and CD = x + y. If
the perimeter of ABCDE is 27 cm. Find the value of x and y.
Given that x and y are not equal to 0
A

B E

C D

5. A train covered a certain distance at uniform speed. If the train would have been 6 km/h
faster, it would have taken 4 hours less than the scheduled time. And if the train was
slower by 6 km/h, it would have taken 6 hours more than the scheduled time. Find the
length of the journey. (HOTS)
SECTION E (4 MARKS)- CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
CASE STUDY 1

It is common that governments revise travel fare from time to time based on various factors
such as inflation (a general increase in prices and fall in purchasing value of money) on
different types of vehicles like auto, rickshaws, taxis, radio cab etc. The auto charges in a city
comprise of a fixed charge together with the charge for the distance covered. Study the
following situations:

Name of the city Distance travelled (km) Amount Paid (Rs)

City A 10 75
15 110
City B 8 91
14 145

Situation1: In city A, for a journey of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs 75 and for a journey of 15 km,
the charge paid is Rs 110.

Situation2: In a city B, for a journey of 8 km, the charge paid is Rs 91 and for a journey of 14 km,
the charge paid is Rs 145.

i) If the fixed charges of auto rickshaw be Rs x and the running charges be Rs y km/h , the
pair of linear equations representing the situation is
a) x + 10y = 110, x + 15y = 75
b) x + 10y = 75, x + 15y = 110
c) 10x + y = 110, 15x + y = 75
d) 10x + y = 75, 15x + y = 110
ii) A person travels a distance of 50km. The amount he has to pay is
a) Rs 155 b) Rs 255 c) Rs 355 d) Rs 455
iii)What will a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 30 km?
a) Rs 185 b) Rs 289 c) Rs 275 d) Rs 305
iv) Out of both the city, which one has cheaper fare?
 a) City A b) City B c) Both are same d) cannot be decided

CASE STUDY 2

Amit is planning to buy a house and the layout is given below. The design and the measurement
has been made such that areas of two bedrooms and kitchen together is 95m2.

i). Form the pair of linear equations in two variables from this situation.
ii). Find the length of the outer boundary of the layout. iii).
Find the area of each bedroom and kitchen in the layout.
iv). Find the area of living room in the layout.

v). Find the cost of laying tiles in kitchen at the rate of Rs. 50 per sq.m.

CASE STUDY 3

A test consists of ‘True’ or ‘False’ questions. One mark is awarded for every correct answer
while ¼ mark is deducted for every wrong answer. A student knew answers to some of the
questions. Rest of the questions he attempted by guessing. He answered 120 questions and got
90 marks.

Type of Question Marks given for correct Marks deducted for wrong
Answers Answers
True/ False 1 0.25
i) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then how many questions
did he
answer correctly?

ii) How many questions did he guess?

iii) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong and answered 80 correctly,
then how many marks he got?

iv) If answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong, then how many questions
answered correctly to score 95 marks?

ANSWER KEY
SECTION A
1. D
2. D
3. C
4. C
5. C
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. C

SECTION B
1) i)4x+3y=12
ii)6x+8y=18

2) 3,7
3) Yes
4) x = 9/13 , y= -5/13
5) any value of k other than 3
6) no
7) x=2,y=3
8) x =49/29 y=19/29
SECTION C
1) x = -2 ,y=5 ,m= -1
2) 20m ,16m
3) Rs 18000 ,Rs 14000
4) x =2 ,y = 4 ,area = 12 sq. units
5) 45 years
6) X=3,y=2
SECTION D
 1) 6 sq, units
2) Speed of Boat=8 km/hr, Speed of Stream=3 km/hr
3) 60
4) x =6, y = 1
5) 720 km

SECTION E
Case Study 1

i) b ii) c iii) b iv) a

Case Study 2

i) 2x + y =19, x + y = 13 ii) Length of outer boundary = 12 +

15 + 12 + 15 = 54m iii) area of bedroom = 5 x 6 = 30m2, area of
kitchen = 5 x 7 = 35m2 iv) Area of living room = (15 x 7) – 30 =
105 – 30 = 75 sq.m

v) Total cost of laying tiles in the kitchen = Rs50 x 35 = Rs1750

Case Study 3

i) 96 ii) 24 iii) 70 iv) 100

 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
KEY POINTS

1. The general form of a quadratic equation is ax2+bx+c=0,a≠o.a,b and c are real numbers.
2. A real number x is said to be a root of quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0 where a≠0 if
ax2+b x +c=0.The zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax2+bx+c and the roots of
the corresponding quadratic equation a x2 + b x + c = 0 are the same.
3. Discriminant:-The expression b2 - 4ac is called Discriminant of the equation ax2+bx+c = 0 and is usually
denoted by D. Thus discriminant D = b 2 - 4ac.
4. Every quadratic equation has at most two roots which may be real, coincident or no real roots.
5. IF α and β are the roots of the equation ax 2+bx+c=0 then

−𝑏
Sum of the roots :- 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 𝑎

𝑐
Product of roots 𝛼𝛽 = 𝑎

6. Forming quadratic equation, when the roots αand are given by

x2 – (𝛼 + 𝛽) x + 𝛼𝛽 = 0

7. Nature of roots of ax2+bx+c=0

a. If D >0, then roots are real and unequal.
b. If D = 0, then the equation has equal and real roots.
c. If D < 0, then the equation has no real roots.

8. Irrational roots always occur in conjugate pairs. If 2+√3 is one of the roots of the quadratic
equation then other root is 2-√3.
SECTION A
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The quadratic polynomial, the sum of whose zeroes is –5 and their product is 6, is
(a) x² + 5x + 6 (b) x ² – 5x + 6 (c) x ² – 5x – 6 (d) –x ² + 5x + 6

2. . Which of the following are the roots of the quadratic equation, x ² – 9x + 20 = 0?

(a) 3, 4 (b) 4, 5 (c) 5, 6 (d) 6, 7
3. The value of k for which the equation x ² + 2(k + 1)x + k² = 0 has equal roots is
1
(a) – 1 (b) - 2(c) 1 (d) none of these
4. Which of the following equations has no real roots ?

(a) x² – 4x + 3√2 = 0 (b) x² + 4x – 3√2 = 0 (c) x² – 4x – 3 √2= 0 (d) 3x² + 4 √3

x+4=0
5. If r=3 is a root of the quadratic equation kr²- kr –3=0 then value of k is
(a) 6 (b) 2 (c) ½ (d) -1/2
6. The two roots of a quadratic equation are 2 and - 1. The equation is
(a) x² + 2x - 2 = 0 (b) x² + x + 2 = 0 (c) x² - 2x + 2 = 0 (d) x² - x - 2 = 0
7. ax² + bx + c = 0, a > 0, b = 0, c > 0 has
(a) Two equal roots (b) one real roots (c) two distinct real roots (d) no real roots
8. Find the value of k for the which equation x²+kx+64=0 and x² -8x+k = 0 will have real and
equal roots
(a) 8 (b)-8 (c) 16 (d) -16
9. One root of: x² – (√3+1) x +√3=0 is
(a) 2 (b) -1 (c) √2 (d) √3

SECTION B

Assertion and reasoning based question

In the following questions , a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R).
Mark the correct choice as:
(a)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A). (b)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(c)Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d)Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.
1. Assertion (A): If one root of the quadratic equation x² – x – k = 0 is 2 , then the value of k is 2.
Reason (R): All quadratic equations ax² + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 has two real roots.
2. Assertion (A): The roots of the quadratic equation x² + 2x + 2 = 0 are imaginary
Reason (R): If discriminant D = b ² – 4ac < 0 then the roots of quadratic equation ax ² + bx + c =
0 are imaginary.
3. Assertion: 2x² - 4x + 3 = 0 is a quadratic equation.
Reason: All polynomials of degree n, when n is a whole number can be treated as quadratic
equation.
4. Assertion: The discriminant of the quadratic equation 2x² -4x+3 =0, is 8 and hence the nature
of its root is no real roots.
Reason: b² -4ac is known as discriminant.

SECTION -C
(SHORT ANSWER TYPE)
1. Solve for x : 4x² – 2(a² + b² ) x + a² b² = 0 ( HOTS)
2. Find the value of m such that the quadratic equation ( m– 12)x ² + 2( m– 12)x + 2 = 0, has
equal roots.
3. If the equation (1 + m² )x² + 2mcx +( c² – a²) = 0 has equal roots, then show that c² = a² (1 +
m² ).
4. Find value of p for which the product of roots of the quadratic equation px²+ 6x + 4p = 0 is
equal to the sum of the roots
5. If the roots of the quadratic equation (b - c) x ² + (c - a) x + (a - b) = 0 are equal, prove that 2b
= a + c. (HOTS)

6. A two digit number is such that the product of its digits is 18. When 63 is subtracted from the
number, the digit interchange their places. Find the number.
7. Find the value of k for quadratic equation 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0, so that it has two equal roots.
SECTION D
(LONG ANSWER TYPE )
1. In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed due to bad weather. Its average speed for the trip
was reduced by 200 km/hr and time of flight increased by 30 minutes. Find the original duration
of flight. ( HOTS)
2. The speed of a boat in still water is 15 km/hr. It goes 30 km upstream and returns back at the
same point in 4 hours 30 minutes. Find the speed of the stream.(HOTS)
3. The length of the hypotenuse of a right-angled triangle exceeds the length of the base by 2 cm
and exceeds twice the length of the altitude by 1 cm. Find the length of each side of the triangle.
4. One year ago, a man was 8 times as old as his son. Now, his age is equal to the square of his
son‘s age. Find their present ages.
5. The product of two consecutive positive integers is 306. We need to find the integers.
6.Rohan’s mother is 26 years older than him. The product of their ages (in years) 3 years from
now will be 360. We would like to find Rohan’s present age.
7. Solve for x: √3x²-2√2 x-2√3 =0
8. Determine the positive value of p for which the equations x² + 2px+64= 0 and x²  8x+ 2p= 0 will both have
real roots.
3
9. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 8 hours. The tap of larger diameter takes 10 hours
less than the smaller one to fill separately. Find the time in which each tap can separately fill the
tank. (HOTS)
CASE STUDIES BASED QUESTIONS
1. Ram and Shyam are very close friends. Ram owns a Honda city and Shyam owns Toyota corolla.
They go together for a picnic by their cars. Ram’s car travels at x km/h while Shyam’s car travels
at 5km/h more than Ram’s car. Shyam’s car takes 1 hour less than ram’s car in covering 360km.

Answer the following

(a) What will be distance covered by Ram’s car in 5 hours?
(b) Write the quadratic equation that describe the condition
(c) How much time did Ram take to cover 360km?
(d) How much time did Shyam take to cover 360km?
2. Kavita and her mother went for small picnic. After having morning breakfast, Kavita insisted to
travel in a motor boat .The speed of the motor boat was 18km/h in still water. Kavita being a
Mathematics student wanted to know the speed of current .So, she noted the time for upstream
and downstream, She found that for covering the distance 24 km, the boat took 1 hour more for
upstream than downstream.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Let the speed of the stream be x km/h, then find the speed of motorboat upstream.
(b) Write the correct quadratic equation for given condition
(c) What is the speed of stream
(d) How much time did the motorboat take going downstream?
3. Raj and Ajay are very close friends. Both the families decide to go to Ranikhet by their own cars.
Raj’s car travels at a speed of x km/h while Ajay’s car travels 5 km/h faster than Raj’s car. Raj took
4 hours more than Ajay to complete the journey of 400 km.

i. What will be the distance covered by Ajay’s car in two hours?

a) 2(x +5)km b) (x – 5)km c) 2( x + 10)km d) (2x + 5)km
ii. Which of the following quadratic equation
describe the speed of Raj’s car?
a) x 2 - 5 x - 500 = 0 b) x 2 + 4x - 400 = 0 c) x 2 + 5x - 500 = 0 d) x 2 - 4x + 400 = 0
iii. What is the speed of Raj’s car?
a) 20 km/hour b) 15 km/hour c) 25 km/hour d) 10 km/hour
iv. How much time took Ajay to travel 400 km?
a) 20 hour b) 40 hour c) 25 hour d) 16 hour

ANSWERS(MCQ)
1 A
2 B
3 B
4 A
5 C
6 D
7 D
8 C
9 D

ASSERTION REASON TYPE QUESTIONS

1 C
2 A
3 C
4 D

SECTION C (SHORT ANSWER TYPE)

1 X=a2/2 , b2/2
2 M=14
3 Correct proof
4 P =-3/2
5 Correct proof
6 92
7 K= 2√6 , -2√6

SECTION – D ( LONG ANSWER TYPE)

1 1HR
2 5 KM/HR
3 P=15,H=17,B=8
4 SON= 7 YRS, FATHER= 49 YRS
5 17,18
6 7 YEARS
7 -√6/3, √6
8 P=8
9 10 HRS,15 HRS

CASE STUDY QUESTIONS

1 A)200 B)X2+5X-1800=0
C) 9 HRS D)8HRS
2 A)12 KM/HR B) X2+48X-324=0
C) 6KM/HR D) 1 HOUR
3 (i) A (ii) C (iii) A (iv) D
 CHAPTER 5
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

LESSON OBJECTIVES-
Explain the concept of Arithmetic Progressions
Calculate the nth term of Arithmetic Progressions.
Calculate the sum of n terms of arithmetic progressions.
Application of arithmetic progressions.
SUMMARY OF TASKS/ ACTION - As detailed in following lesson notes.

CONTENTS OF LESSON NOTES IN A PLANNED WAY

Sequence: A list of numbers having specific relation between the consecutive terms is generally called a
sequence.
For Example: 1,3,5,7 ... (Here next term is obtained by adding 2 with previous term)
2, 6, 18, 54... (Next term to a term is obtained by multiplying 3 with it)

Arithmetic progressions: An arithmetic progression is a list of numbers in which each term is obtained
by adding a fixed number to the preceding term except first term.
For example: 5, 10, 15, 20,...
General form of arithmetic progressions:
a, a+d, a+2d, a+3d, a+4d, ...

Where 'a' is a first term and 'd' is a common difference

To find the nth term of an A.P.

First term= a+0.d = a+ (1-1) d
Second term = a+d= a + (2-1) d
Third term= a + 2d = a + (3-1) d
Fourth term = a+3d= a + (4-1) d
..................................................
..................................................
nth term an = a + (n-1) d

Sum of the n terms of A.P.

Sn = n/2[2a + (n-1) d]
Sn = n/2 [a+l] where l is a last term.
Sum of first n natural numbers:
Sn= n(n+1)/2 where n = first n natural numbers

IMPORTANT NOTES:
(A) If a,b,c are in A.P then b-a=c-b or b=(a+c)/2
(B) (i) If we are given three numbers in A.P and their common difference ‘d’ is given, then
we suppose three numbers to be a-d, a, a+d.
(ii) 4 such numbers are: a-3d, a-d, a+d, a+3d.
(iii ) 5 such numbers are : a-2d, a-d, a, a+d, a+2d.
(C) If a, b, c are in A.P then
(i) a+k, b+k, c+k are in A.P.
(ii) a-k, b-k, c-k are in A.P.
(iii) ak, bk, ck, are in A.P.
(iv) a/b, b/k, c/k are in A.P. (k is not equal to 0)
(D) nth term of an A.P from the end = l-(n-1)d, (l is the last term and d is the common
difference).
Arithmetic progressions (MCQ)
1. The nth term of an AP is given by an = 3+4n the common difference is
(a) 7 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 1
2. If p,q,r and s are in A.P. the r - q is
(a) s-p (b) s-q (c) s-r (d) none of these
3. The nth term of an A.P. 5,2,-1,-4,-7... is
 (a) 2n+5 (b) 2n-5 (c) 8-3n (d) 3n-8
4. The 10th term from the end of A.P. -5,-10,-15... -1000 is
(a) -955 (b) -945 (c) -950 (d) -965
5. The sum of all two digit odd numbers is
(a) 2575 (b) 2475 (c) 2524 (d) 2425
6. The sum of first n odd natural numbers is
(a) 2n² (b) 2n+1 (c) 2n-1 (d) n²
7. Two APs have the same common difference. The first term of one of these is -1 and
that of the other is -8. The difference between their 4th terms is
(a) -1 (b) -8 (c) 7 (d) -9
8. nth term of the sequence a, a+d, a+2d... is
(a) a+nd (b) a-(n-1)d (c) a+(n-1)d (d) n+nd
9. If 2x, x+10, 3x+2 are in A.P. then x is equal to
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6
10. If 7 times the 7th term of an A.P. is equal to 11 times it's 11th term, then 18 th term is
(a) 18 (b) 9 (c) 77 (d) 0
11. The nth term of the AP in 2,5,8,... is
(a) 3n-1 (b) 2n-1 (c) 3n-2 (d) 2n-3
12. If a, a-2 and 3a are in AP, then the value of a is
(a) -3 (b) -2 (c) 3 (d) 2
13. The common difference of AP can be
(a) only negative (b) only zero (c) positive, negative or zero (d) only positive
14. The common difference of AP whose an=-3n+7
(a) 3 (b) 1 (c) -3 (d) 2
15. If the common difference of an AP is 5, then what is a18 - a13?
(a)5 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d)30

Arithmetic progressions (SHORT QUESTIONS)

 1. Write the first term ‘a’ and the common difference d of AP -1.1, -3.1, -5.1, -7.1...
2. For what value of n are the nth term of the following two AP's are same 13,19,25,... and
69,68,67,...
3. Find the sum of first eight multiples of 3.
4. Find the 6th term from the end of AP 17, 14, 11,..., - 40.
5. How many terms of the AP 17,15,13,11... must be added to get the sum 72?
6. Find the sum of all multiples of 7 lying between 500 and 900.
7. Find the sum of first 100 natural numbers.
8. Find the 12th term from the end of the A.P, -2, -4, -6,......., -100.
9. The sum of first n terms of an AP is 3n² + 4n find the 25th term of this AP.
10. How many three digit numbers are divisible by 7?
11. Which term of the A.P. 3, 14, 25, 36, … will be 99 more than its 25th term? (2011OD)
12. Which term of the progression 200, 192, 184, 176 … is the first negative term?
13. The 4th term of an A.P. is zero. Prove that the 25th term of the A.P. is three times its 11 th term.
(2016OD)
14. Find the middle term of the A.P. 6, 13, 20, …, 216. (2015D)

15. Find the sum of all three digit natural numbers, which are multiples of 11. (2012D)

16. The angles of a triangle are in A.P., the least being half the greatest. Find the angles.

Arithmetic progressions (LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTION)

1. The 4th term of an A.P is zero. Prove that the 25th term of the A.P is three times its 11th term.
2. If the mth term of an A.P is 1/n and nth term is 1/m, then show that its (mn)th term is 1.
3. Find the sum
1+(-2)+ (-5)+ (-8)+....=(-236)
4. If the sum of first four terms of an AP is 40 and that of first 14 terms is 280. Find the
sum of its first n terms.
5. If the nth terms of the two AP’s 9, 7, 5,... and 24, 21, 18,... are the same, then find the
Value of n. Also that term.
 6. Two AP's have the same common difference. The difference between their 100th
terms is 100, what is the difference between their 1000 th terms.
7. If m times the mth term of an AP is equal to n times it's nth term, show that the (m+n)th
term of the AP is zero.
8. Find the sum of all natural numbers between 250 and 1000 which are divisible by 3.
9. Which term of the AP 3, 10, 17, ... will be 84 more than its 13th term?
10. The sum of 4th and 8th terms of an AP is 24 and the sum of 6th and 10th terms is 44.
Find the AP.
11. The 13th term of an AP is four times its 3rd term. If its fifth term is 16, then find the
sum of its first ten terms. (2015OD)
12. If Sn, denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P., prove that S12 = 3(S8 – S4). (2015D)
13. The digits of a positive number of three digits are in A.P. and their sum is 15. The
number obtained by reversing the digits is 594 less than the original number. Find
the number. (2016OD)
14. In an AP, if S5 + S7 = 167 and S10 = 235, then find the AP, where s, denotes the sum of
its first n terms. (2015OD)

Case study Questions:

