First-hand knowledge.

Reading Sample
This sample chapter provides an overview of the analytics capabilities
of SAP S/4HANA Cloud. The chapter explains the main concepts distin-
guishing embedded analytics and side-by-side analytics, followed by
an overview of the main personas and the analytics functionality that
supports them. Finally, it conclude with information on the architec-
ture of SAP S/4HANA Cloud analytics and integration with other SAP
Analytics solutions.

“Analytics"

Contents

Index

The Authors

Saueressig, Gilg, Grigoleit, Shah, Podbicanin, Homann

SAP S/4HANA Cloud: An Introduction
538, Pages, 2nd, updated and revised edition, 2022, $79.95
ISBN 978-1-4932-2210-0

www.sap-press.com/5457
 Chapter 5
Analytics
SAP S/4HANA Cloud comes with embedded analytics capabilities to
integrate transactional and analytical operations in one database. 5
These capabilities are complemented by enterprise analytics to support
scenarios for data warehousing, business intelligence, enterprise
planning, and augmented analytics by integrating analytics solutions
like SAP Analytics Cloud.

This chapter is an overview of the analytics capabilities available with SAP S/4HANA
Cloud. You’ll learn how these capabilities can help users collect the right insights and
trigger the right actions. The chapter explains the main concepts distinguishing
embedded analytics and side-by-side analytics, followed by an overview of the main
personas and the analytics functionality that supports them. Finally, we’ll conclude
with information on the architecture of SAP S/4HANA Cloud analytics and integration
with other SAP Analytics solutions.

5.1 Embedded Analytics and Enterprise Analytics

Modern business software like SAP S/4HANA Cloud is intended to holistically support
business processes in order to make them more efficient, more effective, more agile,
and in general more intelligent. Delivering on those promises means translating them
into concrete features and qualities of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution
that organizations want, such as the following:
쐍 Integrating transactional and analytical operations in one database
Why should transferring data to another place be necessary just to run an analytical
query on it?
쐍 Providing insights and analysis based on real-time data
Why should users accept looking at outdated data, which focuses on the problems of
yesterday instead of today?
쐍 Ensure a consistent look and feel for the solution across various modules and
roles and between various analytical and transactional activities
Why should the look and feel of a table that shows transactional data be different
from a grid that displays the result set of an analytical query?

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5 Analytics 5.1 Embedded Analytics and Enterprise Analytics

쐍 Providing information based on real-time, operational data with embedded SAP Analytics solutions
SAP S/4HANA Cloud
machine learning at crucial steps in the business process
Why should a business process be interrupted for a decision to be made when deci-
sion support based on machine learning can help ensure smooth continuous opera-
tions?
Embedded analytics, enabled by SAP Fiori and SAP Analytics solutions:
쐍 Enabling extensibility options for extending the delivered solution in any direc- ƒSAP Fiori for the business user 5
SAP Analytics Cloud, for
ƒSAP Fiori for the analytics specialist Real-time access to data in enterprise planning and
tion while attending to business-specific ways of value creation and process SAP S/4HANA Cloud data replication business intelligence
of data in SAP S/4HANA Cloud
design (both using the virtual data model)
Spend off- Incoming sales PO average Non-managed …. SAP BW/4HANA and
Why should companies wait for another report to be shipped by a software vendor contract order delivery time purchasing spend SAP Data Warehouse
Cloud
when creating it tailor-made to their own organization’s needs is significantly faster
SAP S/4HANA Cloud – Virtual data model
and less work than negotiating with the software vendor?
SAP HANA database
SAP HANA database
SAP S/4HANA Cloud is ready to deliver these qualities, enabled by the following main
technical ingredients:
Figure 5.1 Analytics Ingredients of SAP S/4HANA Cloud
쐍 The SAP HANA database, which provides real-time access to data, an in-memory
analytics execution engine, and built-in machine learning capabilities
쐍 The SAP Fiori user experience (UX), described in detail in Chapter 4, Section 4.1, that 5.1.1 Embedded Analytics Enabled by SAP Fiori and SAP Analytics Cloud
unifies the look and feel across transactional and analytical activities of the user and Our experience, gained over many years of discussing analytics with many companies,
brings into one user interface (UI) supporting functions such as intent-based naviga- has revealed that no one-size-fits-all approach can address all the various analytics
tion, enterprise search, digital assistants, personalization, and a blending of transac- needs of all users. Instead, analytics in the context of business software is a multifac-
tional and analytical parts eted, complex topic that must address a multitude of different work styles, use cases,
쐍 SAP Analytics Cloud, embedded edition, for premium analytical features such as and requirements and must be adaptable to the needs of different industries, geogra-
dashboards and multidimensional reports, which avoids additional hassle because phies, local rules, and the often highly individual ways in which enterprises run their
the entire setup and lifecycle of the integration is automated and managed by SAP value-creation processes.
쐍 Integration with other SAP solutions and especially with analytics offerings from However, over the years, certain patterns for addressing those complex needs have
SAP related to data warehousing evolved. Table 5.1 lists some common examples.

As shown in Figure 5.1, the high-level analytics strategy for SAP S/4HANA Cloud and all Use Case and Requirements Analytical Solution
its ingredients allows you to achieve the following goals:
A quick overview of a larger number of cer- List and filter apps that allow you to set filters
쐍 Provide embedded insights within the solution to optimally support business users tain business objects and their attributes, and sort data and perhaps provide drilldown
in defined business processes with decision support and the most relevant informa- such as a list of sales orders and their sta- capabilities from an entry in the list to fur-
tion at their fingertips tuses, values, customers, and contact persons ther details.
쐍 Integrate SAP S/4HANA Cloud into the enterprise intelligence offerings such as SAP Output and provisioning of data in a highly Pixel-perfect reports, which can be designed
Analytics Cloud and SAP BW/4HANA formatted publication, such as financial by combining the data from the backend sys-
쐍 Provide real-time access to solution data as well as replicating and perhaps blending reports for consumption by investors as PDFs tem with formatting options similar to other
or printouts software solutions for word processing, pre-
data with multiple other sources for end-to-end (E2E) enterprise intelligence
sentations, or spreadsheets.
In the following sections, we’ll explore how SAP provides significant value when using
Table 5.1 Analytical Use Cases and Respective Solutions
SAP S/4HANA Cloud through a combination of embedded analytics, enabled by SAP
Fiori and SAP Analytics solutions, and enterprise analytics, using the full set of solu-
tions provided by the SAP Analytics portfolio.

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5 Analytics 5.1 Embedded Analytics and Enterprise Analytics

Use Case and Requirements Analytical Solution Use Case and Requirements Analytical Solution

Explorative analysis of multidimensional Apps based on pivot tables, as known from Rule-based decision automation and excep- Situation Handling apps, which can automati-
data, often without a defined goal in mind, spreadsheet solutions. These allow users to tion handling cally detect critical business situations based
such as detecting patterns in yield and scrap display data with multiple lead columns, on manually created situation templates or
data for various plants, materials, and the multiple header columns, and automated by using machine learning algorithms to
production line over time subtotal calculations as well as enabling fil- derive critical situations for data of past 5
tering, slice-and-dice operations, and drill- events. In addition, these apps suggest ade-
down capabilities, allowing you to navigate quate follow-up actions based on the analy-
from a cell in the pivot table grid to further sis of previous user decisions.
details.
Table 5.1 Analytical Use Cases and Respective Solutions (Cont.)
A quick and holistic overview about a pro- Embedded dashboards with multiple pages,
cess, a department, or a line of business bringing together data from various LOBs or
Let’s look at the real people for whom such use cases are relevant in their daily work
(LOB), perhaps for assessing the overall situa- even various solutions.
tion and potential issues in the order-to-cash
and examine a few examples where SAP S/4HANA Cloud delivers functionality to
process address typical analytical use cases:
쐍 A material planner is responsible for stock availability analysis for just-in-time (JIT)
Decision support in E2E business processes, Hybrid analytical-transactional apps that pro-
such as dealing with blocked orders vide analytical information and visualiza- calls of components and therefore needs to view the mapping of requested compo-
tions in the same place where corrective nents to JIT calls. For the necessary alignment with shipping specialists, transport
action can be triggered, based on the deci- planners, and production planners, access to real-time information for accurate
sions made by a business user. decisions is needed. The SAP Fiori app in SAP S/4HANA Cloud for this purpose is the
Sharing insights based on data in an ERP In-place analytical apps and add-ins in office Stock Availability Analysis for Just-In-Time Calls app (F3923).
application with colleagues that have no software—such as spreadsheets, word pro- 쐍 A collection supervisor who wants to assign new collection cases to colleagues in the
access to this system, such as sharing project cessing, or presentation software—with collections team needs information on the values of open cases and the remaining
profitability analysis with consultants direct access to real-time data on the ERP capacity of the team before making an informed decision. The SAP Fiori app in SAP
backend.
S/4HANA Cloud for this purpose is the Supervise Collections Worklist app (F2375).
Real-time overview of crucial key perfor- KPI framework that provides a central KPI cat- 쐍 A salesclerk responsible for resolving blocked orders needs criteria such as the order
mance indicators (KPIs) including status indi- alog and the option to visualize the highly value, the expected profit, and a prediction of a customer’s payment behavior to
cation and alerting condensed information represented by a
decide which orders to focus on. On the basis of this information, the salesclerk
KPI’s values, status, and trend information in
might increase a customer’s credit limit to unblock an order. The SAP Fiori app in
various places of the UI, with progressive dis-
closure of more and more detailed data. SAP S/4HANA Cloud for this purpose is the Sales Order Fulfillment Issues app
(F0029A).
Proactively understanding potential sources Embedded predictive apps that come with
쐍 An inventory manager needs real-time data to ensure forecast and inventory accu-
of future issues predefined machine learning models, trained
by your organization on its own data. racy and must deal with outliers on a stock identifier level. The SAP Fiori app in SAP
S/4HANA Cloud for this purpose is the Inventory KPI Analysis app (F3749).
Planning and simulation on self-defined data Planning and simulation apps based on a
structures that are not necessarily identical planning platform that offers the modeling These examples represent only a tiny fraction of the more than 400 predefined analyt-
to the operational data tables of adequate data structures for planning as ical applications in SAP S/4HANA Cloud. A person responsible for a task relies on the
well as the back-and-forth integration with availability of context-dependent, aggregated information for making correct deci-
the business data of the ERP backend.
sions. Providing such information on the fly is the main purpose of the embedded ana-
Table 5.1 Analytical Use Cases and Respective Solutions (Cont.) lytics infrastructure in SAP S/4HANA Cloud.

