INTRODUCTION

Literature adalah a pure product of human imaginative thinking which can be in the form of oral
or creative writing. Literary works themselves can be a space for humans who want to express their
thoughts accompanied by beautiful language in every word and sentence. Literary is fiction, which is in
this view explained that literature is distinguished by a set of conventions according to which readers
accept that what they are reading is not literally true. Rather than describing or analyzing something in
the real world, literature is primarily a work of imagination (buku literature smt 3). Literature is
imagination and creativity; literature as writing that is not just the reporting of facts, but in which things
are created or ‘made up’. Usually, in fact, a kind of fiction. (buku smt 3). Literary as an art, there by
leaving open the question of its being written or oral. This definition further narrows its meaning,
equating literature to works of the imagination or creative writing.(buku smt 3 or 4). Some literary works
includes poetry, prose, short story, novel, drama as a performing and so on. In this case, the researcher
analyze the form of words in literary work, novel. The novel is one of the literary works that is liked by
readers because it is a literary work whose writing or composition originates from the author’s own
creativity and imagination, which cannot be separated from events that occur in real life. Novels are
longer in terms of writing than other literary works because in the writer’s mind they are allowed to
explore as widely as possible in creating a series of story lines in them. According to Nurgiyantoro that
cited in Novita et al (2022), the novel is a work of fiction that offers a world, a world that contains an
idealized life model, an imaginative world, which is built through various elements such as characters
(characterization), and conflicts that occur in literary work. A novel is a work of fiction that presents an
imaginative story supported by intrinsic elements, such as characters, plot, setting, point of view, and so
on.

Based on the explanation of the novel, there is one main element in the novel, namely character.
Characters in a novel are one of the ways the author channels what he wants to convey in his
imaginative thoughts which have been created and arranged with his creative thinking. Through
characters, it can be identified what things or situations occur in the novel by paying attention to their
personality and behavior. So In this research, the researcher focuses on the main character that
becomes the researcher's aim. The research uses Sigmund Freud's theory, which is called the
psychoanalysis theory that was created by himself. Psychoanalysis discusses a person's mentality and
thoughts. According to Siswantoro that cited in Alfadilah (2022), argues that literature psychology
studies certain psychological phenomena experienced by the main character in a literary work when the
character encounters the environment and himself with the psychological signs.

Freud argued that in this psychoanalysis he found several things that happened, such as the pressure of
incestuous desires which they unconsciously refused to face and could be because fantasy and wishful
thinking, not just actual experience, played a big role in the emergence of neurosis. In Sigmund Freud’s
theory, there is the tripartite model or structural model. This model divides the psyche into three parts :
id, ego, and superego. The first part, Id is the irrational, instinctual, unknown, and unconscious part of
the psyche. it contained secret desires, darkest wishes, and more intense fears, the id wishes only to
fulfill the urges of the pleasure principle and also the id operates on impulse, wanting immediate
satisfaction for all its instinctual desires. The second part of the psyche Freud is ego, that is the rational,
logical, waking part of the mind, although many of its activities remain in the unconscious. Ego was
operates in harmony with the reality principle. So, it is the ego’s job to regulate the instinctual desires of
the id and to allow these desires to be released in nondestructive ways. The third part of the psyche is
superego, that is it operates according to the morality principle and serves primarily to protect society
from the id. Superego serves as a filtering agent, suppressing the desires and instincts forbidden by
society and thrusting them back into the unconscious.(buku mam iin)

For the reason of researcher choose to analyze novel, because it will make the researcher can know and
train the brain to analyze critically about the psychoanalysis theory, especially to know the appearing of
id, ego, and superego that occurred in the novel that will be analyzed. For the entitled of novel is
“you've reached Sam”. The novel was released in 2021. For the writer is Dustin Thao. He is a Vietnamese
American writer. The novel entitled “You've Reached Sam” is a wonderful literary work about teenagers
dealing with grief and loss. In the novel, it told about seventeen year old Julie struggling to readjust after
losing her boyfriend Sam suddenly. In a moment of desperation to hear his voice again, Julie dialed
Sam's number and was surprised and delighted when he answered the phone. The objective of this
research is to describe or analyzed the personality’s structure of the main character, named Julie in
novel entitled “you’ve reached Sam” especially in finding Sigmund Freud's personality structure which
includes the id, ego and superego from the main character.