1. In a flower bed, there are 43 rose plants in the first row, 41 in the second, 39 in the third and so on.
I). If there are 11 rose plants in the last row, then number of rose required are?
(a) 16 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 10
(II).Difference of rose plants in 7th row and 13th row is?
(a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14
(III). If there are x rose plants in 15 rows, then x is equal to?
(a) 10 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 15
(IV).The number of rose plants in 6th row is?
(a) 35 (b) 37 (c) 33 (d) 31
(V) The total number of rose plants in 5th and 8th row is?
(a) 64 (b) 54 (c) 46 (d) 45
2. Aditya was playing a number card game. In the game, some number cards ( having both + ve or - ve
numbers) are arranged in a row such that they are following an arithmetic progression. On his first turn,
Aditya picks up 6th and 14th cards and finds their sum to be -76. On the second turn he picks up 8th and
16th card and find their sum to be -96. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(I). What is the difference between the numbers on any two consecutive cards?
(a) 7 (b) - 5 (c) 11 (d) - 3
(II). The number of first card is
(a) 12 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 7
(III). What is the number on 19th card?
(a) -88 (b) -83 (c) -92 (d) -102
(IV). What is the number on 23rd card?
(a) -103 (b) -122 (c) -108 (d) -117
(V). The sum of numbers on the first 15 cards is
(a) -840 (b) -945 (c) -427 (d) -420
3. Anish is much worried about his upcoming assessment on AP. He was vigorously practicing for the
exam but unable to solve some questions. One of these questions is as shown below. If the 3rd and 9th
terms of an AP are 4 and -8 respectively, then help Anish is solving the problem.
(I). What is the common difference?
(a) 2 (b) -1 (c) -2 (d) 4
(II). What is the first term?
(a) 6 (b) 2 (c) -2 (d) 8
(III). Which term of the AP is -160?
(a) 80th (b)85th (c) 81th (d)84th
(IV). Which of the following is not a term of the given AP?
(a) -123 (b) -100 (c) 0 (d) 200
(V). What is the 75th term of the AP?
(a) -140 (b) -102 (c) -150 (d) -158
Assertion Reasoning Question
The following questions consist of two statements Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer the questions
selecting the appropriate option given below.
(a)Both A and R true and R is the correct explanation for A.
(b)Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
(c)A is true but R is false
(d)A is false but R is true.
1.(A): common difference of the AP -5,-1,3,7...is 4.
(R): common difference of the A P a,a+d,a+2d...is given by d = 2nd term -1st term.
2.(A): an-an-1 is not independent of n then the given sequence is an AP.
(R):common difference d = an-an-1 is constant or independent of n.
3. (A):The sum of the first n terms of an AP is given by Sn=3n²-4n.Then its nth term an=6n-7
(R): nth term of an AP, whose n terms sum Sn is given by an=Sn-Sn-1
4.(A):common difference of an AP in which a21-a7 = 84 is14.
(R):nth term of an AP is given by an=a+(n-1)d
5.(A):Three consecutive terms 2k+1,3k+3 and 5k-1form an AP than k is equal to 6.
(R):In an AP a,a+d,a+2d,...the sum to n terms of the AP be Sn=n/2[2a+(n-1)d]
ANSWER
MCQ
1. (c) 4 2. (c) s-r 3. (c) 8-3n 4. (a) -955
5. (b) 2475 6. (d) n² 7. (c) 7 8. (c) a+(n-1)d
9. (d) 6 10. (d) 0 11.(a) 3n-1 12. (b) -2
13. (c) positive, negative or zero 14.(c) -3 15. (c) 25
SHORT TYPE ANSWER
1. a= -1.1, d= -2 2. n=9 3. 108
4. -25 5. n=6 6. 39900
7. 5050 8. -78 9. 151
10. 128 11. 34th term 12. 27TH
13. a25 = 3(a11) 14. 111 15. 44,550
16. 40°, 60°, 80°
LONG TYPE ANSWER
1. Hint: show that 25th term= 3*(11th term)
2. Prove it by yourself
3. -9400
4. N²+6n
5. n=16 and nth term is -21
6. 100
7. 0
8. 156375
9. 25th
10. -13, -8, -3, 2, 7,
11. 175
12. proved S12 = 3(S8 – S4).
13. 852
14. A.P. is 1, 6, 11…
CASE STUDY ANSWERS
1: I. (c) 17 II. (b) 12 III. (d) 15 IV. (c) 33 V. (a) 64
2: I. (b) - 5 II. (d) 7 III. (b) - 83 IV. (a) - 103 V. (d) - 420
3: I. (c) - 2 II. (d) 8 III. (b) 85th IV. (a) - 123 V. (a) – 140
Assertion Reasoning Answers
1.(a) 2.(d) 3.(a) 4.(d) 5.(b)
 CHAPTER 6
TRIANGLES
BASIC CONCEPTS
SIMILAR FIGURES
● Two figures having the same shape but not necessary the same size is called similar
figures.
● All congruent figures are similar but all similar figures are not congruent.
SIMILAR POLYGONS

Two polygons are said to be similar to each other, if:

 their corresponding angles are equal, and
 the lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional
Example:
Any two-line segments are similar since length are proportional

Any two circles are similar since radii are proportional

Any two squares are similar since corresponding angles are equal and lengths are proportional.

Note:
Similar figures are congruent if there is one to one correspondence between the figures.
∴ From above we deduce:
Any two triangles are similar, if their
(i) Corresponding angles are equal
∠A = ∠P
∠B = ∠Q
∠C = ∠R
(ii) Corresponding sides are proportional

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
= =
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑅 𝑄𝑅

Results in Similar Triangles based on Similarity Criterion:

1. Ratio of corresponding sides = Ratio of corresponding perimeters

2. Ratio of corresponding sides = Ratio of corresponding medians
3. Ratio of corresponding sides = Ratio of corresponding altitudes
4. Ratio of corresponding sides = Ratio of corresponding angle bisector segments

Basic Proportionality Theorem/ Thales Theorem

Statement:
If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct
points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

CONVERSE OF BASIC PROPORTIONALITY THEOREM (CONVERSE OF THALES THEOREM

Statement:
If a straight line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line must be parallel
to the third side.

MCQ
AB BC
1. If in triangle ABC and DEF,  then they will be similar when
ED DF
(a) ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐸 (b) ∠𝐴 = ∠𝐷 (c) ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐷 (d) ∠𝐴 = ∠𝐹

2. In ∆ABC, DE || BC and AD = 4cm, AB = 9cm. AC = 13.5 cm then the value of EC is

(a) 6 cm (b) 7.5 cm (c) 9 cm (d) none of these

3. In the below figure, DE || BC then the value of AD is

(a) 2 cm (b) 2.4 cm (c) 3 cm (d) none of the above
4. If ∆ABC ∼ ∆DEF, AB = 4 cm, DE = 6 cm. EF = 9 cm and FD =12 cm, find the perimeter of ∆ABC.

a) 12 cm
b) 14 cm
c) 16 cm
d) 18 cm

5. If O is the point of intersection of two chords AB and CD such that OB = OD, then triangles OAC
and ODB are

a) Equilateral but not similar

b) Isosceles but not similar
c) Equilateral and similar
d) Isosceles and similar

6. The perimeters of two similar triangles ABC and PQR are 32 cm and 24 cm respectively. If PQ
= 12 cm. find AB

(a) 12 cm (b) 14 cm (c) 16 cm (d) 18 cm

7. A vertical stick of length 7.5 m casts a shadow 5 m long on the ground and at the same time a
tower casts a shadow 24 m long. Find the height of the tower

(a) 20 m (b) 40 m (c) 36 m (d) none of these

8. ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF and the perimeters of ∆ ABC and ∆DEF are 30 cm and 18 cm respectively. If
BC = 9 cm, then EF = ?

(a) 6.3 cm (b) 5.4 cm (c) 7.2 cm (d) 4.5 cm

9. Assertion (A): E and F are points on the sides PQ and PR respectively of a ∆ PQR, such that PE = 4
cm, QE = 4.5 cm, PF = 8 cm and RF = 9 cm, then EF ∥ QR.
Reason (R): If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to
the third side.
a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
 b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, but reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false.
d) Assertion (A) is false, but reason (R) is true.

𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝐺
10. Assertion (A): If BC ||EF and FG||CD then, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴𝐷

Reason (R): If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in
distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false
d) Assertion (A) is false, but reason (R) is true.

SHORT QUESTIONS

1. D and E are respectively the points on the sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC such that AD= 2
cm, BD = 3 cm, BC = 7.5 cm and DE||BC. Then, length of DE (in cm) is
Solution :
In ∆ADC and ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶
∠ADE = ∠ABC (corresponding angles)
∠A = ∠A (Common)
△ADE ~ △ABC (AA similarity)
𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐸
= (CPST)
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
2 𝐷𝐸
∴ 5 = 7.5

DE = 3 cm
2. Using Basic proportionality theorem, prove that a line drawn through the mid-points of one
side of a triangle parallel to another side bisects the third side.

Proof:-

Given:- In ∆ ABC , AP = BP and 𝑃𝑄 ∥ BC

To Prove:- AQ = QC

Proof:- In ∆ ABC, 𝑃𝑄 ∥ BC
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑄
So, 𝑃𝐵 = (By Thales Theorem)
𝑄𝐶

𝐴𝑄
⇒ 1= (Since, AP = BP )
𝑄𝐶

⇒ AQ = QC.

3. In the given fig. D is a point on the side BC of ∆ABC such

that ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶. Prove that CA2 = 𝐶𝐵 × CD.

Proof :

Given:- In ∆ABC, ∠𝐴𝐷𝐶 = ∠𝐵𝐴𝐶

To Prove:- CA2 = 𝐶𝐵 × CD

Proof:- In △ADC and △BAC

∠ADC=∠BAC (Given)
∠C = ∠C (Common)
∴ △ADC ∼ △BAC (by AA Criterion of Similarity)
𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐶 𝐴𝐶
⇒ = = (By CPST)
𝐵𝐴 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
𝐷𝐶 𝐴𝐶
⇒ =
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶

∴ CA2=CB.CD

4. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB || DC and its diagonals intersect each other at the point O.
𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂
Show that 𝐵𝑂 = 𝐷𝑂 by using basic proportionality theorem.

Solution:-

Given: In trapezium ABCD, AB∥DC

𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂
To Prove: 𝐵𝑂 = 𝐷𝑂
 Construction: Draw OE∥DC such that E lies on BC.
Proof:
In △ABD, OE ∥ AB (Since, OE∥DC and AB∥DC)
Therefore,
𝐷𝐸 𝐷𝑂
= 𝑂𝐵 (By Thales Theorem) …………………. (i)
𝐸𝐴

In △ADC, OE ∥ DC
𝐴𝐸 𝐴𝑂
= 𝑂𝐶 (By Thales Theorem)
𝐸𝐷
𝐷𝐸 𝑂𝐶
⇒ 𝐸𝐴 = …………………………….. (ii)
𝐴𝑂

From (i) and (ii)

𝐷𝑂 𝑂𝐶
=
𝑂𝐵 𝐴𝑂
𝐴𝑂 𝐶𝑂
⇒ = 𝐷𝑂
𝐵𝑂
𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝑇
5. In the given fig. 𝑆𝑄 = and ∠PST = ∠PRQ. Prove that PQR is an
𝑇𝑅
isosceles triangle.

Proof :
𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝑇
Given:- In ∆PQR, 𝑆𝑄 = and ∠PST = ∠PRQ
𝑇𝑅

To Prove:- PQ = PR i.e. PQR is an isosceles triangle.

Proof:-
𝑃𝑆 𝑃𝑇
=
𝑆𝑄 𝑇𝑅
⇒ ST||QR [By using the converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem]
⇒ ∠PST=∠PQR [Corresponding angles]
⇒ ∠PRQ=∠PQR [∵∠PST=∠PRQ (Given)]
⇒ PQ=PR [∵ Sides opposite to equal angles are equal]
⇒ △PQR is isosceles.

LONG QUESTIONS
1. State and prove the Thales Theorem/ Basic Proportionality Theorem
Statement: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle, to interest the other two sides at
distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.
Given:- In the given triangle ABC, DE∥ BC.
To prove: AD/BD=AE/ CE
Construction:- Draw FE and DN perpendicular to
sides AB and AC respectively. And join B to E and C to
D.
Proof:-
1
Area of ΔADE= 2× FE × AD ……………….. .(i)
1
Area of ΔADE=2 × AE × DN………………....(ii)

Also,
1
Area of ΔBDE=2 × FE × BD ....................(iii)
1
Area of ΔCDE= 2 × EC × DN…………………....(iv)
1
Area of ΔADE = × FE × AD 𝐴𝐷
Now, Area of ΔBDE = 1
2
= ……………………………………………….. (v)
× FE × BD 𝐵𝐷
2

1
Area of ΔADE × AE × DN 𝐴𝐸
= 2
1 = 𝐸𝐶 …………………………………………………………… (vi)
Area of ΔCDE × EC × DN
2

Now, since ΔBDE and ΔCDE are on the same base DE and between two parallel lines DE and BC,
Area of ΔBDE= Area of ΔCDE …………………………………………… (VII)
Area of ΔADE Area of ΔADE
Therefore, Area of ΔBDE =Area of ΔCDE
𝑨𝑫 𝑨𝑬
⟹ = 𝑬𝑪 Hence Proved.
𝑩𝑫

2. If AD and PM are medians of triangles ABC and PQR, respectively where ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR, prove
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
that 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑀 .

Proof :

Given:- In △ABC and △PQR, AD and PM are

medians. And △ABC ∼ △PQR.
 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
To prove: 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑀

Proof:- Since, △ABC ∼ △PQR

Therefore,
∠A=∠P,∠B=∠Q,∠C=∠R...............................(i)
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶
= =
𝑃𝑄 𝑃𝑅 𝑄𝑅
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶 2𝐵𝐷
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑃𝑅 = 2𝑄𝑀 (Since, BD = DC and QM = MR)
𝐴𝐵 2𝐵𝐷
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = 2𝑄𝑀
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
⇒ 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝑀 ……………………………………………… (ii)

Now, In ΔABD ∼ ΔPQM

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐷
= 𝑄𝑀 (From (ii))
𝑃𝑄

∠B=∠Q (from (i))

∴ ΔABD ∼ ΔPQM (By SAS similarity criterion)

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
= 𝑃𝑀 (CPST) Hence Proved
𝑃𝑄

3. Sides AB and BC and median AD of a triangle ABC are respectively proportional to sides PQ
and QR and median PM of ΔPQR. Show that ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR.

Solution :

In ΔABC and ΔPQR

AB/PQ = BC/QR = AD/PM [given]

AD and PM are median of ΔABC and ΔPQR respectively

⇒ BD/QM = (BC/2)/(QR/2) = BC/QR

 Now, in ΔABD and ΔPQM

AB/PQ = BD/QM = AD/PM

⇒ ΔABD ∼ ΔPQM [SSS criterion]

Now, in ΔABC and ΔPQR

AB/PQ = BC/QR [given in the statement]

∠ABC = ∠PQR [∵ ΔABD ∼ ΔPQM]

⇒ ΔABC ∼ ΔPQR [SAS criterion]

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

Question 1.
Rohan’s father is a mathematician. One day he gave Rohan an activity to measure the height of a
building. Rohan accepted the challenge and placed a mirror on ground level to determine the
height of building. He is standing at a certain distance so that he can see the top of a building
reflected from mirror. Rohan eye level is at 1.8 m above ground. The distance of Rohan from
mirror and that of building from mirror are 1.5 m and 2.5 m respectively.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.

(i) Two similar triangles formed in the above figure is
a) ∆ABM and ∆CMD
b) ∆AMB and ∆CDM
c) ∆ABM and ∆CDM
d) None of these
(ii) Which criterion of similarity is applied here?
a) AA similarity criterion
b) SSS similarity criterion
 c) SAS similarity criterion
d) ASA similarity criterion
(iii) Height of the building is

(a) 12 cm (b) 14 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 3 cm

Question 2.
A scale drawing of an object is the same shape at the object but a different size. The scale of a
drawing is a comparison of the length used on a drawing to the length it represents. The scale is
written as a ratio. The ratio of two corresponding sides in similar figures is called the scale factor
length in image
Scale factor = corresponding length in object

If one shape can become another using revising, then the shapes are similar. Hence, two shapes
are similar when one can become the other after a resize, flip, slide or turn.
In the photograph below showing the side of a train engine. Scale is 1 : 200.

This means that a length of 1 cm on the photograph above corresponds to a length of 200 cm, or 2
metres, on the actual engine. The scale can also be written as the ratio of two lengths.
(i) Find the overall length of the engine in the
photograph above, including the couplings if the
length of the model is 11 cm.
(ii) What is the actual width of the door if the width
of the door in photograph is 0.35 cm?
(iii) Find the length of AB in the given figure.
Question 3.
On one day, a poor girl of height 90 cm is looking for a lamp-post for completing her
homework as in her area power is not there and she finds the same at some distance away
from her home. After completing the homework, she is walking away from the base of a lamp-
post at a speed of 1.2 m/s. The lamp is 3.6 m above the ground (see below figure).
 (i) Find her distance from the base of the lamp post after 4 second
(a) 1.2 m (b) 3.6 m (c) 4.8 m (d) none of these

(ii) Find the correct similarity criteria applicable for triangles ABE and CDE.
(a) AA (b) SAS (c) SSS (d) AAS

(iii) Find the length of her shadow after 4 seconds.

(a) 1.6 m (b) 3.6 m (c) 4.8 m (d) none of these

PRACTICE QUESTIONS
1. D and E are the midpoints of side AB and AC of a triangleABC,
respectively and BC= 6cm.

If DE || BC, then the length of DE is:

(a)2.5 cm (b) 3cm (c)5cm (d) 6cm

2. In the given figure, DE || BC. Find EC.

3. If in two triangles DEF and PQR, ∠D =∠Q and ∠R = ∠E, then which of the following is not true?
EF DF DE EF
(a) = (b) =
PR PQ PQ RP

DE DF EF DE
(c) QR = PQ (d) RP = QR
4. In Figure, ∠𝑀 = ∠𝑁 = 46°. Express 𝑥 in terms of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 where 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 are lengths of 𝐿𝑀,
𝑀𝑁 and 𝑁𝐾 respectively
𝑎𝑐 𝑎𝑐
(A) 𝑎+𝑐 (B) 𝑏+𝑎
𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
(C) 𝑏+𝑐 (D) 𝑏+𝑐

5. Assertion (A): In the given figures, ΔABC ~ ΔGIH.

Reason (R): If the corresponding sides of two triangles are proportional, then they are similar.

a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false
d) Assertion (A) is false, but reason (R) is true.

6. . In the given fig. DE∥ BC. If AD = x, DB = (x – 2) AE = (x + 2) and EC = (x – 1), find the value of x.
7. In the figure LM || CB and LN || CD then prove that AM/AB = AN/AD.

B
M

A L C
N
D

8. Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB || DC intersect each other at the point O.
𝐴𝑂 𝑂𝐸
Using a similarity criterion for two triangles, show that 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐷.
9. A vertical stick of length 7.5 m casts a shadow 5 m long on the ground and at the same time a
tower casts a shadow 24 m long. Find the height of the tower.
10. ABCD is a trapezium with AB || DC. E and F are points on non-parallel sides AD and BC
respectively such that EF is parallel to AB. Show that
𝐴𝐸 𝐵𝐹
=
𝐸𝐷 𝐹𝐶
11. In Fig, if ΔABC ~ ΔDEF and their sides are of lengths (in cm) as marked along with them, then find the lengths of the sides of each
triangle

12. In the given figure,∆ ODC ~ ∆ OBA, ∠BOC = 125°and ∠ CDO = 70°. Find ∠ DOC, ∠DCOand ∠ OAB.

13. Raj wanted to determine the height of a tree on the corner of his block. He knew that a certain fence by the tree was 4 feet tall. At 3
PM, he measured the shadow of the fence to be 2.5 feet tall. Then he measured the tree’s shadow to be 11.3 feet. What is the height
of the tree?

