PEDAGOGY

Presenter: Dr. Tejashwini Burma

Post Graduate III year
WAYANAD FLOODS
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 Learning Objectives:
By the end of this session, students will be
able to:
Define and Classify Disasters
Understand the Phases of Disaster
Management
Discuss National Health Programs and
ACTs Related to Disaster Management
 Definition:

“ Any occurrence that causes Damage,

Ecological Disruption, Loss of Human
life (or) deterioration of Health Services
on a scale sufficient to warrant an Extra
ordinary response form outside the
affected community or area”
TYPES OF DISASTER
1. Natural Disasters:
Geological Disasters: Earthquakes,
Volcanic Eruptions, Landslides.
Meteorological Disasters:
Cyclones/Hurricanes/Typhoons, Tornadoes,
Floods
Hydrological Disasters: Tsunamis, Droughts.
Climatological Disasters: Heatwaves,
Wildfires
2. HUMAN-MADE DISASTER:
Technological Disasters: Industrial
Accidents, Nuclear Accidents.
Environmental Disasters: Oil
spills, Deforestation.
Complex Emergencies: Armed
conflicts, Terrorist Attacks.
Characteristics of Disasters
1. Sudden Onset:
Disasters often occur with little or no
warning, making it challenging to
prepare and respond effectively.

Examples: Earthquakes, tsunamis,

tornadoes.
2. Large-scale Impact:
Disasters can affect large
geographic areas and populations,
leading to widespread damage
and disruption.
Examples: Hurricanes, floods,
pandemics.
3. Complexity:
Disasters often involve multiple hazards
and cascading effects, complicating
response and recovery efforts.
Examples: Earthquakes triggering
tsunamis and landslides, industrial
accidents causing environmental
contamination.
4. Human Vulnerability:
The impact of a disaster is influenced
by the vulnerability of the affected
population, including factors such as
poverty, lack of infrastructure, and
inadequate preparedness.
Examples: Droughts affecting poor
agricultural communities, floods in
densely populated urban areas.
 PHASES OF DIASTER
RESPONSE
1. EMERGENCY
RESPONSE
2. REHABILITATION PHASE
3. DISASTER MITIGATION
4. DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
 EMERGENCY RESPONSE
1. Primary
phase:
0-6 hrs
First aid
Triage
Treatment
2. Secondary phase:
6-24 hrs.
Emergency Relief operations
Provision of basic necessities
Restoration of basic services
Damage assessment and Resource mobilisation
Psychosocial support.
Rehabilitation Phase:
>24hrs.
“Help and Aid”
Providing Food, Shelter and
Blanket.
Safe water supply
Vector control in Rehabilitative
camps/ Relief camps.
Proper sanitation
Vaccination against communicable diseases
like Typhoid, cholera, Tetanus.
Vaccination for Health care professionals.
Nutrition.
DISASTER MITIGATION

Objective: To reduce or eliminate the impact

of disasters before they occur.
Activities:
Risk Assessment: Identifying and
evaluating the risks of potential disasters.
Structural Measures: Constructing
physical barriers, such as levees, dams, and
earthquake-resistant buildings.
Non-Structural Measures:
Implementing policies, land-use
planning, building codes, and public
education programs to reduce risk.
Example: Retrofitting buildings to
withstand earthquakes.
 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
Objective: To ensure that individuals, communities,
and organisations are ready to respond to a disaster
efficiently.
Activities:
Emergency Planning: Developing and regularly
updating emergency response plans.
Training and Drills: Conducting regular training
sessions and simulation exercises for emergency
responders and the public.
Resource Management: Ensuring the
availability of necessary resources, such
as food, water, medical supplies, and
equipment.
Public Awareness Campaigns:
Educating the public about disaster risks
and preparedness measures.
Example: Conducting mock drills for
 National Disaster
Management Framework
National Disaster Management
Authority (NDMA)
Established: 2005
Objective: To lay down policies,
plans, and guidelines for disaster
management to ensure timely and
effective response to disasters.
Functions: Formulating policies and
plans for disaster management,
Coordinating response and relief
activities, Promoting a culture of
prevention and preparedness,
Ensuring compliance with disaster
management policies.
National Disaster Response Force
(NDRF)
Objective: To provide specialised
response to natural and man-made
disasters.
Functions:
Conducting search and rescue operations.
Providing medical assistance.
Assisting in evacuation and relief distribution.
National Health Programs
Related to Disaster
Management
National Health Mission (NHM)
Objective: To provide accessible,
affordable, and quality healthcare to the
rural and urban populations.
Disaster Management Component:
Ensuring healthcare services during
disasters.
Strengthening health infrastructure to
withstand disasters.
Training healthcare workers in disaster
Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme
(IDSP)
Objective: To detect and respond to disease
outbreaks promptly.
Functions:
Surveillance of disease trends.
Early detection of disease outbreaks.
Rapid response to contain outbreaks.
Coordination with disaster management authorities
during health emergencies.
 Acts Related to Disaster
Management
Disaster Management Act,
2005
Objective: To provide for the
effective management of disasters.
Provisions:
Establishment of National, State, and District
Disaster Management Authorities.
Formation of disaster management plans at all
levels.
Roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders.
Financial mechanisms for disaster management.
National Disaster Management
Policy, 2009
Objective: To build a safe and disaster-
resilient India by developing a holistic,
proactive, multi-disaster-oriented, and
technology-driven strategy.
Components:
Institutional and legal arrangements.
Financial arrangements.
Capacity building.
Disaster prevention, mitigation, and
preparedness.
The Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897
Objective: To provide for better
prevention of the spread of dangerous
epidemic diseases.
Provisions:
Empowering governments to take special
measures and prescribe regulations to
contain epidemics.
Implementing quarantine and isolation
measures.
Ensuring coordination among health and
disaster management authorities.
The Environment Protection Act,
1986
Objective: To provide for the
protection and improvement of the
environment.
Provisions:
Implementing measures to prevent and
control environmental pollution.
Responding to environmental emergencies
and disasters.
Coordinating with disaster management
authorities to mitigate environmental risks.
QUESTION TIME
REVIEW STEPS
 QUIZ
During the response phase which action is
more critical?
A. Rebuilding Homes
B. Conducting search and Rescue operation.
C. Implementing Zone regulations
D. Planting Trees
 During the response phase which action is
more critical?
A. Rebuilding Homes
B. Conducting search and Rescue operation.
C. Implementing Zone regulations
D. Planting Trees
Ans: b
What is the primary goal of the
recovery phase in disaster
management?
A) To prevent future disasters
B) To provide immediate relief
C) To restore normalcy and rebuild affected
areas
D) To conduct disaster drills
What is the primary goal of the
recovery phase in disaster
management?
A) To prevent future disasters
B) To provide immediate relief
C) To restore normalcy and rebuild affected
areas
D) To conduct disaster drills
Answer: C) To restore normalcy and rebuild
affected areas
Reforestation helps in mitigating
which type of disaster?
A) Earthquakes
B) Floods
C) Industrial accidents
D) Terrorist attacks
Reforestation helps in mitigating
which type of disaster?
A) Earthquakes
B) Floods
C) Industrial accidents
D) Terrorist attacks
Answer: B) Floods
 Reference:
Park’s Textbook of Preventive and Social
Medicine, 25th Edition.
Kishore, J. (2014). National Health Programs
of India.
Suryakantha, A.H. (2010). Preventive and
Social Medicine. 3rd Edition. Jaypee Brothers
Medical Publishers.
THANK YOU