CEng 3204-Reinforced Concrete Structures I
Design Examples on Design
of RC One-way solid slab
12/8/2024 BY:GEBI.B (MSc. In structural Engineering ) 1
Example
Example: Continuous One-way solid slab
The Figure below shows a clear area of 12𝑚 𝑥 8.5𝑚
for a hall construction in a school. The slab is
supported on beams of size 225 𝑥 500 𝑚𝑚 spaced at
4.0𝑚 center-to-center. The slab has to carry a
distributed permanent action (i.e. actions from floor
finishing and partition walls) and a variable action
of 3.0𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 .
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 2
Example
Assume a design life of 50 years and exposure class =
𝑋𝐶1 .The materials to be used are grade 𝐶25/
30 concrete and 𝑆 − 500 steel grade. Use 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 bars
and 30𝑚𝑚 cement screed, 20𝑚𝑚 PVC covering and
20𝑚𝑚 ceiling plaster as floor finishing for all slabs.
Design the slab and check its serviceability limit
state.
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Example
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Example
.
Materials Unit weight 𝒌𝑵
ൗ𝒎𝟑
Cement screed (cement 23
mortar)
PVC covering 16
Ceiling plaster (cement 23
mortar)
Reinforced concrete 25
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Example
Solution
Step 1: Check whether the slab is treated as one way or two way
𝐿𝑦 8.5
= = 2.125 > 2.0 ∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑠𝑙𝑎𝑏.
𝐿𝑥 4
Step 2: Determine thickness of the slab from deflection requirement
𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛/𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ for reinforced concrete
members without axial compression.
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Example
Refer ES EN 1992: 2015 Clause 7.4.2 (2):
3Τ
𝑙 𝜌0 𝜌0 2
= 𝐾 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 −1 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌
𝜌0 … 7.16𝑎
𝑙 𝜌0 𝜌′
= 𝐾 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 > 𝜌0 … 7.16𝑏
𝑑 𝜌−𝜌′ 𝜌0
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Example
Where:
𝒍
is the 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛/𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ
𝒅
𝑲 is the factor to take into account the different
structural systems from Table 7.4N
𝝆𝟎 is the reference reinforcement ratio = 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10−3
𝒇𝒄𝒌 is cylindrical compressive strength of concrete in
𝑀𝑃𝑎 units
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Table 7.4N: 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛/𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ for
reinforced concrete members without axial compression
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Example
Assumption: Slab is under-reinforced section
(concrete lightly stressed i.e.𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟓%) (Table 7.4N)
𝑲 = 𝟏. 𝟑 for one way continuous slab (Table 7.4N)
𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜌0 = 𝑓𝑐𝑘 ∗ 10−3 = 25 ∗ 10−3 = 0.005
ρ = 0.005 ≤ 𝜌0 = 0.005
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Example
3Τ
𝑙 𝜌0 𝜌0 2
∴ = 𝐾 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 −1 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌0
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌
Substitute the value in the above equation:
3ൗ
𝑙 0.005 0.005 2
= 1.3 11 + 1.5 25 + 3.2 25 −1
𝑑 0.005 0.005
𝑙
= 24.05 ≤ 26 … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 𝑂𝑘!
𝑑
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Example
𝒍 = 𝑳𝒙 (Shorter span of the slab for one-way and two-
way solid slabs)
𝒍 = 𝑳𝒚 (Longer span of the slab for flat slabs)
Modification factors
Modification may be needed for the stress level in the
reinforcement and span length greater than 7m.
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Example
The span of the given slab 𝐿𝑥 = 4.0𝑚 is less than 7m.
Therefore modification is not needed for the span of
the slab.