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5 Analytics 5.1 Embedded Analytics and Enterprise Analytics

What all these examples have in common is that they are all integral parts of the 쐍 For on-premise use, SAP also offers the SAP Business Planning and Consolidation
embedded analytics functionality of SAP S/4HANA Cloud. In this context, embedded (SAP BPC) application and the SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence (BI) suite,
refers to the following qualities: as well as popular products such as SAP Analysis for Microsoft Office and SAP
쐍 Embedded on the database level Lumira.
No separate analytical storage of data, access only to real-time live data (the analyti-
SAP Analytics
cal data is transactional data), and necessary transformations are performed 5
Business Intelligence Enterprise Planning Augmented Analytics
through the virtual data model (VDM)
SAP Analytics Cloud
쐍 Embedded on the UI level
Using the same UI technology (and sometimes even the same UI screen) to render SAP Data Warehouse Cloud
Run the Business
Grow the Business
Steering Excellence E2E
transactional data and analytical information Analytics, Harmonize Data SAP Analytics (on premise) SAP Data Warehousing (on-premise) Plan, Predict, Innovate

쐍 Embedded into business processes BI Planning SAP BW/4HANA

Packaged Data
Role-based access to analytical artifacts, using intent-based navigation and thus SAP Warehouse app
BusinessObjects SAP Business
implementing an insight-to-action working style BI Suite Planning and
SAP HANA
Consolidation
Native SQL Data
Warehouse
In addition, SAP S/4HANA Cloud of course allows you to create your own analytical arti-
facts for any type of report or KPI.
Figure 5.2 Enterprise Analytics Offerings from SAP

5.1.2 Enterprise Analytics Using SAP Analytics Solutions These solutions consume data from SAP S/4HANA Cloud and other software either
With so many analytical features available as part of the embedded analytics in SAP remotely through live connections or by replicating the data into an adequate data
S/4HANA Cloud, an often-asked question is whether additional analytics solutions are storage. Thus, many additional analytics use cases can be implemented that would oth-
still needed. The answer to this question is a clear “Yes.” erwise not be available with embedded analytics, such as the following:

In contrast to embedded analytics, enterprise analytical applications are built and 쐍 Cross-application analytics
deployed independently of SAP S/4HANA Cloud, generally on dedicated analytical plat- Reports and dashboards that combine data from multiple different business solu-
forms like SAP Business Warehouse, SAP Analytics Cloud, and SAP Data Warehouse tions
Cloud. These kinds of solutions complement SAP S/4HANA Cloud’s embedded analyt- 쐍 Historized data (also known as enterprise memory)
ics features and can be grouped into the following areas: Taking data snapshots and storing high volumes of time series data for occasional
쐍 Data warehousing and data management long-term analysis

쐍 Business intelligence 쐍 Planning on self-defined data structures

Top-down enterprise planning, typically using aggregated, managerial levels for cap-
쐍 Enterprise planning
turing the plan data instead of operational planning on the document level
쐍 Augmented analytics
쐍 Integration of SAP data into the customer-specific enterprise analytics architec-
Figure 5.2 shows an overview of SAP’s offerings in enterprise analytics: ture
쐍 SAP Analytics Cloud covers business intelligence, planning, and augmented analyt- Freedom of choice regarding the UI for visualizing the data, if a company has its own
ics. The latter uses machine learning technology to provide intuitive visualizations business intelligence solution, and freedom of choice regarding the storage of data
and additional artificial intelligence (AI)-generated insights to make the data easier A financial analytics dashboard in SAP Analytics Cloud, like the one shown in Figure 5.3,
to understand. provides a great example of the insights that can be achieved with enterprise analytics
쐍 Data management and data warehousing capabilities are provided through SAP as described.
Data Warehouse Cloud and SAP BW/4HANA.

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5 Analytics 5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

To systematically explain the rich feature set included in embedded analytics in SAP
S/4HANA Cloud, we must look at user roles that are in focus and at the main use cases
those user roles need support for. Therefore, the following sections first discuss the
specifics of the business user (which is not a business role in a technical sense but
5
rather a certain type of persona) and the analytics specialist (which is, in fact, delivered
as a business role template with SAP S/4HANA Cloud: SAP_BR_ANALYTICS_SPECIALIST). In
the same context, we’ll then provide an overview of the main features enabled by
embedded analytics.

5.2.1 Business User Persona

The best way to imagine a business user persona for embedded analytics is to think of
this person as someone like you or one of your colleagues: Every now and then during
your workday, you have to perform certain tasks in a solution like SAP S/4HANA Cloud.
Perhaps you need to check the salary of an employee, order new equipment, enter a
Figure 5.3 Financial Analytics Dashboard in SAP Analytics Cloud sales order, post a general ledger document, or review the budget situation of the cost
center you’re responsible for. Those tasks are usually a mix of activities that are trans-
This dashboard uses data from SAP S/4HANA Cloud and SAP SuccessFactors not only to actional (posting, approving, rejecting, entering, etc.) and analytical (reviewing, analyz-
show the data side-by-side in separate charts or tables, but also to calculate business ing, checking, etc.). In other words, business users are people who perform tasks in an
ratios such as Operating Expenses/FTE, where the numerator is based on data from SAP ERP application that are part of a business process.
S/4HANA Cloud and the denominator is based on data from SAP SuccessFactors solu- Analytical insights can be made available to users in a variety of ways. The analytical
tions. The data models needed to implement this logic and to semantically bring demands of user roles sometimes differ quite substantially, and so do the embedded
together the right data from both solutions reside in SAP Data Warehouse Cloud; the analytics offerings of SAP S/4HANA Cloud. For example, the needs of a manager role
visualization of the dashboard uses SAP Analytics Cloud. The required services to pro- usually involve highly condensed information, perhaps in the form of a KPI already
vide the data are implemented on the respective backends. displayed on the SAP Fiori launchpad. A manager might also need the status of the KPIs
For SAP S/4HANA Cloud, you’ll use analytical queries based on the core data services compared to a target value, trends in the KPI, and potentially further comparison val-
(CDS) in the ABAP programming language. These analytical queries provide the data in ues. This user role could drill down to a dashboard that shows detailed information
real time, without replication into SAP Data Warehouse Cloud. For SAP SuccessFactors about the KPI extrapolated into relevant dimensions (by time, organizational unit,
solutions, the data is provided through an Open Data Protocol (OData) service that rep- material, etc.) while also providing a comprehensive overview of a situation to the
licates data into SAP Data Warehouse Cloud. manager. In contrast, the needs of a person in a sales back office are quite different. To
This data lifecycle may seem rather complex, but we deliberately chose a complicated resolve blocked orders, this user role may also start with highly condensed information
example to prove that you can create new insights across solution boundaries even if in a KPI but then will quickly need to access potential blocking reasons and handle
neither complete semantical alignment of data nor a unified way of providing the data them. Handling in this case may include removing a billing block, changing a credit
exists, but you still need a smooth and insight-rich experience for the business user. limit, adding missing information to the delivery, and so on.

Now that we’ve explored the important differences between embedded analytics and In all of these cases, and many more, embedded analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud sup-
enterprise analytics and provided a high-level overview on their specific value, the fol- ports business users by providing the right information at the right time and the right
lowing section looks more deeply into the functionalities in embedded analytics for place, thereby increasing user productivity and overall process efficiency.
two main user types that are the focus of embedded analytics: the business user and Implementing embedded analytics from a UX perspective generally follows these guid-
the analytics specialist. ing principles:

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5 Analytics 5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

쐍 Information first and progressive disclosure

Inform the user as efficiently as possible and always offer additional information—
for example, by breaking down a number into relevant dimensions or by allowing
the user to navigate to other reports, including other KPI apps, such as the Spend
Variance app (F1377).
쐍 Insight to action 5
Wherever possible, provide the option to directly take action after the user makes a
decision based on the provided information. For example, let’s say a user needs to
assign a supplier as the source for purchase requisition. Allowing the user to directly
perform this task from within a chart displaying all possible suppliers, along with
their main KPIs, would be ideal, as is the case in the Manage Purchase Requisitions
app (F1048).
쐍 Exception-based working style
Show the user what really needs attention and help them avoid irrelevant data. This
principle is shown in the Supervise Collections Worklist app (F2375).

