LAB Session 1

To calculate the deformations in a bar having variable cross-sectional area using

7 elements
Pre-Processing Phase:

1. Select a Job name.

Select analysis type.

Define Element Type.

Displays cross-sectional areas, material properties, and relationships between
nodes, critical for finite element calculations.
Define Element Real Constant

The area for each element as Real Constant

Cross Sectional Area = 0.2404 Real Constant
Cross Sectional Area = 0.2232 Real Constant
Cross Sectional Area = 0.2053 Real Constant
Cross Sectional Area = 0.1875 Real Constant
Cross Sectional Area = 0.1696 Real Constant
Cross Sectional Area = 0.1518 Real Constant
Cross Sectional Area = 0.1339

Define Material Properties

Define the node points
A schematic representation of nodes and elements along the length of the bar. Nodes are
labeled from 1 to 8, and their corresponding positions are shown.

Node number 1, Location in active CS = 0

Node number 2, Location in active CS = -1.4285
Node number 3, Location in active CS = -2.8571
Node number 4, Location in active CS = -4.2857
Node number 5, Location in active CS = -5.7143
Node number 6, Location in active CS = -7.1428
Node number 7, Location in active CS = -8.5714
Node number 8, Location in active CS = -10

Now we define the elements between the nodes one by one.

Displays cross-sectional areas, material properties, and relationships between nodes, critical for
finite element calculations.
Applying boundary conditions and loading
Illustrates the fixed boundary at one end and the load applied at the free end, essential for
setting up the problem.

The bar is divided into finite elements connected by nodes, ensuring accurate simulation of
deformation and stress.
Solution Phase .
Solve the system
Reaction forces counteract the applied load, ensuring equilibrium. These forces are key to
validating the model.
Stress varies along the bar depending on the cross-sectional area and applied force, with the
highest stress at the narrowest sections.
Postprocessing phase
Calculate the deformation
Combines deformation and stress analysis, providing a comprehensive view of the bar’s
response to the applied load.
LAB Session 2:
To calculate the deformations, stresses, strains and reactions in the bar fixed at
one end using ANSYS Mechanical APDL.
1. Ansys Main Menu – Preferences-Select – STRUCTURAL- h method – ok

2. Element type – Add/Edit/Delete – Add – link, 3D Finit stn 180 – ok- close.

3. Real constants – Add – ok – real constant set no – 1 – cross-sectional AREA 1 – 900 – apply

4. Add – real constant set no – 2 – cross-sectional AREA 2 – 600-ok- close

5. Material Properties – material models – Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 2e5 – PRXY –
0.3- material- new material-define material id=2- Structural – Linear – Elastic – Isotropic – EX – 0.7e5 –
PRXY – 0.3– ok – close.

6. Modeling – Create – Nodes– In Active CS - Node Number 1, Location in active CS X=0, Apply (first Node
is created) – Node Number 2, Location in active CS, X= 600, Apply (second Node is created) – Node
Number 3, Location in active CS X=1100, Ok (third Node is created)

7. Modeling-Create –Elements- Element Attributes, Real Constants Set No. 1, Ok

8. Modeling-Create –Elements- Auto Numbered – Thru Nodes- Pick Nodes 1 and 2, Ok.

9. Modeling-Create –Elements- Element Attributes, Real Constants Set No. 2, Ok

10. Modeling-Create –Elements- Auto Numbered – Thru Nodes- Pick Nodes 2 and 3, Ok.

11. Loads – Define loads – Apply – Structural – Displacement – on Nodes- pick Node 1 – Ok – DOFs to be
constrained – ALL DOF– Ok.

12. Loads – Define loads – Apply – Structural – Force/Moment – on Nodes - pick Node 3 – Apply –
direction of For/Mom – FX – Force/Moment value – 500 (+ve value) – Ok.

13. Solve – current LS – Ok (Solution is done is displayed) – close.

14. List Results – Nodal solution – X-component of displacement - Ok (Displacement will be displayed
with the node numbers).