𝑙
Thus = 24.05 ∗ 1.0 = 24.05
𝑑
𝐿𝑥 4000
∴𝑑= = = 166.32𝑚𝑚
24.05 24.05
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Example
′ ϕ𝑙
𝑑 = 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
2
Depending on the given exposure and strength class, the
nominal concrete cover = 𝟐𝟓𝒎𝒎
ϕ𝑙 12
𝑑′ = 𝑐𝑐 + = 25 + = 31𝑚𝑚
2 2
Overall thickness of the slab
𝐷 = 𝑑 + 𝑑 ′ = 166.32 + 31 = 197.32𝑚𝑚
For standard formwork use 𝐷 = 200𝑚𝑚
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Example
Step 3: Determine the design load
Self-weight of slab = 𝐷 ∗ 𝛾𝑐 = 0.2𝑚 ∗ 25 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚3
= 5.0 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚2
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Example
Dead load on the slab from floor finishing
= 0.02𝑚 ∗ 16 𝑘𝑁ൗ 3 + 0.03𝑚 ∗ 23 𝑘𝑁ൗ 3 + 0.02𝑚
𝑚 𝑚
∗ 16 𝑘𝑁ൗ 3 = 1.33 𝑘𝑁ൗ 2
𝑚 𝑚
Total dead load 𝑔𝑘 = 5.0 + 1.33 = 6.33 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚2
Live load 𝑞𝑘 = 3 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚2
Design load 𝑤 = 1.35𝑔𝑘 + 1.5𝑞𝑘
= 1.35 ∗ 6.33 + 1.5 ∗ 3 = 13.05 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚2
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Example
Step 4: Loading analysis
One-way slab may be considered as a wide shallow beam
spanning between slab supports and the analysis is then
carried out by assuming a beam of unit strip width with a
depth equal to the thickness of the slab and span equal to
the distance between supports (in the short direction).
∴Load per unit area on the slab would be the load per unit length on
this imaginary beam of unit strip width.
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Example
𝑤 = 13.05 𝑘𝑁ൗ 2 ∗ 1𝑚 = 13.05 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚
𝑚
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Example
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 19
Cont.…
Step 5: Determine design constants
Material
Concrete ; 𝐶25/30 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25𝑀𝑝𝑎
0.85 ∗ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 0.85 ∗ 25
𝑓𝑐𝑑 = = = 14.167𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝛾𝑐 1.5
Steel: 𝑆 − 500 𝑓𝑦𝑘 = 500𝑀𝑝𝑎
𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
𝑓𝑦𝑑 = = = 434.78𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝛾𝑠 1.15
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Cont.…
Step 6: Check thickness of the slab required for flexure
Minimum effective depth to avoid any compression steel
(singly reinforced) is given by:
𝑀𝑑
< 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.295 𝑀𝑑 = 𝑴𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 20.88𝑘𝑁𝑚
𝑓𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑀𝑑
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≥ 𝑏 = 1𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ
0.295𝑥𝑏𝑥𝑓𝑐𝑑
20.88𝑥106
= = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟑𝒎𝒎
0.295𝑥1000𝑥14.167
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Cont.…
The overall thickness D of the slab = 𝑑 + 𝑑′ =
69.746 + 31 = 101.683𝑚𝑚 < 𝐷𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 = 200𝑚𝑚𝑂𝑘!