ANSWERS :
MCQ :-

1. Ans (c) ∠𝐵 = ∠𝐷

2. Ans:- (B) 3

3. Ans:- (b) 2.4 cm

4. Ans:- (d) 18 cm

5. Ans:- (d) Isosceles and similar

6. Ans:- (c) 16 cm

7. Ans:- (c) 36 m

8. Ans:- (b) 5.4 cm

9. Ans:- (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A)
10. Ans:- (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A)

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS :-

Question 1. (i) a (ii) a (iii) d

Question 2. (i) 22 m (ii) 70 cm (iii) 4 cm
Question 3. (i) 4.8 m (ii) AA (iii) 1.6 m
PRACTICE QUESTIONS :-

(1). (a) (2). 2cm (3). (b) (4). (d) (5). (a)
(6). 4

(7). In ΔABC

LM || CB

AM/MB = AL/LC............ (1)

In ΔACD

LN || CD
 AN/DN = AL/LC............ (2)

From equations (1) and (2)

AM/MB = AN/DN

⇒ MB/AM = DN/AN

Adding 1 on both sides

MB/AM + 1 = DN/AN + 1

(MB + AM)/AM = (DN + AN)/AN

AB/AM = AD/AN

⇒ AM/AB = AN/AD

(8). In ΔAOB and ΔCOD

∠AOB = ∠COD (vertically opposite angles)

∠BAO = ∠DCO (alternate interior angles)

⇒ ΔAOB ∼ ΔCOD (AA criterion)

Hence, OA/OC = OB/OD

(9). 36m

(10). Let us join AC to intersect EF at G

Given that,
AB∥DC and EF∥AB
⇒EF∥DC [Lines parallel to the same line are parallel to each other]

Now, in ΔADC,
EG∥DC [∵EF∥DC]
⇒AE/ED=AG/GC.....(1) [Basic proportionality Theorem]
Similarly, from ΔCAB,
CG/AG=CF/BF
 ⇒AG/GC=BF/FC.......(2)
Therefore, from (1) and (2),
AE/ED=BF/FC

(11). AB=9 cm, BC=12 cm, CA=15 cm, DE=18 cm, EF=24 cm and FD=30 cm

(12). ∠DOC=550; ∠DCO=550; ∠OAB=550

(13). Height of tree is 18.08 feet

CHAPTER – 7

COORDINATE GEOMETRY
A pair of numbers locate points on a plane called the coordinates. The distance of a point from the y-axis is known as abscissa or x-
coordinate. The distance of a point from the x-axis is called ordinate or y- coordinate
Example: Consider a point P(5, 2), where 5 is the abscissa, and 2 is the
ordinate. 5 represent the distance of point P from the y-axis,
and 2 represents the distance of point P from the x-axis.
Distance Formula
Distance between any two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is given by

d = √(x1 –x2)2+ (y1- y2)2

Where d is the distance between the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2).
Section Formula
If the point P(x, y) divides the line segment joining A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) internally in the ratio m:n, then, the coordinates of P are given by
the section formula as
𝒎𝒙𝟐+𝒏𝒙𝟏 𝒎𝒚𝟐+𝒏𝒚𝟏
P( x, y) =( , )
𝒎+𝒏 𝒎+𝒏

Midpoint Formula
The coordinates of the point p(x,y) which is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points A( x1 , y1 ) and B(x2 , y2 )
𝒙𝟏+𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏+𝒚𝟐
P( x, y) =( , )
𝟐 𝟐

Problems based on distance formula : To show that a given figure is a

 Parallelogram – prove that the opposite sides are equal.
 Rectangle – prove that the opposite sides are equal and the diagonals are equal.
 Parallelogram but not rectangle – prove that the opposite sides are equal and the diagonals are not equal.
 Rhombus – prove that all the four sides are equal
 Square – prove that all the four sides are equal and the diagonals are equal.
 Rhombus but not square – prove that all the four sides are equal and the diagonals are not equal.
 Isosceles triangle – prove any two sides are equal.
 Equilateral triangle – prove all three sides are equal.
  Right Angle triangle – prove that the sides of triangle satisfy The Pythagoras theorem

MCQs
1. The distance between the points ( -6, 8 ) from origin is
(a) 6 (b) -6 (c) 8 (d) 10
2. The distance between the points ( 0, 0 ) and (a-b , a+ b ) is
(a) 2√ab (b) √2a2 + ab (c) 2 √a2 +b2 (d) √2a2 + 2b2
3. The coordinate of a point P on X-axis equidistant from the points A( -1,0 ) and B( 5 , 0 ) is
(a) (2 ,0 ) (b) ( 0, 2) (c) ( 2 , 2) (d) ( 3 , 0)
4. The distance between the points (a cosα + b sinα, 0) and ( 0 , a sinα - b cosα ) is
(a) a2 +b2 (b) ) a2 - b2 (c) √a2 +b2 (d) √a2 - b2
5. The fourth vertex of D of a parallelogram ABCD whose three vertices are A(-2 ,3 ) ,
B (6, 7) and C (, 3) is
(a) (0 , 1 ) (b) ( 0 , -1) (c) (-1 , 0) (d) ( 1, 0 )
6. If the distance between the points (2, –2) and (–1, x) is 5, one of the values of x is:
(a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 10 (d) 6
7. The center of circle with end-points of the diameters A (2,6) and B (2, -6)
(a) (2,6) (b) (2,0) (c) (0,6) (d) (0,0)

8. The line 3x + y – 9 = 0 divides the line joining the points (1, 3) and (2, 7) internally in the ratio:
(a) 3: 4 (b) 3: 2 (c) 2: 3 (d) 4: 3
9. The point on X- axis which is equidistant from (2, -5) and (-2, 9) is:
(a) (–2,7) (b) (-7,0) (c) (–1,0) (d) (7,0)
 10. The fourth vertex D of a parallelogram ABCD whose three vertices are A (–2, 3), B (6, 7) and C (8, 3) is:
(a) (0, 1) (b) (0, –1) (c) (–1, 0) (d) (1, 0)

11. AD is the median of triangle ABC with vertices A(5 ,-6) , B( 6 , 4 ) and C(0,0), length of AD is
(a) √68units (b) 2√15units (c) √101units (d) 10 units

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 2MARKS EACH)

1. Check whether ( 5, -2 ) , ( 6 ,4 ) and ( 7 , -2 ) are the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
2. If (a, b) is the midpoint of the line segment joining the point A( 10 ,-6 ) and B( K, 4 )
3. The line segment joining the points A(4,-5) and B( 4,5) is divided by the point P such that

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 3 MARKS EACH)

1. In what ratio does the point P(-4 ,y ) divide the line segment joining the points
A(-6 ,10) and B(3, -8 ) if it lies on AB. Hence find the value of y.

2. Find the ratio in which Y–axis divides the line segment joining the points (6,-4) and
(-2,-7). Also find the point of intersection.
3.Find a relation between x and y such that the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A (2, 5) and B (-3, 7).

4. If A (4, 3), B (-1, y) and C (3, 4) are the vertices of a right triangle ABC, right-angled at A, then find
the value of y.
5. For what value of p are the points (2,1) , (p,-1) and (-1,3) are collinear ?
6. If A(-2, 1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD, find the values of a and b. Hence find the lengths of its
sides AB and BC.
7. Find the value of x for which the distance between (x, 7) and (-1, -5) is 13 units.
8. ABCD is a rectangle formed by the points A(-1,-1) , B ( -1, 6 ) , C (3 , 6 ) and D(3 ,-1). P,Q,R and S are the midpoints of sides AB,BC,CD
and DA respectively. Show that the diagonals of the quadrilateral PQRS bisect each other.
OR
8
Find the ratio in which the point ( 5 , y ) divides the line segment joining the points (1,2) and (2,3). Also find the value of y.

ASSERSTION AND REASONING TYPE QUESTIONS-1

Assertion (A):The distance point P(2,3) from the x-axis is 3.
Reason(R): The distance from x-axis is equal to its ordinate.
a.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b.) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) Both assertion and reason are false
Ans. (a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for
Assertion.

ASSERSTION AND REASONING TYPE QUESTIONS-2

Assertion: Three points A, B, C are such that AB + BC > AC, then they are collinear.
Reason: Three points are collinear if they lie on a straight line.
a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion
b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.
c) Assertion is true but the reason is false.
d.) Assertion is false but the reason is true.
Ans. d.) Assertion is false but the reason is true.

CASE BASED QUESTIONS-1

In a city,a circular park is situated with center O(3 ,3).There are two exit gates P and Q which are opposite to each
Other. The location of exit gate ‘P’is (5 ,3)

Q1 What will be the location of exit gate ‘Q’?

Q2.If a pole R (x, 5) is fixed on a boundary of circular park which is equidistant from P and Q then, find the value of x ?
Q3. In what ratio does the centre O (3 , 3) divides the line segment joining the points P and Q? OR
Find the distance between the points P and Q?
 CASE BASED QUESTION -2

Aditya Starts walking from his house to office. Instead of going to the office directly, he goes to a bank first, from there to his
daughter's school and then reaches the office. (Assume that all distances covered are in straight lines). If the house is situated at (2,
4), bank at (5, 8), school at (13, 14) and office at (13, 26) and coordinates are in km.

1. What is the distance between house and bank?

2. What is the approximate distance between house and office?

3. What is the total distance travelled by Aditya to reach the office?

OR
What is the extra distance travelled by Aditya
CASE BASED QUESTION -3
Morning assembly: Morning Assembly is an integral part of the school’s
schedule. A good school is always particular about their morning assembly
schedule. Morning assembly is important for a child’s development. It is
essential to understand that morning assembly is not just about standing in long
queues and singing prayers or national anthem, but it’s something beyond just
prayers. All the activities carried out in morning assembly by the school staff and
students have a great influence in every point of life. The positive effects of
attending school assemblies can be felt throughout life Suppose a school have
100 students and they all assemble in prayer in 10 rows as given above, Here
A,B,C and D are the positions of four friends Amar, Bharath, Colin and Dravid
respectively.

Q1. What is the distance between Amar and Bharath?

Q2. Which type of triangle is formed if we joint the positions of A, B and C?
Q3. Which type of quadrilateral is obtained by joining the points ABCD? OR
If Imran is standing exactly in the middle of Bharath and Dravid, find the
position of Imran?

ANSWERS
MCQ
 1. (d)10 (Using distance formula)
2. (d) (Using distance formula)
3. (a) (2 , 0)
4. (c) √a2 +b2
5. (b) (0, -1) (using property of diagonals of a parallelogram and midpoint
formula)
6. (b) 2
7. (b) (2,0)
8. (a) 3:4
9. ( -7,0 )
10. (0,-1)
11. (a) √68units

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 2MARKS EACH)

1. YES, ABC is an isosceles triangle.
2. 2√61 units
3. P are (4 , -1)

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS ( 3 MARKS EACH)

1. y = 4
−25
2. Point of intersection is (0 , 4 )
3. 10x – 4y = 29
4. Y = -2
5. P=5
6. a= 1 b= 1 , AB = BC =√10 units
7. X = 4 or x = -6
8. Correct proof
or
k = 3:2 and y = 13/5

CASE BASED QUESTION 1

ANS . : Circular park
Q1. (1,3) Q2. 3 Q3. 1:1
OR 4
CASE BASED QUESTION 2
Q1 : 5 Q2 : 24.6 Q3 : 27
or 2.4

CASE BASED QUESTION 3

 Q1 : 3√2 Q2 : An Isosceles triangle Q3 :Square
Or (6,4)
 CHAPTER 8: INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
KEY CONCEPTS
1. Trigonometry is the study of relation between angles and sides of a triangle.
2. The ratio of sides with respect to acute angles of a Right Angled Triangle is
called trigonometric ratio or t-ratio.
3.

For the right ΔABC, right-angled at ∠C, the trigonometric ratios of the ∠A are as follows:

 sin A=side opposite to angle A/hypotenuse=BC/AB

 cos A=adjacent side/hypotenuse=AC/AB
 tan A= side opposite to angle A /adjacent side=BC/AC
 cosec A=hypotenuse/ side opposite to angle A =AB/BC
 sec A=hypotenuse/adjacent side=AB/AC
 cot A=adjacent side/ side opposite to angle A =AC/BC

4. Trigonometric table for different angles

5. The value of sin A or cos A never exceeds 1, whereas the value of sec A or cosec A
is always greater than or equal to 1 for 0° ≤ A ≤ 90°,
6. Trigonometric Identities:
* sin2 A + cos2 A = 1,
* sec2 A – tan2 A = 1
* cosec2 A – cot2 A = 1
 7. Note that
*sinA is not the product of Sine and A.
*Sin2A is equal to (sinA)2

MCQ Type Questions

1. In ∆ ABC, right-angled at B, AB = 24 cm, BC = 7 cm. The value of tan C is:

(a) 12/7

(b) 24/7

(c) 20/7

(d) 7/24

2. 1 – cos2A is equal to:

(a) sin2A

(b) tan2A

(c) 1 – sin2A

(d) sec2A

3. The value of sin 60° cos 30° + sin 30° cos 60° is:

(a) 0

(b) 1

(c) 2

(d) 4

4. If sin A = 1/2 , then the value of cot A is

(a) √3

(b) 1/√3

(c) √3/2
(d) 1

5. What is the minimum value of sin A, 0 ≤ A ≤ 90°

(a) -1
(b) 0
(c) 1
(d) 12

6. 9sec2A – 9 tan2A =

(a) 1

(b) 9

(c) 8

(d) 0

7. sin A = cos A is true when A =

(a)00

(b) 300

(c) 450

(d)None of the above

8. Evaluate (sec A + tan A) (1 – sin A)

(a) sec A

(b) sin A

(c) cosec A

(d) cos A

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a

statement of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation
of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

9. Assertion: sinA is the product of sin and A.

Reason: The value of sinθ increases as θ increases.

10. Assertion: sin(A+B)=sinA + sinB

Reason: For any value of θ, 1+tan2θ = sec2θ

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1.Find the value of θ in the following, θ is an acute angle.

(i) 2 sin 2θ = 1

2.In ΔABC right angled at B, sin C = 5/13. Find sin A.

3. Evaluate 2 tan2 45° + cos2 30° – sin2 60°.

4.If tan (A + B) =√3 and tan (A – B) =1/√3, 0° < A + B ≤ 90°; A > B, find A and B.

5.If sec θ + tan θ = 7, the compute the value of sec θ – tan θ

6.Find the value of sin 45 °- Cos 45°.

7.If ∠A and ∠B are acute angles such that cos A = cos B, then show that ∠ A = ∠ B.

8.If sin2 θ = ½, then find value of tan2 θ

9. If cos X = a/b, then find sin x .

10. If sinθ−cosθ=0, then the find value of (sin4 θ + cos4 θ) .

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1−𝑐𝑜𝑠θ
1.Prove that (cosec 𝜃 - cot 𝜃) 2 =1+𝑐𝑜𝑠θ

2.Prove that sec A (1 – sin A) (sec A + tan A) = 1.

3. If 1 + sin2θ = 3sinθ cosθ , then prove that tanθ = 1 or ½

1
4. Prove that : (cosec θ – sin θ ) (sec θ – cos θ) = tanθ + 𝑐𝑜𝑡θ
 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°
5. Evaluate :
𝑠𝑒𝑐30°+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐30°

6. In triangle ABC, right-angled at B, if tan A = 1/3, find the value of:

(i) sin A cos C + cos A sin C

7. In triangle PQR, right-angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the

values of sin P, cos P and tan P.

8. Prove that : (sinA +cosecA) 2+(cosA +secA)2= 7 +tan2 A+ cot2 A.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀−𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀+𝟏
1. Prove that : 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐀+𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐀−𝟏= cosecA+cotA

𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐀 𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐀
2. Prove that : 𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐀 + 𝟏−𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐀 = 1+secA cosec A
3. If cos θ + sin θ = √2 cos θ, show that cos θ – sin θ = √2 sin θ.
4. Prove that: a2 + b2 = x2 + y2 when a cos θ – b sin θ = x and a sin θ + b cos θ = y.
a2 b2
5. If x = a sin θ and y = b tan θ, then prove that - y2 = 1.
x2

6. If tan A+sin A =m ,tan A-sinA=n ,show that m2-n2=√4mn

7. Prove the identity: sec6A= tan6A + 3tan2A.sec2A + 1

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

1. To increase the beauty of BIO DIVERSITY PARK in a school, some bird houses
were hanged on the branches of trees. Considering the front side of bird
house as right angled triangle ABC right angled at B, answer the following
questions:

a) What is the value of tan A?

b) Find the value of cosA?
c) Find sinC + cosA ?
 Or

Express tan A in terms of cos A.

2. There is a children park in a society of Janakpuri,Delhi. Children of society

loves to play on a slide in that park. One of them observes that it is forming a
right triangle. If it represents the following triangle, then answer the
following questions:

a) Find the value of cosƟ ?

b) What will be the value of Ɵ?
c) Evaluate sin60 ○+ cos 30 ○
Or
Find the value of tan Ɵ.
3. Truss Bridge, bridge with its load-bearing structures composed of a series of
wooden or metal triangles, known as trusses. Given that a triangle cannot be
distorted by stress, a truss gives a stable form capable of supporting
considerable external loads over a large span. One of such triangle is given in
the figure , observe and answer the following:

a) Find the length of side AC?

b) Find the angle C and hence sin C?
c) Evaluate sin260○+ cos230○
Or
Find value of cot C?

ANSWER KEY
 MCQ
1. b
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. b
6. b
7. c
8. d
9. d
10. d

VERY SHORT ANSWER

1. 15 degrees
2. 12/13
3. 2
4. 45deg.,15 deg.
5. 1/7
6. 0
7. Given that
cosA=cosB
AC/AB=BC/AB
AC=BC
In triangle , angles opposite equal side are equal
∠B=∠A

8. 1
9. √b2-a2/b
10. 1/2.

CASE STUDY

1. a) 7/24
b) 24/25
c) 48/25
or
1-cos2A/cos2A

2. a) 16/32 = ½
b) 60deg.
c) √3
or
√3

3. A) 20
b) 60 deg., √3/2
c) 3/2
or
1/√3
 CH- 9

SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

Introduction:
Trigonometry can be used to measure the height of a building or trees, mountains etc. It
is the study of relationship between the ratios of the right-angled triangle’s sides and its
angles. The word ‘Heights & Distances’ is extensively used in the Trigonometry while
dealing with its applications as it helps in finding the heights and distances of various
objects without measuring them. It is extensively used in our Real life.
In solving the problems of heights and distances, two types of
angles are involved: The angle of Elevation & The angle of
Depression
Key Terms & Concepts:
Horizontal Plane: A plane parallel to the earth is called the Horizontal Plane
Horizontal Line: A line drawn parallel to horizontal plane is called a horizontal line.
Line of Sight – The line which is drawn from the eyes of the observer to the point being
viewed on the object is known as the ‘Line of Sight’.
Angle of Elevation: The angle of elevation of the point on the object (above horizontal
level) viewed by the observer is the angle which is formed by the line of sight with the
horizontal level.

Angle of Depression: The angle of depression of the point on the object (below
horizontal level) viewed by the observer is the angle which is formed by the line of sight
with the horizontal level.

Note: Any two of the three parameters (Height, Distance of an object from the foot ,
Angle of elevation or the angle of depression) will be provided in the questions. The
 missing values are found by using the T- Ratios, Values of T- Ratios at Specific Angles
and related Trigonometric concepts.

In Right- Angled Triangle ABC: The most commonly used T- Ratios are Sin θ, Cos θ and
Tan θ.
sin θ =
cos θ
=

Alternative Terms used: Opposite Side = Perpendicular; Adjacent Side = Base

Mnemonics/Phrases to Remember the definitions of T- Ratios:

T- Ratios at some Specific Angles:

T- Ratio/Angles 00 300 450 600 900
Sin 0 1

Cos 1 0

Tan 0 1 √3 Undefined

Multiple Choice Questions [1 Mark]

Q1. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground, which is 30
m away from the foot a tower of height 10√3 m is ________.
(a) 450 (b) 600 (c) 300 (d) 900
Q2. The ratio of the length of a tree and its shadow is 1 : . The angle of the Sun’s
elevation is ______.
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) 900
Q3. If the height and the length of the shadow of a man are the same, then the angle of
elevation of the Sun is _____.
(a) 300 (b) 600 (c) 900 (d) 450
Q4. If the length of the shadow of a tower is √3 times its height, then the angle of
elevation of the Sun is _______.
(a) 450 (b) 300 (c) 600 (d) 900
Q5. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower of height 200√3 m at a point 200 m
away from the base of the tower is _______.
(a) 300 (b) 450 (c) 600 (d) None of these
Q6. A bridge, in the shape of a straight path across a river, makes an angle of 600 with
the width of the river. If the length of the bridge is 100 m, then the width of the river is
________.
(a) 50 m (b) 173.2 m (c) 43.3. m (d) 100 m
Q7. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground 30 m away
from the foot of the tower is 300. The height of the tower is ________.
(a) 30 m (b) 10√3 m (c) 20 m (d) 10√2 m
Q8. A ladder makes an angle of 60 with the ground, when placed along a wall. If the foot
0

of the ladder is 8 m away from the wall, then the length of the ladder is _______.
(a) 4 m (b) 8 m (c) 8√2 m (d) 16 m
Q9. The height of a tower is 200 m. When the altitude of the Sun is 300, the length of the
tower’s shadow is _______.
(a) 100√3 m (b) 200√3 m (c) 300√3 m (d) 200 m
Q10. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point 200 m away from its base
is 600. The height of the tower is ______.
m
Q11. The slope of the hill makes an angle of 600 with the horizontal. If one has to walk
500 m to reach the top of the hill, then the height of the hill is _________.
(a) 500√3 m m (c) 250√3 m m
Q12. The length of that portion of a bridge over a river, which is exactly above the
river, is 150 m and the bridge makes an angle of 450 with the bank of the river. Then
the width of the river is ______. m (b) 75 m (c) 150√3 m (d) 150√2 m
Q13. The angle of elevation of an aeroplane flying at a height of 1500 m from the ground
level, is found to be 600 from the ATC unit of an Airport. The horizontal distance of the
aeroplane from the ATC unit of the airport is ______.
(a) 500√3 m (b) 1500√3 m (c) 1000√3 m (d) 1500 m
Q14. The angle of elevation of a bird sitting on the top of a tree as seen from a point at a
distance of 20 m from the base of the tree is 600. The height of the tree is ______.
(a) 20√3 m (b) 10√3 m (c) 20 m (d) 10 m
Q15. The upper end of a ladder reaches the top of a wall. The lower end of the ladder is
at a distance of 1.5 m from the wall and makes an angle of 600 with the ground. The
height of the wall is _____.

