2.

NOTE-TAKING SKILL Using a split page

Listen to the talk show. Then match each question with the notes on main ideas
and details.

Rising agent makes air bubbles.

Bubbles hold up spoon.
Produced by hot air and steam pushed into cold milk
Air bubbles expand when heated.
An equation
Helps us understand gas behavior

How does bubble physics How does bubble physics

What is the Ideal Gas Law?
apply to cappuccino froth? apply to bread?

3. VOCABULARY 1 PRONUNCIATION
Listen to each word or phrase. Record each word or phrase. Then listen and
practice your pronunciation.

1.affordable

2.alternative

3.force

4.function

5.gear
 6.hazardous

7.intention

8.inventor

9.power

10.stream

11.summarize

12.throughout

4. VOCABULARY 1 PRACTICE
Listen to the definitions. Match the word to what you hear.

function affordable intention hazardous gear

alternative force summarize

5. LISTENING COMPREHENSION The Science of
Sports
Listen to the physics lecture. Then choose the correct words or phrases to
complete the notes.

Fluid Dynamics
- How something moves by applying a force to it / gas and liquid move around
objects / a ball spin affects direction

- Cycling uniforms are designed to press against gravity / reduce air resistance /
apply more force.
- Swimming – similar

The Magnus Effect

- How gravity pushes a ball down / something moves by applying a force to it / a
ball spin affects direction

- American football players use this to move the ball in the direction they want /
kick the ball farther / run faster.

Newton's Second Law of Motion

- How a ball spin affects direction / something moves by applying a force to it /
gravity pushes a ball down

- Sprinters can apply 1.2 / 1,000 / 500 pounds of force to start.

Ballistics
- How a ball spin affects direction / gas and liquid move around objects / a kicked
ball goes up and down

- To make a ball travel far, kick it at a 45 degree angle / with 500 pounds of
force / as hard as you can.

6. LISTENING SKILL Making inferences

Listen to excerpts from the lecture. Choose the information that you can infer
based on each excerpt.

1.

o The professor assumes his students are probably interested in

sports.
o The professor assumes that his students are competitive
athletes.
o The professor assumes his students are prepared for the class.

2.

o The best cycling helmet is the biggest and strongest.

o The best cycling helmet is the smallest and lightest.
o The best cycling helmet fits the most closely to the cyclist's
head.

3.

o Some of the the students are not American.

o All of the students are American.
o Some of the students are Australian.

4.

o It's important for American football and baseball players to

learn how to throw the ball as far as possible.
o It's important for American football and baseball players to
learn how to spin the ball.
o It's not important for American football and baseball players
to learn how to make the ball move in different directions.

5.

o Usain Bolt is the fastest runner in the world.

o Usain Bolt is probably well known.
o The students don't know who Usain Bolt is.

6.

o Sprinters are twice as fast as regular people.

o Sprinters touch the ground more often than regular people.
o Sprinters' leg muscles can transmit more force than regular
 people's.

7.

o The professor doesn't know how to measure 45 degrees.

o Scientific theory isn't always practical.
o Soccer players should measure their kicks to aim for 45
degrees.

8.

o It's important for the students to memorize this information

for a future test.
o There are no people who are both competitive athletes and
physicists.
o Competitive athletes might not be aware of the science
behind their success.

7. VOCABULARY 2 PRONUNCIATION
Listen to each word. Record each word. Then listen and practice your
pronunciation.

1.astonishing

2.capacity

3.double

4.dramatically

5.extent

6.hilarious
 7.noticeable

8.rapidly

9.reflect

10.sophisticated

11.target

8. VOCABULARY 2 PRACTICE
Match each word with the correct definition. You do not need to use all the
words.

hilarious dramatically extent target noticeable

rapidly sophisticated reflect capacity double

1. the number of things or people that a container or space can hold

2. how large, important, serious, etc. something is
3. very quickly
4. to show the nature of something
5. goal
6. very funny
7. to become or make something become twice as much or as many
8. clever and complicated in the way that it works or is presented

9. VOCABULARY SKILL Word forms

Choose the correct form of the word to complete each sentence.

1. The furniture he built is absolutely beautifully / beautiful / beauty.

2. The students in my class come from many different cultural / cultures / culturally .
3. Talia's hometown is filled with natural beautifully / beautiful / beauty.

4. He hopes to education / educate / educational people about bookbinding.

5. This book was written beautiful / beautifully / beauty.

6. We're raising money for an important organized / organization / organize.

7. It wasn't realist / real / realistic to think he'd finish the job quickly.

8. Annie wants to learn about her friends' cultural / cultures / culturally background.

9. It takes a lot of work to organized / organization / organize a schedule.

10. Danica received a great educate / educational / education at her university.

11. Ryan works hard, but he isn't very organized / organize / organization.

12. The summer program we attended was fun and education / educational / education .

10. CRITICAL THINKING VIDEO Distinguishing

between similar words
Watch the critical thinking video. Then answer the questions.