Figure 5.5 Generic Drilldown App for KPIs

5.2.2 Functions for Business Users
All these principles and business user requirements have found their way into the tools The generic drilldown app, which opens when clicking on a KPI tile, usually contains
and features that we’ll explore in the following sections. For each of these app types, several predefined views to help you analyze the KPI in more detail, such as through a
SAP S/4HANA Cloud comes with several predefined apps that address specific user disaggregation of the numbers into relevant dimensions. In the example shown in
needs and support certain process steps. As you’ll see in Section 5.2.3, you’ll also have Figure 5.5, the initial view enables you to drill down to the KPI by supplier. This pre-
access to all the tools you need to create your own custom apps, regardless of app type. defined KPI, the Spend Variance app (F1377), comes with further predefined views: By
Purchasing Category, By Material Group, By Purchasing Group, By Plant, By WBS Ele-
SAP Smart Business KPIs ment, By Cost Center, By Material, and Document. Even beyond these predefined views,
SAP Smart Business KPIs come with two main parts: special KPI tiles on the SAP Fiori a business user can change the drilldown capabilities of the KPI by whatever dimen-
launchpad, as shown in Figure 5.4, and a generic drilldown app that provides further sions are available in the underlying OData service. If the chart type needs to be
information on the KPI, as shown in Figure 5.5. changed, a user can select another type from the 30 available chart types. In addition to
the usual line, bar, and column charts, chart types include combined line-bar, com-
bined line-column, donut, pie, scatter plot, bubble, and waterfall charts, as well as sev-
eral stacked chart types, to name the most important chart types. If displaying the data
in a table is more appropriate, a user can switch from any chart type to display the data
in a table.
Following the insight-to-action principle, a user can navigate to other apps. Having
selected a certain data point in the chart or the table, additional navigation options are
available by clicking on the Open In... link in the lower right of the screen, shown in
Figure 5.5.
Various types of KPI tiles exist, ranging from a simple number tile to more complex,
wider tiles containing additional information. Status information is displayed through
the coloring of the numbers. This status is based on comparisons between actual values
Figure 5.4 KPI Tiles on SAP Fiori Launchpad and thresholds that can be set when configuring the KPI and can be personalized by

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5 Analytics 5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

saving a personal variant of the KPI. Threshold values can be given in absolute terms or 쐍 Incoming Sales Orders provides sales orders organized by number of orders or by
through a comparison to another calculated value (which must be available through net value. From this card, a user can navigate to the Sales Orders—Flexible Analysis
the same OData service that also supplies the actual KPI). As with all SAP Fiori launch- app.
pad tiles, KPI tiles can also be rearranged freely, be hidden, or be organized into other 쐍 Profit Margin shows a combination of net profit and net sales volume by month.
SAP Fiori launchpad groups or into the home group of the user. Clicking on the header opens the Sales Volume—Profit Margin app.
쐍 Incomplete Sales Documents shows the number of incomplete sales orders by inqui- 5
Overview Pages ries, quotations, orders, credit and debit memo requests, returns, orders without
An SAP Fiori overview page is a special type of SAP Fiori app. This kind of app comes charge, and contracts. Navigation from this card leads to the Incomplete Sales Docu-
with a predefined set of cards with different purposes. The data displayed on all the ments app.
cards of an overview page is determined by the filters set in the filter bar. From over- 쐍 Backorder Items lets a user find the status of items that are delayed, partially con-
view pages, based on the insight-to-action paradigm, users can also navigate to further firmed, and not confirmed, sorted by the most critical plants. Clicking on this card
apps, such as reports, KPI details, or transactional apps. The sequence of cards and navigates to the Sales Order Items—Backorders app.
which ones are shown or hidden can be saved, together with the selected filters, in a
쐍 Blocked Sales Orders shows a list of blocking reasons, the net number of blocked
personal view variant.
orders, and the number of affected sales orders by blocking reason.
쐍 Overdue Sales Orders provides a list of blocking reasons, this time for overdue sales
orders. Clicking on the header of the card or on a single line leads the user to the KPI
detail app that displays all blocking reasons or the blocking reason selected in the
card.
쐍 Customer Returns shows numbers for the net value of customer returns of the cur-
rent year compared to the net value of customer returns of the previous year. Click-
ing on this card navigates to the Customer Returns app.

In addition to the Sales Management Overview app, SAP S/4HANA Cloud comes with
more than 40 other predefined overview pages. Details about these apps, and all other
SAP Fiori apps, are available in the SAP Fiori apps reference library under https://fiori-
appslibrary.hana.ondemand.com.

Analytical List Pages

Another SAP Fiori app type is the analytical list page, shown in Figure 5.7. By combining
analytical elements, such as the visual filter bar and the chart area, with the direct
access to operational data on a document level in the lower section, this app type ide-
ally supports the information-first and insight-to-action principles and encourages an
exception-based working style. Therefore, the analytical list page is the right choice to
support users who work on large volumes of objects and who need powerful options to
analyze the overall situation before taking action.
Let’s look at some of the features of this type of app by exploring the Supervise Collec-
Figure 5.6 Overview Page Sales Management Overview
tions Worklist app (F2375), shown in Figure 5.7. This app was made for the role of the
accounts receivables manager and is included in the business role template SAP_BR_
Let’s demonstrate this capability by looking at the overview page of the Sales Manage-
AR_MANAGER. The app supports users in this role by helping to make sure that all cus-
ment Overview app (F2601), shown in Figure 5.6. The app comes as part of the sales
tomers with open collection items are assigned to a collection specialist. To do so, the
manager role (SAP_BR_SALES_MANAGER) and features seven predefined cards:

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5 Analytics 5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

collection supervisor or accounts receivable manager gets information about the cus- 쐍 Compact filters for defining complex filter conditions.
tomers that are not yet assigned, such as their status, their criticality, and the amounts 쐍 Visual filters, like those shown in Figure 5.7, for quick selection of data.
at stake. Thus, in the case of a shortage of collection specialists, the most important
쐍 Collapsing of the filter section or the chart to open more screen space.
items are assigned first (exception-based working and information-first principle).
쐍 Personalization options for the chart in the settings dialog.
쐍 Personalization of the table section, which includes the selection of visible columns,
5
sort orders, sequence of columns, grouping, and additional filters.
쐍 Saving of all settings in personalized views. Filter, chart, and table settings are all are
stored in variants. Independent of each other, table settings can be stored in a table
variant, chart settings in a chart variant, and the entire page setting in a page variant.
쐍 For chart and table settings, ability to make the saved views public, thus making
them available to all users of the same app.
쐍 Ability to make a specific variant the default to be initially shown when opening the
app.

Multidimensional Reports
The idea behind a multidimensional report is best explained as a highly elaborate pivot
table, much like those in common spreadsheet programs. Embedded analytics in SAP
S/4HANA Cloud provides a powerful pivot table–based app type that supports multiple
dimensions. It can be seen as the best solution for use cases that require you to arrange
and aggregate data in various ways. Flexible drilldown capabilities enable you to ana-
lyze the data from multiple perspectives, as shown in Figure 5.8.

Figure 5.7 Analytical List Page

The insight-to-action principle is implemented by the proximity of analytical and

transactional activities that are combined in this app:
쐍 Analytic activities
– Assess open collection items and their assignment to a collection specialist
– Analyze overdue or to-be-collected invoice amounts, days in arrears, and other
indicators
– Analyze the collection progress using the Collection Progress app (F1738), compar-
ing the amount to be collected with the payments promised by customers
쐍 Transactional activities
– Assign collection supervisors to collection items
– Remove collection supervisors from collection items

These activities are supported by a couple of standard features and functions the ana-
lytical list page always provides, regardless of whether the actual app is the Supervise
Collection Worklist or any other of the predefined analytical list page apps:
Figure 5.8 Multidimensional Report

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5 Analytics 5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

In SAP S/4HANA Cloud 2202, more than 130 multidimensional reports are available for in the home group of the user. Clicking on this tile will start the app with personalized
different LOBs, mostly in the finance and controlling areas. The features that all apps of settings.
this type share include the ability to change drilldown levels and adjusting the layout 쐍 In charts, a user can make on-the-fly value comparisons after clicking on, for exam-
of the data, including filtering the data, as well as display options for tables and charts. ple, a column in a chart and then hovering the cursor over another column within
In addition, you can save your own personal variants of views and navigate to other the same chart.
apps in keeping with the insight-to-action principle. Additional features include Micro- 5
쐍 In tables, additional functions are available in the context menu, accessed by right-
soft Excel export or pausing the refreshing of the data to allow multiple navigation
clicking on a cell in the table. An interesting feature is the on-the-fly ranking of
steps without waiting after each step for the result set to refresh. All dimensions that
records in the table: A new column can be added quickly to show the ranking of the
are available in a multidimensional app can be used for filtering. (Before doing so, the
entries in the table according to the numbers in the selected column.
desired dimension may need to be added to the filter bar.) In the Cost Center—Actuals
쐍 In the context menu of a table, you’ll also find the option to export the data into
app (F0963), shown in Figure 5.8, measures can be analyzed using over 40 dimensions.
comma-separated values (CSV) format or as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet.

