Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

OCCUPATIONAL STANDARD

STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION WORKS

NTQF Level V
 Ministry of Education
March 2022

Introduction

Ethiopia has embarked on a process of reforming its Technical and Vocational

Education and Training (TVET) System. Within the policies and strategies of the
Ethiopian Government, technology transformation by using current international
standards and international best practices as the basis, and, adopting, adapting and
verifying them in the Ethiopian context – is a pivotal element. TVET is given an
important role with regard to technology transfer. The new paradigm in the outcome-
based TVET system is the orientation at the current and anticipated future demand of
the economy and the labor market.

The Ethiopian Occupational Standard (EOS) is the core element of the Ethiopian
National TVET Strategy and an important factor within the context of the National TVET
Qualification Framework (NTQF). They are national Ethiopian standards, which define
the current and future occupational requirements and expected outcome related to a
specific occupation using distinct Unit of Competences without taking TVET delivery into
account.

The whole Package EOS document for an occupation is an integrated set of nationally
endorsed core generic Unit of Competences organized in to different qualification levels
built one upon the other below or side wise to make full occupational profile.

This document details the mandatory format, sequencing, wording and layout for the
Ethiopia Occupational Standard which comprised of Units of Competence.

A Unit of Competence describes a distinct work activity. It is documented in a standard

format that comprises:
 Occupational title and NTQF level
 Unit title
 Unit code
 Unit descriptor
 Elements and Performance criteria
 Range and Variables
 Evidence guide

Together all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide the assessor/curriculum developer
in determining the candidate training and assessment.

The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise a description of the occupation
with all the key components of a Unit of Competence:
  Chart with an overview of all Units of Competence with their Unit Codes and Titles
 Detail contents of each Unit of Competence
 Occupational map providing the TVET providers with information and important
requirements to consider when designing training programs using this standards
and show a career path
1. Modification History
2.1 Occupational Title:
This occupational Standard is set for Structural Construction Works Level v This
occupational Standard is version 1 and revised in March 2022.
2.2 Description of the Occupation
2.2.1 Level Description
Level v
Breadth, depth and complexity of knowledge and skills embodied in the units qualify a
person to perform a defined range of activities most of which may be routine and
predictable.

Applications may include a variety of employment related skills including preparatory

access and participation skills, broad-based induction skills and/or specific workplace
skills. They may also include participation in a team or work group.

1.2.2 Occupant performance profile

Level v
Structural construction works
Occupational standard for each level covers description of the competences (knowledge,
skills and attitudes) to perform work activities to standard required at work paces
expressed as occupant performance profile:

 Construction material test

 Prepare Specifications for Construction Works
 Administer Legal Obligations of Construction Contract
 Manage Bid/Tender Document Development for Construction Projects
 Supervise Selection of Construction Materials
 Manage human resource and Equipment Performance
 Supervise Planning of On-site Construction Works
 Monitor Costing System of Construction Project
 Manage Budgets and Financial Plan within the Project
 Manage Construction Environmental Management Process
2. Unit Code:
There are agreed conventions for the unit codes used for unit of competences
organized for any specific occupational standard. Codes are given by considering
international and national benchmarks.
Example:
Occupational title: Structural CONSTRUCTION Works
Unit Title: Work Safely in the Construction Industry
Unit Code: EIS SCW2 01 0322
Unit Coding is Described Here Under:
Character What it stands for:

EIS First three characters signify the priority/major

industry/sector acronym. E.g. Economic infrastructure

SCW4 Four characters in the second group signify the acronym

of the occupational title expressed as a work function
and qualification level written in numerical form shows
the unit belongs. E.g. Structural Construction Works
Level Iv

01 Third group with two numbers signify the numerical order

of the specific unit

0322 Fourth group of four characters signify the month and

year of development. E.g. March 2022

3. Version Change
This occupational standard is developed in the title of Basic Building Construction Works
Level I. The title of the occupational standard for this version is maintained the existing title
names (Level l), to which the relevant sector for the occupation- Economic infrastructure
sector belongs. Hence, units of competences considered from previous structural
construction works (Level v 2022), and these versions are modified in to the above
mentioned occupations and can be considered as a new occupation by endorsing their
own competency.

The version number for future revision will either be changed or not, depending on the
extent of the change. Thus, those who are responsible to undertake competence
assessment and provide training should check for the version number and review date of
the document to confirm the latest version number before developing assessment tools
and commence training respectively. Users are also advised to contact the agency for any
doubts they have on the document or may refer to the website.
 The development date is the time the document is prepared and validated by
relevant industry experts and approved by relevant sector leading the industry. It
indicates the effective date to use the document for training and assessment
purposes and termination of use of the previous version for any purposes.

The endorsed occupational standards and their components may remain current up to five
years from the date of development. This version is developed in March 2022.

Users of this occupational standard are advised strictly to read and understand the table
below for the changes made on the occupational standard during revision process.
Previous Occupational Standard Modified Occupational standard
Name and Level : BASIC BUILDING Name and Level: Structural construction
CONSTRUCTION WORKS Level I works Level v
Version: IV Version: New
Date of Development: March 2011 Date of Development/review: March 2022
Revision Changes
Occupational Changes on the units Justification/Remark
Level
Level v Retained &re-Approved Units: By making Some
changes on the contents,
 Construction material test including updating unit
 Prepare Specifications for codes
Construction Works
 Produce Pre-Cast Concrete  Produce Pre-Cast
Structures and Components Concrete Structures
and Components
 Administer Legal Obligations of upgrade from BBC
Construction Contract level III to SCW level
IV
 Manage Bid/Tender Document
Development for Construction
Projects
 Supervise Selection of
Construction Materials
 Manage human resource and
Equipment Performance
 Supervise Planning of On-site
Construction Works
 Monitor Costing System of
Construction Project
 Manage Budgets and Financial
Plan within the Project
 Manage Construction
Environmental Management
Process
Merged Units: 
 There is no merged unit of
competence
Replaced Units: Replaced by:

Removed Units:  The competences

 Manage Construction Project that repeated and
coverd other unit
 Develop Professional Technical
of compitency
and Legal Reports on Building removed from this
level
and Construction Projects
 Generic
 Apply principles of OHS risk competences are
excluded because
management
they are available
 Manage project communication in each
competencies as
  Practice career professionalism element or
performance
 Develop and reified system for
criteria
continuance improvement in
operation system
 Manage Project Quality
 Capitalize Change and
Creativity
 Manage Continuous
Improvement Process (Kaizen)
New units Added:
 Construction material test
 Prepare Specifications for
Construction Works

4. Occupational Map
The following occupational map is the current occupational structure in this sector. It
also shows titles of occupations, vertical pathways and the level of qualifications.

Figure 1

STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION WORK

Structural Construction Work

Level V OS
UNIT OF COMPETENCY CHART
Occupational Standard: STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION WORK
Occupational Code: EIS SCW V
NTQF Level V
EIS SCW5 01 0322 EIS SCW5 02 1118 EIS SCW5 03 0322
Construction material test Produce Pre-Cast Prepare Specifications
Concrete Structures and for Construction Works
Components

EIS SCW5 04 0322 EIS SCW5 05 0322 EIS SCW5 06 0322

Administer Legal Prepare Bid/Tender Supervise Selection of
Obligations of Construction Document Development Construction Materials
Contract for Construction Projects

EIS SCW5 07 0322 EIS SCW5 08 0322 EIS SCW5 09 0322

Manage human resource Supervise Planning of Monitor Costing System
and Equipment On-site Construction of Construction Project
Performance Works