(a) 3√3 m (b) √3 m m m

Q16. From the top of a 10 m high tower, the angle of depression of a point on the ground
is found to be 300. The distance of the point from the foot of the tower is ______.
(a) 10 m (b) 10√3 m m (d) 5√3 m
Q17. Find the angle of depression, of a point on the ground at a distance of 10√3 m from
the base of the tower, from the top of a tower whose height is 10 m.
(a) 450 (b) 300 (c) 600 (d) 900
Q18. The tops of two poles of height 16 m and 10 m are connected by a wire of length ‘l’
metres. If the wire makes an angle of 300 with the horizontal, then ‘l’ is _____.
(a) 26 m (b) 16 m (c) 12 m (d) 10 m
Q19. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point ‘P’ on the ground is α.
After walking a distance‘d’ towards the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation is found
to be β. Then ______.
(a) α < β (b) α = β (c) α > β (d) Can’t be determined
Q20. From the top of a tower, the angles of depressions of two points at distances 4 m
and 9 m from the base of the tower are complementary to each other. The height of the
tower is ______.
(a) 3 m (b) 6 m (c) 8 m (d) 36 m

Short Answer Type Questions [SAQ – 1] [2 Marks]

Q21. On a straight line passing through the foot of a tower, two points C and D are at
distances 4 m and 16 m from the foot of the tower respectively. If the angles of elevation
from C and D of the top of the tower are complementary, then find the height of the
tower.
Q22. The shadow of a tower of height (√3 + 1) m standing on the ground is found to be
‘x’ metres at a certain moment and it is 2 m longer when the Sun’s elevation is 300. Find
the Sun’s elevation when the length of the shadow was ‘x’ metres.
Q23. A Peacock is sitting on the top of a tree. It observes a serpent on the ground
making an angle of depression of 300. The peacock catches the serpent in 12 seconds by
moving at a speed of 300 m/min.
What is the height of the tree?
Q24. From the foot of a tower, 25 m high, the angle of elevation of the top of a pillar is
600 and from the top of tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the pillar is 300. Find
the height of the pillar.
Q25. An observer 1.5 m tall, is 28.5 m away from a 30 m high tower. Determine the
angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the eye of the observer.
Q26. The shadow of a tower at a time is three times as long as its shadow when the
angle of elevation of the sun is 600. Find the angle of elevation of the sun at the time of
longer shadow.
Q27. From the top of a 120 m high tower, a man observes two cars on the opposite sides
of the tower and in a straight line with the base of the tower with angles of depression
as 600 and 450. Find the distance between the two cars.
Q28. From a point on the ground, the angles of elevation of the bottom and the top of a
transmission tower fixed on the top of a 20 m high building are found to be 450 and 600
respectively. Find the height of the tower.

Short Answer Type Questions [SAQ – 2] [3 Marks]

Q29. A moving boat is observed from the top of a 150 m high cliff moving away from the
cliff. The angle of depression of the boat changes from 600 to 450 in 2 minutes. Find the
speed of the boat in metres per hour.
Q30. From the top of a 7 m high building, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is
found to be 600 and the angle of depression of its foot is found to be 450. Find the height
of the tower.
Q31. The angle of elevation of the top of a hill at the foot of a tower is 600 and the angle
of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the hill is found to be 300. If the
height of the tower is 50 m, then find the height of the hill.
Q32. The angles of depression of the top and bottom of a 50 m high building from the
top of a tower are 450 and 600 respectively. Find the height of the tower and the
horizontal distance between the tower and the building.
Q33. A man standing on the deck of a ship, which is 10 m above the water level,
observes the angle of elevation of the top of a cliff as 600 and the angle of depression of
the base of the cliff as 300. Find the distance of the cliff from the ship and the height of
the cliff.
Q34. Two men on either side of a 75 m high building and in line with the base of the
building observe the angles of elevation of the top of the building as 300 and 600. Find
the distance between the two men. Q35. The angles of elevation and depression of the
top and the bottom of a tower from the top of a building 60 m high are 300 and 600
respectively. Find the difference between the heights of the tower and the building.
Also, find the distance between them.
Q36. The horizontal distance between two poles is 15 m. The angle of depression of the
top of the first pole as seen from the top of the second pole is 300. If the height of the
second pole is 24 m, find the height of the first pole.

Long Answer Type Questions [LAQ] [5 Marks]

Q37. Two poles of equal heights are on either side of the road of width 80 m. From a
point between them on the road, the angles of elevation of the top of the poles are 600
and 300 respectively. Find the height of the poles and the distances of the point from the
poles.
Q38. As observed from the top of a 100 m high light house from the sea- level, the angles
of depressions of two ships are 300 and 450. If one ship is exactly behind the other on
the same side of the light house, find the distance between the ships.
Q39. The angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 60 m above the surface of the water
of a lake is 300 and the angle of depression of its shadow in water of the lake is 600. Find
the height of the cloud from the surface of the water.
Q40. An aeroplane is flying at a height of 300 m above the ground. Flying at this height,
the angles of depression from the plane of two points on both the banks of a river in
opposite directions are 450 and 600 respectively. Find the width of the river.
Q41. A man observes a car from the top of a tower, which is moving towards the tower
with a uniform speed. If the angle of depression of the car changes from 300 to 450 in 12
minutes, then find the time taken by the car to reach the point from that position.
Q42. A bird is sitting on the top of a 80 m high tree. From a point on the ground, the
angle of elevation of the bird is 450. The bird flies away horizontally in such a way that it
remained at a constant height from the ground. After 2 seconds, the angle of elevation of
the bird from the same point is 300. Find the speed of flight of the bird.
Q43. The angle of elevation of an aeroplane from a point A on the ground is 600. After a
flight of 15 seconds, the angle of elevation changes to 300. If the aeroplane is flying at a
constant height of 1500√3 m, then find the speed of the plane is kmph.
Q44. An aeroplane, when flying at a height of 4000 m from the ground passes vertically
above another plane. At an instant when the angles of elevation of the two planes from
the same point on the ground are 600 and 450 respectively.

Case Study Based Questions[CSBQs] [4 Marks]

Q45. We all have seen the airplanes flying in the sky but might have not thought of how
they actually reach the correct destination. Air Traffic Control (ATC) is a service
provided by ground- based air traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and
through a given section of controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to
aircraft in non- controlled airspace. Actually, all this air traffic is managed and regulated
by using various concepts based on coordinate geometry and trigonometry.. At a given
instance, ATC finds the angle of elevation of an aeroplane from a point on the ground is
600. After a flight of 30 seconds, it is observed that the angle of elevation changes to 300.
The height of the plane remains constantly as 3000√3 m. Use the information provided
and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Draw a neat labelled figure to show the given situation diagrammatically.
(b) What is the speed of the plane in kmph?
(c) What is the distance travelled by the plane in 30 seconds?
(or)
Keeping the height constant, during the above flight, it was observed that after
15(√3 – 1) seconds, the angle of elevation changed to 450. How much is the
distance travelled in that duration? Q46. Trigonometry in the form of triangulation
forms the basis of navigation, whether it is by land, sea or air. GPS, a Radio Navigation
System helps to locate our position on earth with the help of satellites. A guard
stationed at the top of a 240 m tower observed an unidentified boat coming towards it.
A clinometers or inclinometer is an instrument used for measuring angles or slopes
(tilt). The guard used the clinometers to measure the angle of depression of the boat
coming towards the tower and found it to be 300.
(a) Make a labelled figure on the basis of the given information and calculate the
distance of the boat from the foot of the observation tower.
(b) After 10 minutes, the guard observed that the boat was approaching the tower
and its distance from the tower is reduced by 240(√3 – 1) m. He immediately
raised the alarm. What was the new angle of depression of the boat from the top
of the observation tower?
(c) Find the distance between the top of the tower and the initial position of the
boat. (or)
Find the speed of the boat.
Q47. A building is made by keeping the lower window of a building at a particular
height above the ground and upper window is constructed at some height exactly
vertically above the lower window. Position of both the windows is shown in the given
diagram. At certain instant, the angle of elevation of a balloon from both the windows is
shown. Balloon is flying at a constant height H above the ground. Based on this
information, answer the questions given:

(a) Find the length AR, in terms of H.

(b) Find the value of H.
(c) Find the distance of the balloon from the lower window.
(or)
Find the distance of the balloon from the upper window.
Q48. In the given figure, a tower is shown of height 80 m. A bird is sitting on the top of
the tower as shown at point A. The bird flies away horizontally but remains at constant
height. In 2 seconds, the angle of elevation from the observation point C changes from
450 to 300 as the bird flew away from A to D, as shown. Based on the information
provided, answer the questions given below:
 (a) Find the
distance BC.
(b) Find the
distance CE.
(c) Find the
speed of the
bird, when
it flew from
A to D.
(or)
If the bird covers distance AD in 5 seconds, then find the speed of the bird in m/s.
Q49. A boy is standing at the top of a light house. He observed boat P and boat Q are
approaching the light house from opposite directions. He finds that the angle of
depression of boat P is 450 and that of boat Q is 300. He also knows that the height of the
light house is 100 m.
Based on the information provided, answer the questions given below:

(a) Find the measure of ACD.

(b) Find the length of CD.
(c) Find the length of BD.
(or)
 Find the length of AC.
Q50. A group of students of class X visited India Gate on an education trip. The teacher
and the students had interest in History as well. The teacher narrated about the India
Gate, official name Delhi Memorial, originally called All – India War Memorial,
monumental sandstone arch in New Delhi, dedicated to the troops of British India who
died in wars fought between 1914 and 1919. The teacher also said that India Gate,
which is located at the Eastern end of the Raj Path (formerly known as the Kingsway), is
about 138 feet (42 m) in height.
(a) What is the angle of elevation if they are standing at a distance of 42 m away
from the monument?
(b) They want to see the tower at an angle of 600. So they want to know the distance
where they should stand and hence find the distance.
(c) If the altitude of the Sun is at 600, then find the height of a vertical tower that
casts a shadow of length 20 m.
(or)
The ratio of the length of a rod and its shadow is 1 : 1. Find the angle of elevation of the
Sun.

Assertion & Reasoning Based Questions [1 Mark]

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is provided along with a
statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option from the following:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of the Assertion. (b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but
Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Q51. Assertion (A): If the angle of the elevation of the Sun, above a perpendicular line
(tower) decreases, then the length of the shadow increases.
Reason (R): It is due to the decrease in the slope of the line of sight.
Q52. Assertion (A): When we move towards the object, the angle of elevation decreases.
Reason (R): As we move towards the object, it subtends a larger angle at our eye
than before. Q53. Assertion (A): The line of sight is the line drawn from the eye of an
observer to the point in the object viewed by the observer.
Reason (R): Trigonometric ratios are used to find height or length of an object or
the distance between two objects.
Q54. Assertion (A): If the length of the shadow of a vertical pole is equal to its height,
then the angle of elevation of the Sun is 450.
Reason (R): According to the Pythagoras Theorem, h2
= l2 + b2, where h = hypotenuse, l =
perpendicular and b = base.
For Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs):

Q1. 300 (c) Q2. 600 (c) Q3. 450 (d) Q4. 300 (b)
Q5. 600 (c) Q6. 50 m (a) Q7. 10√3 m (b) Q8. 16 m
(d)
Q9. 200√3 m (b) Q10. 200√3 m (c) Q11. 250√3 m (c) Q12. m (a)
Q13. 500√3 m (a) Q14. 20√3 m (a) 3√3 Q16. 10√3 m
Q15. (b)
m (d)
2
Q17. 300 (b) Q18. 12 m (c) Q19. α < β (a) Q20. 6 m (a)

For Short Answer Questions (SAQ – 1):

Q21. Height of the tower = 8 m
Q22. Angle of the Sun’s elevation = θ = 450
Q23. Speed = 300 m/min = 5 m/s
Height of the tree = 30 m
Q24. Height of the pillar = 37.5 m
Q25. Angle of elevation = θ = 450
Q26. Angle of elevation = θ = 300
Q27. Distance between the cars = 189.28 m
Q28. Height of the tower = h = 14.64 m

For Short Answer Questions (SAQ – 2):

Q29. Distance covered in 2 minutes =
50(3 - √3) m Distance
covered in 1 minute = 25(3 -
√3) m.
 Speed = 25(3 - √3) m/min = 31.7 m/min = 1902 metres per hour
Q30.Height of the tower = 7(√3 + 1) m
Q31.Height of the hill = 150 m
Q32.Height of the tower = 118.25 m & Distance between the tower and the building =
68.25 m
Q33. Distance between the ship and the cliff = 10√3 m
Height of the cliff = 40 m
Q34.Distance between the two men = 155.7 m
Q35. Height of the tower = 80 m
 Difference in their heights = 80 – 60 m = 20 m Distance between them =
20√3 m = 34.64 m
Q36. Height of the first pole = 15.34 m
 Distance of the point from Pole – 1 = 20 m
Distance of the point from Pole – 2 = 60 m
Q38. Distance between the ships = 73.2 m
Q39. Height of the cloud from the surface of water = h = 120 m
Q40. Width of the river = 47.32 m
Q41. Time required to reach the tower from the given point = 16.39 minutes =
16 minute 23 seconds Q42. Distance covered by the bird in 2 seconds = 58.56 m
Speed = 29.28 m/s.
Q43. Distance covered by the plane in 15 seconds = 3000 m
 Speed = 200 m/s = 20 kmph = 720 kmph
Q44. Vertical distance between the planes = 1690.53 m

Case Study Based Questions (CSBQs):

Q45.

a.
b. Speed = m/s = 200 m/s = 200 X kmph = 720 kmph
c. Plane travelled a distance of 6000 m in 30 seconds.
(or)
Distance travelled =
3000(√3 – 1) m Q46.

a.
Distance of the boat from the foot of the observation tower = 240√3 m
b. The new angle of depression is 450
c. Distance between the top of the tower & the initial position of boat = 480 m
(or)
 Speed = m/min = 1) m/s
Q47.
a. AR = √3(H – 8) m
b. H = 11 m
c. Distance of the balloon from the lower window = 6√3 m
(or)
Distance of the balloon from the upper
window = 6 m Q48.
a. BC = 80 m
b. CE = 80√3 m
c. Speed = m/s = 29.28 m/s
(
or) Speed = m/s = 11.712
m/s
Q49.
a. ∠ACD = ∠CAX = 450
b. CD = AD = 100 m
c. BD = 100√3 m (or) AC = 100√2 m
Q50.
a. Angle of elevation = θ = 450
b. They should stand at a distance of 14√3 m from the monument.
c. Height of the vertical tower = 20√3 m
(or)
Angle of elevation of the Sun = 450

For Assertion & Reasoning Based Questions:

Q51. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason is the correct explanation
of the Assertion.
Q52. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.
Q53. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason is not the correct
explanation of the Assertion. Q54. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but
Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
CHAPTER -10 CIRCLES
Circle – Circle is locus of a point which moves in the plane such a way that it’s distance
from a fixed point always remains constant. This fixed point is called centre of circle and
this constant distance is called radius of circle.
Radius :- A line segment joining centre of circle to any point on the circle is called radius
of circle

Tangent :- A tangent is a line which meets the circle only at one point.

Secant :-A secant is a line which meets the circle at two points while intersecting it.
These two points are always distinct.

Chord :- A chord of a circle is a line segment joining two points on the circle.

Diameter -: Diameter is a chord of circle which passes through centre.

Tangent Properties

 The tangent always touches the circle at a single point, which is called point of
contact.
 It is perpendicular to the radius of the circle at the point of contact.
 It never intersects the circle at two points.
 Only one tangent can be drawn at a point on the circle.
 Two tangents can be drawn from an external point to the circle.
 The length of tangents from an external point to a circle are equal
 Angle between two radii of a circle is supplementary to the angle between the
tangents at the ends of the radii.
 Tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter are parallel to each other
 Theorem 1

Statement: The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact.

Given: AB is tangent to the circle C(O,r) at point A.

To Prove: OA is perpendicular to AB.

Proof

OA=OC (Radii of circle)

Now OB=OC+BC
∴OB>OC (OC being radius and B any point on tangent)
⇒OA<OB (OC = OA = Radius )
B is an arbitrary point on the tangent outside the circle.
Thus, OA is shorter than any other line segment joining O to any
point on tangent.
Similarly if we take any point on tangent AB other than A we see that all points are outside the
circle and hence all line segments from centre O to tangent AB are longer than OA .
So we find OA (radius) is shortest of all line segments from O to AB .
Shortest distance of a point from a given line is the perpendicular distance from that line.
Hence, the tangent at any point of circle is perpendicular to the radius
Theorem 2
Statement: The tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

Given: PT and QT are two tangents drawn from an external point T to the circle C(O,r).
To Prove: PT=TQ

Construction: Join OT.

Proof: We know that a tangent to a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact.

∴∠OPT=∠OQT=90⁰

In △OPT and △OQT,

∠OPT=∠OQT (90⁰)

OT=OT (common)

OP=OQ (Radius of the circle)

∴△OPT≅△OQT (By RHS criterion)

So, PT=QT (By CPCT)

Hence, the tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

MCQ(1 Mark)

Q1. The distance between two parallel tangents of a circle is 18 cm, then the radius of
the circle is
(a) 8 cm (b) 10 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 7.5 cm

Q2. Out of the two concentric circles, the radius of the outer circle is 5 cm and the chord
AC of length 8 cm is a tangent to the inner circle. The radius of the inner circle will be
(a) 3 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 2.5 cm (d) 2 cm

Q3. The tangent to a circle is ___________ to the radius through the point of contact.
(a) parallel (b) perpendicular (c) perpendicular bisector (d) bisector

Q4. If two tangents PA and PB from external point P inclined at an angle 60° are drawn
to a circle with centre O and radius 3 cm, then length of each tangent is equal to
(a) (3/2)√3 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 3√3 cm

Q5. A line intersecting a circle in two points is called a _______.

(a) Secant (b) Chord (c) Diameter (d) Tangent

Q6. If angle between two radii of a circle is 130°, the angle between the tangents at the
ends of the radii is
(a) 90° (b) 50° (c) 70° (d) 40°
 Q7. The length of the tangent from an external point A on a circle with centre O is (a)
always greater than OA (b) equal to OA
(c) always less than OA (d) cannot be estimated

Q8. If a parallelogram circumscribes a circle, then it is a:

(a) Square (b) Rectangle (c) Rhombus (d) None of the above

Q9. The length of a tangent from a point A at a distance 5 cm from the centre of the circle
is 4 cm. The radius of the circle is:
(a) 3 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 7 cm (d) 10 cm

Q10. AB is a chord of the circle and AOC is its diameter such that angle ACB = 50°. If AT is
the tangent to the circle at the point A, then BAT is equal to

(a) 65° (b) 60° (c) 50° (d) 40°

Assertion and Reason Questions (1 Marks)

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a

statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true.

Q1. Assertion(A): If length of a tangent from an external point to a circle is 8 cm, then
length of the other tangent from the same point is 8 cm.
Reason(R): length of the tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

Q2. Assertion(A): In a cyclic quadrilateral if one angle is 40⁰ then opposite angle is of 140⁰
Reason(R): Sum of opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral is 360⁰
Q3. Assertion(A): From a point Q, the length of the tangent to a circle is 24 cm and the
distance of Q from the centre is 25 cm. Then radius of the circle is 7cm.
Reason(R): Radius makes perpendicular from the centre to the point of contact on the
circle which is touching the tangent.

Q4. Assertion(A): A tangent is a line which meets the circle only at one point.
Reason(R): A secant is a line which meets the circle at two points while intersecting it.
These two points are always distinct.

Q5. Assertion(A): The tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter of a circle are parallel.
Reason(R): A quadrilateral ABCD is drawn to circumscribe a circle then AB + CD = AD + BC.
Case study1:

Ferris Wheel

A Ferris wheel (or a big wheel in the United Kingdom) is an amusement ride consisting of a
rotating upright wheel with multiple passenger-carrying components (commonly referred
to as passenger cars, cabins, tubs, capsules, gondolas, or pods) attached to the rim in such a
way that as the wheel turns, they are kept upright, usually by gravity.
After taking a ride in Ferris wheel, Aarti came out from the crowd and was observing her
friends who were enjoying the ride . She was curious about the different angles and
measures that the wheel will form. She forms the figure as given below.
Q1. In the given figure, find ∠ROQ and ∠RQP. (2 marks)
Q2. Find ∠RSQ. (1 mark )
Q3. Find ∠ORQ. (1 mark )

Case study2:

Logo design
Varun has been selected by his School to design logo for Sports Day T-shirts for students
and staff . The logo design is as given in the figure and he is working on the fonts and
different colours according to the theme. In given figure, a circle with centre O is
inscribed in a ΔABC, such that it touches the sides AB, BC and CA at points D, E and F
respectively. The lengths of sides AB, BC and CA are 12 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm respectively.

Q1. Find the length of AD, BE and CF. (2 marks)

Q2. If radius of the circle is 4cm, Find the area of ∆OAB. (1 mark)

Q3. Find area of ∆ABC. (1 mark)

Case study3:

Fun activity

A student draws two circles that touch each other externally at point K with centres A
and B and radii 6 cm and 4 cm, respectively as shown in the figure.
Q1. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (2 marks)
(i) Find the value of PA =
(ii) The value of PK =

Q2. Find the value of QY. (1 mark)

Q3. If two circles touch externally, then find the number of common tangents can be
drawn. (1 marks)

Case Study-4

Decorative Fountain

A fountain is a decorative reservoir or a structure that jets water into the air for a
decorative effect. Now a days, LEDs of different colours are placed on their bases and by
controlling the pressure of water, various dancing fountain shows are organized at
different places. In a society garden, a boundary was constructed around a circular
fountain to restrict the children from playing with water.