15. List Results – Element Solution – X-component of stress – Ok (Stress will be displayed for each
element).

16. List Results – Element Solution – X-component of elastic strain – Ok (Strain will be displayed for each
element).

17. List Results – Reaction Solution – Struct force FX – Ok (Reaction forces at supports will be displayed).

18. Plot results- Nodal solution- DOF solution- x component of displacement-ok.

19. Animation: PlotCtrls – Animate – Deformed shape – def + undeformed- Ok.

LAB Session 3
Truss Analysis
To make a truss for analysis we first open static structural.

Next select the engineering data and select edit. Change the vales or
materials according to the one given in the picture and then close
engineering data.

Now click on geometry and the select space claim. Select the units in space
claim options and set them to meters.
Next step is to draw the desired truss. to make this select the line option and
make a truss as shown in the picture below

Now to convert the truss lines into a beam go to prepare and select the
rectangle option.
Next click on rectangle and select edit beam profile.

Select the breath and length as shown in the picture.

Go to the truss design and select all the lines in the sketch and in prepare
select create to make a truss in beam form. Then select all the beams and
create a new component
To start set up select it and click on edit.

Now once the setup has started, click on geometry and give model the
material you selected in engineering data. Then click in mesh and click on
generate mesh.
Once the mesh is generated click on static structural and the use fixed
support on the last corners of the structure as shown below.
Once selected click on the center, center right and center left points and
click on force in components and give the value of 250kN in - y directions
and apply.
Once all the values are given, select solution and insert total deformation as
shown in the following picture.

Then click on beam results and insert axial force as shown below.
Once done click on solution and then on solve. All the results will be shown
as given below.
Lab Report 4
L-Bracket Analysis.
To do analysis on an L shaped bracket first open static structural in work
bench.
 Next open engineering data and change the yield strength of structural
to 250 MPa or desired value as shown in the pictures below.

Now open geometry in space claim and change to mm.

Once the units are changed start drawing the lines as given below.
Next make two 3- point arcs at the end of each rectangle L shape with a
radius of 2mm.

Now make 3 circles each of radius of 2 mm in the center of each corner as

shown below.
Now make the fillet of 5 mm as shown below.

Once the geometry structure is completed go to pull command and pull

the structure to a thickness of 0.2 as shown below.
Next step is deleting all the circular area so as to make it hollow. To do so
dimply select the circles and press delete as given below.

Once the geometry is made, go to model and select edit.

Once entered in mechanical setup, first select the geometry and change the
material to the one changed in the engineering data to get desired results.
Once this is done select the geometry as whole and click on mesh and
change the element size to 01mm and click generate.
Next select the face same as given below and add a pressure of 250 MPa and
see that it is normal to the axis.

Next step is to go to solution and insert total deformation, equivalent stress,

equivalent strain and in the tool box ass stress tool to add the factor of
safety as shown in the given pictures.
Once this is done select the solution and click on solve to get the results.
Once the computation is done the figures will be displayed as following given
out of which the first displays the total deformation and the second displays
the factor of safety
Lab Session 5
Wrench Analysis.
To make wrench structure first open static structural.

Now open engineering data and change/ select the material according to
need. In this case no
material was changed.

Now click on geometry and open the design modular.

In design modular change the units to millimeter before sketching. Now

select x-y plane and start sketch.
Now first step is to make a rectangle. Then make a three-point arc on both
ends of the rectangle. Next is to make the same diagram as shown in the
given picture.
Now select dimensions and give the arcs, rectangle and polygon dimensions
as shown in the figure below.
Once the structure is completed, then select extrude and select sketch 1 for
extrude and give thickness of 3mm as shown below.
Once the wrench is extruded then select exit design modular. Next is to click
on model and select edit.

When the model is open go to geometry and give the extruded sketch the
material chosen in the engineering data and click ok.
Then to mesh the wrench, click on wrench and change the element size to
1mm and click generate mesh. Also select the body so that mesh can work
as shown in the picture below.
Once the mesh is made select the inner face of the polygon and make it
fixed by inserting fixed support on that face in the static structural as shown
below.