Dashboards
The use case for dashboards is all about providing a comprehensive and visually opti-
mized overview of information about a certain business topic. Manager roles benefit
the most from specific features enabled by dashboards. In SAP S/4HANA Cloud, this use
case is implemented by bundling selected features from SAP Analytics Cloud with SAP
S/4HANA Cloud via a deep, seamless integration and automated codeployment of the
SAP Analytics Cloud solution with every tenant of SAP S/4HANA Cloud. This integra-
tion also includes the automated synchronization of users. Note that SAP Analytics
Cloud, embedded edition does not offer all features of “enterprise” (standard) SAP Ana-
lytics Cloud.
In SAP Analytics Cloud, dashboards are referred to as stories. Figure 5.9 shows an exam-
ple of a predefined story: the Treasury Executive Dashboard app (F4316). This app is part
of the treasury risk manager role (SAP_BR_TREASURY_RISK_MANAGER).
Following the principle of progressive disclosure, this story starts with an overview of
the liquidity situation on the Liquidity page. Using the map on the left, you can filter
the numbers by country by clicking on the shape of, for example, Germany. All the data
shown in the stories using SAP Analytics Cloud, embedded edition, is real-time data Figure 5.9 Dashboard Based on SAP Analytics Cloud, Embedded Edition
from SAP S/4HANA Cloud, as in any other embedded analytics report. No replication or
duplication of data in any way is required. As mentioned earlier, SAP S/4HANA Cloud comes with more than 400 predefined ana-
lytical apps, most of them of the types explained in this section, along with some free-
In dashboards as well, users are supported by several standard features available in all
style analytical SAP Fiori apps. However, as business needs can be quite diverse and
apps of this type, such as the following:
often specific solutions are needed, SAP S/4HANA Cloud, embedded edition was built
쐍 As in any other embedded analytics report, intent-based navigation is available for with the assumption that you’ll want to create your own reports of various types. We’ll
semantic objects on the dashboard. Calling up the context menu by right-clicking on explain in the following sections how to create your own reports.
a data point—such as a customer ID, supplier ID, material ID, or other business
entity—opens a list of apps to which you can navigate while at the same time trans-
ferring the ID from which you started the navigation. 5.2.3 Analytics Specialist Persona
쐍 User-specific settings for parameter values and filters can be saved in a personal page The role of an analytics specialist in SAP S/4HANA (technical role SAP_BR_ANALYTICS_
variant. In addition, using the Save As function creates a new SAP Fiori launchpad tile SPECIALIST) was developed with a certain persona in mind. Although an analytics

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5 Analytics 5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

specialist performs some rather technical tasks, the person does not necessarily have Initially, the role has the business catalogs listed in Table 5.2 assigned. You can assign
an IT background and instead works in an LOB department such as finance, controlling, additional business catalogs to the role or assign the business catalogs listed in Table
sales, procurement, or production management. 5.2 to other roles.
In addition, an analytics specialist usually has some of the following skills and know-
Business Catalog ID Business Catalog
how:
SAP_CA_BC_SSB_PC Analytics—KPI Design 5
쐍 A good understanding of how a certain business process in sales, purchasing,
finance, and so on is best supported with monitoring and analysis SAP_CA_BC_APF_MODELING_PC Analytics—Analysis Path Framework Modeling

쐍 Decent knowledge of the data structures of their LOB and therefore an understand- SAP_CA_BC_ANA_AQD_PC Analytics—Query Design
ing of how this data can be turned into meaningful reports
SAP_BW_BC_UMM_PC Analytics—Predictive Models
Besides creating new analytical objects, an analytics specialist is often involved in other
SAP_BW_BC_UMM_PSC_PC Analytics—Predictive Scenarios
activities, such as the following:
쐍 Managing access rights to analytical information and authorizations for viewing SAP_CORE_BC_EXT Extensibility

certain pieces of the data within the team SAP_CORE_BC_EXT_TST Extensibility—Custom Apps and Services
쐍 Engaging in implementation and change projects, especially in providing the status
Table 5.2 Business Catalogs Assigned to Analytics Specialist Role
quo of available and needed reports while anticipating additional ones needed
쐍 Providing ad hoc analysis by creating highly specific reports
Let’s now look at the functions for creating new KPIs and reports and examine some
To accomplish these tasks and responsibilities, analytics specialists can use a variety of SAP Fiori apps provided for the analytics specialist role.
tools, in the form of SAP Fiori apps covering various aspects and process steps relevant
for this role. Thus, the typical SAP Fiori launchpad of an analytics specialist might look
5.2.4 Custom Queries, Reports, and KPIs
like the screen shown in Figure 5.10.
In the following sections, we’ll first provide an overview of the process an analytics spe-
cialist would usually follow to create new queries, KPIs, and reports. We’ll then take a
closer look at two of the most important SAP Fiori apps for an analytics specialist: the
Custom Analytical Queries app and the Manage KPIs and Reports app. In the final sec-
tion, we’ll show you how an analytics specialist can access an overview of all sorts of
CDS views via the View Browser app.

Process Mapping
In reality, the steps required to create new reports, KPIs, queries, data sources, or other
objects varies depending on whether existing objects can be reused. Therefore, the pro-
cess shown in Figure 5.11 outlines the overall process if you’re starting from scratch.

Figure 5.10 SAP Fiori Apps for Analytics Specialist

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 5 Analytics 5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

1. Identification of data View browser Process Step Task SAP Fiori App
source in the virtual data 1
Search VDM view
model (VDM)
Multidimensional report 4.2. Create a multidimen- View Browser (F2170)
sional report app (analytical
2. Custom VDM views Custom VDM views
2 query app)
Create VDM view and publish

Publish 5.1. Add app to SAP Fiori Custom Catalog Extensions 5

3. Analytical query Custom analytical queries catalog and publish (F1950)
3
Copy or create query; publish
5.2. Create custom commu- Custom Communication
nication scenario and Scenarios (F2177)
arrangement
4. KPI and report Report and KPI design Multidimensional report
creation 4.1.1 Create report
4.1
4.1.2 Create KPI
4.2 Create a multidimensional report app Transport 6.1. Transport to production Export Software Collection
4.1.3 Create embedded SAP Analytics Cloud (analytical query app)
dashboard system (F1433)
4.1.4 Create SAP Fiori app and publish report

Table 5.3 Mapping of SAP Fiori Apps and Process Steps (Cont.)
5. Publishing to end-user and Custom catalog extension External consumption
SAP Fiori apps catalogs 5.1 5.2
Add app to SAP Fiori apps catalog Create custom communication
(or for external use)
and publish scenario and arrangement
A detailed description of each step is beyond the scope of this book. However, you can
find more details in the SAP documentation for each app. A good starting point is the
Export/import software collection
6. Transport 6
Transport to production system product assistance available at https://help.sap.com. Search for “S/4HANA Cloud”
within the Browse by Product search. After selecting SAP S/4HANA Cloud, select the Use
Figure 5.11 Typical Steps in Creation of New KPIs and Reports
tab. Here you can find Product Assistance documents in different languages. Within
your language-specific document, you can find Analytics documents in the Manage
Table 5.3 provides an overview of the SAP Fiori apps that support each process step.
Your SAP S/4HANA Cloud section. In the following sections, we’ll briefly introduce
Process Step Task SAP Fiori App some important apps for analytics specialists and describe their main features.

Identification of data source 1. Search for a certain VDM View Browser (F2170)
Custom Analytical Queries
view as a data provider for a
KPI or report Analytical queries are among the most important metadata objects in embedded ana-
lytics. These queries are used in multidimensional reports, SAP Analytics Cloud stories,
Custom VDM views 2. If needed, create a new Custom CDS Views (F1866A)
and KPIs (through OData). Analytical queries are defined by using the CDS tools in the
VDM view of type data
source (cube) and publish it
ABAP Development Tools (ADT) as the modeling environment. We’ll describe CDS in
more detail in Chapter 8, Section 8.1.5.
Analytical query 3. Copy or create a query and Custom Analytical Queries
To make creating a new query as easy as possible for an analytics specialist, the Custom
publish it (F1572)
Analytical Queries app (F1572) guides users through the main configuration steps, as
KPI and report creation 4.1.1. Create report Manage KPIs and Reports shown in Figure 5.12.
4.1.2. Create KPI (F2814)
In a typical case of creating a new query based on an existing data source, you would
4.1.3. Create embedded SAP perform the following sequence of steps:
Analytics Cloud dashboard
1. Select the data source on which the new query will be built. These data sources are
4.1.4. Create SAP Fiori app
and publish report also CDS views but of a different type (type cube). Data sources usually offer many
measures and dimensions so that many queries with different purposes can be built
Table 5.3 Mapping of SAP Fiori Apps and Process Steps on the same data source.
2. Select fields from the data source. The field selection must include at least one field
of type measure.

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5 Analytics 5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud

6. Review the query data.

7. Publish the query, deploy the query as an SAP Fiori app into a business catalog, and
transport the entire configuration from the development system to the test or the
productive system. For this step, other SAP Fiori apps are needed, which are all part
of the analytics specialist role: the View Browser app (F2170), the Custom Catalog
Extensions app (F1950), and the Export Software Collection app (F1433). 5

In particular, the last step of publishing, deploying, and transporting takes time but is
required to make the newly created query available to the business user. When changes
to the query are necessary later, you would make changes in the development system
and repeat the final step of publishing, deployment into the business catalog, and
transport to the productive system.