Suppose the boundary was constructed in the shape of a quadrilateral ABCD, such that
the walls AB, BC, CD and DA touches the fountain at points P, Q, R and S respectively.
On the basis of above information, answer the following questions.

Q1. If the LEDs are placed along the boundaries of the four walls, then prove that AB +
CD = BC + AD. (2 marks)

Q2. Is AP = AS? If yes, reason? (1 marks)

Q3. Let O be the centre of the fountain and ∠PAS = 90°, prove that ASOP is a square.

Very Short Answer (2 Marks)

Q1. If the angle between two tangents drawn from an external point P to a circle of
radius a and centre O, is 60°, then find the length of OP.

Q2. In the given fig, PA and PB are tangents to the circle from an external point P. CD is
also a tangent touching the circle at Q. If PA = 12cm, QC = QD = 3 cm, then find PC + PD.
Q3. In fig., QR is a common tangent to the given circles, touching externally at the point
T. The tangent at T meet QR at P. If PT = 3.8 cm, find the length of QR.

Q4.In figure, PQ is a tangent at a point C to a circle with centre O. If AB is a diameter and

∠CAB = 30°, find ∠PCA.

Q5.In fig., if AD = 15 cm, CF = 12 cm and BE = 7 cm, then find the perimeter of the
△ABC.

Q6. Two tangents are drawn to a circle from an external point P, touching the circle at
the points A and B and a third tangent intersects segment PA in C and segment PB in D
and touches the circle at Q. If PA = 20 units, then find the perimeter of ∆PCD.

Q7.PQ and PR are two tangents drawn from the point P to the circle whose centre is at
O. If reflex ∠QOR = 260°, then find ∠QPR.
Q8. Prove that the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through
the point of contact.

Q9. AP and BP are tangents to a circle with centre O, such that AP = 5 cm and ∠APB =
60°. Find the length of chord AB.
Q10.Prove that the tangents drawn at the ends of a diameter are parallel to each other.

Short Answer (3 Marks)

Q1.From an external point P, tangents PA and PB are drawn to a circle with centre O.
If ∠PAB = 50°, then find ∠AOB.

Q2. Prove that the lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

Q3. In the figure, PQ and RS are the common tangents to two circle intersecting at O.
prove that PQ = RS.

Q4. In Fig. PQ is a chord of length 8 cm of a circle of radius 5 cm and centre O. The

tangents at P and Q intersect at point T. Find the length of TP.
Q5. Prove that the tangents drawn at the endpoints of a chord of a circle make equal
angles with the chord.

Q6. In the fig, quadrilateral ABCD is circumscribing a circle with centre O and AD ⊥ AB.
If radius of incircle is 10 cm, then find the value of x.

Q7. In the figure, if AB = AC, then prove that BE = EC.

Q8.In fig. PA is a tangent from an external point P to a circle with centre O.

If ∠POB = 115°, then find ∠APO.
 Long Answer (5 Marks)

Q1. ABC is a right triangle, right angled at B. A circle is inscribed in it. The lengths of the
two sides containing the right angle are 6 cm and 8 cm. Find the radius of the incircle.

Q2.In figure, AP and BP are tangents to a circle with centre O, such that AP = 5 cm and
∠APB = 60° Find the length of chord AB.

Q3.In the given figure, AB is the chord of a circle with centre O. AB is produced to C such
that BC = OB. CO is joined and produced to meet the circle in D. If ∠ACD = y° and ∠AOD
= x°, prove that x° = 3y°.
Q4. Prove that the parallelogram circumscribing a circle is a rhombus.

Q5. Prove that opposite sides of a quadrilateral circumscribing a circle subtend

supplementary angles at the centre of the circle.

Q6. In a right triangle ABC in which ∠B = 90°, a circle is drawn with AB as diameter
intersecting the hypotenuse AC and P. Prove that the tangent to the circle at P bisects
BC.

Q7. If from an external point P of a circle with centre O, two tangents PQ and PR are drawn
such that ∠QPR = 120°, prove that 2PQ = PO.
Q8. In the given figure, two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with centre O from an
external point T

Prove that: ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ.

Q9.Let s denote the semi-perimeter of a triangle ABC in which BC = a, CA = b, AB = c. If a
circle touches the sides BC, CA, AB at D, E, F, respectively, prove that BD = s – b.
Q10. In Fig. PQ and RS are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another
tangent AB with the point of contact C intersecting PQ at A and RS at B. Prove that ∠AOB =
90°.

Answers
MCQ Answers (1 Marks)

Q1) (c) 9 cm Q2) (a) 3 cm Q3) (b) perpendicular Q4) (d) 3√3 cm
Q5) (a) Secant Q6) (b) 50° Q7) (c) always less than OA Q8) (c) Rhombus
Q9) (a) 3 cm Q10) (c) 50°
Assertion and Reason Answers (1 Marks)

Q1) (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
Q2) (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
Q3) (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
Q4) (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).
Q5) (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A).

Case study1:
(1) 1500 , 750 (2) 750 (3) 150

Case study2:
(1) 7 cm, 5 cm, 3 cm (2) 24 cm2 (3) 60 cm2
Case study3:
(1) 10 cm, 16 cm (2) 1 cm (3) three

Case study4:
(1) prove (2) Yes, because the tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
(3) prove

Very Short Answers (2 Marks)

Q1) OP= 2a Q2) 18 cm Q3 )7.6cm Q4) 60° Q5) 68cm Q6) 40cm
Q7) 80° Q8) Prove Q9) 5cm Q10) Prove

Short Answers (3 Marks)

Q1) 100⁰ Q2) Prove Q3) Prove Q4)20/3
Q5) Given, a circle of radius OA and centred at O with chord AB and tangents PQ & RS are
drawn from point A and B respectively.

Draw OM ⊥ AB, and join OA and OB.

In ∆OAM and ∆OMB,
OA = OB (Radii)
OM = OM (Common)
∠OMA = ∠OMB (Each 90°)
∆OAM = ∆OMB (By R.H.S. congruency)
∠OAM = ∠OBM (C.PC.T.)
Also, ∠OAP = ∠OBR = 90° (Line joining point of contact of tangent to centre is
perpendicular on it)
On addition,
∠OAM + ∠OAP = ∠OBM + ∠OBR
⇒ ∠PAB = ∠RBA ⇒ ∠PAQ – ∠PAB = ∠RBS – ∠RBA ⇒ ∠QAB = ∠SBA
Q6) 21 cm
Q7) Given: AB = AC
To Prove: BE = EC
Since, length of tangent from an external point are equal.
∴ AD = AF …….. (i)
BE = BD …….. (ii)
EC = CF ……. (iii)
But, AB = AC
AD + BD = AF + FC (Given)
⇒ AF + BD = AF + FC [from (i)]
⇒ BD = CF ⇒ BE = EC [From (ii) and (iii)] Hence, proved.
Q8) 25°
Long Answers (5 Marks)
Q1) Let ‘r’ be radius of the circle. Further, let D, E, F are the points where the incircle
touches the sides AB, BC, CA respectively. Then OD = OE = OF = r cm
Also, AB = 8 cm and BC = 6 cm
Since, the tangents to a circle from an external point are equal, we have
AF = AD = (8 – r) cm
and CF = CE = (6 – r) cm
∴ AC = AF + CF = (8 – r) + (6 – r)
= 14 – 2 r
Using Pythagoras Theorem
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
⇒ (14 – 2r)2 = 82 + 62 = 100
⇒ 14 – 2r = 10
⇒ 2r = 4
⇒ r = 2 cm
Hence, the radius of incircle is 2
Q2)
As the lengths of the tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
∴ PA = PB
In ∆PAB, sides PA and PB are of the same length.
Hence, ∆PAB is isosceles, with PA = PB and ∠PAB = ∠PBA = x (say).
It is given that
∠APB = 60°
In ∆PAB
∠PAB + ∠PBA + ∠APB =180°
[Angle sum property of A]
∴ x + x + 60° = 180°
⇒ 2x = 120°
⇒ x = 60°
Thus, ∠PAB = ∠PBA = ∠APB = 60°
⇒ ∆PAB is equilateral triangle therefore, AB = AP = BP = 5 cm.
Q3)

Given that,
BC = OB
⇒ ∠OCB = ∠BOC = y°.
In ∆OBC, Exterior ∠OBA = ∠BOC +∠OCB
= y° + y° = 2y°
Now, OA = OB (Radii of same circle)
⇒ ∠OAB = ∠OBA = 2y°
In ∆AOC, Exterior ∠AOD = ∠OAC + ∠OCA
= 2y° + y° = 3y°
But, ∠AOD = x° (Given that)
∴ x°= 3y°
Q4) Prove Q5) Prove Q6) Prove Q7) Prove Q8) Prove Q9) Prove
Q10) Prove
 CHAPTER -11 AREAS RELATED TO
CIRCLES
MAIN CONCEPTS

A closed, round geometric figure in which the set of all the points in the plane is
equidistant from a given point called ‘center’.

Parts of a circle: -

Perimeter of a Circle: - The distance covered by travelling once around a circle

is its perimeter, usually called its circumference. It is 2πr.

Area of a Circle: - The area enclosed by a circle of radius r is πr².

𝟐𝟐
● π is equal to or 3.14 depending on the given question.
𝟕

Area of the circular path formed by two concentric circles of radii R and r (R>r
)

= 𝝅R2- 𝝅𝒓2= (R𝟐- 𝒓𝟐)

Sector and Segment of a Circle: -

𝜽
 Area of the minor sector of angle θ =𝟑𝟔𝟎
× ×πr
2

 Area of major sector of angle θ = πr2 – Area of the minor sector

 𝜽
 Length of an arc of a sector of angle θ = ×2πr
𝟑𝟔𝟎

where r is the radius of the circle and θ the angle of the sector in
degrees.

● θ is

called the

central angle.

Areas of

Segment of a

Circle: -

 Area of the segment APB = Area of the sector OAPB – Area of Δ OAB
𝜽 1
=𝟑𝟔𝟎 ×πr2− 2 r2sinθ

 Area of major segment AQB = πr2 – Area of the minor

segment APB

SOLVED QUESTIONS

1. If the perimeter of the circle and square are equal, then the ratio of their
areas will be equal to:

(a) 14:11 (b) 22:7 (c) 7:22 (c)

11:14

Ans: - (a) 14:11

Explanation: Given,The perimeter of circle = perimeter of square

2πr = 4a
 a=πr/2

Area of

square

a2=(πr/

2)2

Acircle/

Asquare

πr2/(πr/

2)2 =

14/11

2. The area of a sector of a circle with radius 6 cm if the angle of the sector is
60° will be.

(a) 142/7cm2 (b) 152/7 cm2 (c) 132/7 cm2 (d) 122/7 cm2

Ans: - (c) 132/7 cm2

Explanation:

Angle of the

sector is 60° Area

of sector =

(θ/360°) × π r2

∴ Area of the sector with angle 60° = (60°/360°) × π r2 cm2

= (36/6) π cm2= 6 × (22/7) cm2

= 132/7 cm2

3. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of 60° at the

center. The length of the arc is.

(a) 20cm (b) 21cm (c) 22cm (d) 25cm

Ans”- (c) 22cm

Explanation: Length of an arc = (θ/360°) × (2πr)

∴ Length of an arc AB = (60°/360°) × 2 × 22/7 × 21

= (1/6) × 2 × (22/7) × 21

Or Arc AB Length = 22cm

4. If the radius of a circle is 4.2 cm, compute its area and circumference.

Ans: -

Area of

a circle

= πr2

So,

area=π

(4.2)2

=55.44

cm2

Circumference of a circle = 2πr

So, circumference = 2π (4.2) = 26.4 cm

5. Find the area of the sector of a circle with a radius of 4cm and of angle
30°. Also, find the area of the corresponding major sector.

Ans: -
Radius = r
= 4 cm,
θ=30°
Area of
sector =
[𝜃/360]×
𝜋𝑟2
= 30/360×3.14×(4)2
= 1/12×3.14×4×4
= 1/3×3.14×4
= 12.56/3 cm2
= 4.19 cm2
 Area of major sector = ((360 − θ)/360) ×𝜋𝑟2
= ((360 − 30))/360×3.14× (4)2
= 330/360×3.14×4×4
= 11/12×3.14×4×4
= 46.05 cm2

6. A wheel has diameter 84 cm. Find how many complete revolutions must
it take to cover 792 meters.
Ans: - Let r be the radius of the wheel. Then, Diameter = 84 cm, 2r=84 ,r=42 cm
Circumference of the wheel = 2πr = 264cm = 2.64m .
So, the wheel covers 2.64 meters in one complete revolution.

Total number of revolutions in covering 792

meters = 792/2.64=300. Hence, the wheel takes

300 revolutions in covering 792 meters.

7. A chord AB of a circle of radius 10 cm makes a right angle at the Centre of

the circle. Find the area of the minor and major segments.

Ans: - Area of segment APBA = area of sector OAPB−area of ΔOAB

=θ/ (360°) ×πr2−1/2×OB×OA

= (90°)/ (360°)×22/7×10×10−1/2×10×10

=550/7-50 = (550-530)/7 = 200/7

=28.5cm2

Area of major segment = πr2−28.5=22/7×10×10−28.5

= 2200/7−28.5= (2200−199.5)/7=200.5/7

= 285.5 cm2

8. If a square is inscribed in a circle, find the ratio of the areas of the

circle and the square.

Ans: - Let ABCD be a square inscribed in a circle of radius 'r'. Now, the
diameter of circle is the diagonal of square.

Therefore, BD=2r. In △BDC, using Pythagoras

theorem BC2+CD2=BD2⇒a2+a2=(2r)
2⇒2a2=4r2⇒a2=2r2
∴Area of square = 2r2 Area of circle= πr2
Required ratio = πr2: 2r2 = π: : 2

9. In figure, ABCD is a square of side 14 cm. Semi-circles are drawn with

each side of square as diameter. Find the area of the shaded region.
Ans: - Area of the square ABCD = 14 x 14 = 196 cm² Area of
semicircle AOB=1/2 x πr²
=1/2×22/7x7x7 , Similarly, area of semicircle DOC = 77 cm²

Hence, the area of shaded region (Part W and Part Y)

= Area of square -Area of two semicircles AOB and COD

= 196 – 154 = 42 cm²

Therefore, area of four shaded parts (i.e. X, Y, W, Z) = (2 x 42) cm² = 84

cm²

10. A chord subtends an angle of 90°at the center of a circle whose radius is
20 cm. Compute the area of the corresponding major segment of the circle.

Ans: - Point to note: Area of the sector = θ/360 × π × r2

Base and height of the triangle formed will be = radius of the circle

Area of the minor segment = area of the sector –

area of the triangle formed Area of the major

segment = area of the circle – area of the minor

segment Now, Radius of circle = r = 20 cm

and Angle subtended = θ = 90

Area of the sector=θ/360 × π ×

r2=90/360 ×22/7× 202

Or, area of the sector = 314.2 cm2

 Area of the triangle = ½×base×height =

½ × 20×20 =200cm2 Area of the minor

segment = 314.2 – 200 = 114.2 cm2

Area of the circle = π × r2 = (22/7) × 202 = 1257.14

Area of the major segment = 1257.14 – 114.2 = 1142 .94 cm2

So, the area of the corresponding major segment of the circle = 1142
.94 cm2

PRACTICE

QUESTIONS

SECTION A

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. If the perimeter and the area of a circle are numerically equal, then the
radius of the circle is

(a) 2 units (b) π units (c) 4 units (d) 7

units

2. Area of a sector of angle p (in degrees) of a circle with radius R is.

(a) p/180 × 2πR (b) p/180 × π

R2

(c) p/360 × 2πR (d) p/720 ×

2πR2

3. If the sum of the areas of two circles with radii R1 and R2 is equal to
the area of a circle of radius R, then.

(a) R1 + R2 = R (b) R12 + R22 = R2

(c) R1 + R2 < R (d) R12 + R22 < R2

4. It is proposed to build a single circular park equal in area to the sum of

areas of two circular parks of diameters 16 m and 12 m in a locality. The
radius of the new park would be

(a) 10 m (b) 15 m (c) 20 m (d) 24

m

5. The area of a quadrant of a circle with circumference of 22 cm is

(a) 77 cm2 (b) 77/8 cm2 (c) 35.5 cm2 (d) 77/2 cm2

6. In a circle of radius 14 cm, an arc subtends an angle of 30° at the center, the
length of the arc is

(a) 44 cm (b) 28 cm (c) 11 cm (d) 22/3 cm

7. The length of the minute hand of a clock is 14 cm. The area swept by the
minute hand in 5 minutes is
(a) 153.9 cm² (b) 102.6 cm² (c) 51.3 cm² (d) 205.2 cm²

8. The radius of a circle whose circumference is equal to the sum of the

circumferences of the two circles of diameters 36 cm and 20 cm is.

(a) 56 cm (b) 42 cm (c) 28 cm (d) 16 cm

9. The diameter of a circle whose area is equal to the sum of the areas of
the two circles of radii 24 cm and 7 cm respectively, is.

(a) 31 cm (b) 25 cm (c) 62 cm (d) 50 cm

10. The wheel of a motorcycle is of radius 35 cm. How many revolutions

per minute must the wheel make to keep a speed of 66 km/h?

(a) 300 (b) 400 (c) 450 (d) 500

11. A cow is tied with a rope of length 14 m at the corner of a rectangular field
of dimensions 20m.× 16m, then the area of the field in which the cow can
graze is:

(a) 154 m2 (b) 156 m2 (c) 158 m2 (d) 160 m2

12. A pendulum swings through on angle of 30∘ and describes an arc 8.8 cm
in length. Find the length of pendulum in cm.

(a) 16.8 (b) 17.3 (c) 15.1 (d) 14.5

13. Radius of the outer circle is 18 cm, and the radius of the inner circle is
7 cm. What is the area of the region between the outer and the inner
 circles?

(a) 361 π cm2 (b) 133 cm2 (v) 192.5 cm2 (d) 275 π cm2

14. A wire is bent to form a circle of radius 7 cm. From the resulting
shape, a chunk of the wire is cut off, and the wire cut off measures 4 cm in
length. The length of the remaining wire is.

(a) 45cm (b) 50cm (c) 40cm (d) 42cm

15. In the figure, the area of the outer ring is

(a) Area of outer circle + Area of inner circle

(b) Area of outer circle – Area of inner circle

(c) Area of inner circle – Area of outer circle

(d) Area of outer circle

SECTION B

2 MARKS QUESTIONS: -

1. The radii of two circles are 8 cm and 6 cm respectively. Find the radius of the
circle having area equal to the sum of the areas of the two circles.

2. If the area of a circle is equal to sum of the areas of two circles of diameters 10
cm and 24 cm, calculate the diameter of the larger circle (in cm).

3. If the difference between the circumference and the radius of a circle is 37

cm,then using π =22/7, calculate the circumference (in cm) of the circle.

4. Observe the following figure.

Two circular pieces of equal radii and maximum area, touching each other are
cut out from a rectangular cardboard of dimensions 14 cm × 7 cm. Find the
 area of the remaining cardboard. [Use π= 22/7]

5. In a circle of radius 21 cm, an arc subtends an angle of 60° at the center.

Find:

(i) the length of the arc

(ii) area of the sector formed by the arc. [Use π = 22/7]

6. In figure, two concentric circles with center O, have radii 21 cm and 42 cm. If
∠AOB = 60°, find the area of the shaded region

7. In the given figure, the area of the shaded region between two concentric circles
is 286 cm2. If the difference of the radii of the two circles is 7 cm, find the sum of their
radii.

8. In the given figure, the shape of the top of a table is that a sector of a circle
with center O and
∠AOB = 90°. If AO = OB = 42 cm, then find the perimeter of the top of the
table

9. In figure, PQ and AB are respectively the arcs of two concentric circles

of radii 7 cm and 3.5 cm and center O. If ∠POQ = 30°, then find the area of
the shaded region.

10. In given figure, a semicircle is drawn with O as center and AB as

diameter. Semicircles are drawn with AO and OB as diameters. If AB =
28 m, find the perimeter of the shaded region.

.
SECTION C

THREE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. A chord of length 10 cm divides a circle of radius 5√2 cm in two

segments. Find the area of the minor segment.

2. Find the area of the major segment APB in a circle of radius 35 cm and
∠AOB = 90°.

3. The circumference of a circle exceeds its diameter by 180 cm. Then find its
radius.

4. A boy is cycling such that the wheels of the cycle are making 140
revolutions per minute. If the diameter of the wheel is 60cm, calculate the
speed in km/h.

5. The circumference of a circular park is 314m. a 20m wide track runs

around it. Calculate the cost of laying turf in the park at Rs. 1.25 per sqm.
and the cost of the concrete track at Rs1.25sp.m.
 6. A cow is tied with a rope of length 14 m at the corner of a rectangular
field of dimensions 20m × 16m. Find the area of the field in which the cow
cannot graze.