𝑑 = 𝐷 − 𝑑′ = 200 − 31 = 169𝑚𝑚
Step 7: Calculate flexural reinforcement 𝐴𝑠
Check maximum and minimum reinforcement areas
(Refer ES EN 1992: 2015 clause 9.2.1.1)
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Cont.…
2ൗ
0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 0.26 0.3 𝑓𝑐𝑘 3 ∗ 1000 ∗ 169
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. = = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑓𝑦𝑘 500
0.0013𝑏𝑡 𝑑 = 0.0013 ∗ 1000 ∗ 169 = 219.70𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04𝐴𝑐 = 0.04 ∗ 1000 ∗ 200 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝑏𝑡 =Width of tension zone = Take 1𝑚 width 𝐴𝑐 = area
of concrete = b*D
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Cont.…
𝒃𝒂𝒔
Spacing of reinforcement 𝒔 =
𝑨𝒔
Check minimum spacing of reinforcement (Refer ES
EN 1992: 2015 clause 8.2)
𝜙𝑏𝑎𝑟 = 12𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥. ቐ 𝜙𝑎𝑔𝑔. + 5𝑚𝑚
𝟐𝟎𝒎𝒎
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 24
Cont.…
Check maximum spacing of reinforcement (Refer ES EN 1992: 2015
clause 9.3.1)
❖ For slabs less than 200mm thick the following maximum spacing rules
apply:
✓ For the principal reinforcement:
3ℎ = 3 ∗ 200 = 600𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛. ቊ
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
✓ For the secondary reinforcement:
3.5ℎ = 3.5 ∗ 200 = 700𝑚𝑚
𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛. ቊ
𝟒𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎
Where h is the thickness of the slab
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 25
Cont.…
At 1st Interior Support: 𝑴𝒅 = 𝟐𝟎. 𝟖𝟖𝒌𝑵𝒎/𝒎
𝑀𝑑 𝑑
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑧= 1 + 1 − 2𝑘 ≤ 0.95𝑑
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑 2
𝑀𝑑 20.88 ∗ 106
𝑘= 2 = 2 = 0.0516 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.295
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑑 1000 ∗ 169 ∗ 14.167
∴The slab section is singly reinforced section.
𝑑 169
𝑧= 1 + 1 − 2𝑘 = 1 + 1 − 2 ∗ 0.0516 = 160.279𝑚𝑚
2 2
≤ 0.95𝑑 = 0.95 ∗ 169 = 160.55𝑚𝑚 … … 𝑂𝑘!
∴ Take 𝑧 = 160.279𝑚𝑚
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Cont.…
𝑀𝑑 20.88 ∗ 106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 299.63𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑 160.279 ∗ 434.7826
𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟐𝟗𝟗. 𝟔𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙
= 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐 … 𝑶𝒌!
𝝅 𝟏𝟐 𝟐
𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗ 𝟒
𝒔= Use 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 bar 𝒔 = = = 𝟑𝟕𝟕. 𝟒𝟔𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔 𝑨𝒔 𝟐𝟗𝟗.𝟔𝟑
𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 20𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠 = 377.46𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400𝑚𝑚 𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒔 = 𝟑𝟕𝟎𝒎𝒎
∴ Provide 𝝓𝟏𝟐𝒎𝒎 @ 𝟑𝟕𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒄/𝒄 ൫𝑨𝒔,𝒑𝒓𝒐 = 𝟑𝟎𝟓. 𝟔𝟕𝒎𝒎𝟐 /
𝒎 𝑻𝒐𝒑 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏൯.
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Cont.…
At Middle Interior Span 𝑴𝒅 = 𝟓. 𝟐𝟐𝒌𝑵𝒎/𝒎
𝑀𝑑 5.22 ∗ 106
𝑘= 2 = 2 = 0.0129 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.295
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑑 1000 ∗ 169 ∗ 14.167
∴The slab section is singly reinforced section.
𝑑 169
𝑧= 1 + 1 − 2𝑘 = 1 + 1 − 2 ∗ 0.0129 = 167.9𝑚𝑚
2 2
≰ 0.95𝑑 = 0.95 ∗ 169 = 160.55𝑚𝑚 … … 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑂𝑘!
∴ Take 𝑧 = 160.55𝑚𝑚
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Cont.…
𝑀𝑑 5.22 ∗ 106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 73.1𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑 160.55 ∗ 434.7826
𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐 ≰ 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟕𝟒. 𝟕𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐 … 𝑶𝒌!