Manage KPIs and Reports

The Manage KPIs and Reports app (F2814), shown in Figure 5.13, is the central place for
the creation and maintenance of custom reports—in particular, the following report
types:
쐍 KPIs
With this app, you can create KPI groups, place KPIs into those groups, define drill-
Figure 5.12 Custom Analytical Queries App down reports, and generate an SAP Fiori app tile for the SAP Fiori launchpad. The
source for the data of a KPI is always an OData service, such as from an analytical
3. An optional but recommended step is to fine-tune selected fields for the specific query. For publishing the SAP Fiori app into a business catalog and transporting it to
purpose of the query—for example, by assigning a different label for a field. A field the productive system, other apps are needed (see Table 5.3, particularly tasks 5.1 and
labeled Business Partner in the data source could be named Customer in the query. 6.1).
In addition, you can set properties for sorting, display of key or text, scaling factors, 쐍 Analytical list page reports
and decimal places. Similarly, with this app, you can configure all the parts of an analytical list page
4. Optionally, you can define calculated measures and restricted measures. A custom report. You can select a data source (an OData service), configure the chart and the
calculated measure can use existing measures in a query or other custom calculated table area, and embed KPI tags (small areas in the header of the report that will dis-
measures in the same query. For that, a formula editor is available in the app. With a play real-time values from selected KPIs). In this case, publishing and transporting
restricted measure, you can automatically filter the data for a selected dimension. the app is also performed in the various apps mentioned for creating and publishing
For example, a restricted measure such as Revenue in Year 2021 could be based on KPIs.
the measure Revenue, which is restricted by the dimension Fiscal Year to the value 쐍 Embedded SAP Analytics Cloud stories and data analyzer reports
2021. Thus, the meaning and the data in a restricted measure can be fixed by an ana- With the latest addition to this app’s functionality, based on deep integration
lytics specialist and would not depend on the filter settings a business user makes. between SAP Analytics Cloud, embedded edition and SAP S/4HANA Cloud, not only
5. Another optional but recommended step is to define filter settings based on the pur- can you review predefined, embedded SAP Analytics Cloud stories (as described in
pose of the query. An analytics specialist can set hidden filters to restrict the data Section 5.2.2), but you can also create your own tailor-made apps of this type.
shown in the query. In addition, the business user can set the filter values and com-
Further details of the functional scope of the Manage KPIs and Reports app are avail-
bine these values with a default value set by the analytics specialist, which can be
able at https://help.sap.com under SAP S/4HANA Cloud • Manage Your SAP S/4HANA
overwritten by the business user.
Cloud • Analytics.

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5 Analytics 5.3 Architecture and Integration with Other SAP Analytics Solutions

Figure 5.13 Manage KPIs and Reports App

View Browser
Finally, let’s look at an app not primarily focused on embedded analytics, but still quite Figure 5.14 View Browser, Part of Analytics Specialist Role
important and helpful when dealing with ABAP CDS views, especially of the analytical
query type or of type cube: the View Browser app (F2170), shown in Figure 5.14. This app Now that you understand the most important features and functions for business
is designed to address two main use cases: users and analytics specialists, in the next section we’ll focus on the overall architec-
ture of embedded analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud, as well as on the most relevant inte-
쐍 For a comprehensive overview of all available CDS views in the system, both prede-
gration scenarios with other SAP Analytics solutions.
livered by SAP and created by customers (see task 1 in Table 5.3)
쐍 When creating an app for a multidimensional report (based on an analytical query),
a report type we described earlier in Section 5.1 (see task 4.2 in Table 5.3)
5.3 Architecture and Integration with Other SAP Analytics Solutions
To support the analytics specialist in these tasks, the View Browser app includes the fol-
The final section of this chapter on analytics is dedicated to a basic introduction to the
lowing functionalities:
high-level architecture of embedded analytics and the integration and connectivity to
쐍 Search for views by view ID, description, app components, ABAP CDS annotations, other SAP Analytics solutions.
field names, database table names, and tags
쐍 Add views to Favorites and assign tags
5.3.1 Analytics Architecture of SAP S/4HANA Cloud
쐍 Follow the associations and connections among views step by step
To start, let’s look at a high-level overview of embedded analytics in SAP S/4HANA
쐍 Group, sort, and filter views
Cloud, focusing on the most important building blocks of the architecture, as shown in
쐍 Save personalized selections
Figure 5.15.
쐍 Download a list of selected views to Microsoft Excel
쐍 Create and delete SAP Fiori apps based on analytical queries (multidimensional
reports)

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 5 Analytics 5.3 Architecture and Integration with Other SAP Analytics Solutions

SAP S/4HANA Cloud SAP Analytics

SAP Fiori UX
SAP Analytics Cloud, SAP Analytics solutions 5
Visualization Analytical apps, reports, KPIs, and so on delivered
embedded edition SAP Analytics Cloud, …
as part of SAP S/4HANA, extensible by the customer

Access OData services Transient analytical queries

SAP BW/4HANA,
Modeling ABAP: core data services models SAP Data Warehouse
(for analytical and transactional purposes) Cloud

Persistency Database tables on SAP HANA Database tables on

SAP HANA

Figure 5.16 Partial Model of Data Source I_BILLINGDOCUMENTITEMCUBE

Figure 5.15 Embedded Analytics Architecture: Solution View

The modeling language in SAP S/4HANA Cloud is represented by ABAP CDS. This lan-
guage is by no means restricted to analytical models and can serve as a general-purpose
From bottom to top, the most important ingredients of embedded analytics are as fol-
modeling environment for several different use cases, such as for enterprise search
lows:
models, models for data extraction, and models forming the basis for OData services
쐍 Persistency that supply data to transactional SAP Fiori apps. The entirety of CDS-based models in
The entire SAP S/4HANA Cloud suite, as well as all parts of SAP Analytics solutions SAP S/4HANA Cloud constitutes the VDM, which enables an extremely high level of
that are relevant in this context, run on the SAP HANA database only. For embedded reuse of models for different—in the end, often quite different—purposes. For exam-
analytics in SAP S/4HANA, no replication of data into any kind of analytical storage ple, the I_CALENDARDATE model, which is used in the I_BILLINGDOCUMENTITEMCUBE data
is required; thus, the transactional data is the analytical data. For cases where data source, is also used in more than a thousand other CDS views.
from multiple sources must be consolidated or, in general, for use cases requiring a
쐍 Access
dedicated data warehouse solution, solutions like SAP BW/4HANA and SAP Data
For SAP S/4HANA Cloud, two main ways of accessing data exist. The first is through
Warehouse Cloud offer their own storage concepts.
the OData protocol, which is mainly used for transactional apps. However, OData
쐍 Modeling services are also the access method for the data shown in KPIs (see Section 5.2.2). The
The data used in embedded analytical use cases has a one-to-one relationship with second way, for analytical purposes, is through the Information Access (InA) proto-
the transactional data in the database tables. A modeling layer is necessary to create col, an internal SAP protocol for retrieving multidimensional data from the analyti-
all the important data transformations on the fly, without persisting the results of cal engine of ABAP, as shown in Figure 5.17, which in the case of SAP S/4HANA is
these transformations in the database. Typical transformation operations occur embedded.
when turning highly normalized database tables into data structures that can be
We’ll explain the various types of analytical views in more detail in Section 5.3.2. For
used for analytical purposes. Such models can become quite big and elaborate, as the
now, note that the models for analytical queries (which are built by using models for
partial dependency graph for the data source I_BILLINGDOCUMENTITEMCUBE, shown in
data sources as the basis) are also the basis for providing access to real-time data of
Figure 5.16, amply proves.
SAP S/4HANA Cloud for SAP Analytics solutions. SAP Analytics Cloud can use tran-
sient queries generated from the definition of an analytical query to provide the
necessary data in SAP Analytics Cloud stories without any change in the underlying
CDS query view.

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 5 Analytics 5.3 Architecture and Integration with Other SAP Analytics Solutions

쐍 Visualization 5.3.2 ABAP Core Data Services Used for Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud
The visualization of analytical data in SAP S/4HANA Cloud is based on the SAP Fiori
The CDS of ABAP is a major innovation of ADT in recent years. For an in-depth descrip-
UX and for certain use cases, like dashboards, based on SAP Analytics Cloud, embed-
tion of CDS, we recommend the book ABAP CDS: Core Data Services for ABAP (SAP
ded edition. To create a uniform UX when dealing with analytical data, KPIs, reports,
PRESS, August 2019). Also, the product assistance for SAP S/4HANA Cloud has a good
and multidimensional analysis are based on apps with predefined feature sets
introduction to the most important concepts behind VDM and CDS. This resource is
offered for any implementation of those analytical artifacts. Two examples of such 5
available at https://help.sap.com under SAP S/4HANA Cloud • Extend and Integrate
reports are the Trial Balance report and the Order Volume report.
Your SAP S/4HANA Cloud • Extensibility • Virtual Data Model and CDS Views in SAP
For dashboards, SAP S/4HANA Cloud reuses the capabilities of SAP Analytics Cloud, S/4HANA Cloud.
embedded edition, for designing dashboards and for the runtime of a dashboard in
In this section, we’ll focus on a small preview of the overall features, functions, and use
a business context. For this, SAP S/4HANA Cloud comes with an SAP Fiori wrapper
cases for ABAP CDS—specifically, the most important CDS view types for analytics, as
app for SAP Analytics Cloud dashboards. This wrapper uses an iFrame and a post-
shown in Figure 5.18.
Message API to connect the SAP Fiori UX world to the SAP Analytics Cloud world
from a UI perspective. Access to any kind of analytical analysis always depends on
having an SAP Fiori app and on using the SAP Fiori launchpad, as shown in the top- QueryView
Query View
left corner of Figure 5.17.