EIS SCW5 10 0322 EIS SCW5 11 0322

Manage Budgets and Manage Construction
Financial Plan within the Environmental
Project Management Process
Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V
Unit Title Construction Material Test
Elements
Unit Code Performance
EIS SCW5 01Criteria
0322
4. Conduct test to This unit of competency covers the ability to conduct
Unit
1. Descriptor
Interpret 4.1.Apply
1.1. PerformOHS each treatment/measurement
Process are clarified, stage
where of themulti-stage
necessarytest method tests
identified
determineandsample to determine the properties of raw and/or manufactured construction
schedule precisely and
according in the correct
to material test sequence
propertiestest materials. The unit includes data processing and interpretation of
requirements 4.2. Tools
Record all data, observations
1.2.
results and
to identify equipment’s
obvious areand
errors orany factors thatresults
identified
unexpected may impact
and take
on
correctivethe quality of results
1.3. Access action,
relevantand jobalso the competency
instructions from is applicable
laboratory to laboratory
information
personnel working
4.3.management
Recognize construction
obvious errors ormaterial
atypical testing
data industry
and take sectors who
appropriate
system (LIMS)
conduct tests inactions
corrective consulting laboratories or laboratories at extractive,
1.4. Interpret testorrequest
manufacturing to confirm
construction samples
sites using to be tested, the
established test test
methods.
4.4.method
Seek advice
and to deal with
equipment any situation beyond own technical
involved
These tests (such as load bearing ability, creep, shrinkage, durability,
competence
plasticity,
1.5. Identifypermeability,
hazards andwater cementcontrols
workplace ratio and reactivity)
associated arethe
with used to
4.5. Shut
determine down
sample, the test equipment/instruments
properties
preparation of aggregates,
methods, chemicals and in accordance
concrete, with
soils, or other
equipment.
workplace
specialised procedures
construction materials and products.
1.6. Assemble all required tools and equipment.
5. Process and 5.1 Check data for accuracy and completeness
interpret data 1.7. Plan work sequences for optimum efficiency and/or throughput of
5.2 multiple
Performsamples
required calculations and ensure results are consistent
with expected values for the sample type
2. Prepare samples 2.1. Retrieve samples and/or test pieces from storage and record their
or test pieces 5.3 general
Recordappearance
and reportare results with the appropriate accuracy,
applied.
precision and units
2.2. Check the accuracy and completeness of accompanying labels and
5.4 documentation
Interpret trends to in data traceability
ensure and/or results and report out of
specification or unexpected results promptly to appropriate
2.3. Check that the storage construction material /curing
personnel
conditions of samples and/or test pieces were appropriate
5.5 Determine if obvious procedure or equipment problems have
2.4. Prepare samples and/or
led to unexpected datatest pieces in accordance with appropriate
or result
test method
6. Maintain laboratory 6.1 Enter approved data and test results into LIMS
records 2.5. Conduct preliminary measurements to establish initial dimensions
6.2 andMaintain confidentiality
test conditions and security of workplace information
as necessary
and test results
3. Check test 3.1. Set up test equipment/instruments in accordance with test
equipment before 6.3 Maintain technical/administrative records and test reports in
method
use accordance with workplace procedures
3.2. Perform pre-use and health safety checks in accordance with
6.4workReports in accordance with workplace procedures
place procedure
3.3. Identify faulty or unsafe equipment/instruments and report to
7.Maintain a safe work 7.1appropriate personnel
Use safe work procedures and personal protective equipment
environment (PPE) to ensure personal safetyofand
3.4. Check calibration status that of others
instruments and report any out-of-
7.2calibration
Minimizeitems to appropriate
generation of wastespersonnel
and environmental impacts of
testing
7.3 Collect and/or dispose of all waste in accordance with
environmental/quarantine requirements and workplace procedures
7.4 Care for and store equipment, used test pieces and back-up
samples in accordance with workplace procedures
Variables Range
Occupational Health May include but not limited
and Safety (OHS)  Provide training before tool use or heavy equipment
operation
 Assess each to identify and minimize dangerous
 Required every worker to wear protection equipment
 Implement practice for safe laboratory area
 Investigate how to reduced fatigue
 Install signs to remained people of the risks and
requirements
 Establish procedure for reporting faulty equipment
 Invest in construction warbles to improve safety
 Remind mind full of weather related hazards
 Establish a strong safety culture
 Other OHS practices relevant to the construction laboratory
Tools and May include but not limited
equipment  Compression
 Cone
 Vibrating table
 Cylindrical mound
 Modular heavy duty table
 Rebound hammer
 Concert mixer
 Tap mater
 Moisture taster
 Shakers sieve
 Sieve brushed and accessories
 Gauging trowel
 Testing machine
 Mound
 Tamping road
 Internet, related books and related materials
 Technical manuals
Job instructions May include but not limited
 Maintain high academic standard by revising curriculum
 Upgrading laboratory equipment periodically
 Implement new teaching strategies
 Incorporating the most recently developed technologies
 Develops students experiment skill
 Ability to work in team and communicate effectively
 Critical Learn from failure
 Responsible for there on results

Hazards May include but not limited:

 Falls and falling object
  Chemical exposer
 Fire hazard
 Electrical hazard
 Repetitive motion injury
Construction May include but not limited
material Cement
Course aggregate
Fine aggregate
Brick
HCB/Hollow concert block
Hydrophone

Personal protective May include but not limited

equipment  Helmet
 Eye protection
 Earplugs and earmuffs
 Face shields
 Surgical face mask
 Gloves
 Body shields

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate skills and knowledge of competence to:
Competence  Solve hazardous injuries.
 Applied OHS
 Selected tolls and equipment
Required Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Know of laboratory tools and equipment
Attitudes
 Applied OHS procedures
 CONFIDENTIALY APPLIED job instructions
 Interpreted test request to confirm samples to be tested, the test
method and equipment involved
 Prevent hazards injury
 Know work sequences for optimum efficiency and/or throughput
of multiple samples
 Accuracy and completeness of accompanying labels and
documentation to ensure traceability
 Organized data for accuracy and completeness
 Know pre-use and health safety checks in accordance with work
place procedure
  Identified faulty or unsafe equipment/instruments and report to
appropriate personnel
 Record all data, observations and any factors that may impact on
the quality of results
 Recognized obvious errors or atypical data and take appropriate
corrective actions

Required Demonstrates skills to:

Skills  Leaded to unexpected data or result
 Determined if obvious procedure or equipment problems
 Performed required calculations and ensure results are consistent
with expected values for the sample type
 Record and report results with the appropriate accuracy, precision
and units
 Interpreted trends in data and/or results and report out of
specification or unexpected results promptly to appropriate
personnel
 Select test equipment and instrument
 Selected storage curing conditions of samples and/or test pieces
were appropriate
 Prepared sample test pieces/material/
 Collected materials sample
 Set up test equipment/instruments in accordance with test method
 Checked calibration status of instruments and report any out-of-
calibration items to appropriate personnel
 Performed each measurement stage of the test method precisely and
in the correct sequence
 Shut down test equipment/instruments in accordance with
workplace procedures.
Resource Access is required to real or appropriately simulated situations,
Implication including work areas, materials and equipment.
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test/
 Demonstration/Observation with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the construction project,
Assessment laboratory or in a simulated work place setting.
Occupational Standard : Structural Construction Work Level V
Unit Title Produce Pre-Cast Concrete Structures and Components
Unit Code EIS SCW5 02 0322
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the required skills, attitudes and knowledge in
producing pre-cast concrete units.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Plan and 1.1 Work instructions, including plans, specifications, quality
prepare for requirements and operational details are obtained,
work confirmed and applied
1.2 Safety requirements are followed in accordance with
safety plans and policies
1.3 Signage/barricade requirements are identified and
implemented
1.4 Plant, tools and equipment selected to carry out tasks
are consistent with the requirements of the job, checked
for serviceability and any faults are rectified or reported
prior to commencement
1.5 Materials appropriate to the work application are
identified, obtained, prepared, safely handled and located
ready for use
1.6 Material quantity requirements are calculated in
accordance with plans and/or specifications
1.7 Environmental protection requirements are identified for
the project in accordance with environmental plans and
regulatory obligations and applied
2. Prepare 2.1 Location of steel reinforcement and formwork is
concreting determined from drawings and reinforcement schedule
works 2.2 Reinforcement is checked against reinforcement
 materials drawings and specifications
2.3 Formwork components/materials are selected consistent
with job
2.4 Fixing/fasteners are selected and used consistent with
requirements of the job
3. Set out for 3.1. String lines are set accurately from existing pegs
concrete work 3.2. Grades are checked to ensure correct fall
3.3. Services are identified and protected to prevent damage
4. Construct and 4.1 Reinforcing fabric and bars are cut and bent as required
install to project drawings and specifications
reinforcement 4.2 Fabric and bars are tied/fixed to configuration from
project drawings and specifications
4.3 Stiffening rods are attached to panels as required to
facilitate handling
4.4 Reinforcement material is located in formwork and
placed on bar chairs/spacers as determined from
drawings, noting clearance from formwork
4.5 Cast-ins are located and secured
5. Erect 5.1 Work area is cleared and surface prepared for safe
formwork erection of formwork
5.2 Formwork is set out to requirements of drawings and
specifications
5.3 Formwork is assembled/erected to specifications
5.4 Debris, sawdust and other waste material are safely
removed from formwork
5.5 Form release agent is applied to manufacturers’
specifications
6. Carry out 6.1 Concrete is transported correctly with wheelbarrow and
concrete work discharged into formwork, using correct manual handling
techniques
6.2 Discharge of concrete from the concrete pump line
and/or chute into the formwork is controlled correctly
6.3 Concrete is placed correctly as per instructions and
screed to specified levels and grades
6.4 Concrete is compacted to specification using immersion
vibrator or other specified method
6.5 Concrete is finished and curing process applied to
 specifications
6.6 Control joints are positioned and installed to specification
and to current standards
6.7 Dowel joints are positioned to specification
6.8 Concrete surface is adequately covered and protected
7. Strip formwork 7.1 Edge boxing and braces are removed carefully, safely
and sequentially
7.2 Timber components are de-nailed, cleaned and stored or
stacked
7.3 Steel components are cleaned, oiled and stored or
stacked
7.4 Damaged formwork components are discarded after
stripping
7.5 Screens are safely cleaned before movement where
applicable
8. Clean up 8.1 Work area is cleared and materials disposed of, reused
or recycled in accordance with
legislation/regulations/codes of practice and job
specification
8.2 Plant, tools and equipment are cleaned, checked,
maintained and stored in accordance with manufacturers’
recommendations and standard work practices
8.3 Appropriate reports are accomplished in accordance with
work procedures and standards