Now select the top face pf the wrench where the arc is present and apply a
pressure normal to and give the value of 250 MPa and click on apply.
Once this is done click on solution and select total deformation, and in strain
select equivalent von miss’s strain. And then click on solve as shown in the
picture below.
Once solved the following results are shown out of which the first displays
the total deformation and the second the equivalent strain.
Lab Session 6
Crash Analysis
To analyze the crash of two objects first open explicit dynamics.

Next step is to open engineering data and add aluminum nonlinear from
library as shown below.
Once added, change the values of yield strength 280GPa and click enter.

Now add plastic stain failure by going to plasticity and selecting plastic strain
failure.
Now change the value of max plastic strain to 0.75 and click enter as shown
below.

Now to make geometry select design modular and change the units to mm.
Once in design modular make a circle and give dimensions of 50mm as
showm in the picture below.
Next step is to extrude the circle to make it in the form of th pipe so for this
purpose we make the direction in symmetry on both sides, give it a length of
100mm and then extrude as given below.
Now to make the other object, repeat the same steps as described above but
in the XY- plane and the operation of extrude will be add frozen this time.
Make sure that the second pipe is touching the first one as shown in the
pictures below.
Now go to model and select edit.

In the geometry give the vertical cylinder material of structural steel, rigid
body and the horizontal pipe of nonlinear aluminum, flexible as shown in the
given pictures.
Once done go to body interaction and change its type to frictionless and click
enter.
Next generate mesh by click on both the bodies as shown in the given pics.
Next step is to give boundary conditions to the system be giving the flexible
pipe a velocity of 300mm per second as shown below.

Once that is done go to analysis settings and give end time of 0.05s as
shown in the given picture.
 Now go to solution and add total deformation, equivalent stress and
strain etc. and then click solve to get the solution

.
Once solved the following solution will be displayed.
Lab Session 8
Conduction analysis
Workbench:
We go to steady state thermal

Engineering data:

In engineering data, we have concrete and thermal conductivity is 1.4

Geometry:
Then go to geometry and click design modeler.
Then we go to sketching and make rectangle

Dimensions are
H=1500mm
V=800mm

Then we extrude at 10 mm
Geometry

Model
Assign the material to wall which is concrete

Meshing

Steady state thermal In this you will right click on steady state thermal and insert then
options show and click on radiation.
Then you will choose face and select face of wall where conduction start. And temp =30 and
emissivity=1

Then on other face also apply radiation with 2 C and emissivity =1

Solution
We have to find temperature loose

Then we solve and get results

Total temperature

Temperature probe:
Reaction Probe
Lab Session 7
Convection Analysis
To perform experiment on convection first open workbench and then open
steady state thermal.
Next step is to click on engineering data and add glass as material and
change value of thermal conductivity to 0.99.

Now go to engineering data sources and add air as shown below.

To make geometry, open design modular and then change units to mm. now
make a rectangle of 1500mm length and a height of 800mm. and then
extrude as shown in the pic given below.

Next step is to make an air wall of thickness of 8mm and then click extrude
and select the face as shown below to make a wall of 8mm thickness.
Once the air wall is made next step is to make a third glass wall we repeat
the first step and give thickness of 4mm click extrude.

Once geometry is made next step is to open model setup and then go to
geometry and select each solid body and give it material selected in the
engineering data with the first and last material being glass and middle
being the air.
Once the materials have been selected, click on mesh and then apply to
make the following mesh as shown below.

Next step is to give boundry conditions anf for that we go to steady state
thermal and then add convection on one face of the glass and repeat the
step again for the second step
While giving the values of film coefficient of 20 and the ambient temp of 10
for first convection a sshown in the pic below.

Now for the second face of glass we change the value to 40 and -10 for film
coefficient and ambient temperature as given below.
Now to solve the problem select the solution and insert total deformation
and then select reaction probe as shown below. Select any face for the
reaction probe to get the vales of convection after solution.
Once solved the following results are shown out of which the first shows the
total deformation or in this case the heat transfer while the other one
displays our convection.