Interview Questions on Computer Fundamentals with Answers
1. What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs tasks according to instructions
provided by software.
2. What are the basic components of a computer system?
The basic components are:
- Input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse)
- Output devices (e.g., monitor, printer)
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Memory (RAM, ROM)
- Storage devices (e.g., HDD, SSD).
3. What is an operating system?
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software
resources, and provides services for computer programs. Examples include Windows, macOS,
Linux.
4. What is the difference between RAM and ROM?
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory used for temporary data storage while a
computer is on. ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile and stores permanent instructions, like
firmware.
5. What is a CPU, and what does it do?
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of the computer. It performs calculations, executes
instructions, and processes data.
6. Define software and its types.
Software is a set of instructions that tell the computer how to perform tasks. Types include:
- System Software (e.g., OS)
- Application Software (e.g., MS Office)
- Middleware (connects different applications).
7. What is a network?
A network is a group of interconnected devices that share resources and information. Examples
include LAN, WAN, and the Internet.
8. What is the difference between 32-bit and 64-bit systems?
32-bit systems process 4 bytes of data at a time and support less than 4GB of RAM, while 64-bit
systems process 8 bytes and support more than 4GB of RAM.
9. What is an IP address?
An IP address is a unique identifier assigned to a device on a network, enabling it to communicate
with other devices. It can be IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1) or IPv6.
10. What is the difference between primary and secondary storage?
Primary storage (e.g., RAM) is volatile and used for immediate data access. Secondary storage
(e.g., HDD, SSD) is non-volatile and used for long-term data storage.