7. A circular park is surrounded by a road 21m wide. If the radius of the

park is 105m, find the area of the road.

8. A circular pond is of diameter 17.5m is surrounded by a 2 m wide path.

Find the cost of constructing the path at a rate of Rs 25 per m2.

9. Find the area of the sector of a radius 5cm if the corresponding arc length is
3.5cm.

10. In figure, ABCD is a trapezium with AB|| DC, AB=18cm, DC=32cm and
the distance between AB and DC is t14cm. if arcs of equal radii 7cm have
been drawn, with centers A, B, C, and D, then find the shaded portion.

SECTION D

FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. A round table cover has six equal designs like segments between two radii.
If the radius of the cover is 28 cm, find the cost of making the designs at the
rate of Rs. 0.35 per cm2. (Use√3 = 1.7)

2. Find the area of the segment AYB shown in Figure, if radius of the circle is
21 cm and ∠ AOB = 120°. (Use π = 22/ 7)
3. In Fig. there are three semicircles, A, B and C having diameter 3 cm
each, and another semicircle E having a circle D with diameter 4.5 cm are
shown. Calculate the cost of painting the shaded region at the rate of ₹25
per cm2.

4. With the vertices A, B and C of a triangle ABC as centers, arcs are drawn
with radii 5 cm each as shown in Fig. 11.15. If AB = 14 cm, BC = 48 cm,
and CA = 50 cm, then find the area of the shaded region. (Use π = 3.14).

5. A calf is tied with a rope of length 6 m at the corner of a square grassy

lawn of side 20 m. If the length of the rope is increased by 5.5m, find the
increase in area of the grassy lawn in which the calf can graze.

6. In a circular table cover of radius 32 cm, a design is formed leaving an

equilateral triangle ABC.

in the middle as shown in figure.

Find the area of the design.

7. Sides of a triangular field are 15 m, 16 m and 17 m. With the three

corners of the field a cow, a buffalo and a horse are tied separately with
ropes of length 7m each to graze in the field. Find the area of the field
which cannot be grazed by the three animals.

8. The diameters of front and rear wheels of a tractor are 80 cm and 2m

respectively. Find the number of revolutions that rear wheel will make in
covering a distance in which the front wheel makes 1400 revolutions.

9. An archery target has three regions formed by three concentric circles

as shown in figure. If the diameters of the concentric circles are in the
ratio 1:2:3, then find the ratio of the areas of three regions.

10. Find the difference of the areas of the two segments of a circle formed
by a chord of length 5cm subtending an angle of 90° at the center.

CASE BASED QUESTIONS:

1. There is a race competition between all students of a sports academy, so

that the sports committee can chose better students for a marathon. The
racetrack in the academy is in the form of a ring whose inner most
circumference is 264 m and the outer most circumference is 308m.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions: -

(i) Find the radius of the outermost circle.

(ii) Find the area of the racetrack.

 (iii) If the cost of painting on the racetrack is Rs. 6 per m2, then find
the total cost for the painting of the whole racetrack.

2. Sarita held a Japanese fan in her hand as shown in the figure below. It is
shaped like a sector of a circle and made a thin material such as paper or
feather. The inner and outer radii are 3cm and 5cm respectively. The fan
has three colors i.e., red, blue, green.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions: -

(i) If the region containing blue color makes an angle of 80° at the
center, then find the area of the region having blue color.

(ii) If the region containing green color makes an angle of 60° at the
center, then find the area of the region having green color.

(iii) Find the area of the whole region having radius 3cm if the central
angle made by red region is 20°.

3. While dusting a maid found a button whose upper face is of black color
as shown in the figure. The diameter of each of the smaller identical circles is ¼ of
the diameter of the larger circle whose radius is 16cm.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions: -

(i) Find the area of each of the smaller circle?

(ii) Find the area of black color region?

 (iii) Find the area of quadrant of the smaller circle?

4. Director of a company selects a round glass trophy for awarding their

employees on annual function. Design of each trophy is made as shown in
the figure, where it’s base ABCD is golden plated from the front side at the
rate of Rs 6 per cm2.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions: -

(i) Find the area of the sector ODCO.

(ii) Find the total cost of gold plating.

(iii) Find the length of arc DC.

5. Shweta wants to change the design of the floor of her living room which
is of the dimension 6m X 4m and it is covered with circular tiles of diameter

50cm each as shown below.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions: -

(i) Find the number of circular tiles along length of room.

(ii) Find the total number of tiles in the floor.

(iii) Find the area of the floor that remains uncovered by the tiles.
 ANSWER KEY

SECTION A MCQ ANSWERS:

-

1. (a) 2 units 2. (d) p/720 × 2πR2 3. (b) R12 + R22 = R2 4. (a)

10 m

3. (b) 77/8 cm2 6. (d) 22/3 cm 7. (c) 51.3 cm² 8. (c)

28 cm

9 (d) 50 cm 10. (d) 500 11. (a) 154 m2 12. (a) 16.8 13. (d) 275 π
cm2

14. (c) 40cm 15. (b) Area of outer circle – Area of inner circle

SECTION B ANSWERS: -

1. 10cm 2. 26 cm 3. 44cm 4. 21cm2 5. (i) (ii)231c

22cm m2
6. 7. 13cm 8. 282cm 9. 9.625 10. 88m
3465cm2 cm2

SECTION C ANSWERS: -

1. 14.25cm2 2.3500cm2 3.42cm 4.15.84km/h 5. Rs.9812.5,

Rs9420

4. 166 m2 7. 15246 m2 8. Rs 3061.50 9. 8.75cm2 10. 196 m2

SECTION D ANSWERS: -

1. Rs. 162.66 2. 21 (88 − 21√3) 3. Rs.309 4. 296.75 cm2 5. 75.625 m2

4
22528
6.( −768√3)cm2 7. (24√21−77)m2 8. 560 9. 1:3:5
7
10. 32.1429 cm2

CASE STUDY BASED ANSWERS: -

1. (i) 49m (ii) 2002m2 (iii) Rs. 12012

2. (i) 11.17cm2 (ii) 8.38cm2 (iii) 12.57 cm2

3. (i) 50.28cm2 (ii) 603.45cm2 (iii) 12.57cm2

4. (i) 154cm2 (ii) Rs. 276 (iii) 22cm

5. (i) 50 (ii) 8 (iii) 5.142 m2

 CHAPTER-12
SURFACE AREA AND VOLUMES
 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1Mark each)

SECTION A

Q1. The ratio of the total surface area of a solid hemisphere to the square of its radius is

(a)2π: 1 (b)3π:1 (c) 4π: 1 (d) 1: 4π

Q2. Two cubes each of volume 8cm³ are joined end to end, then the surface area of the
resulting cuboid is

(a)80cm² (b) 64cm² (c)40cm² (d) 8cm²

Q3. The radius of a sphere is r cm. The sphere is divided into two equal parts. The
whole surface area of two parts will be:

(a)8cm² (b) 6cm² (c ) 4cm² (d) 3cm²

Q4. If the radius of the base of right circular cylinder is halved, keeping the height
same,the ratio of the volume of the reduced cylinder to that of original cylinder is

(a)2 : 3 (b) 3 : 4 (c ) 1 : 4 (d) 4 : 1

Q5. The Surface the two spheres are in the ratio 1 :2. The ratio of their volumes :

(a)√2:1 (b) 1 : 2√2 (c ) 1 : 8 (d)1 : 4

Q6. If the areas of three adjacent faces of cuboid areX,Y and Z respectively,then the
volume of cuboid is :

(a)XYZ (b)2XYZ (c)√XYZ (d)√2XYZ

Q7. The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio 2 :3 and their heights are in the ratio 5 : 3.
Ratio of Their Volumes

(a)27 : 20 (b)20 : 27 (c ) 9: 4 (d)4 : 9

Q8. The radius of wire is decreased to one third. If the volume remains the same,the
length will become

(a)3 times (b)6 times (c ) 9 times (d)27 times

Q9. The ratio of the volumes of two spheres is 8:27. If r and R are the radii of spheres
respectively then (R – r) : r is

(a)1:2 (b)1 : 3 (c ) 2: 3 (d)4 : 9

Q10. The circumference of the edge of a hemispherical bowl is 132cm. When π is taken
as 22/7, the capacity of the bowl in cm³ is:

(a)2772 (b)924 (c ) 19404 (d) 9702

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (1MARK)

SECTION-B

Q11. The surface area of a sphere is same as the curved surface area of a right circular
cylinder whose height and diameter are 12 cm each. Find the radius of the sphere.

Q12. Find the volume of the greatest sphere that can be cut from a cylindrical log of
wood base radius 1 cm and height 5 cm.

Q13. Find the curved surface area of right circular cone of height 15cm and base
diameter 16 cm.

Q14. A cone and a hemisphere have equal bases and equal volumes. What is the ratio of
their heights?

Q15. Find volume of a right circular cylinder of base radius 7 cm and height 10cm.

Q16. If h, c and V respectively are the height, curved surface area and volume of a
cone then find 3𝜋Vh3 – c2h2 + 9V2 = ……………….
Q17. How many bags of grain can be stored in a cubic granary 12m x 6m x 5m ,
if each bag occupies a space of 0.48 m3 ?
Q18. The volume of two cubes are in the ratio 8 : 64 , then find the ratio of their
surface areas .
Q19. A cylinder and a cone are of same base radius and of same height. What is
the ratio of their volumes?
Q20. Find the Total Surface Area of a hemispherical solid having radius 7 cm.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS–2MARKS

SECTION-B

Q21. Two cubes each of volume 27cm³ are joined end to end to form a solid. Find
surface area of the solid.

Q22. Two cubes each of side 4cm are joined end to end. Find the volume of the resulting
solid.

Q23. Volume and surface area of a solid hemisphere are numerically equal. What is the
diameter of hemisphere?

Q24. If the total surface area of a solid hemisphere s 462 cm²,find its radius.

Q25. A wallpaper, 312m long and 25cm wide is required to cover the walls of a room.
Length of the room is 7m and its breadth is twice its height. Determine the height of the
room.

Q26. The surface area of a sphere is 616cm². Find its radius.

Q27. The radii of 2 cylinders are in the ratio 3:5 and their heights are in the ratio 2:3.
What is the ratio of their curved surface areas.

Q28. The base radii of 2 right circular cones of the same height are in the ratio 3:5. Find
the ratio of their volumes.

Q29. The circumference of the base of a 9m high wooden solid cone is 44m. Find its
volume. Q30. Find the volume of the largest right circular cone that can be cut out of a
cube whose edge is 9cm.

Q31. A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemi-sphere of same radius. The
diameter of the base of the conical part is 7cm and the total height of the toy is 14.5cm.
find the volume of the toy.

Q32. The TSA of a solid cylinder is 231cm². If its CSA is 2/3 of its TSA. Find its radius
and height.

Q33. The length of a hall is 20m and width is 16m. The sum of the areas of the floor and
the flat roof is equal to the sum of the areas of the four walls. Find the height of the hall.
Q34. A cone and a cylinder of same radius 3.5 cm have same CSA. If height of the
cylinder is 14 cm then find the slant height of the cone.

Q35. A circus tent is cylindrical up to a height of 3m and conical above it. If the diameter
of the base is 105m and the slant height of the conical part is 53cm, find the total canvas
required in making the tent.

Q36. A bird-bath in a garden is in the shape of a cylinder with a hemi-spherical

depression at one end. The height of the hollow cylinder is 1.45m and its radius is 30cm.
Find the TSA of the bird-bath.

Q37. A tent is in the shape of a cylinder of diameter 20m and height 2.5cm, surmounted
by a cone of equal base and height 7.5m. Find the capacity of the tent.(take π = 3.14)

Q38. A vessel in the shape of a hollow hemi-sphere mounted by a hollow cylinder. The
diameter of the hemi-sphere is 14cm and the total height of the vessel is 13cm. Find the
inner surface area of the vessel.

Q39. A conical vessel whose inner radius is 10cm and height 48cm is full of water. Find
the volume of water in it.

Q40. Fifty circular plates each of radius 7cm and thickness 0.5cm are placed one above
another to form a solid right circular cylinder. Find its TSA.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS–3MARKS

SECTION-C

Q41. A toy is in the form of cone mounted on a hemisphere of same radius 7cm. If the
total height of the toy is 31 cm, find its total surface area.

Q42. Two cones with same base radius 8cm and height 15cm are joined together along
their bases. Find the surface area of the shape so formed.

Q43. A solid is in the shape of a cone surmounted on a hemisphere.The radius of each of

them is 3.5cm and the total height of the solid is 9.5 cm. Find the volume of the solid.

Q44. A solid cylinder of radius r and height h is placed over another cylinder of same
height and radius. Find the total surface area of the shape so formed

Q45. An ice - cream cone consists of a cone surmounted by a hemisphere. The radius of
the hemisphere is 3.5cm and height of the ice-cream cone is 12.5cm. Calculate the
volume of the ice – cream in the cone.
Q46. The sum of the radius of base and height of a solid right circular cylinder is 37cm. If
the total surface area of the solid cylinder is 1628 sq. cm, find the volume of the cylinder

Q47. The radius and height of a solid right circular cone are in the ratio of 5:12. If its
volume is 314 cm³, find its total surface area. (Use π = 3.14)

Q48. A cone of maximum size is carved out from a cube of edge14 cm. Find the surface
area of the solid left out after the cone is carved out.

Q49. The largest possible cylinder is cut out from a wooden cube of edge 8cm. Find the
volume of wood remaining in the cube.

Q50. A semi-circular sheet of paper of diameter 28cm is bent into an open conical cup.
Find the depth and capacity of the cup.

Q51. A solid sphere of diameter 14cm is cut into two halves by a plane passing through
the centre. Find the combined surface area of the two hemispheres so formed.

Q52. If the radius of the base of right circular cylinder is halved, keeping the height
same, find the ratio of the volume of the reduced cylinder to that of the original cylinder.

Q53. From a solid cylinder of height 14cm and base radius 7cm, two identical conical
holes from each end of radius 2.1 cm and height 4 cm are drilled out. Find the volume of
the remaining solid.

Q54. A petrol tank is a cylinder of base diameter 21 cm and length 18cm fitted with a
conical end of length 9 cm. Determine the capacity of the tank.

Q55. A rocket is in the form of a cylinder, closed at the lower end, has a cone attached to
its top. If each one has radius 20 cm and height 21cm, find the surface area of the rocket.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 MARKS)

SECTION-D

Q56. A solid is in the shape of cone mounted on a hemisphere of same base radius. If
curved surface areas of the hemispherical part and the conical part are equal, then find
the ratio of the radius and the height of the conical part.

Q57. A tent is in the shape of a right circular cylinder upto a height of 300cm and conical
above it. The total height of the tent is 1350 cm and radius of its base is 1400cm. Find
the cost of cloth required to make the tent at the rate of Rs.80 per square metre.(Take
π= 22/7)
Q58. From a cuboidal solid metallic block of dimensions 15cm x 10cm x 5cm a
cylindrical hole of diameter 0.07m is drilled out. Find the surface area of the remaining
block. (π= 22/7)

Q59. A hollow cylindrical pipe is made up of copper. It is 21 dm long. The outer and
inner diameters of the pipe are 10cm and 6cm respectively. Find the volume of copper
used in making the pipe (π= 22/7)

Q60. A circus tent is in the form of right circular cylinder with right circular cone above
it. The diameter and the height of the cylindrical part of the tent are 126m and 12m
respectively. The total height of the tent is 28m. Find the total cost of the tent if the
canvas used costs Rs.30 per sq.m.

Q61. A right circular cylinder and a cone have equal bases and equal heights. If their
curved surface areas are in the ratio 8:5, show that the ratio between the radius of their
bases to their heights is 3:4 .

Q62. A metallic cylinder has radius 3cm and height 5cm. To reduce its weight, a conical
hole is drilled in the cylinder. The conical hole has a radius of 3/2cm and its depth is
8/9cm. Calculate the ratio of the volume metal left in the cylinder to the volume of metal
taken out in the conical shape.

Q63. A rectangular sheet of paper 30cm x 18cm can be transformed into the curved
surface of a right circular cylinder in two ways either by rolling the paper along its
length or by rolling it along its breadth. Find the ratio of the volume of the two cylinders
thus formed.

Q64. The internal and external diameters of a hollow hemispherical vessel are 12cm and
16cm respectively. If the cost of painting 1sq.cm of the surface area is Rs.5,find the total
cost of painting the vessel all over. (π = 3.14)

Q65. The sum of the radius of the base and height of a solid right circular cylinder is
37cm. If the total surface area of the solid cylinder is 1628 sq.cm, find the volume of the
cylinder. (π= 22/7)

ASSERTION AND REASON BASED QUESTIONS

SECTION-E
The following Questions are Assertion and Reason based questions. Two statements are
given , one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Select the
correct answer to these questions from the codes (a),(b),(c)and(d) as given below.

(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.

(d)Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

Q66. Assertion ( A): The surface area of largest sphere that can be inscribed in a
hollow cube of side 'a' cm is πa² cm².
Reason (R): The surface area of a sphere of radius r is 4πr².
Q67.Assertion (A): The diameter of a sphere, whose surface area is 616 cm², is 7 cm.
Reason (R): The surface area of a sphere of radius r is 4πr².
Q68.Assertion (A): Length of diagonal of a cube is 11√3 cm, if its volume is 1331 cm³.

Reason (R): Volume of a cube is equal to a³, where a is the side of cube.

Q69.Assertion (A): Height of largest right circular cone that can be cut out of a cube
whose volume is 729 cm³, is 9 cm.
Reason (R): Volume of right circular cone be ⅓ πr²h , where r be the radius and h be the
height of the cone.

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

CASE STUDY 1:

Adventure camps are the perfect place for the children to practice decision making for
themselves without parents and teachers guiding their every move. Some students of a school
reached for adventure at Sakleshpur. At the camp, the waiters served some students with a
welcome drink in a cylindrical glass and some students in a hemispherical cup whose
dimensions are shown below. After that they went for a jungle trek. The jungle trek was
enjoyable but tiring. As dusk fell, it was time to take shelter. Each group of four students was
given a canvas of area 551m2 . Each group had to make a conical tent to accommodate all the
four students. Assuming that all the stitching and wasting incurred while cutting, would
amount to 1m2 , the students put the tents. The radius of the tent is 7m.
1. The volume of cylindrical cup is

a) 295.75 cm3 b) 7415.5 cm3 c) 384.88 cm3 d) 404.25 cm3

2. The volume of hemispherical cup is

a) 179.67 cm3 b) 89.83 cm3 c) 172.25 cm3 d) 210.60 cm3

3. Which container had more juice and by how much?

a) Hemispherical cup, 195 cm3 b) Cylindrical glass, 207 cm3

c) Hemispherical cup, 280.85 cm3 d) Cylindrical glass, 314.42 cm3

4. The height of the conical tent prepared to accommodate four students is

a) 18m b) 10m c) 24m d) 14m

5. How much space on the ground is occupied by each student in the conical tent

a) 54 m2 b) 38.5 m2 c) 86 m2 d) 24 m2
CASE STUDY 2:

The Great Stupa at Sanchi is one of the oldest stone structures in India, and an important
monument of Indian Architecture. It was originally commissioned by the emperor Ashoka in
the 3rd century BCE. Its nucleus was a simple hemispherical brick structure built over the
relics of the Buddha. .It is a perfect example of combination of solid figures. A big
hemispherical dome with a cuboidal structure mounted on it. (Take π = 22/7)

1. Calculate the volume of the hemispherical dome if the height of the dome is 21 m –

a) 19404 cu. m b) 2000 cu .mc) 15000 cu. m d) 19000 cu. m

2. The formula to find the Volume of Sphere is -

a) 2/3 πr3 b) 4/3 πr3 c) 4 πr2 d) 2 πr2

3. The cloth require to cover the hemispherical dome if the radius of its base is 14m is

a) 1222 sq.m b) 1232 sq.m c) 1200 sq.m d) 1400 sq.m

4. The total surface area of the combined figure i.e. hemispherical dome with radius
14m and cuboidal shaped top with dimensions 8m 6m 4m is

a)1200 sq. m b) 1232 sq. m c) 1392 sq.m d) 1932 sq. m

5. The volume of the cuboidal shaped top is with dimensions mentioned in question 4
a) 182.45 m3 b) 282.45 m3 c) 292 m3 d) 192 m3

CASE STUDY 3:

On a Sunday, your Parents took you to a fair. You could see lot of toys displayed, and you
wanted them to buy a RUBIK’s cube and strawberry ice-cream for you. Observe the figures
and answer the questions:-

1. The length of the diagonal if each edge measures 6cm is

a) 3√3 b) 3√6 c) √12 d) 6√3

2. Volume of the solid figure if the length of the edge is 7cm is

a)256 cm3 b) 196 cm3 c) 343 cm3 d) 434 cm3

3. What is the curved surface area of hemisphere (ice cream) if the base radius is 7cm?

a) 309 cm2 b) 308 cm2 c) 803 cm2 d) 903 cm2

4. Slant height of a cone if the radius is 7cm and the height is 24 cm___

a) 26cm b) 25 cm c) 52 cm d) 62cm

5. The total surface area of cone with hemispherical ice cream is

a) 858 cm2 b) 885 cm2 c) 588 cm2 d) 855 cm2

SECTION A

1 .B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C

11. 𝟒𝝅 13. 14. 15. 16. 0 17. 18. 19. 20.