Cube View
SAP Fiori Analytical Applications

SAP Fiori Web Dynpro SAP

SAP Smart Analytics Cloud
Freestyle Launchpad Grid
Business KPI/ ALP Dashboard Hierarchy Dimension
App Cube View Text View
Report View View

OData BICS InA

R Figure 5.18 Overview of Relations among Analytical ABAP CDS Views
R R R R

Let’s look at each type of CDS view more closely:

SAP Analytics
Cloud
ABAP Analytic 쐍 Cube views, or data sources
Engine Embedded
Cubes A CDS cube view is defined by the @Analytics.dataCategory: #CUBE annotation. This
Analytical
Queries view type forms the center of a model, which consists of CDS views for fact data,
Dimensions
SADL AE Runtime Story related dimensions, hierarchies, and text. For better maintainability and a clearer
Objects Metadata
Hierarchies design, especially of large cube views, the transactional data that becomes available
Other VDM Views
through the cube view can be modeled in a separate view with the @Analytics.data-
Category: #FACT annotation. This other view, not shown in Figure 5.18, then becomes
VDM
the basis for the actual cube view. Note that each field in a cube view is either of type
ABAP Application Server
R R
measure, and is thus suitable for aggregation operations, or of type dimension,
which can be used for grouping or as an attribute. The type of the field is determined
SQL Views by the @Aggregation.default annotation.

Tables
쐍 Dimension views
SAP HANA Database CDS views for representing certain business objects with all their attributes—for
example, purchase orders (POs), cost centers, employees, plants, sales orders, and so
Figure 5.17 Embedded Analytics Architecture: Technical View on—are called dimension views. These views are defined using the @Analytics.data-
Category: #DIMENSION annotation. The various fields of a dimension view (usually

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5 Analytics 5.3 Architecture and Integration with Other SAP Analytics Solutions

the attribute fields of a specific business object) are not explicitly included in a cube 5.3.3 Data Extraction to SAP BW/4HANA and SAP Data Warehouse Cloud
view. Instead, by associating a cube view to a dimension view, those fields can be
In Section 5.1, you learned that despite all the feature-rich embedded analytics in SAP
used as display attributes but are not available for grouping and filtering.
S/4HANA Cloud, many use cases are addressed through a data warehouse solution—in
쐍 Hierarchy views particular, by either an on-premise SAP BW/4HANA solution or an SAP Data Ware-
Hierarchies are important structuring elements in many business contexts, such as house Cloud solution. In both cases, the most important question is how the data from
the cost center hierarchy, the material hierarchy, or the hierarchy of the work break- SAP S/4HANA Cloud is made available to the respective data warehouse solution. To 5
down structure (WBS) of projects. Hierarchy views are annotated with @Object- extract data from SAP S/4HANA Cloud into SAP BW/4HANA or SAP Data Warehouse
Model.dataCategory: #HIERARCHY. These views specify parent-child hierarchies to be Cloud, you can use extraction-enabled ABAP CDS views.
used with a dimension. A dimension can have multiple hierarchies, as is often the
These views are defined by the Analytics.dataExtraction.enabled annotation, plus
case for cost centers (I_CostCenter, hierarchy view I_COSTCENTERHIERARCHY) or general
potential further details in the annotation that trigger, for example, a generic delta
ledger accounts (I_GLACCOUNT, hierarchy view I_GLACCOUNTHIERARCHY). Hierarchies are
extraction or that define whether deleted records from the source system should be
important elements of many analytical query views.
extracted as well or not. An extraction through ABAP CDS views uses the operational
쐍 Text views data provisioning (ODP) framework, which acts as the central switchboard between
No analytical report would be understandable without providing language-depen- ODP providers (such as an extraction-enabled CDS view in SAP S/4HANA) and the ODP
dent texts for the business objects shown in the report as simply displaying the key consumer (such as SAP BW/4HANA).
values is usually not suitable for business users who may struggle to understand
For SAP S/4HANA Cloud, a data extraction through ABAP CDS views is the only way to
what they are looking at. Text views are defined by the @ObjectModel.dataCategory:
get data into either SAP BW/4HANA or into SAP Data Warehouse Cloud. To extract data
#TEXT annotation and are connected to dimension views through the text associa-
into SAP BW/4HANA, SAP S/4HANA Cloud behaves like an ODP source system. When
tion at the representative key field of the dimension view.
extracting to SAP Data Warehouse Cloud, you can also use the Cloud Data Integration
쐍 Analytical query views
(CDI) adaptor. In either case, the same models can, in principle, also be used for feder-
Analytical queries are not substantially different from other CDS views of the VDM.
ated access to SAP S/4HANA Cloud data, meaning that the data is not extracted but
However, they need the analytic engine of SAP S/4HANA Cloud as a runtime envi-
instead accessed directly in the source system.
ronment for generating transient queries from the SAP Business Explorer (SAP BEx)
tools out of the CDS model. These queries, which are not structurally different from Note that not all types of CDS views qualify for enabling extraction. For example, an
the SAP BEx queries you may know from SAP Business Warehouse, are “transient” analytical query is usually only meant for direct consumption in the SAP Fiori UX and
because the metadata of these SAP BEx queries is not stored on the database. does not qualify for SQL-like access to backend data and for data replication.

Analytical query views are annotated with @Analytics.query: true. These views pro-
vide access to the rich set of online analytical processing (OLAP) functions offered 5.3.4 SAP Analytics Cloud
by the analytics engine. For this purpose, a special set of annotations under the
In this section, we’ll provide an overview of SAP Analytics Cloud used in a side-by-side
@AnalyticsDetails domain are available. For example, the @AnalyticsDetails.formula
connection scenario, as well as SAP Analytics Cloud, embedded edition.
annotation allows users to define restricted and calculated measures based on the
other measures and dimensions available in the same query, which is not possible
Using SAP Analytics Cloud in Connection with SAP S/4HANA Cloud
using the standard CDS view syntax. Analytical query views are always and exclu-
sively created on top of cube views. Thus, analytical query views typically use only a As shown earlier in Figure 5.15, the use of SAP Analytics Cloud in connection with SAP
subset of the fields from the cube view upon which they are built and potentially S/4HANA Cloud is part of the overall analytics picture for SAP S/4HANA Cloud. With
define additional restricted and calculated measures that are valid only within the this integration, you can realize scenarios beyond the scope of embedded analytics—
query view. for instance, when an analytics use case requires you to include data from other sys-
tems and sources.

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SAP Analytics Cloud offers two types of connections to access data from other systems: maintained in SAP S/4HANA Cloud (and only here) to the tenants of SAP Analytics
쐍 Import data connections Cloud, embedded edition.
Users can transfer data from a source system to SAP Analytics Cloud. Changes made SAP Analytics Cloud, embedded edition, exposes a subset of features required to create
to the data in the source system are not immediately reflected in the imported data, and run stories (dashboards) and multidimensional data analyzer reports within SAP
and thus SAP Analytics Cloud stories built on imported data reflect only the situa- S/4HANA Cloud. This is necessary because the entire lifecycle of all involved analytics
tion of the last import. objects is exclusively managed through SAP S/4HANA Cloud. Thus your company will 5
쐍 Live data connections not have access to, for example, the administrator UI for SAP Analytics Cloud.
Data from source systems can be retrieved directly (live). Any changes made to the Such a deep, prebuilt integration with SAP Analytics Cloud is available only for SAP
data in the source system will immediately be reflected in an SAP Analytics Cloud S/4HANA Cloud. However, in the on-premise version of SAP S/4HANA, starting with
story with a live data connection. release 2020, you can use a live data connection from SAP Analytics Cloud to your SAP
S/4HANA backend and can then embed stories into the SAP Fiori wrapper app. These
For both types of connections, SAP Analytics Cloud comes with a long list of standard
stories are created directly in SAP Analytics Cloud and are then embedded into the
connections, of course, including the ability to use SAP S/4HANA Cloud as a standard
wrapper app via the Manage KPIs and Reports app of the analytics specialist role.
source.
A few predefined SAP Analytics Cloud stories are available as SAP Best Practices pack-
ages, which all make use of live data connections. Using SAP Analytics Cloud stories
5.4 Summary
with live data connections is the easiest way for your organization to analyze SAP
S/4HANA Cloud data in a story, after a connection with the system has been estab- Now at the end of this chapter on analytics, let’s summarize the main takeaways. In the
lished and the relevant SAP Best Practices package has been downloaded from the SAP context of an ERP solution such as SAP S/4HANA Cloud, analytics comes in many
Best Practices Explorer website (https://rapid.sap.com). An example of this type of con- shapes and sizes and must address various, often quite different, if not contradicting,
tent is SAP S/4HANA Cloud Procurement content with SAP Analytics Cloud (scope item qualities, such as ease of use, variability, performance, and integration into transac-
29D), which is available through SAP Best Practices Explorer at https://rapid.sap.com/ tional processes. To serve all of the potential analytical use cases, SAP S/4HANA Cloud
bp/#/browse/scopeitems/29D. uses a combination of embedded analytics powered by SAP Fiori and SAP Analytics
Cloud and enterprise analytics using further SAP Analytics solutions such as SAP Data
SAP Analytics Cloud, Embedded Edition Warehouse Cloud, SAP BW/4HANA, and standard SAP Analytics Cloud. Those solutions
As shown earlier in Figure 5.17, some services of SAP Analytics Cloud are also embedded are also the foundation for any cross-solution analytics that combines data from multi-
in SAP S/4HANA Cloud., which greatly extends the embedded analytics options sup- ple SAP solutions and services in a single report.
ported by SAP Fiori, with additional analytical capabilities supported by SAP Analytics Focusing on embedded analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud, two types of users are the cen-
Cloud. With this option, you can deliver predefined SAP Analytics Cloud story apps as ters of attention:
integral parts of SAP S/4HANA Cloud roles, as described in Section 5.2. 쐍 Business users who will work on a regular basis with the data provided through KPIs
This delivery method is possible because when you license SAP S/4HANA Cloud, you’ll and various types of reports. For this user type, SAP S/4HANA Cloud offers a variety
also get a connection between your development, test, and productive tenants and cor- of analytics options such as KPIs with generic drilldown capabilities, overview pages,
responding tenants of SAP Analytics Cloud, embedded edition. This connection, which analytical list pages, multidimensional reports, freestyle analytical SAP Fiori apps,
is always a live data connection that will not transfer any data to SAP Analytics Cloud and dashboards. SAP S/4HANA Cloud comes with over 400 predefined apps of this
servers, is set up automatically and completely managed by SAP. This codeployment is kind. New analytical apps are added on a regular basis.
included as part of the initial provisioning of SAP S/4HANA Cloud and is therefore 쐍 Analytics specialists who will create analytic apps tailored for your specific needs.
available from the beginning. In addition, the necessary user management for SAP SAP S/4HANA provides the necessary tools to the analytics specialist to create KPIs
Analytics Cloud, embedded edition, is taken care of by the Identity Provisioning ser- and various types of reports for the business user.
vice, which is also codeployed when setting up the SAP S/4HANA Cloud and SAP Ana-
lytics Cloud tenants. The Identity Provisioning service takes care of replicating users The main ingredients of embedded analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud are the SAP HANA
database; the VDM based on ABAP CDS views; the SAP Fiori UI framework; and, in the