∴ Take 𝑨𝒔 = 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐
𝝅 𝟏𝟐 𝟐
𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗
𝟒
𝒔= Use 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 bar 𝒔 = = = 𝟒𝟗𝟒. 𝟗𝟖𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔 𝑨𝒔 𝟐𝟐𝟖.𝟒𝟖𝟖
𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 20𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠 = 494.98𝑚𝑚 ≰ 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400𝑚𝑚
∴ 𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒔 = 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
∴ Provide 𝝓𝟏𝟐𝒎𝒎 @ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒄/𝒄 ൫𝑨𝒔,𝒑𝒓𝒐 = 𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟕𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐 /
𝒎 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏൯.
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Cont.…
Near Middle of End Span 𝑴𝒅 = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟕𝒌𝑵𝒎/𝒎
𝑀𝑑 16.7 ∗ 106
𝑘= 2 = 2 = 0.0413 < 𝐾𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.295
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑑 1000 ∗ 169 ∗ 14.167
∴The slab section is singly reinforced section.
𝑑 169
𝑧= 1 + 1 − 2𝑘 = 1 + 1 − 2 ∗ 0.0413 = 162.025𝑚𝑚
2 2
≰ 0.95𝑑 = 0.95 ∗ 169 = 160.55𝑚𝑚 … … 𝑁𝑜𝑡 𝑂𝑘!
∴ Take 𝑧 = 160.55𝑚𝑚
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Cont.…
𝑀𝑑 16.7 ∗ 106
𝐴𝑠 = = = 239.24𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞
𝑧𝑓𝑦𝑑 160.55 ∗ 434.7826
𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔 = 𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐 < 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎𝟐 … 𝑶𝒌!
𝝅 𝟏𝟐 𝟐
𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗ 𝟒
𝒔= Use 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 bar 𝒔 = = = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟕𝟒𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔 𝑨𝒔 𝟐𝟑𝟗.𝟐𝟒
𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 20𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠 = 472.74𝑚𝑚 ≰ 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 400𝑚𝑚 𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒔 = 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎
∴ Provide 𝝓𝟏𝟐𝒎𝒎 @ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒄/𝒄 ൫𝑨𝒔,𝒑𝒓𝒐 = 𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐 /
𝒎 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝒊𝒏 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒓𝒕 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏൯.
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Cont.…
Secondary reinforcement in the longer direction:
Secondary transverse reinforcement of not less than 𝟐𝟎% of the
principal reinforcement should be provided in one-way slabs. In
areas near supports transverse reinforcement to principal top bars is
not necessary where there is no transverse bending moment. Take
maximum areas of reinforcement in the span (𝑨𝒔 = 𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟕𝟒𝒎𝒎𝟐 )
𝐴𝑠(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) ≥ 0.2𝐴𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 = 0.2 ∗ 𝟐𝟖𝟐. 𝟕𝟒 = 45.70𝑚𝑚2 /𝑚
< 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐
Take 𝐴𝑠(𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠) = 𝑨𝒔,𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟖. 𝟒𝟖𝟖𝒎𝒎𝟐
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 32
Cont.…
𝒃𝒂𝒔
𝒔=
𝑨𝒔
𝝅 𝟏𝟐 𝟐
𝒃𝒂𝒔 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎∗
𝟒
Use 𝜙12𝑚𝑚 bar 𝒔 = = = 𝟒𝟗𝟒. 𝟗𝟖𝒎𝒎
𝑨𝒔 𝟐𝟐𝟖.𝟒𝟖𝟖
𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 20𝑚𝑚 < 𝑠 = 494.98𝑚𝑚 ≰ 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 450𝑚𝑚 ∴
𝑻𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝒔 = 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎
∴ Provide 𝝓𝟏𝟐𝒎𝒎 @ 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝒎𝒎 𝒄/𝒄 ቀ𝑨𝒔,𝒑𝒓𝒐 = 𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝒎𝒎𝟐 /
𝒎 𝑩𝒐𝒕𝒕𝒐𝒎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒕𝒐𝒑 𝒊𝒏 𝒍𝒐𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒓𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏ቁ.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 33
Cont.…
Reinforcement @ End supports (𝑴𝒅 = 𝟐𝟓%
adjacent span moment)
Because of a monolithic construction of the slab and
beam, the support conditions between the slab and
beam is partially fixed. Therefore, to resist any
negative moment at the end supports, top steel should
be provided.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 34
Cont.…
▪ As per ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 9.3.1.2(2), where
partial fixity occurs along an edge of a slab but is not
taken into account in the analysis, the top
reinforcement should be capable of resisting at least
𝟐𝟓% of the maximum moment in the adjacent span.