12. 𝟑
6 cm 136𝝅 2:1 1540 750 4:9 3:1 462
cu.cm
SECTION-B

1. 90cm² 6. 7cm 11. 231cm³ 16. 3.3 m²

2. 128cm³ 7. 2:5 12. 3.5cm, 7 cm 17. 1570m²

3. 9 units 8. 9:25 13. 8.8 cm 18. 572cm²

4. 7cm 9. 462cm³ 14. 28 cm 19. 15024cm²

5. 3m 10. 190.93cm³ 15. 9735m² 20. 1408cm²

SECTION-C

1. 858 cm² 6. 4620 cm³ 11. 924 cm²

7. 266.9 cm² 12. 1:4

2. 854.85 cm2

3. 166.83 cm³ 8. 1365.2cm² 13. 2119.04 cm³

4. 2πr² + 4πrh sq 9. 109.8 cm³ 14. 29106cm³

units

5. 205.33 cm³ 10. 718.66 cm³ 15. 5720 cm²

SECTION-D

1. 1: √3 6. 3:4

2. Rs. 82720 7. 133:2

3. 583 cm² 8. 5:3

4. 10560 cm³ 9. Rs. 3579.60

5. Rs. 528660 10. 4620 cm³

SECTION-E
 ASSERTION AND REASON BASED QUESTIONS
1. (a) 3. (b)

2. (d) 4. (b)

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

CASE STUDY 1

1. d) 404.25 cm3

2. b) 89.83 cm3

3. d) Cylindrical glass, 314.42 cm3

4. c) 24m

5. b) 38.5 m2

CASE STUDY 2:

1. a) 19404 cu. m

2. b) 4/3 πr3

3. b) 1232 sq.m

4. c) 1392 sq.m

5. d) 192 m3

CASE STUDY 3:

1. d) 6√3

2. c) 343 cm3

3. b) 308 cm2

4. b) 25 cm

5. a) 858 cm2
 CHAPTER -13
STATISTICS
MEAN (AVERAGE): Mean [Ungrouped Data] – Mean of n observations, X1, X2, X3 … Xn, is

MEAN [Grouped Data]: The mean for grouped data can be found by the following
methods:
(i) Direct Mean Method:

Class Mark = (Upper Class Limit + Lower Class Limit)/2

(ii) Assumed Mean Method: In this method, an arbitrary mean ‘a’ is chosen which is
called, ‘assumed mean’, somewhere in the middle of all the values of x.

where di = (Xi – a)]

MEDIAN: Median is a measure of central tendency which gives the value of the middle-
most observation in the data.

Where [ l = Lower limit of median class; n = Number of observations; f = Frequency of

median class; c.f. = Cumulative frequency of preceding class; h = Class size]
MODE:
(i) Ungrouped Data: The value of the observation having maximum frequency is
the mode.
(ii) (ii) Grouped Data:

Where [l = Lower limit of modal class; f1 = Frequency of modal class; f0 = Frequency of

the class preceding the modal class; f2 = Frequency of the class succeeding the modal
class; h = Size of class interval. c.f. = Cumulative frequency of preceding class; h = Class
size]
 QUESTION BANK
LEVEL -1

Q1. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

a. Frequency b. Cumulative frequency c. mean d. class limit

Q2. Which of the following is true?

a. Mode = 2 Median – Mean
b. Mode = 3 Median + 2 Mean
c. Mode = 3 Median – 2 Mean
d. None of the these
Q3. If the median of the following data is 40 then the value of p is
Class 0-10 10-30 30-60 60-80 80-90
Frequency 5 15 30 p 2

a. 7 b. 8 c. 9 d. 7.6
Q4. Athematic mean of n observations is m. If two observations 0 and m are added, then
the new mean will be:
a. m b. m/(n+1) c. nm/(n+1) d. (n+1)m / (n+2)

Q5. The mid value of class interval is 42. If the class size is 10 then the upper and lower
limit of the class are
a. 47 and 37 b. 37 and 47 c. 37.5 and 47.5 d. 47.5 and 37.5

Answers: 1 (c), 2 (c), 3 (b), 4 (d), 5 (a)

Short Questions
Q1. Find the median class of the following data:
Marks Obtained Frequency
0-10 8
10-20 10
20-30 12
30-40 22
40-50 30
50-60 18

Answer
Q2. If the mode of the following data is 7, then find the value of k.
2, 4, 6, 7, 5, 6, 10, 6, 7, 2k + 1, 9, 7, 13

Answer:
There are two entries which occur 3 times each which are 6 and 7.
For 7 to be mode
2k + 1 = 7
k=6=3
2
Q3. The mean of 6 numbers is 16 with the removal of a number the mean of remaining
numbers is 17. Find the removed number.

Answer:
Let Xd be the sixth number to be remove and x1 x2, …,X5 be remaining 5 numbers.

Q4.
Answer:

Q5. Find the mode of the data

Answer

Q6. Find the mean of the data using suitable method.

Answer
 Long Questions

Q1. Find the mean of the following grouped data:

Class interval 10-25 25-40 40-55 55-70 70-85 85-100

No. of 2 3 7 6 6 6
students

To find the mean for the grouped data, first we have to find the class mark:

The formula to find the class mark is:

Class mark = (Upper class limit + Lower Class limit)/2

Class Interval No.of Students (fi) Class Mark (xi) fixi

10 – 25 2 17.5 35.0

25 – 40 3 32.5 97.5

40 – 55 7 47.5 332.5

55 – 70 6 62.5 375.0

70 – 85 6 77.5 465.0

85 – 100 6 92.5 555.0

Sum Σfi = 30 Σfixi = 1860.0

Now, substitute the obtained values in the mean formula, we get

𝚺𝐟𝐢𝐱𝐢
X͞ =
𝚺𝐟𝐢
1860
Mean =
30
Mean = 62

Therefore, the mean of the given data is 62.

Q2. The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality.
The mean pocket allowance is Rs 18. Find the missing frequency f.
Daily Pocket Allowance (in c) 11-13 13-15 15-17 17-19 19-21 21-23 23-35

Number of children 7 6 9 13 f 5 4

Solution:

To find out the missing frequency, use the mean formula.

Given, mean x̄ = 18

Class interval Number of children Mid-point (xi) fixi

(fi)

11-13 7 12 84

13-15 6 14 84

15-17 9 16 144

17-19 13 18 234

19-21 F 20 20f

21-23 5 22 110

23-25 4 24 96

Total fi = 44+f Sum fixi = 752+20f

The mean formula is

𝚺𝐟𝐢𝐱𝐢 752+20f
Mean X͞ = =
𝚺𝐟𝐢 44+f
Now substitute the values and equate to find the missing frequency (f)
752+20f
⇒ 18 =
44+f

⇒ 18(44 + f) = (752 + 20f)

⇒ 792 + 18f = 752 + 20f

⇒ 792 + 18f = 752 + 20f

⇒ 792 – 752 = 20f – 18f

⇒ 40 = 2f

⇒ f = 20

So, the missing frequency, f = 20.

Q3. The following data gives the information on the observed lifetime (in hours) of 225
electrical components:
Q4.
A student noted the number of cars passing through a spot on a road for 100 periods
each of 3 minutes and summarized it in the table given below. Find the mode of the
data:
Number of cars Frequency
0-10 7
10-20 14
20-30 13
30-40 12
40-50 20
50-60 11
60-70 15
70-80 8

Solution:
Given Data:
Modal class = 40 – 50, l = 40,
Class width (h) = 10, fm = 20, f1 = 12 and f2 = 11

(𝑓𝑚 – 𝑓1)
Mode = l + ×h
(2𝑓𝑚 – 𝑓1 – 𝑓2)]

Substitute the values

20−12
Mode = 40 + 40−12−11×10
80
= 40 +17
= 40 + 4.7
= 44.7
Thus, the mode of the given data is 44.7 cars.

Q5.

Case study questions

1. The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing
pandemic of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by serve acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first identified in
December 2019 in Wuhan China.
During survey, the ages of 80 patients infected by COVID and admitted in the one of
the city hospitals were recorded and the collected data is represented in the less than
cumulative frequency distribution table.
 Age (in years) Below 15 Below 25 Below 35 Below 45 Below 55 Below 65
No. of 6 17 38 61 75 80
Patients
Based on the data information, answer the following questions:
(i) The modal class interval is:
(a)35-45 (b) 45-55 (c) 25-35 (d) 15-25
(ii) The median class interval is:
(a)45-55 (b) 35-45 (c) 25-35 (d) 15-25

(iii) The modal age of the patients admitted in the hospital is:
(a)38.6 years (b) 35.8 years (c) 36.8 years (d) 38.5 years
(iv) Which age group was affected the most?
(a)35-45 (b) 45-55 (c) 15-25 (d) 25-35
(v) How many patients of the age 45 years and above were admitted?
(a)61 (b) 19 (c) 14 (d) 23

Answer
(i) (a) 35-45 (ii) (b)35-45 (iii) (c) 36.8 (iv) (a) 35-45 (v)(b) 19

2. In a school Class X B and C students appeared for Sunday sample paper test 05 and marks
obtained out of 8 are formulated in a table as follow:
Marks Number of Students
Less than 10 8
Less than 20 20
Less than 30 30
Less than 40 50
Less than 50 60
Less than 60 70
Less than 70 75
Less than 80 80
(i) How many students secured less than 40 marks?
(a)50 (b) 40 (c) 60 (d) 30
(ii)What is the upper limit of modal class?
(a)20 (b) 30 (c) 40 (d) 50
(iii)The median class is:
(a)10-20 (b) 20-30 (c) 30-40 (d) 40-50
(iv)The mean marks of the students is:
(a)35.8 (b) 35.9 (c) 36 (d) 36.5
(v)Class mark of the class preceding the modal class is:
(a)35 (b) 30 (c) 25 (d) 45
 Answer
(i) (a) 50 (ii) (c) 40 (iii) (c) 30-40 (iv) (b)35.9 (v) (c) 25
Questions for Practise

Q1. If x1, x2, x3…., xn are the observations of a given data. Then the mean of the
observations will be:
(a)Sum of the observations/ total no. of observations
(b) Total no. of observation/ Sum of the observations
(c) Sum of the observations + Total no. of observation
(d) None of these

Q2 Mode and mean of a data are 12k and 15k. Median of the data is
(a) 12k (b) 14k (c) 15k (d) 16k

Q3 If the mean of frequency distribution is 7.5 and ∑fi xi = 120 + 3k, ∑fi = 30, then k is
equal to:
(a) 40 (b) 45 (c) 50 (d) 35

Q4 While computing mean of grouped data, we assume that the frequencies are
(a) evenly distributed over all the classes (b) centred at the class marks of
the classes
(c) centred at the upper limits of the classes (d) centred at the lower limits of
the classes

Q5 Mean of 100 items is 49. It was discovered that three items which should have been
60, 70, 80 were wrongly read as 40, 20, 50 respectively. The correct mean is
(a) 48 (b) 49 (c) 50 (d) 60

1.
Q6. Consider the following distribution of daily wages of 50 workers of a factory.
Daily wages (in Rs.) 1-200 201-400 401-600 601-800
Number of workers 14 15 14 7
Find the mean of the daily income of employee.

Q7. In a class, weights of 30 students were recorded. Data is as shown:

Weight of student (in 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75
kg)
No of students 2 3 8 6 6 3 2
Find the median weight?
 Q8. Find the mode of the following frequency distribution:
Class Frequency
0-10 8
10-20 10
20-30 10
30-40 16
40-50 12
50-60 6
60-70 7

Q9. A survey regarding the heights (in cm) of 51 girls of Class X of a school was
conducted and the following data were obtained:
Height (in cm) Number of girls
Less than 140 4
Less than 145 11
Less than 150 29
Less than 155 40
Less than 160 46
Less than 165 51
Find the median height.

Q10. An aircraft has 120 passenger seats. The number of seats occupied during 100
flights are given in the following table:
Number of seats 100-104 104-108 108-112 112-116 116-
120
Frequency 15 20 32 18 15
Determine the mean number of seats occupied over the flights.

Q11. The average score of boys in the examination of a school is 71 and that of the girls
is 73. The average score of the school in the examination is 71.8. Find the ratio of the
number of boys to the number of girls who appeared in the examination.

Q12. For one term, absentee record of students is given below. If mean is 15.5, then find
the missing frequencies x and y
Number of days 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 TOTAL
Total Number 15 16 x 8 y 8 6 4 70
of students
 Q13. The distribution given below shows the number of wickets taken by bowlers in
one-day cricket matches. Find the mean of the number of wickets taken.
Number of 20–60 60–100 100–140 140–180 180–220 220–
wickets 260
No. of bowlers 7 5 16 12 2 3

Q14. Find the value of y from the following observations if these are already arranged in
ascending order. The Median is 63.
20, 24, 42, y , y + 2, 73, 75, 80, 99

Q15. A student noted the number of cars passing through a spot on a road for
100 periods each of 3 minutes and summarised it in the table given below. Find the
mode of the data:
Number of cars Frequency
0-10 7
10-20 14
20-30 13
30-40 12
40-50 20
50-60 11
60-70 15
70-80 8

Answer:
1) a 2) b 3) d 4)b 5) c 6) Rs.356.50
7) 56.67Kg 8) 36 9) 149.03 10) 110 11) 3:2 12) x=7, y=6

13) 152.89 14) 61 15) 44.7

 CHAPTER -14
PROBABILITY

 Probability is a quantitative measure of likelihood of occurrence of an event.

𝐅𝐀𝐕𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐀𝐁𝐋𝐄 𝐎𝐔𝐓𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐄𝐒
 P(E) = 𝐓𝐎𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐍𝐔𝐌𝐁𝐄𝐑 𝐎𝐅 𝐎𝐔𝐓𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐄𝐒

 The probability of an event which is impossible to occur is 0. Such an event

is called an impossible event.

 The probability of an event which is sure to occur is 1. Such an event is

called a sure event.

 The sum of the probability of all the elementary event of an experiment is 1.

 0 ≤ P (E) ≤ 1
 If P(E) = 0, then it is an impossible event.
 If P(E) = 1, then it is certain event.
 Probability of an event is never negative.
 P( E ) =1–P(not E) , P(not E) + P( E ) = 1
 Deck of Cards and probability

A deck of plying cards consists of 52 cards which are divided into 4 sets of 13
cards. They are

black spades (♠ ) red hearts (♥ ) red diamond (♦ ) and black clubs (♣ ). The
cards in each suit

are ace, king,

queen, jack ,10,9,8,7,6,5,4,3 and 2. King, Queen and Jack are called Face Cards.

None Leap Year and Leap Year Probability

A none leap year has 365 days. A year has 52 weeks. Hence there will be 52
Sundays

for sure.

52 week = 52x 7 = 364 days.

365-364=1-day extra

In a none leap year there will be 52 Sundays and 1 day will be left. This one day
can be Sunday,

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday .Of these

7 outcomes favorable outcome is 1, Hence the probability of getting 53

Sunday=1/7.

In a leap year, the two odd days can be (Sunday,Monday), (Monday,Tuesday),

(Tuesday,Wednesday),(Wednesday,Thursday)(Thursday.Friday)(Friday,Satur
day)(Sat

urday,Sunday).So there are 7 possibilities out of which 2 have a Sunday, so the

probabilities of 53 Sunday in a leap year is 2/7.

 Tossing of coins:

 On tossing one coin the following outcomes can be observed

(H),(T)

 On tossing two cons the following outcomes can be observed

(H,H),(H,T),(T,H),(T,T)

On tossing three coins, the following outcomes can be observed

(HHH),(HHT),(HTH),(HTT),(TTT)(TTH)(THT)(THH)

Throwing of dice:

On throwing one die the following outcomes can be observed

(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6)

* On throwing two dice the following outcomes can be observed

(1,1)(1,2)(1,3)(1,4),(1,5)(1,6)(2,1)(2,2)(2,3)(2,4)(2,5)(2,6)(3,1)(3,2)(3,3)(3,4)
(3,5)(3,6)

(4,1)(4,2)(4,3)(4,4)(4,5)(4,6)(5,1)(5,2)(5,3)(5,4)(5,5)(5,6)(6,1)(6,2)(6,3)(6,4)(6,5)(6.
6)

MCQ TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is the probability of getting a head when tossing a fair coin?
(a) ½ b) 1/3 (c) 2/3 (d) ¼
2. If you roll a fair six-sided die, what is the
probability of rolling a 4 or5?
(a) 1/3 (b)½ (c)¼ (d) 2/3
3. A deck of cards contains 52 cards. What is
 the probability of drawing a red face card?

a) 12/52 (b)1/26 (c)3/26 (d)1/13

4. You have two dice. What is the
probability of rolling a sum of 10?
(a) 1/6 (b) 1/12 (c)1/9 (d)1/36

5. From the letter of the word MANGO a letter is selected at random. The
probability that the letter is a vowel?

(a) 1/5 (b) 3/5 (c)2/5 (d)4/5

6. In a bag, there are 5 red marbles, 3 blue marbles, and 2 green marbles. What
is the probability of drawing ared marble?
(a) 1/3 (b) 5/10 (c) 6/10 (d) 5/9
7. A box contains 12 chocolates, and 4 of them are dark chocolate. What
is the probability of randomlyselecting a dark chocolate?
(a) 1/3 (b)1/4 (c)1/2 (d)1/12
8. You have a standard deck of 52 cards. What is the probability of drawing a
black face card?
a) 3/26 (b) 1/13 (c) 1/6 (d) 1/2
9. Assertion (A) The Probability of getting atleast one head when three coins
are tossed.
Reason (R) There is only one outcome where no head appears when
three coins are tossed.
Options:

(i)Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.

(ii)Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion

(iii) Assertion is true and Reason is false

(iv) Assertion is false and Reason is true.

a) i b) ii c) iii d) iv

10. Assertion (A) The Probability of drawing an ace from a standard

deck of 52 card is 1/13.
 Reason (R) a standard deck of 52 cards contain 4 aces.
Options:

(i)Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation
of Assertion.

(ii)Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion

(iii) Assertion is true and Reason is false

(iv) Assertion is false and Reason is true.

a) i b) ii c) iii d) iv
11. A card is drawn at random from a standard deck of 52 cards. what is
the probability that the card drawn is a king?
12. A die is rolled. What is the probability of getting number greater than 4?
13. Two coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability of getting atleast
one head?
14. A number is choosen at random from the number 1 to 50. What is the
probability that it is prime number?
15. What is the probability for a non-leap year having 53 Sundays?
16. What is the probability for a leap year having 53 Sundays?
17. It is given that in a group of 3 students, the probability of 2 students not
having the same birthday is 0.992. What is the probability that the 2 students
have the same birthday?
18. A box contains 5 red marbles, 8 white marbles and 4 green marbles. One
marble is taken out of the box at random. What is the probability that the
marble taken out will be

(i) red?

(ii) white?

(iii) not green?

19. One card is drawn from a well-shuffled deck of 52 cards. Find the probability of
getting

(i) a king of red colour

(ii) a face card

(iii) a red face card

 (iv) the jack of hearts

(v) a spade

(vi) the queen of diamonds

20. A box contains 90 discs which are numbered from 1 to 90. If one disc is
drawn at random from the box,find the probability that it bears

(i) a two-digit number

(ii) a perfect square number

(iii) a number divisible by 5

21.A bag contains 4 red,5 white, and some yellow balls.if the probability of
drawing a red ball is 1/5 then find
the probability of yellow ball.

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

22. A School is conducting a sports day event and as a part of the event
they have a game involving a spinner. The spinner is divided into 6
equal sections numbered 1 to 6. Each participant spin the spinner
once and a teacher record the outcomes. Based on this case study
answer the following questions.

(i) What is the probability of the spinner landing on an even

number?

(ii) If the spinner is spun twice. What is the probability that both
spin result in a number greater than 4?

(iii)What is the probability of getting a number less than 3 on a

single spin?

(iv)if a participant spin the spinner once. What is the

probability of getting a number

multiple of 3?

23. Four friends Sahil, Sonu, Ramesh and Rohan were playing Ludo game.
 They have chosen different colours of coins. Sahil has chosen green
colour, Ramesh has chosen red colour, rohan has chosen yellow colour
and Sonu has chosen blue colour. On the above information as the
following questions.
(i)What is the probability of getting a red coin?
(ii) What is the probability of getting yellow and blue-colored coins?
(iii)What is the probability of getting black colour coin?
(iv)If Sahil and Sonu left the game and took their coins. Now what
will be the probability of getting
a yellow colour coin?