Variables Range
Occupational May include:
Health and Safety  protective clothing and equipment,
(OHS)  use of tools and equipment,
 workplace environment and safety,
 handling of materials,
 use of firefighting equipment,
 organizational first aid,
 hazard control and hazardous materials and substances
Personal protective equipment is to include that prescribed
under legislation, regulation and workplace policies and
practices
Safe operating procedures may include but not limited to:
  conduct of operational risk assessment and treatments
associated with power cables (including overhead
service trays, cables and conduits),
 lighting,
 earth leakage boxes,
 trip hazards,
 working with dangerous materials,
 working in confined spaces,
 surrounding structures,
 restricted access barriers,
 traffic control,
 working at heights,
 working in proximity to others, worksite visitors and the
public
Emergency procedures related to this unit are to include but
may not be limited to:
 emergency shutdown and stopping,
 extinguishing fires,
 organizational first aid requirements and evacuation
Tools and May include but not be limited to:
Equipment  floats, trowels
 edging tools
 screeds
 wheelbarrows
 termite and chutes
 vibrator, rakes
 short handle shovels
 rods
 hammers
 hoses, buckets,
 sponges
 tarpaulins
 curing agent applicator
 kibble, nips, bolt cutters
 reinforcement benders
 mesh guillotine
 steam generator
 shutters and brushes
Materials May include but not be limited to:
 water
 sand, premix concrete
 concrete blend, cement
 formwork components
 curing compounds
 form release agents
 steel reinforcing
 bar chairs
 vapor barriers and membranes

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate Knowledge and Skills of competency to:
Competence  Planned and prepared for concrete work
 Produce pre-cast concrete units
 Constructs and install reinforcements
 Erect formworks
 Carry-out Bar Bending and Concreting
 Strip formworks
 Clean up workplace
Underpinning Ddemonstrate Knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Site and equipment safety requirements
Attitudes  Steel reinforcement characteristics
 Concrete characteristics and properties
 Concreting principles
 Structural technology and Formwork
 Processes for interpreting engineering drawings
 Equipment types, characteristics, technical capabilities
and limitations
 Operational, maintenance and basic diagnostic
procedures
 Site isolation and traffic control responsibilities and
authorities
 Materials Safety Data Sheets and materials handling
methods
 Quality requirements
 General Construction terminology
 Safe work method and practices
 Crane operation
Underpinning demonstrate Skills to:
Skills  Reading and interpreting technical drawings and plans
 Constructing and installing reinforcement materials
 Erecting and stripping formworks
  Carry-out Bar Bending and Concreting
 Applying safety procedures and measures
Resource The following resources must be provided:
Implications  workplace or fully equipped assessment location with
necessary tools and equipment as well as consumable
materials
Methods of Competence may be accessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Demonstration/ Observation with Oral Questioning
Context of Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting
Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V
Unit Title Prepare Specifications for Construction Works
Unit Code EIS SCW5 03 0322
Unit Descriptor This unit of competence specifies the outcomes required to
prepare specifications using standard forms. The preparation of a
clearly understood specification for construction works requires
establishing the level of detail required and identifying all the
inherent contractual obligations.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Determine 1.1. Project brief, working drawings, development approval and

specification other relevant documents are examined to identify the
requirements essential information to be included in the specification
1.2. Standard specifications are examined to determine
suitability for adaptation to the current project.
1.3. Non-standard requirements are developed and where
technical aspects require clarification, advice is sought from
specialists
2. Assess nature 2.1. A site inspection is conducted to establish site layout and
and scope of the preliminary site-work.
work 2.2. Specification includes relevant details at a level necessary to
describe clearly the nature and scope of the work, including
prescriptive and performance requirements
2.3. Research is undertaken to establish appropriate schedules,
using relevant data sources.
2.4. Details are tabulated and cross-referenced to ensure
consistency between the design brief, the working drawings
and the specifications.
2.5. Details in the specification conform to industry codes of
practice, Ethiopian standards and relevant statutory
requirements.
2.6. Information requested from specialists, colleagues and
clients is coordinated and added to the specifications where
required.
3. Prepare 3.1. Specification clearly identifies the contractual obligations
specification and rights of the parties involved.
document 3.2. Specification document is complete, checked thoroughly for
compliance with requirements.
3.3. Specification is presented to the client in the required format
and timeframe

Variables Range
Standard May include:
specifications  specifications
 specifications, which address specific components
requirements level of project.
 Industry Standard specifications
 Preliminary or outline specifications
Prescriptive and May include:
Performance  Prescriptive requirements: detail relating to quality of work,
quality assurance, nominated subcontractors, provision of site
access/facilities.
 Performance requirements: standards of work, work schedules
and milestones
Data sources May include:
 Publications and journals
 Computer data files
 Statutes
 Statistical summaries
 Policy statements
 Media reports
 Local, state or territory, and federal government documents
and registers, standard specification.
Contractual May include:
obligations  type of tender
 insurance requirements
 expected performance levels
 prescriptive requirements
 occupational health and safety issues
Tools and May include:
Equipment  Computers and appropriate software
 Standard manuals
 Stationery materials
 Drawings
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  application and interpretation of relevant documentation and
codes
 application of design principles relating to performance of
structural members
 identification of typical faults and problems and necessary
action taken to rectify
 an ability to conduct a site inspection and identify and record
relevant site details and features
 an understanding of different types of specification and their
uses
 appropriate selection of standard specification documents
 an ability research data sources to determine schedules
 an ability to communicate with clients in order to determine
client requirements
Required Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge  Client requirements
 Document control
 Documentation requirements for specifications
 Enterprise policy relating to specifications
 Industry codes of practice
 Relevant Ethiopian standards
 Relevant legislation including contract law and trade
practices legislation
 Research sources to determine schedules
 Schedule of rates
 Standard specification documents
 Types of specification and their use
 Attributes:
 attention to detail
 teamwork
 client service
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 Determining scope of work and specification requirements
 Preparing specification document
 Presenting specifications to client
 Communication, including contact with specialists
 Document management
 Identification of specification requirements
 Identifying documentation requirements
 Product/service analysis
 Read, interpret and understand a range of documents
 including drawings, plans, regulations and codes of practice
 Research and investigation
Resources  documents including working drawings and other supporting
documentation where available
 research data sources, including manufacturers'/ product
information, current industry practice and samples
 relevant industry codes of practice, regulations/legislation
 client file for information and review
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting
Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V
Unit Title Administer Legal Obligations of Construction Contract
Unit Code EIS SCW5 04 0322
Unit Descriptor This unit specifies the competence required to administer the
legal obligations of a construction contract. It is concerned with
licensing and/or builders' registration and other legislative
matters as appropriate and administering the systems through
which the obligations of complying with legislation are fulfilled.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Comply with 1.1 Business registration of the organization is secured in

the laws accordance with owner/operator preferences and legal
relating to requirements.
establishing 1.2 Approval of the licensing and/or registration as a
and licensing a contractor/supervisor is sought from the appropriate
construction government agency.
contractor
1.3 operating a construction business in accordance with
legislation complied with by the contractor.
1.4 Legal documents and records are kept and carefully
maintained.
2. Engage 2.1 Relevant industrial awards are identified for the hiring of
personnel for staff or labor.
the project 2.2 Contracts of employment are determined on a case-to-case
basis and the principles and legalities of workplace
agreements are implemented.
2.3 Equal opportunity principles are applied in all aspects of
employment and selection.
2.4 Procedures for employment termination and redundancy
are explained and followed.
2.5 Dispute resolution processes are established, documented
and implemented where necessary.
3. Administer the 3.2 OHS and Safety Act provisions are identified and complied
regulations with, on and off the site.
relating to 3.3 OHS Authority is contacted to determine the necessary
OHS, safety, approvals or permits prior to work commencement.
workers
compensation, 3.4 Provisions of the Workers Compensation Act are complied
noise with and the rights and responsibilities of workers are
abatement and observed to ensure a safe workplace.
 working hours 3.5 Government laws and regulations including those relating
to noise abatement and working hours are adhered to.
4. Implement 4.1 Rehabilitation arrangements for employees returning
rehabilitation from injury or illness are facilitated and implemented.
arrangements 4.2 Workers returning to work after injury or illness are assisted
to regain full employment status as soon as practicable.
5. Police with 5.1 Taxation payments policies are identified to provide
taxation and appropriate project work
insurance 5.2 Insurance policies are identified to provide appropriate
requirements cover for personnel, property and the project works.
of government
5.3 Mandatory superannuation provisions are made for
employees.
6. Administer all 6.1 Fair trading practice responsibilities are maintained
obligations and effectively and efficiently.
observe fair 6.2 Best interests of clients are promoted and undertaken
trading practice conscientiously in accordance with the agreed contract.
7. Comply with 7.1 Use of renewable materials is preferred over non-
environmental renewable materials.
legislation and 7.2 Low energy materials are used in preference to high energy
its intent materials, where practical.
7.3 Processes to ensure compliance with environmental
protection legislation are implemented.

