Trigonometric Identities
1. Basic Identities
- sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1
- 1 + tan^2(x) = sec^2(x)
- 1 + cot^2(x) = csc^2(x)
2. Reciprocal Identities
- sin(x) = 1 / csc(x)
- cos(x) = 1 / sec(x)
- tan(x) = 1 / cot(x)
- csc(x) = 1 / sin(x)
- sec(x) = 1 / cos(x)
- cot(x) = 1 / tan(x)
3. Quotient Identities
- tan(x) = sin(x) / cos(x)
- cot(x) = cos(x) / sin(x)
4. Pythagorean Identities
- sin^2(x) + cos^2(x) = 1
- 1 + tan^2(x) = sec^2(x)
- 1 + cot^2(x) = csc^2(x)
5. Co-Function Identities
- sin(pi/2 - x) = cos(x)
- cos(pi/2 - x) = sin(x)
- tan(pi/2 - x) = cot(x)
- cot(pi/2 - x) = tan(x)
- sec(pi/2 - x) = csc(x)
- csc(pi/2 - x) = sec(x)
6. Even-Odd Identities
- sin(-x) = -sin(x)
- cos(-x) = cos(x)
- tan(-x) = -tan(x)
- cot(-x) = -cot(x)
- sec(-x) = sec(x)
- csc(-x) = -csc(x)
7. Sum and Difference Formulas
- sin(x + y) = sin(x)cos(y) + cos(x)sin(y)
- sin(x - y) = sin(x)cos(y) - cos(x)sin(y)
- cos(x + y) = cos(x)cos(y) - sin(x)sin(y)
- cos(x - y) = cos(x)cos(y) + sin(x)sin(y)
- tan(x + y) = (tan(x) + tan(y)) / (1 - tan(x)tan(y))
- tan(x - y) = (tan(x) - tan(y)) / (1 + tan(x)tan(y))
8. Double Angle Formulas
- sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x)
- cos(2x) = cos^2(x) - sin^2(x)
- cos(2x) = 2cos^2(x) - 1
- cos(2x) = 1 - 2sin^2(x)
- cos(2x) = (1 - tan^2(x)) / (1 + tan^2(x))
- tan(2x) = 2tan(x) / (1 - tan^2(x))
9. Half-Angle Formulas
- sin(x/2) = sqrt((1 - cos(x)) / 2)
- cos(x/2) = sqrt((1 + cos(x)) / 2)
- tan(x/2) = sqrt((1 - cos(x)) / (1 + cos(x)))
- tan(x/2) = sin(x) / (1 + cos(x))
- tan(x/2) = (1 - cos(x)) / sin(x)
10. Product-to-Sum Formulas
- sin(x)sin(y) = 0.5 * [cos(x - y) - cos(x + y)]
- cos(x)cos(y) = 0.5 * [cos(x - y) + cos(x + y)]
- sin(x)cos(y) = 0.5 * [sin(x + y) + sin(x - y)]
11. Sum-to-Product Formulas
- sin(x) + sin(y) = 2sin((x + y) / 2)cos((x - y) / 2)
- cos(x) + cos(y) = 2cos((x + y) / 2)cos((x - y) / 2)
- sin(x) - sin(y) = 2cos((x + y) / 2)sin((x - y) / 2)
- cos(x) - cos(y) = -2sin((x + y) / 2)sin((x - y) / 2)