1. When we distinguish between two things, we _____.

o feel positive toward them

o understand their similarities
o understand their differences

2. Words that are similar are called _____.

o antonyms
o connotations
o synonyms

3. When we think about a word's connotation, we consider _____.

o the way the word makes us feel in addition to what it means

o the meaning of the word and any other possible similar words

4. Which synonym of the word beautiful feels more formal?

o gorgeous
o good-looking

5. When distinguishing between a speaker's word choice and similar

 words we know, we should _____.

o think about why the speaker chose that word

o try to think of more words that are similar

6. Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in this

sentence?
"The scientist observed a small change in the animal's behavior."

o understood
o read about
o watched

7. Is the underlined word in this sentence positive, negative, or neutral?

"The boy was called a prodigy because he was so good at playing the
piano at a very young age."

o positive
o neutral
o negative

8. Which word or phrase is the closest in meaning and feeling to the

underlined word in this sentence:
"The researchers were overjoyed that the data supported their
hypothesis."

o happy
o very happy
o somewhat happy

11. GRAMMAR Present perfect and present perfect

continuous
Listen to each sentence. Is the sentence in the present perfect or present perfect
continuous? Choose the form you hear.

1.

o present perfect
 o present perfect continuous

2.

o present perfect
o present perfect continuous

3.

o present perfect
o present perfect continuous

4.

o present perfect
o present perfect continuous

5.

o present perfect
o present perfect continuous

6.

o present perfect
o present perfect continuous

7.

o present perfect
o present perfect continuous

8.

o present perfect
o present perfect continuous
12. GRAMMAR EXPANSION Future forms: will, be
going to, and future continuous
Read about will, be going to, and the future continuous. Then complete the
conversation with the correct words from the word bank.

Future forms: will, be going to, and future continuous

Will
You can use will or the contraction 'll + the verb to express the future.

I will study tomorrow.

Will is often used for promises and for decisions made at the moment of speaking.

I promise I'll come to class tomorrow.

A: Someone is at the door.

B: I'll get it!

Be going to
You can also use be going to + the verb to express the future. This form is often used for
definite plans.

We are going to take a vacation this summer.

Paula is going to work tomorrow.

Future continuous
The future continuous is formed with will be + the present participle (verb + -ing). It refers to
a situation in the future that will be ongoing.

I will be working all summer.

The future continuous is also used to express something that will be happening at a specific
time in the future.

What will you be doing at 3:00 tomorrow?

I'll be taking a test.

Note that will and the future continuous express different meanings, especially in the first
person. A sentence with will can be used to make a promise. However, the same sentence in
the future continuous typically expresses a plan or expectation.

I'll work on Monday. (a promise)

I'll be working on Monday. (a plan)

be studying I'll be having I'll see will be taking

 going to will be eating will try will look for am going to be

Waleed: Hey, what classes are you _________ take this fall?
Darren: Well, I'll _________ architecture, so I really need to take Building Design and
Aesthetics, but I want to take Introduction to Woodworking.
Waleed: Oh, guess what! I _________ in that class.
Darren: Really? Do you know when?
Waleed: Yes, I just added it to my schedule. I _________ it on Monday and Wednesday
mornings. You should see if the class is full. If it's not, you could join.
Darren: Yeah, that sounds good. I hope it's not. It would be fun to take a class together. I
_________ to register now.
Waleed: Great! Well, I hope _________ you again soon. By the way, if you aren't doing
anything for lunch at noon, I _________ in the cafeteria. After that I have an appointment
at one, so _________ a quick lunch. But join me if you can.
Darren: OK, I _________ you in the cafeteria. Thanks!

13. PRONUNCIATION Basic intonation patterns

Listen to the conversation. Record Part A or Part B. Be careful to use the correct
intonation patterns. Listen to your response.

A:There's a new guy in our class. He just moved here.

B:Where's he from?
A:I think he's from New York. His name is Min Su.
B:Is he Korean?
A:I don't know. I didn't ask.
B:We should invite him for dinner. You should give him a call.
A:I don't have his number.
B:Did he give you his email address?
A:Yes. But where did I put it?

14. SPEAKING SKILL Avoiding answering questions

Listen to each question. Then respond to the speaker in a way that allows you to
avoid answering the question directly.

?Who is your favorite teacher.1

 ?Did you enjoy your last job.2

?Can I have your account number, please.3

?Who is the smartest student in your class.4

?How much money do you make.5

?Who did you vote for in the last election.6

15. ALTERNATE UNIT ASSIGNMENT Explain a law of

science
Read and listen to the instructions. Then explain a law of science. Record and
listen to your explanation.
1.In this unit, you learned about many different laws of science. Choose one law
and explain it. Tell what the law is and how it affects your life.

 the law of conservation of energy

 Archimedes's buoyancy principle
 Newton's law of gravitation
 Newton's second law of motion
 Newton's third law of motion
 Moore's law
 bubble physics
 fluid dynamics
 the Magnus Effect
 the science of ballistics

17. TRACK YOUR SUCCESS Vocabulary review

Here are some words you learned in this unit. Are the words nouns, verbs, or
adjectives? Move each word into the correct category.
astonishing sophisticated noticeable reflect inventor
 affordable double hazardous capacity extent

hilarious alternative intention summarize function

Nouns Verbs Adjectives