Variables Range
Licensing May include, but not limited to:
 Home Building Contracts Act Ethiopia
 Home Building Act and Regulations
 Construction Codes of Ethiopia
Laws and Federal laws such as:
regulations  Occupational Health and Safety regulation of Ethiopia
 Workplace Injury Management and Compensation in Ethiopia
 Workers Compensation and Rehabilitation in Ethiopia
Rehabilitation May include, but not limited to:
arrangements  light duties
 normal duties under shorter working hours
 suitable alternative duties
 cooperation with rehabilitation agencies
Taxation and May include, but not limited to:
insurance  Insurance Contracts Act of Ethiopia
requirements  Income tax Assessment Act of Ethiopia
 Goods and Services Tax Act of Ethiopia
  Stamp duty
 Payroll tax
 Workers’ compensation
 Appropriate business and project insurances

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  conforming to the legal and financial obligations of the
organization
 establishing and maintaining good human relations within the
contractual arrangements with employees, sub-contractors
and other stakeholders
 managing organizational taxation and insurance obligations
successfully
 effectively advising appropriate authorities and gaining the
necessary approvals or responses
 promoting and working in the best interest of clients
Required Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  awards and agreements applying to employees and
Attitudes subcontractors
 OHS and rehabilitation requirements
 legislative requirements including taxation and insurance
requirements, Fair Trading legislation and environmental
legislation
 licensing and builders' registration requirements
 local authority regulations
 relevant licensing arrangements applicable
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 attention to detail to manage compliance with a variety of legal
obligations and
 administer various awards and agreements
 managerial skills to effectively manage personnel
 negotiation and communication skills to enable successful
resolution of business and
 human resource disputes
Resource The following resources should be made available:
Implications  suitable work area appropriate to the process / tasks
 documents relevant to the tasks of assessment
 equipment appropriates to producing construction drawings
 realistic activities covering the mandatory task requirements
 specifications and work instructions
Method of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Oral questioning / Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration
Context of  Competence must be demonstrated over a period of time
Assessment reflecting the scope of the role and the practical requirements
of the workplace
 Assessment can be through simulated project-based activity
and must include evidence relating to each of the elements in
this unit
 In cases where practical assessment is used it will be
combined with targeted questioning to assess the
underpinning knowledge

Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V

Unit Title Prepare Bid /Tender Development for Construction Projects
Unit Code EIS SCW5 05 0322
Unit Descriptor This unit specifies the outcomes required to manage bid/tender
documents developments for major projects. It covers the
facilitation, implementation and management of the bid/tender
document development system in a construction organization
involved in residential and/or commercial projects. It supports
the production of bids/tenders which are based on sound
economic, business and human and physical resource data in
accordance with the necessary organizational guidelines.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Evaluate 1.1 Invitation to tender and instruction to bidders is reviewed
contract risk and analyzed.
1.2 Contract documents pertinent to the project are obtained
and examined in detail.
1.3 Conditions of contract are examined and confirmed in
accordance with legislative and organizational
requirements.
1.4 Organization’s current work load is verified to determine the
capacity to meet contract timelines.
1.5 Risk analysis is conducted and the degree of risk in the
project is investigated and established.
1.6 Management team is consulted in relation to likely
construction approach and resources.
1.7 Client is advised of the intention or otherwise to submit a
tender response.
2. Manage 2.1 Staffs are allocated to the bid/tender preparation process.
bid/tender
process 2.2 Contact made by staff with subcontractors and suppliers to
obtain quotations for services or physical resources is
supervised.
2.3 Development of the pre-tender construction or project
schedule is managed and supervised.
2.4 Preliminary site investigation is undertaken.
3. Manage 3.1 Determining current equipment and materials charge-out
development rates is monitored.
of human and
physical costs 3.2 Establishment of labor rates for elements of work is
monitored and managed.
3.3 Project elements are analyzed to ensure they conform to
organizational contracting processes.
3.4 Rates to be applied to elements of the work are arbitrated
 on, to ensure these are compared to relevant existing
records of costs.
3.5 Staffs are supervised to ensure appropriate rates are
applied to the bill of quantities.
3.6 Extensions of costs are reviewed and monitored to ensure
their accurate translation into the estimate summary.
3.7 Staffs are monitored as they calculate and extend values
for preliminaries and overheads.
3.8 Staffs are monitored to ensure they are calculating and
including all supplementary costs.
4. Prepare 4.1 Conditions of contract are reviewed and assessed to
complete ensure there are no discrepancy to the tender.
bid/tender
documentation 4.2 Subcontractor quotes are reviewed and assessed to ensure
and operating there are no discrepancy to the bid/ tender.
margins 4.3 Availability of plant and equipment is checked and
confirmed.
4.4 Delivery schedules are confirmed and materials suppliers
are followed up.
5. Evaluate bid 5.1 Staff preparation of the schedules which detail the
documentation sequence of work is supervised and managed.
prior to
submission 5.2 Progress of the bid document development is monitored for
timeliness and accuracy.
5.3 Documentation is reviewed to ensure the bid document is
finalized in standard industry format for the client.
5.4 Final bid documentation is appraised for completeness
and allocation of critical rates and allowances prior to its
submission.

Variable Range
Conditions of May include, but not limited to:
contract  parties' obligations under contracts
 general conditions of contract
 contract clauses and intentions
 liabilities
 dispute resolution
 legislative and regulatory requirements
Risk analysis May include, but not limited to:
 critical incident analysis and reporting
 risk management practices
 scheduling and planning for contingencies
  analysis and revision of data
 proposing solutions and recovery scenarios
Development of May include, but not limited to:
human and  establishing methods for calculation of standards times
physical resource  management of material costs and information concerning
costs availability
 evaluation of work practices and industrial relations
arrangements
 development of subcontracting and organizational contracting
arrangements
 developing and introducing costing methods and systems
Human resource May include, but not limited to:
processes  establishing personnel review and evaluation processes
 selection and training of personnel to deal with the tender
function
 performance appraisal
 management of work practices and staff discipline
 maintaining accuracy and legitimacy of the tender process
 legislative and regulatory requirements
Site investigation May include but not limited to:
 geographical features
 man power availability
 Resource availability
 utilities
 water
 electricity
 communication access
Bid May include, but not limited to:
documentation  legal requirement
 guarantees
 past experience
 Financial records
 priced bill of quantity
 machineries ownership or lease document
 head and sub contracts
 pre-contract documentation
 form of tender
 tendering codes of practice and standards
 drawings and specifications

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Must demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  the development of tenders which comprehensively address
the requirements of the project
 management practices which result in a high level of strategic
input and accuracy
 effective management of data acquisition from inside and
outside the organization
 conceptual and strategic problem solving and organization of
resources
 the extent of effective verbal and written communication
processes with owners, senior management, and employees
 compliance with legislative and regulatory requirements,
standards and codes of practice
Required Demonstrates knowledge of:
Knowledge and  appropriate sector of the construction industry and the nature
Attitude of the contracts upon which its activities are based
 factors to be considered in assessing the risk inherent in
different types of construction projects
 financial and business administration principles
commensurate with the needs of the organization
 human resource practices and the industry's industrial
relations climate and practices
 relevant government construction codes, standards and
regulations
 socio-economic and political factors which determine the
climate in that sector of the construction industry
Required Skills Demonstrates skills to:
 conceptualizing and envisaging unique solutions to complex
problems and situations
 delegating tasks within specific functional guidelines
 directing the activities of personnel involved in the tender
development process
 facilitating the implementation of new and more appropriate
information systems
 interpreting strategic and often ambiguous information and
reaching logical and practical decisions
 monitoring and overseeing the performance of systems and
individuals involved in the process
 technological skills to facilitate use of the organization’s
software and office equipment
Resource The following resources should be provided:
Implications  access to relevant workplace or appropriately simulated
environment and materials relevant to the activity/ task
 a suitable work area appropriate to the tendering process
Methods of Competence may be accessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Written Test
 Observation / Demonstration with oral questioning
  Assessment can be through simulated project-based activity
and must include evidence relating to each of the elements in
this unit
Context for Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V

