Chapter 2: Conditional Statements
Level: 1A
Algorithmic and programming team
AY: 2023/2024
Goals
By the end of this chapter, the student will be able to:
• Know and apply conditional statements if ... else and nested if.
• Know and apply the conditional statement switch.
2
Outline
• Introduction
• The if.... else ... statement
• The "nested if"
• The switch statement ...
3
Introduction
• We want to write a program that calculates the total price of printers order.
1. The unit price of a printer is 120dt. false
condition
2. For 5 printers purchased, the unit price becomes 85 d.
true
We must calculate the amount to pay: quantity * unit price 85 * Number 120 * Number
the unit price is variable and depends on the quantity
the treatment must therefore carry out a test on the number of printers
using
conditional statements
4
The if ... else statement
Condition = Logical expression
if (Condition) single or combined.
Examples: (A <B), (M> 10.0), (Delta <= 0),
{ ((Age> 18) && (Avg> = 14.0))
...
"If" ...
block Treatment to be performed if the condition is true(any
} value ≠ 0). At the end of the processing, there is a jump
else after the else part.
{
...
... Treatment to be performed if the condition is false
(value = 0).
}
"else " block
5
Optional
Example 1
6
Example 2
Write a program that displays the maximum of two given integers.
7
Example 2 (solution)
First method:
"If"
block
"else"
Block
8
Example 2 (solution)
Second method:
if without
else
9
The if ... else statement
❑ The condition must be between parentheses
❑ It is possible to define several conditions using the logical operators AND and
OR (&& and ||)
❑ For example, the following instruction tests whether both conditions are true:
if ((condition1)&&(condition2))
❑ The following statement will execute the statements if at least one of the two
conditions is true:
if ((condition1)||(condition2))
10
Exercises 1 and 2 from the series of exercise
11
"Nested if"
if (condition1)
list of instructions 1
else
if ( condition2)
list of instructions 2
else
if (condition3)
list of instructions 3
else
if (condition N)
list of instructions N
else
list of instructions N + 1
12
Example 3
13
Exercise 4 from the series of exercise
14
15
The switch statement
Only integer expressions are allowed: int, short, long
switch (Expression) or char.
{
case val1:… Val1, val2,… must be constants of the same type as
... Expression.
break;
case val2:… Mandatory in order to do not enter in the
Next « case »
...
break;
case val3:
...
break; Executed when none of the preceding « cases » is
default:… true
}
16
Rules for using the statement 'Switch Case' in C programming
1. Each " Case " must be unique.
2. The " Case " must be a constant / expression of constant.
3. The " Case " must have the integer type (integer, character).
4. Switch case must have at most one default case .
5. " Default " is optional.
6. " Default " can be placed anywhere in the instruction switch.
7. The break statement; ends the execution of the instruction switch.
8. Two or more "cases" can share a single break statement;
9. The switches nested are allowed.
10. Relational operators are not allowed in the Switch statement.
11. The constants are authorized in the instruction switch Case.
17
Rrule 1: The 'case' label must be unique
int id = 3;
switch (id)
{
case 1:
printf(« C Programming Language");
break;
case 2:
printf("C ++ Programming Language");
break;
case 2:
printf("Web Technology");
break;
default:
printf("No student found");
break;
}
18
Rule 2: 'Case' must be a constant /
expression of constants
case 1 + 1:
case 'A':
case 67:
⇒These examples are allowed. However, variables are not allowed in label cases.
case var :
case num1 :
case n1 + n2 :
19
Rule 3: 'Case' must have the integer type (integer or
Character)
case 10:
case 20 + 20:
case 'A':
case 'a':
Float numbers are not allowed
case 10.12:
case 7.5:
20
Rule 4: 'Switch case' must have at most one default case
switch (roll)
{
case 1:
printf("C Programming Language");
break;
case 2:
printf("C ++ Programming Language");
break;
case 3:
printf("Web Technology");
break;
default:
printf("Default Version 1");
break;
default:
printf("Default Version 2");
break;
}
21
Rule 5: "Default" is optional
switch (roll)
{
case 1:
printf("C Programming Language");
break;
case 2:
printf("C ++ Programming Language");
break;
case 3:
printf("Web Technology");
break;
}
-> Instruction default is optional. It can be omitted.
22
Rule 6: "Default" can be placed anywhere in
the switch statement.
switch (roll)
{
case 1:
printf("C Programming Language");
break;
default:
printf("No Student Found");
break;
case 2:
printf("C ++ Programming Language");
break;
case 3:
printf("Web Technology");
break;
}
23
Rule 7: The break statement; ends the execution of
the switch statement.
#include <stdio.h>
main ()
{char grade;
printf ("Enter your current letter grade \ n");
grade = getchar (); • If the entered value of grade = 'A'
switch (grade) • output:
{
case ('A'): Good Job!
printf ("Good Job! \ N"); Pretty good.
Better get to work.
case ('B') : You are in trouble.
printf ("Pretty good. \ N"); You are failing!
case ('C'):
printf ("Better get to work. \ N"); Note: The entry ('A') corresponds to the first case but all
the instructions of the switch are executed.
case ('D'):
printf ("You are in trouble. \ N");
default:
printf ("You are failing !! \ n");
} / * End of switch-case statement* /
} / * End of main program 24
Rule 8: Two or more " cases" can share a
single break statement;
switch (alpha)
{
case 'a':
case 'A':
printf("Alphabet A");
break;
case 'b':
case 'B':
printf("Alphabet B");
break;
}
25
Rule 9: Nested switches are allowed
switch (alpha)
{case 'a':
case 'A':
printf("Alphabet A");
break;
case 'b':
case 'B':
switch (beta)
{...
}
break;
}
26
Rule 10: Relational operators are not allowed in the
Switch statement
switch (num)
{
case >15:
printf("Number> 15");
break;
case =15:
printf("Number = 15");
break;
case <15:
printf("Number <15");
break;
} 27
Rule 11: Constants are allowed in the Switch Case
statement.
int const var = 2;
switch (num)
{
case var:
printf("Number = 2");
break;
}
28
Exercises 6 and 7 from the series of exercise
29
