INTERNET BASICS
Lecture 2
COE 201- Computer Proficiency
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Outline
Internet & History of Computer
Networks
TCP/IP Protocol
Internet Evolution
Internet Basics
Web Browser
IP Address
Domain Name
Firewall and VPN
3 Evolution of Computer Networks
What is internet ?
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The Internet is a global network of billions of computers
and other electronic devices. With the Internet, it's
possible to access almost any information, communicate
with anyone else in the world, and do much more.
You can do all of this by connecting a computer to the
Internet, which is also called going online. When
someone says a computer is online, it's just another way
of saying it's connected to the Internet.
History of Computer Networks
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Started in Late 60s
Purpose : Connect several computer together so as to achieve number of
goals:
Exchanging messages
Sharing some information
Problem :
All the computers in a specific network had to be of the same type or from the same
vendor.
These small networks emerged in different labs and organizations like small islands.
History of Computer Networks
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As the requirement of the people grew in time, they felt the necessity to
connect these networks together.
There has to be a common standard that would allow all the computers across
this network to communicate among themselves.
This common standard is called TCP/IP
TCP and IP are separate protocols that work
together to ensure data is delivered to its intended
destination within a network
History of the Internet
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1950– ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) started to network a number
of computers.
1970 – ARPANET started to create a standard which is basically the predecessor
to the TCP standard that we have today. It was a preliminary protocol.
1971 – Universities were added to the network.Telnet and FTP are available.
1972 – First electronic mail message sent.
1983 – Internet now in place. TCP/IP standardized
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Internet Basics
Internet Basics
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URL
Uniform Resource Locator
Unique address of any web document/page
Also called domain name or internet address
Is entered in the address bar in your browser
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Internet Basics
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To Browse
Follow links in a page/ discover websites and their content.
Usually used like "I browse some sites" or "I'm surfing on the net"
Downloads
A file (data) you have transferred from another computer system to your
computer system over the internet
Links
Aka Hyperlink
Links one electronic document to another
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Web Browser
Web
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The World Wide Web—usually called the Web for short—
is a collection of different websites you can access through
the Internet. A website is made up of related text, images,
and other resources. Websites can resemble other forms of
media—like newspaper articles or television programs—
or they can be interactive in a way that's unique to
computers.
The purpose of a website can be almost anything: a news
platform, an advertisement, an online library, a forum for
sharing images, or an educational site like us!
Web Browser
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Makes the content on the internet viewable
Just keep in mind that the web browser itself is not the
Internet; it only displays websites that are stored on the
Internet.
Example
Internet Explorer (IE)
Mozilla Firefox
Opera
Google Chrome
Safari
Basic Components
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1. Arrow Buttons. These two arrows navigate the browser back (the left arrow) to a previously
viewed webpage or forward (the right arrow) to more currently viewed webpages.
2. Refresh Button. This button reloads a webpage.
3. New Tab Button. Opens a new page in the same window when selected.
4. Address Bar. This text field on a browser that identifies the webpage URL currently being
viewed in a browser window.
5. Resizing and Closing Buttons. These buttons allow a user to change the size of a browser
window, minimize it or close it
6. Menu Button. In Chrome, the menu is indicated by three vertical dots in the upper right corner
of the browser window (Edge uses three horizontal dots; Firefox uses three stacked horizontal
lines). Once the menu button is selected a dropdown menu will appear.
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TCP/IP PROTOCOL
Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP
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Transmission Central Protocol/Internet Protocol.
Common standard that binds all the network together.
All the message exchanges that go on the internet, they use the syntax of the
format of the TCP/IP.
If your computer understands TCP/IP, it could be part of the network (Internet).
Typical Protocol
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Protocol name Usage
HTTP Browsing webpages
FTP Downloading/ Uploading files
SMTP Sending e-mail
POP3 Receiving e-mail
Telnet Remote access
IRC Chatting
IP Address
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Internet Protocol address is a specific numerical address that identifies
the location of a server or individual computer on the internet.
Similar to a postal street address in the real world where the internet
would be the streets and highways, and the IP address would be a
house/business address in a specific country, state, city, town, etc.
IP Address
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Internet Protocol address is a specific numerical address that identifies
the location of a server or individual computer on the internet.
Similar to a postal street address in the real world where the internet
would be the streets and highways, and the IP address would be a
house/business address in a specific country, state, city, town, etc.
IP Address
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+961 1 123456 106.168.12.16
Country Network
Area Subnet
Sub Area Host
Subscriber
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Domain Name
Domain Name
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Part of the URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Between “www.” and thefirst “/”.
Example: http://www.google.com/search..., “google.com” is
the domain name.
Has a suffix that indicates the purpose this domain is used.
Because the internet is IP addressed based, not domain
names, every web server requires a Domain Name System
(DNS)
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Firewall
What is Firewall?
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A firewall is a network security device that monitors
incoming and outgoing network traffic and decides
whether to allow or block specific traffic based on a
defined set of security rules
A firewall can be hardware, software, software-as-a
service (SaaS), public cloud, or private cloud (virtual).
Firewall
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Firewalls control the flow of network traffic
Firewalls have applicability in networks where there is no
internet connectivity
Firewalls operate on number of layers
Can also act as VPN gateways
Active content filtering technologies
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VPN
Virtual Private Network
VPN
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Virtual Private Network
VPN is used to provide secure network links across
networks
VPN is constructed on top of existing network media and
protocols
On protocol level IPsec is the first choice
Other protocols are PPTP, L2TP
VPN vs. Firewall
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Firewall VPN
Prevent cyber attacks by buildings Keep your location unknown to
a strong protective wall to protect others and create a proxy
users’ confidential data network for a secure connection.
can only create a layer of Allow you to access the restricted
restrictions that you have sites with a secure connection
accessed.
Use your choice to block access to One can access the same site over
certain sites a long period of time
Focus on blocking websites Focuses on a private connection
VPN
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