Unit Title Supervise Selection of Construction Materials
Unit Code EIS SCW5 06 0322
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the required skills, attitudes and knowledge
required to supervise the systems through which materials are
selected, acquired and stored on site for construction work up to
and including medium-rise projects. It ensures the delivery to the
site of materials which meet contract specifications and service
requirements for commercial projects.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Identify and 1.1 Suitability of materials commonly used in the region is
describe the identified for a given construction system.
properties of 1.2 Properties of materials, their standards of quality and the
construction compatibility and non-compatibility of different materials are
materials identified.
1.3 Environmental impacts of different materials are identified.
1.4 Impact of allowable tolerances on the conversion of
naturally occurring materials is identified.
1.5 Tolerances for installing and assembling materials are
identified and checked in regard to the nature of the work
being performed and the requirements of the Ethiopian
standards(EBCS)
2. Ensure suitable 2.1 Selection of construction materials is conducted with
construction reference to structural requirements, suitability and ease of
materials for applicability (workability) for the construction system
application specified in the contract.
2.2 Materials are selected for their safety, required fire
resistance rating, serviceability, cost effectiveness and
aesthetic value (appearance).
2.3 Short and long-term degradation of materials is considered
in relation to the proposed life cycle of the construction.
2.4 Alternative materials are selected if specified materials are
unavailable or unsuitable.
3. Supervise the 3.1 Organizational procedures for the acceptance,
acceptance, transportation, safe handling and storage of materials
safe handling on site are identified and communicated.
and storage of 3.2 Limitations and effects of transportation on materials and
materials on components are determined and action is taken in the case
site of potentially damaging circumstances.
3.3 Materials are handled correctly and safely on site using
appropriate equipment and safe working practices.
3.4 Materials are stored in accordance with manufacturer
specifications and in compliance with the relevant Ethiopian
standards.
3.5 Systems are implemented for inspecting all materials
delivered on-site for naturally occurring and/or
manufactured defects before installation.
3.6 Personnel are aware of actions to be taken in the case of
defects caused by incorrect installation, application or
placement.
 3.7 Timber is preserved and ferrous and non-ferrous metals
which are used in the construction process are protected
using established methods.
4. Supervise 4.1 Testing of materials, including soil, filling, compacting,
testing of surfacing, concreting and welding, is carried out to
materials on specifications and results are analyzed on-site before and
site for during installation.
suitability and 4.2 Types of tests are identified according to requirement of the
fitness for work
purpose
4.3 Samples of materials taken during placement or installation
are accurately identified and sent for laboratory testing.
4.4 Materials are given visual checks for suitability before
construction in, with materials sent off-site for testing if
required.
4.5 Processes to ensure defective materials are identified and
remedial action is recorded.
5. Establish 5.1 Records of tests and testing procedures are established
records of and maintained by the organization in accordance with its
materials quality management obligations.
testing and 5.2 Test results and reports are periodically evaluated to
report on maintain integrity of organizational quality standards.
testing process
conformance 5.3 Non-conformant on-site materials tests are immediately
notified to the appropriate company officer for further
action.

Variables Range
Materials May include, but are not limited to:
 timber and timber structures
 brick or concrete structures, including:
 cavity brick
 core filled concrete blocks
 single skin clay block
 tilt-up concrete panels
 floor systems, including:
 brick bases
 bearers and joists
 platform floor construction
 fitted (cut-in) floors
 engineered floor Joists
 sheet flooring
 tongue and groove flooring
  compressed sheet wet area flooring
 concrete slab floors, including slabs on ground and
 suspended slabs
 cladding, including:
 weatherboards
 brick veneer
 fiber cement or compressed wood paneling
 stuccoed stud walls
 colourbond/zincalume sheeting
Selection of May include, but are not limited to:
construction  identifying materials from specifications and drawings
materials  identifying specifications and standards described in the
contract documents
 selecting and ordering materials which meet those
requirements
 arranging for expert advice as necessary to confirm or refute
materials options
Acceptance, safe May include, but are not limited to:
handling and  ensuring the correct materials are being delivered to the
storage of correct site
materials on site  undertaking quality checks within the competence of the
individual
 confirming products or materials are as ordered and signing
off delivery documentation
 allocation of space for on-site storage of materials
 ensuring safe unloading and handling of construction
materials
 providing for adequate on-site security of materials
Testing of May include, but are not limited to:
materials  obtaining appropriate records and reports for review and
analysis
 distributing copies in accordance with organizational policy
 proving advice and information to regulatory authorities as
authorized by the organization
 following up reports that indicate departures from quality or
manufacturing requirements
 taking appropriate remedial action within the scope of the
individual's authority
Occupational May include, but are not limited to:
Health and Safety  protective clothing and equipment
(OHS)  use of tools and equipment
 workplace environment and safety
 handling of materials, use of firefighting equipment
 organizational first aid
 hazard control and hazardous materials and substances
 personal protective equipment
  safe operating procedures

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  identified construction materials specified in the project or
contract documentation
 used effective verbal and written communication with
manufacturers and suppliers of materials
 ensured effective and efficient testing of the materials to
maintain quality standards onsite
 ensured effective sampling and record keeping processes
 ensured safe handling and storage of materials
 ensured compliance with organizational and legislative
requirements
Required Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  alternative materials
Attitudes  construction materials and technologies
 construction/contracting equipment and its use
 the construction supply processes
 environmental effects on various construction materials and
testing procedures
 relevant licensing arrangements applicable
 relevant government construction codes, standards and
regulations
 testing procedures
 workplace safety requirements
 material handling and storage
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 materials testing skills to enable materials to be tested
according to the relevant Ethiopian standards or the ability to
arrange for testing to be carried out independently
 reporting skills to report on difficulties with either supply or
standards of materials
 supervisory skills to ensure the correct selection and
installation of materials on site and
 secure storage of materials onsite
 systems development skills to ensure systems are developed
which ensure correct
 materials, meeting appropriate standards are delivered and
used on site
Resource The following resources must be provided:
Implications  workplace or fully equipped assessment area with necessary
tools and equipment as well as consumable materials
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Oral questioning / Written Test
  Observation/Demonstration with oral questioning
Context of  competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting
 assessment can be through simulated project-based activity
and must include evidence relating to each of the elements in
this unit

Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V

Unit Title Manage Human resource and Equipment Performance
Unit Code EIS SCW5 07 0322
Unit Descriptor This competency unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitude to
develop key result areas and key performance indicators and
standards, coupled with regular and timely coaching and
feedback, provide the basis for performance management of an
employees and equipment.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Allocate work 1.1 Relevant groups and individuals are consulted on work to be
allocated and resources to be deployed
1.2 Ensure work is allocated in accordance with operational
plans
1.3 Ensure allocation of work is cost effective and appropriate
 in terms of the use of internal/external labor
1.4 Performance standards, code of conduct and work
outputs and processes are confirmed prior to
commencement
1.5 Performance indicators are developed for key result
areas and agreed prior to commencement of work
1.6 Ensure supply chain of resources to work teams
established and operating effectively.
1.7 Risk analyses are undertaken in accordance with the
organizational risk management plan and legal
requirements
2. Assess 2.1 Performance management and review processes are
performance designed to be consistent with organizational objectives
and policies
2.2 Participants in the performance management and review
process are trained
2.3 Performance management processes are implemented in
accordance with planning and timelines
2.4 Coordination of people, resources and equipment are
assessed for provision of optimum results
2.5 Relevant performance reports are analyzed in details and
appropriate action undertaken to respond to performance
data
2.6 Performance is monitored and evaluated on a continuous
basis
3. Provide 3.2 Informal feedback is given in a regular, timely manner
feedback 3.3 Poor performance is identified promptly and brought to the
attention of the appropriate person
3.4 On-the-job coaching is provided when necessary, both to
improve performance and confirm excellence in
performance
3.5 Documentation of performance is in accordance with
performance management system
3.6 Formal structured feedback sessions occur as necessary
and in accordance with organizational policy
4. Manage 4.1 Performance improvement and development plans are
follow-up developed in accordance with organizational policies and
with assistance from human resource specialists where
appropriate
 4.2 Excellence in performance is reinforced through
recognition and continuous feedback
4.3 Individuals not meeting expectations are provided with the
necessary coaching and re-training and monitored closely
Support services are provided to meet individual needs and
circumstances
4.4 Individuals who continue to perform below expectations are
counseled and, where necessary, placed within the
disciplinary process
4.5 Terminations occur where serious misconduct or on-going
under-performance occurs
4.6 Terminations are in accordance with organizational and
legal requirements
4.7 Appropriate action to bring equipment performance to
desired level is ensured to be undertaken
4.8 Performance feedback systems are evaluated regularly and
revised as necessary
4.9 Selection, induction and training systems are evaluated
regularly and improved