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5 Analytics

case of SAP S/4HANA Cloud, SAP Analytics Cloud, embedded edition. The latter is seam-
lessly integrated into SAP S/4HANA Cloud and offers essential features for using and
creating dashboards.
Thus, SAP S/4HANA Cloud, embedded edition provides the necessary insights for busi-
ness users working on certain process steps. SAP S/4HANA Cloud, embedded edition
increases throughput and efficiency by following general principles like information-
first/progressive disclosure, insight-to-action, and an exception-based working style.
In the next chapter, we’ll explore the functional capabilities of SAP S/4HANA Cloud in
great detail: support for business processes across all LOBs, such as procurement, man-
ufacturing, logistics, sales and service, maintenance, and, last but not least, finance and
risk management.

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Contents

Foreword by Thomas Saueressig ...................................................................................................... 17

Preface ....................................................................................................................................................... 19

1 Introduction 23

1.1 Current ERP Challenges ....................................................................................................... 23

1.2 A New ERP Paradigm: Cloud ERP .................................................................................... 27

1.2.1 SAP S/4HANA Cloud: The New ERP Concept ................................................. 27
1.2.2 Composable Applications and Industry- and Scenario-Based
Applications .............................................................................................................. 28
1.3 SAP S/4HANA Cloud Use Cases and Business Value .............................................. 31
1.3.1 Strategic Business Value ...................................................................................... 32
1.3.2 Operational and Financial Benefits .................................................................. 35
1.3.3 The New Digital Reality ........................................................................................ 38
1.3.4 Reinvented ERP Business Processes ................................................................. 39
1.4 SAP S/4HANA Cloud Solution Architecture ............................................................... 44
1.4.1 Cloud Qualities ........................................................................................................ 44
1.4.2 Solution Architecture ............................................................................................ 46
1.4.3 Multitenancy and Zero Downtime ................................................................... 49
1.4.4 Scalability and Elasticity ....................................................................................... 51
1.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 53

2 The Intelligent Enterprise 55

2.1 From the Monolithic ERP System to the Intelligent Suite ................................... 55
2.1.1 Intelligent Enterprises .......................................................................................... 56
2.1.2 Starting Situation and Market Demands ....................................................... 57
2.1.3 Intelligent Enterprises as Integrated Enterprises ........................................ 58
2.1.4 Suite Qualities ......................................................................................................... 60
2.1.5 Further and Updated Guidance ......................................................................... 63
2.2 End-to-End Business Processes ........................................................................................ 64
2.2.1 Strategic Significance for SAP S/4HANA Cloud ............................................ 64
2.2.2 SAP Reference Business Architecture .............................................................. 65

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2.2.3 Business Process-Driven Software Development at SAP .......................... 67 3 Intelligent Technologies 119
2.3 Industry Cloud ......................................................................................................................... 68
2.3.1 Industry Cloud Strategy ....................................................................................... 69 3.1 Situation Handling ................................................................................................................ 120
2.3.2 Key Concepts of SAP’s Industry Cloud ............................................................. 71 3.1.1 Situation Handling: An Example ....................................................................... 120
2.4 Business Networks ................................................................................................................ 73 3.1.2 Proactive User Support ......................................................................................... 121
2.4.1 From ERP to Networked Resource Planning: 3.1.3 Tracking and Analysis ........................................................................................... 122
A Unified Business Network ............................................................................... 74 3.1.4 Intelligent Situation Automation and Machine Learning Concept ....... 122
2.4.2 Trading Partner Collaboration ........................................................................... 75 3.1.5 Activation and Configuration ............................................................................. 124
2.4.3 SAP Business Network for Procurement ......................................................... 78 3.2 Robotic Process Automation ............................................................................................ 124
2.4.4 SAP Business Network for Supply Chain ......................................................... 80 3.2.1 Addressed Business Challenges and Business Value ................................. 125
2.4.5 SAP Business Network for Logistics .................................................................. 83 3.2.2 Architecture and Solution Components ......................................................... 126
2.4.6 SAP Business Network for Asset Management ............................................ 85 3.2.3 SAP Intelligent RPA Content ............................................................................... 127
2.5 Business Process Intelligence ........................................................................................... 87 3.3 Machine Learning and Predictive Analytics ............................................................... 130
2.5.1 SAP Signavio Solutions ......................................................................................... 87 3.3.1 Approaches to Machine Learning ..................................................................... 131
2.5.2 Levers of Transformations: Time to Insight and Time to Adapt ............. 88 3.3.2 Solution Architecture ............................................................................................ 133
2.5.3 Stages of Business Process Intelligence .......................................................... 89 3.3.3 Best Practices ........................................................................................................... 134
2.5.4 Business Process Intelligence and the Intelligent Enterprise .................. 90
3.4 Internet of Things .................................................................................................................. 135
2.5.5 Business Process Intelligence and RISE with SAP ........................................ 91
3.4.1 Main Capabilities of SAP IoT ............................................................................... 135
2.6 Sustainability Management ............................................................................................. 92 3.4.2 Internet of Things–Enabled Business Processes in
2.6.1 Holistic Approach to Managing Sustainability ............................................. 92 SAP S/4HANA Cloud .............................................................................................. 137
2.6.2 Sustainability Management Capabilities ....................................................... 94
3.5 Intelligent Technologies: An Example ......................................................................... 139
2.7 Experience Management ................................................................................................... 97
3.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 140
2.7.1 Experiences Collected by SAP ............................................................................. 98
2.7.2 Closing the Loop on Company Activities ........................................................ 99
2.8 SAP Business Technology Platform ............................................................................... 100
2.8.1 Platform Business Models, Platform Types, and SAP Business 4 User Experience 143
Technology Platform ............................................................................................. 101
2.8.2 SAP Business Technology Platform Capabilities .......................................... 101 4.1 SAP Fiori Design System ..................................................................................................... 143
2.8.3 Value-Generating Scenarios ............................................................................... 104 4.1.1 Introduction to SAP Fiori ...................................................................................... 143
2.8.4 Continuous Technical Consolidation and Evolution .................................. 105 4.1.2 SAP Fiori and SAP S/4HANA Cloud .................................................................... 144
2.8.5 Development and Extension Options ............................................................. 106 4.1.3 Your Personal Entry Point: SAP Fiori Launchpad .......................................... 145
2.8.6 Partner and Organization Enablement ........................................................... 108 4.1.4 Useful Services Available Everywhere ............................................................. 147
4.1.5 Apps ............................................................................................................................ 150
2.9 RISE with SAP ........................................................................................................................... 109
4.1.6 Bringing Artificial Intelligence to the User Experience .............................. 154
2.9.1 Transforming and Innovating Businesses ..................................................... 110
2.9.2 Recipe for Business Innovation and Transformation Success ................. 111 4.2 Mobile User Experience ...................................................................................................... 155
2.9.3 Journey Structure ................................................................................................... 113 4.2.1 Mobile Web Experience of an Inventory Manager ...................................... 156
2.9.4 Big Picture and Benefits ....................................................................................... 117 4.2.2 Mobile Web Experience of an Internal Sales Representative .................. 157
4.2.3 Native Mobile Apps ................................................................................................ 159
2.10 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 118
4.2.4 SAP Mobile Start ..................................................................................................... 161
4.2.5 SAP BTP SDK for iOS and SAP BTP SDK for Android ..................................... 161