▪ The moment to be designed for a minimum 25% of the
adjacent span moment = 0.25 ∗ 16.27 = 4.1𝑘𝑁𝑚/𝑚.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 35
Cont.…
▪ Provide 𝝓𝟏𝟐𝒎𝒎 @ 𝟒𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎൫As,pro = 282.74mm2 /
m top൯.
▪ This reinforcement should extend at least 0.2𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 the
length of the adjacent span measured from the face of
the support.
▪ If it is continuous across internal supports and anchored
at end supports, at an end support the moment to be
resisted may be reduced to 𝟏𝟓% of the maximum
moment in the adjacent span.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 36
Cont.…
Step 8: Check the adequacy of the slab thickness for
shear
Thickness of the slab is adequate for shear if the
design shear force 𝑽𝑬𝒅 developed in slab at critical
section (𝒅 from the face of support) is less than or
equal to the design shear strength 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄 provided by
the slab.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 37
Cont.…
Calculate design shear force 𝑉𝐸𝑑 at 𝑑 distance from
the face support
Shear @ the center of support: 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 31.32𝑘𝑁
Shear @ the face of support 𝑉𝐸𝑓 :
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 38
Cont.…
By using similarity of triangles:
0𝑚 31.32𝑘𝑁
0.1125𝑚 𝑉𝐸𝑓
2.4𝑚 0𝑘𝑁
0.1125 − 0 𝑉𝐸𝑓 − 31.32
= → 𝑉𝐸𝑓 = 29.852𝑘𝑁
2.4 − 0.1125 0 − 𝑉𝐸𝑓
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 39
Cont.…
Similarly, the design shear force 𝑉𝐸𝑑 at 𝑑 distance
from the face support
0𝑚 31.32 𝑘𝑁
0.2815𝑚 𝑉𝐸𝑑
2.4𝑚 0𝑘𝑁
0.2815 − 0 𝑉𝐸𝑑 − 31.32
= → 𝑉𝐸𝑑 = 27.65𝑘𝑁
2.4 − 0.2815 0 − 𝑉𝐸𝑑
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 40
Cont.…
Design shear resistance of concrete (𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄 ):
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = [𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 𝑘 100𝜌1 𝑓𝑐𝑘 3 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 ]𝑏𝑤 𝑑
0.18 0.18
𝐶𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = = = 0.12 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
𝛾𝑐 1.5
200 200
𝑘 =1+ =1+ = 1.088 < 2.0 𝑂𝑘
𝑑 169
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 41
Cont.…
Assuming 50% of mid-span steel does not extend to the supports:
As1 282.74
ρ1 = = = 0.001673 < 0.02 𝑂𝑘
bw d 1000𝑥169
𝑁𝐸𝑑 = 0 → 𝜎𝑐𝑝 = 0
𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.035𝑘 3/2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 1/2 = 0.035(1.088)3/2 (25)1/2 = 0.2𝑁/𝑚𝑚2
1
𝑉𝑅𝑑,𝑐 = 0.12 𝑥 1.088 100 𝑥 0.001673 𝑥 25 3 1000𝑥169
= 35.55𝑘𝑁 > 𝑣𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑘1 𝜎𝑐𝑝 𝑏𝑤 𝑑 = 0.2 𝑥 1000 𝑥 169 = 33.8𝑘𝑁
Since 𝑽𝑹𝒅,𝒄 > 𝑽𝑬𝒅 , no shear reinforcement is required.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 42
As per ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 6.2.1(4), on the
basis of the design shear calculation, no shear
reinforcement is required, minimum shear
reinforcement should however be provided.