Variable Range
Key result areas May include, but not limited to:
 Those areas of project performance which are critical to the
overall success of the business (or section of a projects)
Performance May include, but not limited to:
standards  The level of performance sought of an individual or group
which may be expressed either quantitatively or qualitatively
Code of Conduct May include, but not limited to:
An agreed (or decreed) set or rules relating to employee
behavior/conduct with other employees or customers
Key performance May include, but not limited to:
indicators  Those measures developed to gauge performance outcomes
against targets
Supply chain May include, but not limited to:
Network of people transforms into work services and then
finished products, and delivers them through a distribution
system. It spans work distribution; views them not as discrete
elements but interlinked.
Risk analysis May include, but not limited to:
 a determination of the likelihood of a negative event
preventing the organization meeting its objectives and the
likely consequences of such an event on organizational
 performance
Performance May include, but not limited to:
management  a process or set of processes for establishing a shared
understanding of what an individual or group is to achieve,
and managing and developing individuals in a way which
increases the probability it will be achieved in both the short
and longer term in accordance with relevant industrial
agreements
Performance May include, but not limited to:
reports  individual or team performance
 equipment performance
 condition monitoring results
 underperformance
 misuse / overuse
Excellence in May include, but not limited to:
performance  regularly and consistently exceeding the performance targets
established whilst meeting the organization’s performance
standards
Relevant groups May include, but not limited to:
and individuals  employees, employee representatives, employer
representatives, line managers and human resource
personnel

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  Direct evidence of the performance management processes
being undertaken is essential in the assessment of this unit,
including the linking of performance indictors to the allocation
of work and assessment of performance against performance
standards
 There must be evidence of a systematic value chain analysis
of all of the support activities of the business and the
outcomes of that analysis being translated into action
 Evidence of risk management and evaluation of performance
leading to effective remediation also needs to be present
 Workplace coaching (informal feedback) coupled with formal
performance feedback, resulting in performance improvement
Required Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  Relevant legislation from all levels of government that affects
Attitudes business operation, especially in regard to Occupational
Health and Safety and environmental issues, equal
opportunity, industrial relations and anti-discrimination
 Relevant awards and certified agreements
 Performance measurement systems utilized within the
organization
  Key result areas of the organization
 Human resource specialist assistance available
 Organizational plans and objectives (strategic, tactical and
operational)
 Human resource planning
 All legislation relevant to the organization which impacts on
people performance (including anti-discrimination laws)
 Organizational support services for employees (external and
internal)
 Electronic commerce systems
 Critical path/PERT methodology
 High reliability organizational concepts
 Energy management
 Capital investment evaluative methodology including NPV and
ROI
 Unfair dismissal rules and due process
 Staff development strategies
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 Analytical and evaluative skills to assess supply chain
performance
 Performance measurement skills to develop and manage key
performance indicators
 Planning and coordination skills to ensure the people
resources and equipment work in a functional manner to
achieve optimum results
 Communication/consultation skills to ensure all relevant
groups and individuals are advised of what is occurring and
are provided with an opportunity for input
 Performance management skills to ensure objectives,
outcomes and outputs are delivered on time, within budget,
and incident free
 Systems analysis and design skills to ensure that system
measure performance in a timely way
 Coaching and training skills to remediate any under-
performance present in the work group or individuals
 Ability to relate to people from a range of social, cultural and
ethnic backgrounds and physical and mental abilities
Resource The following resources must be provided:
Implications  workplace or fully equipped assessment location with necessary
tools and equipment as well as consumable materials
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Oral questioning / Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with oral questioning
Context of Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated
Assessment work place setting
Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V
Unit Title Supervise Planning of On-site Construction Works
Unit Code EIS SCW5 08 0322
Unit Descriptor This unit deals with the skills, attitudes and knowledge required in
supervising the planning process and the organization of on-site
construction work projects including medium-rise commercial and
wide span projects according to Ethiopian construction codes of
standard.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Appraise the 1.1 Copies of construction approvals and conditions relating to
contractual the medium-rise construction project are obtained.
documentation 1.2 Contracts are reviewed to determine any unusual aspects
and delegate of construction, use of materials or penalty provisions, time
the planning of extension, design revision, price escalation, addition/
operational omission part of the work.
requirements
1.3 Possible design and practical problems are identified and
 brought to the attention of the project consultants
1.4 Possible solutions/remedial measures obtained by the
consultant for the problems raised will be reported to the
implementer.
1.5 Availability of subcontractors and their suitability to meet job
requirements specific to medium-rise projects is reviewed.
1.6 Availability of materials and conditions of purchase and
authorized purchases is reviewed based on rules and
regulation of the organization.
1.7 Access to the site is established within requirements and on-
site accommodation is situated in an appropriate location.
1.8 Contact is established and maintained with relevant statutory
authorities controlling construction work.
2. Initiate 2.1 Resources supply system for controlling and recording
strategies and materials entering and leaving the site is instituted and
delegate the maintained.
implementatio 2.2 Procedures for recording and paying for the hire of plant
n of medium- equipment and authorizing payment are managed.
rise
construction 2.3 Establishment of OHS and rehabilitation procedures
operations including hazard and risk management is undertaken.
2.4 Procedures for the removal of existing services and
hazardous materials are planned and implemented in
accordance with regulatory requirements.
2.5 Procedures required for the control of multiple projects are
established.
2.6 Requirements of relevant building/construction code of
Ethiopia and other related codes that are practice and
accepted in Ethiopia deemed-to satisfy provisions are
determined and ensured to be implemented.
3. Supervise the 3.1 Construction schedules (financial, equipment, man power,
preparation of and time) is arranged as per operational executed
project 3.2 Construction operations are planned and executed in
schedules sequence according to the plan design of the project.
3.3 Entering of operations data into an appropriate scheduling
system for analysis is managed.
3.4 Project's 'critical path' is established and the revision of the
project schedule is managed with new projects
incorporated and documented as required.
3.5 Strategies for avoiding and overcoming project delays are
 developed
3.6 Management is advised of the cost benefits and implications
of providing overtime payments
4. Ensure the 4.1 Adjustments to the project timeframe to take account of
provision of all anticipated delays are facilitated.
the resources 4.2 Temporary services and site accommodation needs are
required for identified and arranged as required.
the project
4.3 Plant requirements, site location and installation dates are
confirmed.
4.4 On-site personnel and labor requirements are determined
and documented.
5. Review 5.1 Condition of existing structures to be retained and structures
existing onsite on adjacent site boundaries is reviewed and recorded.
structures 5.2 Influence of the new construction that could be used on the
structural stability of the existing structure will be
investigated
5.3 Possible solutions will be developed from the investigation
analyzed
5.4 Copies of reports are submitted to adjacent structure owners
prior to commencing construction work.
6. Supervise 6.1 An overview of the project site or sites is maintained and
staff and staff resources are allocated according to organizational,
maintain an regulatory and project needs.
effective work 6.2 Activities of contract planning personnel are monitored and
environment an effective work environment is maintained.
6.3 Effective human resource practices and policies which
maximize performance and productivity are employed.

Variable Range
Contracts May include, but not limited to:
 Individual organizational contracts
 Ethiopian standard contracts
Resources May include, but not limited to:
 temporary accommodation
 on-site facilities
 raw materials
 plant and equipment
 pre-cut or pre-cast components
 human resources (both organizational and subcontract)
 power, water, telephone and other resources
Occupational May include, but not limited to:
Health and Safety  protective clothing and equipment
(OHS)  use of tools and equipment
 workplace environment and safety
 handling of materials, use of firefighting equipment
 organizational first aid
 hazard control and hazardous materials and substances
 personal protective equipment
 safe operating procedures

Project schedule May include, but not limited to:

 labor supply and availability information
 materials supply and availability information
 critical events and milestones
 subcontractor requirements and availability
 plant and equipment availability information
 services provision
Temporary May include, but not limited to:
services  power poles
 offices and crib rooms
 toilets
 portable generators and lighting
 on-site communications

