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Biology Document

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, essential for life on Earth. It involves key components like chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide, and occurs in two main stages: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. This process not only provides energy and glucose for plants but also releases oxygen and contributes to carbon cycling in the environment.

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12 views1 page

Biology Document

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, essential for life on Earth. It involves key components like chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide, and occurs in two main stages: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle. This process not only provides energy and glucose for plants but also releases oxygen and contributes to carbon cycling in the environment.

Uploaded by

abhishek verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Biology Document

Topic: Photosynthesis

Page 1: Introduction to Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and
some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose. This
process is crucial for life on Earth as it provides the primary source of energy for nearly all organisms.

Key Components:

• Chlorophyll: The green pigment in plants that captures light energy.

• Light Energy: The energy from the sun that drives the photosynthesis process.

• Water (H2O): Absorbed by roots and transported to leaves.

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Taken from the air through tiny openings called stomata.

Chemical Equation:

6CO2+6H2O+light energy⟶C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O + light \ energy \longrightarrow


C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2

Carbon dioxide + water + light energy produces glucose + oxygen.

Page 2: Stages of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis occurs in two main stages: the light-dependent
reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).

1. Light-Dependent Reactions:

• Occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.

• Use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH.

• Water molecules are split, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

2. Calvin Cycle (Light-Independent Reactions):

• Occur in the stroma of chloroplasts.

• Use ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

• Glucose is either used immediately by the plant for energy or stored as starch.

Importance of Photosynthesis:

• Energy Source: Provides energy for nearly all living organisms.

• Oxygen Production: Releases oxygen into the atmosphere, which is essential for respiration.

• Carbon Cycling: Helps in the cycling of carbon in the environment.

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