METHODOLOGY (300 : RESEARCH TYPE, THE DATA COLLECTION, DATA ANALYISIS METHOD)

In this point, the researcher will describe the research methodology used to complete this research. In
the methodology, it explained including research type, the data collection, and data analysis method.
The researcher used a qualitative method. The qualitative method will be used for this research,
because it will be easier to describe the personality’s structure of the main character, named Julie in
novel entitled “you’ve reached Sam” especially in finding Sigmund Freud's personality structure which
includes the id, ego and superego from the main character. According to Sugiyono (2018) Qualitative
research is more descriptive and does not make generalizations but emphasizes the depth of
information so that it reaches the level of meaning where meaning is the data behind the visible. For
method of collecting data, there are two kinds of data are collected in this research, that is the primary
data and the secondary data. The primary data in this research is a novel by Dustin Thao entitled You’ve
Reached Sam. Then, to support and add more information the primary data of this study, the researcher
also used secondary data including read the Indonesian version of the novel, read books, journals,
articles, and previous researchers that are related with the theme of this study, which is an analysis of
id, ego, and superego of main character in the novel entitled You’ve reached Sam. After collecting the
data, the researcher conducted method of analyzing data. The researcher analyzed the intrinsic element
of fiction, novel. It focused on the main character in the novel entitled You’ve Reached Sam. The
researcher also using some steps in analyzing the data. For the first, researcher read the novel entitled
You’ve Reached Sam. Then, mark the sentence and make notes for the page in the novel that contained
id, ego, and superego. After that, identify and describe or analyze the data that found in novel, such as it
included id, ego, and superego. Last, the researcher make the conclusion based on the finding.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION (1800 = 10 DATA)

CONCLUSION (200 = DECSRIBE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY)

This point discuss about the conclusion of this research. This research using Psychoanalysis theory by
Sigmund Freud to describe or analyzed the personality’s structure of the main character, named Julie in
novel entitled “you’ve reached Sam” especially in finding Sigmund Freud's personality structure which
includes the id, ego and superego from the main character. The Id is described with kesenangan yang
mendorong seseorang untuk melakukan apa yang diinginkan. For the Id, Julie’s Id digambarkan melalui
keinginannya yang selalu ingin terhubung dengan Sam setelah dia menemukan kesempatan kedua bisa
berbicara dengan Sam. Dia sangat senang dengan hal yang terjadi padanya.

The Ego seperti menjadi penengah yang berada diantara id dan superego. Ego seperti membiarkan
seseorang bingung dalam memutuskan sesuatu. For the Julie’s ego, itu digambarkan dengan
kebingungan yang terkadang datang menghantui dia, yaitu apakah dia yang harus menghubungi Sam
dulu atau tidak. Karena di setiap waktu, dia selalu memikirkan Sam. Dalam pikirannya hanya dipenuhi
dengan kesenangan yang muncul dalam hidupnya karena akhirnya dia bisa terhubung kembali dengan
orang yang selama ini dia rindukan.

The Superego is mengacu pada prinsip moralitas dan berfungsi melindungi seseorang dari Id. For the
Julie’s superego, itu digambarkan dengan dia yang ingat akan janjinya dengan Sam yang dimana dia
harus menahan untuk tidak menghubungi Sam dulu, karena ada salah satu part dimana antara Julie dan
Sam yang sudah terhubung kembali, lalu mereka membuat janji supaya Sam yang menghubungi Julie.
Jadinya Julie dengan sabar menunggu panggilan dari Sam
REFERENCES :

JGN LUPA (SUGIYANTO DI ARTIKEL : CARI LAGI)