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  effective translation of contract requirements into construction
plans and processes
 appropriate delegation of planning tasks
 appropriate construction planning processes which effect the
desired outcomes
 development of strategies which effectively maximize resource
utilizations
 establishment and maintenance of a workplace environment
which is representative of good management practice
Required Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  construction industry contracts
Attitudes  construction industry subcontracting system
 construction practices in on- and off-site management
 relevant construction planning process and practices
 contract documentation, quantities establishment, rates and
costs related to payments and claims
 human resource principles and practices
 relevant licensing arrangements applicable
  relevant government construction codes, standards, laws and
regulations
 workplace safety requirements
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 Interpreting contractual and planning requirements
 Developing strategies for utilizing human and physical
resources
 Evaluation skills to review and evaluate documentation and
processes and recommend changes or improvements
 Management skills, including the ability to delegate tasks and
supervise staff to achieve planning outcomes
 Planning skills to enable the effective planning of projects,
processes and strategies which maximize the efficiency and
cost effectiveness of construction contracts and which
effectively organize and utilize available resources on
construction sites
 Written and verbal communication skills to enable effective
communications with individuals inside and external to the
organization
Resource Resource implications for assessment include:
Implications  documentation that should normally be available in either a
construction office
 relevant codes, standards, regulations
 office equipment, including calculators, photocopiers and
telephone systems
 computers with appropriate software to view drawings, run
costing programs and print copies
 a technical reference library with current publications on
measurement, design, Construction and manufacturers'
product literature
 suitable work area appropriate to the process
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Oral questioning / Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration
Context of  where assessment is for the purpose of recognition, the
Assessment evidence provided will need to be authenticated and show that
it represents competence demonstrated over a period of time
 assessment can be through simulated project-based activity
and must include evidence relating to each of the elements in
this unit
 in cases where practical assessment is used it will be
combined with targeted questioning to assess the underpinning
knowledge
Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V
Unit Title Monitor Costing System of Construction Project
Unit Code EIS SCW5 09 0322
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the required skills, attitudes and knowledge to
monitor construction costing systems. This includes maintenance
of cost control, the production of expenditure schedules and other
arrangements which ensure contracts or projects to remain on
budget.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Supervise the identification 1.1 Staff members are supervised in their
and classification of project identification of construction costs and
costs accurate estimates made from project
schedules.
1.2 Definitive cost estimates are accurately
translated into the correct cost centers
appropriate to contract requirements.
1.3 Cost centers are correctly identified and
incorporated into a planned project cost
network.
1.4 Risk assessment is undertaken and estimated
cost is compared with estimated risk.
1.5 All planning ensures there is compliance with
relevant codes of practice, standards and
legislative requirements.
2. Manage the preparation of 2.1 Draft schedules of project expenditure are
schedule of project prepared with critical points identified.
expenditure 2.2 Expenditure schedules are prepared using
 organizational processes and hardcopies
produced.
2.3 Critical financial phases of the project are
identified and cash flows are matched to
expenditure.
3. Manage the preparation of 2.4 Draft schedules of project expenditure are
schedule of project prepared with critical points identified.
expenditure 2.5 Expenditure schedules are prepared using
organizational processes and hardcopies
produced.
2.6 Critical financial phases of the project are
identified and cash flows are matched to
expenditure.
4. Prepare curves showing 3.1 Interim payment claims and rise and fall
projected cash flow and calculations are prepared for the contractor and
payments subcontractors.
3.2 Projected 'S' curve is prepared to show cash
flow and resource control.
3.3 Cash flows using 'time risk' and 'cost risk' are
prepared and compared.
3.4 Cash flows using 'early start' and 'late finish'
for pessimistic or optimistic outcomes are
compared.
3.5 Pessimistic overdraft requirements are
calculated.
5. Maintain continuous checks 4.1 Cash flow and creditor payments are monitored
on expenditure and daily.
evaluate outcomes 4.2 Budget cost on the network is compared to
actual costs in the tender calculations.
4.3 Rise and fall clause calculations are
undertaken and variations are advised to the
financial controller.
4.4 Reasons for any cost variations are analyzed
and identified.
4.5 Remedial action is taken and recorded as
necessary to retain contract financial
compliance.
6. Prepare final cost report 5.1 Actual costs are compared with estimates at
the completion of the job and a report is
compiled detailing future actions.
5.2 Organizational rates are adjusted as required,
based on the final cost report and current
movements in prices and rates.

Variables Range
Identification and May include, but not limited to:
classification of  all human resource costs, including direct employees' and
project subcontractors' rates
costs  overhead costs, including administration support, power,
lighting, accommodation and rent
 plant and equipment purchase/lease and operating costs
 materials such as sand, aggregate, bitumen, concrete, bricks,
roofing and reinforcing
 temporary accommodation and shelter, including sheds, site
offices and toilets
 site services such as temporary power, lighting and water
 specialist services such as surveying, architectural, testing and
legal
 relevant codes, standards and legislation
Schedules of May include, but not limited to:
project  labor costs against estimated costs
expenditure  materials purchases
 consumables such as fuel and lubricants, electric power
 and water
 supplies such as timber and construction materials
 costs of precast and on-site production of concrete components
Projected cash May include, but not limited to:
flow and  progress payments in for work completed
payments  progress payments out for work undertaken
 progress payments for supplies and materials
 penalties
 wages and salaries
 insurances, including workers' compensation premiums
Final cost report May include, but not limited to:
 detailed summaries of actual costs against estimates
 details of cost over-runs and savings on labor and contracting
out
 cost/benefit analyses of overtime payments
 details of savings or under-expenditure on materials or supplies
 equipment performance information and efficiencies

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
of Competence  monitored and supervised staff who develop and consolidate
costing data for class 2-9 Type A construction projects
 extent and effectiveness of the comparison of actual versus
estimated costs and the production of schedules of expenditure
 ensured efficient and punctual production of financial data in the
form required by the organization
 ensured planning and continuous revision of the schedules of
 payments and cash flows to match contract performance and
efficiency
Required Demonstrate knowledge of :
Knowledge and  estimating and costing systems used in the construction
Attitudes industry
 expenditure evaluation methods
 financial principles and cash flows
 project financial processes and timelines
 relevant licensing arrangements applicable
 relevant standards, codes of practice and legislation
 variations in rates occurring through 'rise and fall' clauses and
their effects
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 account keeping skills to identify cost centers and monitor cash
flows
 analysis and interpretation skills to undertake financial risk
assessments
 management skills, including the ability to supervise staff
 numerical skills, including the ability to perform complex
financial calculations
 preparation of schedules of expenditure and expenditure
projections
Resource The following resources must be provided:
Implications  workplace or fully equipped assessment area with necessary
tools and equipment as well as consumable materials
 a suitable work area appropriate to the monitoring process
 documentation that would support construction costing systems
for a construction office
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Oral questioning / Written Test
 Observation/Demonstration with oral questioning
 Assessment can be through simulated project-based activity
and must include evidence relating to each of the elements
Context of  Competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting
 This unit of competence could be assessed by the effective
monitoring of a construction costing system.
Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V
Unit Title Manage Budgets and Financial Plan Within the Project
Unit Code EIS SCW5 10 0322
Unit Descriptor This unit deals with the skills, attitudes and knowledge required in
financial management of the project. This includes planned and
implemented financial management approaches, supporting
project team members whose role involves aspects of financial
operations, monitoring and controlling finances, and reviewing
and evaluating effectiveness of financial management processes
in line with the financial objectives of the organization.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Plan financial 1.1 Budget/financial plans for the project are accessed
management 1.2 Budget/financial planed are clarified with relevant
approaches personnel within the organization to ensure that
documented outcomes are achievable, accurate and
comprehensible
1.3 Any changes required to be made to budget/financial plans
are negotiated with relevant personnel within the
organization.
1.4 Contingency plans are prepared in the event that initial
plans need to be varied
2. Implement 2.1 Relevant details of the agreed budget/financial plans are
financial distributed to team members
management 2.2 Support is provided to ensure that team members can
approaches knowledgeably perform required roles associated with
management of finances.
2.3 Resources and systems to manage financial management
processes within the work team are determined and
accessed
3. Monitor and 3.2 Processes for reporting of expenditure, income, assets,
 control stock, consumables, equipment and wastage are
finances implemented across the work teams to monitored actual
expenditure and to control costs
3.3 Expenditure and costs are monitored on an agreed cyclical
basis to identify cost variations and expenditure overruns
3.4 Contingency plans are implemented, monitored and
modified as required to maintain financial objectives
4. Review and 4.1 Data and information on the effectiveness of financial
evaluate management processes within the work team are collected
financial and collated for analysis
management 4.2 Data and information on the effectiveness of financial
processes management processes within the work team are analyzed
and any improvements to existing processes identified,
documented and recommended
4.3 Agreed improvements are implemented and monitored in
line with financial objectives of the work team and the
organization