But, the minimum shear reinforcement may be
omitted in members such as slabs (solid, ribbed or
hollow core slabs) where transverse redistribution of
loads is possible.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 43
Cont.…
Step 9: Check serviceability limit states
9.1. Check deflection control
The deflection of the slab is checked by using basic span-
effective depth ratio:
𝑨𝒔,𝒓𝒆𝒒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑓 ′ 𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒏 𝒎𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 𝟐𝟑𝟗. 𝟎𝟖
𝜌= = ∗ 100 = 0.138% < 0.5%
𝑏𝑤 𝑑 1000𝑥169
Therefore, our assumption in 𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒑 𝟏 is correct.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 44
Cont.…
𝜌𝑜 = 10−3 𝑥 25 = 0.005 = 0.5% > 𝜌 = 0.5%
𝐾 = 1.3 for one way continuous slab (Table 7.4N)
No compression steel, 𝜌′ = 0 (the slab section is singly reinforced
section).
3ൗ
𝑙 𝜌0 𝜌0 2
∴ = 𝐾 11 + 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 + 3.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 −1 𝑖𝑓 𝜌 ≤ 𝜌0
𝑑 𝜌 𝜌
3ൗ
𝑙 0.5 0.5 2
= 1.3 11 + 1.5 25 + 3.2 25 −1 = 138
𝑑 0.138 0.138
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 45
Cont.…
Modification factors for stress levels in the steel
310 500 500
= = = 1.213
𝜎𝑠 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 500 ∗ 0.8244
𝑓𝑦𝑘
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜 282.74
= = 1.213 ≤ 1.5 … … … … … … … 𝑂𝑘!
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 239.08
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 46
Cont.…
𝑙
Modified = 138 ∗ 1.213 = 167.4
𝑑
𝑙 4000
Actual = = 23.67
𝑑 169
𝑙 𝑙
= 23.67 < = 167.4 … 𝑂𝑘!
𝑑 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
∴ Deflection will not exceed the permitted 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛/250.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 47
Cont.…
9.2. Check for cracking control
Load at ULS = 1.35 × 6.33 + 1.5 × 3
= 13.05𝑘𝑁/𝑚
Load at SLS = 1.0 × 6.33 + 1.0 × 3
= 9.33𝑘𝑁/𝑚
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 @ 𝑆𝐿𝑆
Stress 𝜎𝑠 in steel at 𝑆𝐿𝑆 = × 𝑓𝑦𝑑
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 @𝑈𝐿𝑆
9.33
= ∗ 434.7826 = 310.845𝑀𝑃𝑎
13.05
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 48
Cont.…
Control of cracking without direct calculation as per
ES EN 1992-1-1:2015 section 7.3.3
For reinforced slabs in buildings subjected to bending
without significant axial tension specific measures to
control cracking are not necessary where the overall
depth does not exceed 200 mm by restricting the bar
diameter or spacing as a simplification.
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 49
Cont.…
Table 7.1N Recommended limiting values of crack
widths 𝒘𝒎𝒂𝒙 (mm) for different exposure class
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 50
Cont.…
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 51
Cont.…
From Table 7.3N of maximum bar spacing for crack
control for 0.4𝑚𝑚 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑋𝐶1 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 crack
width and 310.845𝑀𝑃𝑎 stress in steel:
280𝑀𝑃𝑎 200𝑚𝑚
310.845 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
320 150𝑚𝑚
310.845 − 280 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 200
= → 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 161.444𝑚𝑚
320 − 310.845 150 − 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑥
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 52
Cont.…
Step 10: Detailing of reinforcements
12/8/2024 Design of RC One-way solid slab 53
