Basic Sketching, Outlining
and Shading Techniques
Module 4.4
DRAWING
One of the most effective ways used to communicate,
convey, and explain creative ideas.
A way of expressing ideas or concepts through the use of pen, crayon, or other drawing
implements.
What is the message conveyed by the given pictures?
What are the importance of drawing?
Types of Drawing
Freehand Drawing Mechanical Drawing
Made in perspective as seen in by A technical interpretation of
the artist’s eyes and done by hand how an output or a product
without using any tools or aids. should be done.
Materials
1. PENCIL
Drawing pencils are manufactured in various grades of hardness or
softness. The harder the pencil, the lighter is the line it produces.
Soft-lead
pencil is
used for
shading.
Hard-lead
pencil is used
for drawing
precise thin
lines
2. PAPER
Drawing paper affects the quality of your drawing.
Sketchpad/book – easy to carry
Mural paper –
long, rolled
paper that can be
hanged on a
wall.
3. ERASER
Used to remove errors in drawing
Rubber eraser Gum eraser Kneaded eraser
a hard eraser. This Softer than rubber. It Soft and can be easily
should be used lightly tends to fall apart but bended or twisted. It
and slowly so as not helps to absorb pencil lifts pigment off the
to damage the paper. marks and do not tear surface leaving the
the paper. surface undamaged.
INITIAL STEPS
to DRAWING
1. SKETCHING
A rapidly executed freehand rough drawing that represents the
main features of an object or scene. (Light pencil marks only)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewMksAbgdBI
2. OUTLINING
A technique where visible edges of the object are shown by the
medium to heavy lines with varied thickness.
3. SHADING
Process of making visible surfaces of an object appear in a variety of
values such as light, medium, dark, white, or black. It makes the
drawing 3D. Start with light strokes then build up to darken the
shade. Do not press the pencil hard.
Middle tone
Middle tone
✓Portion directly exposed to the
sunlight.
✓Most well-lighted
✓Moderately lighted.
✓Between shadows and highlight.
Middle tone
✓Darkest area because light can no
longer reach the form to illuminate it.
✓Near the shadow.
✓It bounces into the shadow and
lighten its value.
✓Shadow on the surface that the
object rest on.
✓Object blocks the light from the
light source.
Middle tone
✓Quick back-and-
forth motion with
the pencil.
✓Great for doing
sketches which does
not require much
detail.
✓Alternate set of lines
on top of each other
in opposite pattern.
✓The closer the
darker.
✓Has soft and realistic
effect.
✓Wipe tissue or cloth
over the shaded area
to create smooth
shading effect.
✓Use dots instead of
lines.
-END-
