Phase Pattern
Definition: The phase pattern describes how the phase of the
radiated signal varies with direction from the antenna. It
provides insight into the phase relationship of the
electromagnetic waves as they propagate away from the
antenna.
Field Pattern
Definition: The field pattern, also known as the radiation
pattern, describes how the strength of the electromagnetic field
varies with direction from the antenna. It is typically
represented in polar or Cartesian coordinates.
Horn antennas are a type of microwave antenna that are
widely used for their simplicity, directivity, and wide
frequency range. They are named for their horn-like
shape, which helps to direct and amplify
electromagnetic waves. There are several types of horn
antennas, each with its own specific design and
application. Here are the main types:
Pyramidal Horn Antenna
Sectoral Horn Antenna
conical Horn Antenna
Oblique Horn Antenna
Exponential Horn Antenna
Power Theorem
Statement: The total radiated power PradP_{\text{rad}}Prad of an
antenna can be computed by integrating the power density over a closed
surface surrounding the antenna. Mathematically, this can be expressed
as:
The Power Theorem, often referred to as the "Theorem
of Radiation Power" in the context of antenna theory, is
fundamental for understanding the distribution of power
radiated by an antenna. It states that the total power
radiated by an antenna is equal to the integral of the
power density over a closed surface surrounding the
antenna.
End-Fire Array
Definition: An end-fire array is an antenna array configuration where
the main radiation is directed along the axis of the array, i.e., the
direction parallel to the line of the array elements.
Broadside Array
Definition: A broadside array is an antenna array configuration where
the main radiation is directed perpendicular to the axis of the array, i.e.,
the direction perpendicular to the line of the array elements.
Summary
End-Fire Array:
o Radiation Direction: Along the axis of the array.
o Beam Width: Narrow in the direction of the array.
o Applications: Long-range communication, high directivity
needs.
Broadside Array:
o Radiation Direction: Perpendicular to the axis of the array.
o Beam Width: Broader in the direction perpendicular to the
array.
o Applications: Wide-angle coverage, omnidirectional
communication.