Variables Range
Budget/financial May include, but not limited to:
plans:  long-term budgets/plans
 short-term budgets/plans
 operational plans
 spreadsheet-based financial projections
 cash flow projections
 targets or key performance indicators for production,
productivity, wastage, sales, income and expenditure
Relevant May include, but not limited to:
personnel  supervisors, fellow frontline managers
 financial managers, accountants or financial controllers
Contingency May include, but not limited to:
plans  rental, hire purchase or alternative means of procurement of
required materials, equipment and stock
 contracting out or outsourcing human resource and other
functions or tasks
 restructuring of organization to reduce labour costs
 strategies for reducing costs, wastage, stock or consumables
 diversification of outcomes
 recycling and re-use
 finding cheaper or lower quality raw materials and
consumables
 seeking further funding
  increasing sales or production
 risk identification, assessment and management processes
 succession planning
Support May include, but not limited to:
 documentation of procedures
 intranet-based information
 training including, mentoring, coaching and shadowing
 help desk or identified experts within the organization
 information briefings or sessions
 access to specialist advice
Required roles May include, but not limited to:
 maintaining petty cash system
 purchasing and procurement
 invoicing clients, customers and consumers
 debt collection
 wages and salaries payments and record keeping
 banking
 maintaining journals, ledgers and other record keeping
systems
 arranging for use of corporate credit cards
 ensuring security, accuracy and currency of financial
operations
Resources and May include, but not limited to:
systems  hardware and software
 human, physical or financial resources
 specialist advice or support
 record keeping systems (electronic and paper-based)
Processes for May include, but not limited to:
reporting  petty cash records
 logs
 ledgers and journals
 spreadsheet-based records
 invoices and receipts
 bank statements
 credit card statements
 financial reports
Data and May include, but not limited to:
information on  income and expenditure
the effectiveness  cash flow data
of financial  quotations
management  files of paid purchase and service invoices
processes  job costing
 employee timesheets
 credit card receipts
 petty cash receipts
 wages/salaries books
  invoices
 bank account records
 insurance reports
 taxation records
 contracts

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence
 documentation produced in managing finances, such as:
 revised budgets
 cost estimates
 cost management plans and strategies
 cost breakdown structures
 expenditure forecasts
 records of cost management lessons learned and
 recommendations for improvements

Processes that could be used as evidence include:

 how any required changes to budgets/financial plans.
 were negotiated
 how cost management plans and contingency plans were
 developed
 how budgets/financial plans were communicated to team
 members
 how team members were supported in undertaking roles
 associated with financial management
 how problems and issues with respect to finances were
 identified and addressed
 how financial management was reviewed and improvements
acted upon
Required Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  relevant legislation from all levels of government that affects
Attitudes business operation, especially in regard to occupational health
and safety and environmental issues, equal opportunity,
industrial relations and anti-discrimination
 organizational requirements related to financial management
 organization roles in respect to financial delegations,
accountabilities and responsibilities
 understand requirements for organizational record keeping and
audit requirements
 organizational objectives and plans
 financial management requirements and performance
measurement
 basic accounting principles
  consultative methods and processes
 the principles and techniques involved in:
 budgeting
 cash flows
 ledgers and financial statements
 accrual accounting concepts
 advanced numerical calculations
 electronic spreadsheets
 attitudes (behavioral indicators):
 ethical
 communicative
 showing positive leadership
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 ability to relate to people from a range of social, cultural and
ethnic backgrounds and physical and mental abilities
 communication and training skills
 financial plan, management skills, and budget understand.
 contingency management skills
 problem solving skills
 leadership and personnel management
 monitoring and review skills
 skills in the use of specialist software for financial record
 keeping and management (if and as relevant)
Resource The following resources must be provided:
Implications  workplace or fully equipped assessment area with necessary
documentation and resources normally used in the workplace
as well as consumable materials
Methods of Competence may be assessed through:
Assessment  Interview / Oral questioning / Written Test
Context of  competence may be assessed in the work place or in a
Assessment simulated work place setting

Occupational Standard: Structural Construction Work Level V

Unit Title Manage Construction Environment Management Process
Unit Code EIS SCW5 11 0322
Unit Descriptor This unit specifies the outcomes required to manage
construction environmental management practices and
processes as part of the organization’s overall management
system.

Elements Performance Criteria

1. Prepare 1.1 Current shifts in environmental legislation or regulation are
environmental analyzed in relation to their potential impact on the
management organization.
plan for the 1.2 Best practice and benchmarking methods are used to
organization determine current environmental management performance.
1.3 Project environmental obligations and management
requirements are analyzed.
1.4 Practical problems encountered on site are gathered and
analyzed
1.5 An environmental management plan is prepared on the
basis of the available information.
1.6 Senior management advice is sought, as required,
concerning the implementation of the plan.
2. Organize 2.1 Staff and contractors are informed of their obligations in
implementation implementing the environmental planning process and
of monitored for compliance.
environmental 2.2 Environmental data gathering systems are evaluated,
plan changes are made as necessary and the system is
managed for maximum efficiency and accuracy.
2.3 New projects are evaluated to determine their impact on
existing environmental planning obligations.
2.4 Local authorities and/or regulatory bodies are contacted
concerning those areas of the plan where there is on-going
monitoring or external overseeing.
2.5 Information concerning updates to the environmental
management plan is communicated to staff and
stakeholders.
2.6 An environmental management plan evaluation strategy is
developed and managed to ensure that the organization
remains on track in the event of changing circumstances.
3. Monitor 3.1 Organizational feedback systems are implemented and
 implementation managed to assist the conformance and management of the
plan.
3.2 Regular feedback is obtained concerning the operations of
the environmental management plan to assist the
organization to meet its legal obligations.
3.3 Where necessary, legally required auditing practices to
ensure probity and accountability to legislative requirements
are managed and maintained.
3.4 Contractor contact is maintained and their conformance with
environmental management requirements is monitored.
3.5 Emergency and remediation response strategies are
implemented as necessary to assist conformance with the
environmental management plan.
4. Review and 4.1 The environmental management plan is reviewed to identify
enhance areas which need improvements and action is taken.
environmental 4.2 Measures are introduced to assist staff to suggest more
management efficient procedures and innovations to improve the
plan performance of the environmental management plan.
4.3 Plans are redrafted to include improvements or address
deficiencies which are found during the monitoring.
4.4 Revised plans are submitted for endorsement by senior
management and procedures are changed accordingly.

Variables Range
Best practice and
May include, but not limited to:
benchmarking  formally or informally prepared performance indicators against
methods environmental management objectives
 specific environmental targets, including emissions, noise,
dust, waste disposal, storm and ground water disposal, waste
segregation and hazardous materials
 performance measurements against industry, local authority,
regulatory or world standards
 statistical record-keeping, using 'at start', ongoing and 'at
conclusion' measurements
 strategic comparisons of 'resources in' and ' residuals out'
 costs associated with environmental conformance
 comparisons of current, previously established and external
environmental management plans
Environmental May include, but not limited to:
management plan  formally or informally gathered information concerning
environmental issues and requirements
 timeframes and key environmental benchmarks to be achieved
  environmental prohibitions or restrictions to be applied within
specific projects
 key people to be consulted or included in decision making
 specific forms of activity to be pursued or which are subject to
monitoring or evaluation
Environmental May include, but not limited to:
data gathering  formal and informal reports from employees and staff
systems  scheduled environmental management meetings and briefings
 conformance reporting on achievement of milestones or
performance targets
 statistical and analytical data in support of environmental
management objectives
Feedback system May include, but not limited to:
 specifically documented processes using formal reporting
arrangements
 spot checks on aspects of the environmental management
process
 formal and informal information gathering from employees and
contractors
 feedback from regulatory authorities

Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of Demonstrate knowledge and skills to:
Competence  successful development of effective environmental
management action plans and strategies
 the extent of effective environmental management advice
provided to the organization
 the effect and efficiency of the environmental management
recording and reporting systems and preparation of
documentation to organizational standards
 assessment of variations in environmental management
performance
 an effective process to manage improvements to
organizational environmental management practices and to
reduce the risk of non-conformance
 conformance with relevant legislative and regulatory
requirements
 research of relevant current trends in environmental
management and controls
Required Demonstrate knowledge of:
Knowledge and  benchmarking and the establishment of environmental goals
Attitudes  current trends in environmental management and controls
 environmental management practices and methodologies
 legal and regulatory obligations implicit in environmental
requirements
  penalties for various breaches of environmental obligations and
conformance requirements
 relevant licensing arrangements applicable
 statistical analysis methodologies
Required Skills Demonstrate skills to:
 Bursting and crushing reinforced concrete
 Applying OHS procedures during operation
 Performing clean-up activities
 Maintaining bursting/crushing equipment
Resources The following resources must be provided:
Implication  access to workplace documentation
 real or simulated workplace
Assessment Competence may be assessed through:
Methods  Interview
 Observation/Demonstration
Context of Competence may be assessed in the real workplace or in a
Assessment simulated workplace setting