24.In the month May the weather forecast department gives the
prediction of weatherfor the month
of June. The given table shows the probabilities of forecasts of different
days.
Day Sunny Cloudy Partially Rainy
cloudy
probability 1/2 X 1/5 y
If the forecast is 100% correct for June then answer the following questions.
(i) How many days are sunny days in the month of June?
(ii) If the number of cloudy day in the month of June is 5 then find
the value of x?
(iii) Find the probability that the day is not cloudy.
(iv) Find the number of partially rainy days.

Answers
2 .B 3.C 4.B 5 6. 7.A 8.A 9. 10.A
1. A . B A
C
1 3 3
12. 3 13. 4 14. 10 1 1 17. 18.( 19 20.
11. 5 6. 0.0 I) . 9 1
1 (𝐼) 10 (𝐼𝐼) 10 (𝐼
2 5 1
8 3 13
13 . 08 (𝐼) (𝐼𝐼𝐼)
(𝐼𝐼) (𝐼𝐼) (𝐼𝐼𝐼)
1 7 17 26
17 1317
7
22. 23
21.1 1 1 1 1 (𝐼𝐼)1 1 24. 1
1 (𝐼) (𝐼𝐼) (𝐼𝐼𝐼)(𝐼) 4(𝐼𝑉) 2
(𝐼𝐼𝐼) 0(𝐼𝑉) 2
(𝐼)15𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠 (𝐼𝐼)
1
2 9 3 3 6

13
(𝐼𝐼𝐼) (𝐼𝑉) 6𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
15
 SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER-2
CLASS: X SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS STANDARD
MM:80 Time:3:00 Hours

General Instructions:
1. This Question Paper has 5 Sections A, B, C, D and E.
2. Section A has 20 MCQs carrying 1 mark each
3. Section B has 5 questions carrying 02 marks each.
4. Section C has 6 questions carrying 03 marks each.
5. Section D has 4 questions carrying 05 marks each.
6. Section E has 3 case based integrated units of assessment (04 marks each) with
sub- parts of the values of 1, 1 and 2 marks each respectively.
7. All Questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice in 2 Qs of 5 marks, 2 Qs
of 3 marks and 2 Questions of 2 marks has been provided. An internal choice has been
provided in the 2marks questions of Section E
8. Draw neat figures wherever required. Take π =22/7 wherever required if not
stated.
SECTION A
Section A consists of 20 questions of 1 mark each
Q. 1 If the area of a circle is numerically equal to twice its circumference, 1
then the diameter of the circle is
a) 4 units b) n units c) 8 units d) 2 units
Q. 2 The number of polynomials having zeroes as -2 and 5 is : 1
a)1 b) 2 c) 3 d) more than 3
Q. 3 A ladder 18 m long makes an angle of 60˚ with a wall. The height of the 1
point where the ladder reaches the wall is :
a)9√3m b) 18√3 m c) 18m d) 9m
Q. 4 If tan 𝑥 + cot 𝑥 = 2 then 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 is :
2 2
1
a) 2 b) 4 c) 0 d) 6
Q. 5 For what value of k ,will the lines represented by the following pair of 1
linear equations be parallel; 8x + ky = 10 and 4x + 2y = 20 is:
a)4 b) 1 c)5/2 d) 1/2
Q. 6 For the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 - 4x+3 = 0 is: 1
a)Real &equal b) real & distinct c) not real d) can’t be said
Q. 7 If x=asec θ, y=btanθ, then 𝑥 /𝑎 – 𝑦 /𝑏 is equal to:
2 2 2 2
1
𝑎) 𝑎2 b) b2 c) 1 d) -1
Q. 8 The value of p for which (2p+1), 10 and (5p + 5) are three consecutive 1
terms of an AP is:
a) -1
b) -2
c) 1
d) 2
Q. 9 The next term of the AP √8 , √18 , √32 ,…..is; 1
 a)5√2
b)5√3
c)3√3
d)3√3
Q. 10 The distance of the point A(-5,6) from the origin is: 1
a)11 units
b)61 units
c)√11units
d)√61units
Q. 11 In △ABC, AB = 3cm and, AC = 4 cm and AD is the bisector of ∠A. Then, 1
BD : DC is —
a) 9: 16
b) 4:3
c) 3:4
d) 16:9
Q. 12 The tangents drawn at the extremities of the diameter of a circle 1
are
a) perpendicular
b) parallel
c) equal
d) none of these
Q. 13 In figure if O is Centre of a circle, PQ is a chord and the tangent PR at P 1
makes an angle of 50° with PQ, then ∠POQ is equal to

a) 100°
b) 80°
c) 90°
d) 75°
Q. 14 A cylindrical pencil sharpened at one end is the combination of 1
a) a cone and a cylinder
b) two cylinders
c) a hemisphere and a cylinder
d) two cones
Q. 15 Given below is a combination figure of square ABCD of side 26cm and 1
four circles. Find the area of the shaded region. (Take π=3.14)
 a) 530.64 𝑐𝑚2
b) 402.83 𝑐𝑚2
c) 360 𝑐𝑚2
d) 480.53 𝑐𝑚2
Q. 16 If the distance between the points (x, -1) and (3, 2) is 5, then the value 1
of x is
a) -7 or -1
b) -7 or 1
c) 7 or 1
d) 7 or -1

Q. 17 2 cards of hearts and 4 cards of spades are missing from a pack of 52 1

cards. A card is drawn at random from the remaining pack. What is the
probability of getting a black card:
a)22/52

b)22/46

C)24/52

d) 24/46

Q. 18 If the difference of mode and mean of a data is 24. The difference of 1

median and mean is

a)8

a) 12

b) 24

c) 36

DIRECTION: In the question number 19 and 20 a statement of assertion (A) is

followed by a statement of Reason (R). Choose the correct option

Q. 19 Assertion (A): If the product of two numbers is 5780 and their HCF is 1
 17 then their LCM is 340.

Reason (R) : HCF is always a factor of LCM.

a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the

correct explanation of assertion (A).

b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the

correct explanation of assertion (A).

c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Q. 20 Assertion (A): If ∆ABC and ∆PQR are congruent triangles, then they 1

are also similar triangles.

Reason (R): All congruent triangles are similar but the similar

triangles need not be congruent.

a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the

correct explanation of assertion (A)

b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the

correct explanation of assertion (A)

c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.

d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

SECTION B
Consists of 5 questions 0f 2 marks each

Q. 21 Given a linear equation 3x-5y = 11. Form another linear equation 2

in these variables such that the geometric representation of the

pair so formed is:

(i) intersecting lines

(ii) coincident lines

Q. 22 Find the value of x if, 2
3
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 30˚ + x 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 60˚ - 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 30˚ = 10

Or

𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃−𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 1−√3

Find an acute angle θ, when = 1+√3
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝜃+𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃

Q. 23 The coordinates of the points P and Q are respectively (4, -3) and (- 2

1,7). Find the x- coordinate of a point R on the line segment PQ such

𝑃𝑅 3
that 𝑃𝑄 = 5

Q. 24 PA and PB are tangents from P to the circle with centre O. At the 2

point M, a tangent is drawn cutting PA at K and PB at N. Prove that

KN=AK+BN.

Q. 25 The length of the minute hand of a clock is 6cm. Find the area swept by 2

it when it moves from 7:05 p.m. to 7:35 p.m.

Or

The minute hand of a clock is √21cm long. Find the area described

by the minute hand on the face of the clock between 7.00 am and

7.05 am.

SECTION C
Section C consists of 6 questions of 3 marks each

Q. 26 Prove that √10 is an irrational number. 3

Q. 27 Two coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability of getting 3

(1) At least one head?

(2) At most one tail?

(3) A head and a tail?

Q. 28 If α and β are two zeroes of the polynomial 25𝑝2 -15p+2,find a 3

1 1
quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 2∝ and 2𝛽.

Q. 29 Prove that (Cosec A - Sin A) (Sec A - Cos A)(Tan A + Cot A) = 1 3

Q. 30 Solve: 3

2a+ 3b = 2

4a-9b = -1

OR

A father’s age is three times the sum of the ages of his two children .

After five his age will be two times the sum of their ages.Find the

present age of the father.

Q. 31 In the given figure, PQ is tangent at point R of the circle with centre O. 3

If ∠TRQ = 30˚, find m∠PRS

OR
Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn from an external point T with

centre O as shown in figure. If they are inclined to each other at an

angle of 100˚, then what is the value of ∠POQ ?

 SECTION D
Section D consists of 4 questions of 5 marks each

Q. 32 Find the median height . 5

Height (in cm) Number of girls

Less than 140 4

Less than 145 11

Less than 150 29

Less than 155 40

Less than 160 46

Less than 165 51

Q. 33 A natural number, when increased by 12, is the same as 160 times its 5

reciprocal. Find out the number.

Or

1 1 1 1 −2𝑎−𝑏
Solve for x: = + 𝑏 +2𝑥, x ≠0, x ≠ , a,b ≠0
2𝑎+𝑏+2𝑥 2𝑎 2

Q. 34 In the figure, ∠ACB = 90˚and CD⏊AB. Prove that 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐷

𝐵𝐶 2 𝐵𝐷 5

Q. 35 There are two identical solid cubical boxes of side 7cm. From the top 5
 face of the first cube a hemisphere of diameter equal to the side of the

cube is scooped out. This hemisphere is inverted and placed on the top

of the second cube’s surface to form a dome. Find

(i) the ratio of the total surface area of the two new solids formed

(ii) volume of each new solid formed

Or

Due to heavy floods in a state, thousands were rendered homeless. 50

schools collectively decided to provide place and the canvas for 1500

tents and share the whole expenditure equally. The lower part of each

tent is cylindrical with base radius 2.8 m and height 3.5 m and the

upper part is conical with the same base radius, but of height 2.1 m. If

the canvas used to make the tents costs ₹120 per m2 , find the amount

shared by each school to set up the tents.

SECTION E
Section E consists of 3 Case Study Based question of 4 marks each
Q. 36 Your friend Veer wants to participate in a 200m race. He can currently 4
run that distance in 51 seconds and with each day of practice it takes
him 2 seconds less. He wants to do in 31 seconds.

1. Which of the following terms are in AP for the given situation? 1

a) 51,53,55….
 b)51, 49, 47….

c)-51, -53, -55….

d)51, 55, 59…

2. Which of the following term is not in the AP of the above given

situation? 1

a) 41

b)30

c)37

d)39

3. What is the minimum number of days he needs to practice till his

goal is achieved? 2

or

If nth term of an AP is given by an = 2n + 3 then what will be the

common difference of an AP.

Q. 37 In a GPS, The lines that run east-west are known as lines of latitude, 4
and the lines running north-south are known as lines of longitude. The
latitude and the longitude of a place are its coordinates and the
distance formula is used to find the distance between two places. The
distance between two parallel lines is approximately 150 km. A family
from Uttar Pradesh planned a round trip from Lucknow (L) to Puri (P)
via Bhuj (B) and Nashik (N) as shown in the given figure below.
 Based on the above information answer the following questions using
the coordinate geometry.

1. Find the distance between Lucknow (L) to Bhuj(B). 1

2.Name the type of triangle formed by the places Lucknow (L), Nashik
(N) and Puri (P) . 1

3. If Kota (K), internally divide the line segment joining Lucknow (L) to
Bhuj (B) into 3 : 2 then find the coordinate of Kota (K). 2

OR

Find a place (point) on the longitude (y-axis) which is equidistant from

the points Lucknow (L) and Puri (P).

Q. 38 There are two temples on each bank of a river. One temple is 50 m 4

high. A man, who is standing on the top of 50 m high temple,
observed from the top that angle of depression of the top and foot
of other temple are 30° and 60° respectively. (Take√𝟑= 1.73)
 Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(1) What is the measure of ∠ADF ? 1

(2) What is the measure of ∠ACB? 1

(3) What is the width of the river? 2

Or

What is the height of the other temple?

MARKING SCHEME SQP-2

CLASS: X SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS STANDARD

MM:80 Time:3:00 Hours

SOLUTION
Q. MARKDS
NO
.
1 C 1
2 D 1
3 A 1
4 A 1
5 A 1
6 B 1
7 C 1
8 D 1
9 A 1
10 D 1
11 C 1
12 B 1
13 A 1
14 A 1
15 A 1
16 D 1
17 B 1
18 B 1
19 B 1
20 A 1
21 Another equation should satisfy the condition of

Intersecting lines , 𝑎2≠𝑏2

𝑎1 𝑏1 1

𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 1
Coincident lines, 𝑎2 = 𝑏2 = 𝑐2

22 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 30˚+x𝑠𝑖𝑛2 60° − 4 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 30˚

3

√3 3 1 1
⇒2×22 +x×( 2 )2- 4 ( )2 = 10
√3
1
⇒x = 3

Or

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1−√3
= 1+√3
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1−√3

÷ = 1+√3 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

1−𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1−√3
=
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 1+√3

On comparing the two sides, we get,

1
Tanθ=√3 = tan60˚

θ=60˚
23
Given PR/PQ=3/5

⇒ PQ/PR=5/3......(1)
1
Here PQ=PR+QR
Substituting the value of PQ in (1) and subtracting 1 from both sides

(PR+QR)/PR−1=5/3−1

∴ QR/PR=2/3

So the ratio at which R divides PQ is 3:2

 We know that if a point R(x,y) divides the line segment PQ joining the
points P(x1,y1) and Q(x2,y2) in the ratio m:n then by the section formula.
x=mx2+nx1/m+n &y=my2+ny1/m+n
As we are given the coordinates of P and Q and also QR/PR,
x=3×(−1)+2×4/3+2 , y=3×7+2×(−3)/3+2 1
∴ x=1,y=3

So the x coordinate of a point R is 1

24 We know that the tangents drawn from an external point to a circle

are equal in length.
1
∴PA=PB [From P](i)

KA=KM[From K](ii)

and, NB=NM[From N](iii)

Adding (ii),(iii),we get

1
KA+NB=KM+NM

⇒AK+BN=KM+MN

⇒AK+BN=KN

25 In 60 minutes ,minute hand makes an angle of 360˚ 0.5

360°
Therefore in 1 minute it will make an angle of = 6˚
60°

Hence in 30 minutes it will make an angle of 180˚

1
Since r = 6 cm
180
∴ area swept by it will be = 360×Л×𝑟 2

= 1/2 ×22/7×6×6
0.5
= 396/7 𝑐𝑚2

OR
0.5
5 minutes will make an angle of 30˚
1
 ∴ area swept by the minute hand will be =
30° 22
× ×√21×√21 0.5
360 7

=11/2 𝑐𝑚2
26 For correct proof 3
27 When two coins are tossed the results are (HH,HT,TH,TT)

Total no. of outcomes =4

(1) 4
3
1
3
(2) 4 1
1
(3) 2
1

28 a=25,b=−15,c=2

Given that,

Sum of roots

α+β= - 𝑎 = 25 = 5
𝑏 15 3 0.5

Product of roots
𝑐 2 0.5
α.β= =
𝑎 25

Now,
1 1
and 2𝛽
2𝛼

Then,

Sum of roots

1 1 2𝛼 +2𝛽 2(α +β) 2×3/5 15

+2𝛽= = = 4×2/25 = 0.5
2𝛼 4𝛼𝛽 4𝛼𝛽 4

Product of roots
1
×
1 1
= 4𝛼𝛽 = 4×2/25=
1 25 0.5
2𝛼 2𝛽 8

So, the equation of polynomial is

p2−(Sum of roots)p+product of roots

 15 25
⇒𝑝2 − p+
4 8

1
⇒8𝑝2 −30p+25

Hence, this is the answer.

29 (cosecA−sinA)(secA−cosA)(tanA+cotA)

=(1/sinA−sinA)(1/cosA−cosA)(sinA/cosA+cosA/sinA) 1

=(
1−𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 × 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴
)(
1− 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 × 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴
)(
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 × 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 × 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 1
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐴 × 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐴

= (1 - 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2 𝐴)(1 - 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 A)( 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 A + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 A) /𝑆𝑖𝑛2 A 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 A

1
= 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴×𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 / 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 A 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 A

=1

Hence proved

(cosecA−sinA)(secA−cosA)(tanA+cotA)=1

30 Let

2α+3β=2[×2] = 4a + 6b = 4 …………………………… 1)

4a−9b=−1 …………………………….. 2) 1
 Subtracting 1) and 2)

15b=5 1

⇒b=1/3

Substituting β in 1) equation

4a + 6×1/3 = 4 1

a=1/2

Or

Let the age of father =x years 1

The sum of the age of 2 children =y years
According to the first condition
⇒x=3y.....eq1
After 5 years 1
⇒ Father's age =x+5
⇒ The sum of ages of his two children =y+10

According to the second condition

⇒x+5=2(y+10)⇒x+5=2y+20
⇒x−2y=15....eq2
Put the value of x from eq1
⇒3y−2y=15⇒y=15
Put y=15 in eq1
⇒x=3×15⇒x=45

Hence, father age =45 years

31 From figure, Given that

∠TRQ=30∘………………(i) 1

∠TRS=90∘(Angle in semi circle)..............(ii)

From (i) and (ii)

∠TRQ + ∠TRS = 120˚ ………………(iii) 1

We know that

∠PRS +∠TRQ+∠TRS = 180˚

∴ ∠PRS = 180˚ - 120˚ = 60˚ 1

 Or
Consider the quadrilateral OPTQ. It is given that ∠PTQ = 100°.

From the property of the tangent we know that the tangent will
always be perpendicular to the radius at the point of contact.
Therefore we have,

We know that the sum of all angles of a quadrilateral will always be

equal to 360°.

Therefore,
1
+ + +

Let us substitute the values of all the known angles. We have,

Therefore, the value of angle ∠POQ is 80°.

32 Computation of Median height

Cumlative
Class interval Class Interval frequency (f)
Frequency
(cf)
Height (in cm) Number of

girls

Less than 140 135-140 4

4

Less than 145 140-145 11 2

7

Less than 150 145-150 29

18
 Less than 155 150-155 40
11

Less than 160 155-160 46

6

Less than 165 160-165 51

5

∑fi = 51

We have,
N=∑fi= 51
⇒N/2=51/2=25.5

0.5

As 29 is just greater than 25.5, therefore median class is 145-150.

N
−Cf
Median=l+( 2
)×h
𝑓

Here, l= lower limit of median class =145

0.5
C=C.F. of the class preceding the median class =11

h= higher limit - lower limit =150−145=5

f= frequency of median class =18

2
∴median=145+(25.5−11)×5/18=145+4.03=149.03

33 Let the number be x. Then,

x+12=160× 𝑥
1
1

1
𝑥 2 +12x−160=0

(x+20)(x−8)=0
2
computation

x=−20,8
1
Therefore, the required number is 8.

OR
 1/2a+b+2x=1/2a+1/b+1/2x

⇒1/2x+b+2a−1/2x=1/2a+1//b+12x−1/2x

⇒2x−2a−b−2x/2x(2a+b+2x)=b+2a/2ab 2

⇒−2a−b/2x(2a+b+2x)=b+2a/2ab

⇒−1/x(2a+b+2x)=1/ab

⇒2𝑥 2 +bx+2ax+ab=0

⇒x(2x+b)+a(2x+b)=0 2

(2x+b)(x+a)=0

If 2x+b=0 then x=−b/2

And x+a=0 then x=−a 1

34 △ ACD ~ △ ABC

So, AC/AB = AD/AC 2

or, 𝐴𝐶 2 = AB.AD (1)

Similarly, Δ BCD ~ Δ BAC

So, BC/BA = BD/BC 2

or, 𝐵𝐶 2 = BA.BD (2)

Therefore, from (1) and (2), 1

𝐵𝐶 2 𝐵𝐷
= 𝐴𝐷
𝐴𝐶 2

35 (I) SA for first new solid (S1):

= 6 x 7 x 7 + 2 π x 3.52 - π x 3.52 2

=294 + 77 – 38.5 = 332.5𝑐𝑚2

SA for second new solid (S2):

=6 x 7 x 7 + 2 π x 3.52 - π x 3.52

= 294 + 77 – 38.5 = 332.5 𝑐𝑚2 1

So S1: S2 = 1:1

Or

Total area of each Tent (Cylinder) =2πrh

=2×22/7×2.8×3.5

=61.6 m2

Area of conical upper part (cone) = πrl

1
=22/7×2.8×√2.12 + 2.82

=30.8 𝑚2

Area of 1500 tents = Area of cylinder + Area of cone

1
=61.6+30.8

=92.4 𝑚2

Cost of making Tent = Rs. 120 per 𝑚2

1
Total money cost for canvas =120×92.4

= Rs. 11088

Amount shared by each school =Total amount/Number of school

1
=11088/50
 = Rs. 221.76

Therefore, the amount shared by each school to set up the

tents = Rs. 221.76=Rs.222 (approx)

1
36 I) 51,49,47… 1

Ii) 30

1
Iii) 11 2

OR

2
37 1. 150√34 km 1

2. An Isosceles triangle 1

41
3. (3, 5 ) OR
25
(0, 8 ) 2

38 1. 30˚ 1
2. 60˚
3. BC=50/√3=50√3/3=28.867m 1
Or
33.33m 2