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4.3 User Interface Adaptation ................................................................................................. 162 6.2 Manufacturing ........................................................................................................................ 222
4.3.1 Key User Adaptation for SAP Fiori Apps .......................................................... 162 6.2.1 Supported Production Modes ............................................................................ 222
4.3.2 Key User Adaptation for Classic Applications ............................................... 164 6.2.2 Demand-Driven Production Planning ............................................................. 224
4.3.3 End User Personalization ..................................................................................... 166 6.2.3 Integrated Production Scheduling .................................................................... 225
4.4 Digital Assistants ................................................................................................................... 169 6.2.4 Transparent Production Operations ................................................................ 226
6.2.5 Embedded Production Execution and Integrated Production
4.4.1 Chatbots Based on SAP Conversational AI ..................................................... 170
Execution ................................................................................................................... 229
4.4.2 Human-to-Human Chat ....................................................................................... 171
6.2.6 Repetitive Manufacturing ................................................................................... 231
4.4.3 Groupware and Microsoft Teams Integration .............................................. 172
6.2.7 Transparent Material Flow with Kanban ....................................................... 231
4.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 173 6.2.8 Outsourced Manufacturing ................................................................................ 233
6.2.9 Quality Management ............................................................................................ 235
6.3 Logistics ...................................................................................................................................... 236
5 Analytics 175 6.3.1 Inventory Management ....................................................................................... 237
6.3.2 Logistics Execution ................................................................................................. 241
5.1 Embedded Analytics and Enterprise Analytics ......................................................... 175 6.3.3 Integrated Warehouse Management .............................................................. 243
5.1.1 Embedded Analytics Enabled by SAP Fiori and SAP Analytics Cloud .... 177 6.3.4 Order Promising: Available to Promise ........................................................... 245
5.1.2 Enterprise Analytics Using SAP Analytics Solutions ................................... 180 6.3.5 Transportation Management ............................................................................ 248
6.3.6 Handling Unit Management .............................................................................. 249
5.2 Embedded Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud ............................................................ 183
5.2.1 Business User Persona .......................................................................................... 183 6.4 Sales ............................................................................................................................................. 250
5.2.2 Functions for Business Users .............................................................................. 184 6.4.1 Product Vision and Direction .............................................................................. 250
5.2.3 Analytics Specialist Persona ................................................................................ 191 6.4.2 Quote to Order ........................................................................................................ 252
5.2.4 Custom Queries, Reports, and KPIs .................................................................. 193 6.4.3 Order and Contract Management .................................................................... 256
6.4.4 Customer Invoice Management ........................................................................ 262
5.3 Architecture and Integration with Other SAP Analytics Solutions ................. 199
6.4.5 Customer Returns Management ...................................................................... 263
5.3.1 Analytics Architecture of SAP S/4HANA Cloud ............................................. 199
6.4.6 Sales Analytics ......................................................................................................... 265
5.3.2 ABAP Core Data Services Used for Analytics in SAP S/4HANA Cloud ... 203
5.3.3 Data Extraction to SAP BW/4HANA and 6.5 Service ......................................................................................................................................... 267
SAP Data Warehouse Cloud ................................................................................ 205 6.5.1 Service Characteristics and Processes ............................................................. 268
5.3.4 SAP Analytics Cloud ............................................................................................... 205 6.5.2 Intelligent Service Management ....................................................................... 270
6.5.3 Service Order Management ................................................................................ 270
5.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 207
6.5.4 Service Contract Management .......................................................................... 275
6.5.5 In-House Repair ....................................................................................................... 278
6.6 Maintenance Management .............................................................................................. 281
6 Business Capabilities 209 6.6.1 Intelligent Asset Management .......................................................................... 282
6.6.2 Managing Asset Master Data ............................................................................. 285
6.1 Sourcing and Procurement ................................................................................................ 209 6.6.3 Plan-to-Optimize Assets ...................................................................................... 285
6.1.1 Service Procurement ............................................................................................. 211 6.6.4 Operate-to-Maintain Assets ............................................................................... 287
6.1.2 Sourcing ..................................................................................................................... 212
6.7 Finance ....................................................................................................................................... 294
6.1.3 Operational Procurement .................................................................................... 214
6.7.1 Universal Journal .................................................................................................... 295
6.1.4 Machine Learning-Based Purchasing Functionality ................................... 217
6.7.2 Record-to-Report Process ..................................................................................... 296
6.1.5 Analytics in Sourcing and Procurement Functionality:
6.7.3 Financial Planning and Analysis ........................................................................ 300
Insight to Action ..................................................................................................... 219
6.7.4 Invoice-to-Pay and Invoice-to-Cash Processes .............................................. 301

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6.7.5 Treasury and Cash Management ...................................................................... 303 8.1.6 Lifecycle Management of In-App Extensions of
6.7.6 Financial Compliance Management ................................................................ 305 SAP S/4HANA Cloud .............................................................................................. 380
6.8 Cross Capabilities .................................................................................................................. 307 8.1.7 Extensibility Templates ........................................................................................ 380
8.1.8 Exploring Extensibility Options ......................................................................... 380
6.8.1 Solution Business Models .................................................................................... 307
6.8.2 Advanced Intercompany Sales ........................................................................... 314 8.2 Side-by-Side Extensibility .................................................................................................. 381
6.8.3 Advanced Variant Configuration ...................................................................... 317 8.2.1 Side-by-Side Extensions ....................................................................................... 381
6.8.4 Billing and Revenue Innovation Management ............................................. 322 8.2.2 SAP Extension Suite ............................................................................................... 384
6.8.5 Product Lifecycle Management ......................................................................... 326 8.2.3 Event-Driven Extensions ...................................................................................... 388
6.8.6 Enterprise Portfolio and Project Management ............................................ 333 8.3 In-App Developer Extensibility ........................................................................................ 391
6.8.7 Environment, Health, and Safety ...................................................................... 337 8.3.1 Development Model .............................................................................................. 392
6.8.8 Product Compliance .............................................................................................. 339 8.3.2 APIs, Extension Points, and Stability Contracts ............................................ 394
6.9 Industry Variants ................................................................................................................... 342 8.3.3 Programming Language and Tools ................................................................... 396
6.9.1 Professional Services ............................................................................................. 342 8.3.4 Lifecycle Management ......................................................................................... 398
6.9.2 Discrete Manufacturing Industries .................................................................. 348 8.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 399
6.9.3 Process Manufacturing Industries .................................................................... 353
6.10 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 359

9 Integration 401

7 Globalization 361 9.1 Integration Strategy ............................................................................................................. 401

9.1.1 Integration Rationale ............................................................................................ 401
7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 361 9.1.2 Integration Best Practices .................................................................................... 402
9.1.3 Cloud Integration Setup Procedure and Tooling ......................................... 403
7.2 Global Tax Management .................................................................................................... 363
9.2 Application Programming Interfaces and Third-Party Integration ................. 404
7.3 Global Payments .................................................................................................................... 368
9.2.1 SAP S/4HANA Cloud Integration Technologies ............................................ 404
7.4 Localization Extensibility ................................................................................................... 369 9.2.2 Discovery of SAP S/4HANA Cloud APIs and Business Events ................... 406
7.4.1 Layers of a Localization ......................................................................................... 370 9.2.3 SAP S/4HANA Cloud API Request Process ...................................................... 407
7.4.2 Localization Extensibility ..................................................................................... 370 9.2.4 Third-Party Integration ......................................................................................... 408
7.4.3 Building a Community of Practice .................................................................... 370
9.3 Master Data ............................................................................................................................. 408
7.5 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 371 9.3.1 Master Data Integration ...................................................................................... 409
9.3.2 Master Data Management .................................................................................. 416
9.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 422
8 Extensibility 373

8.1 In-App/Key User Extensibility ......................................................................................... 374

10 SAP S/4HANA Cloud Adoption and
8.1.1 User Interface Flexibility ...................................................................................... 375
8.1.2 Field Extensibility ................................................................................................... 375
Lifecycle Management 423

8.1.3 Business Logic Extensibility and Tracing ........................................................ 377

8.1.4 Custom Business Objects .................................................................................... 378 10.1 Adoption versus Implementation .................................................................................. 423
8.1.5 Custom CDS Views ................................................................................................. 379 10.2 SAP Activate Methodology ............................................................................................... 425
10.2.1 Key Concepts of SAP Activate ............................................................................. 426

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10.2.2 Components of SAP Activate .............................................................................. 429 10.11.2 Customer Influence Opportunities .................................................................. 498
10.3 SAP S/4HANA Cloud Three-System Landscape ........................................................ 433 10.11.3 SAP Community ...................................................................................................... 500

10.4 Tool Support for SAP Activate .......................................................................................... 437 10.12 SAP Services and Support Offerings .............................................................................. 502
10.12.1 Kickstart for Cloud Onboarding ......................................................................... 504
10.4.1 Business-Driven Configuration .......................................................................... 438
10.12.2 SAP Value Assurance for SAP S/4HANA Cloud ............................................. 504
10.4.2 SAP Cloud ALM ........................................................................................................ 450
10.12.3 Quick-Start Service for SAP S/4HANA Cloud ................................................. 504
10.5 Phases of SAP Activate ........................................................................................................ 459
10.12.4 Value Adoption Service for SAP S/4HANA Cloud ......................................... 505
10.5.1 Discover ..................................................................................................................... 459 10.12.5 SAP Preferred Success ........................................................................................... 506
10.5.2 Prepare ....................................................................................................................... 460 10.12.6 SAP Enterprise Support ......................................................................................... 506
10.5.3 Explore ....................................................................................................................... 462
10.13 Critical Success Factors ........................................................................................................ 507
10.5.4 Realize ........................................................................................................................ 464
10.5.5 Deploy ........................................................................................................................ 466 10.14 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 509
10.5.6 Run .............................................................................................................................. 468
10.6 Identity and Access Management ................................................................................. 469
10.6.1 Identity and Access Management and Authorizations ............................. 469 11 Conclusion 511
10.6.2 SAP Activate Methodology for Identity and Access Management ........ 470
10.6.3 Phase Activities ....................................................................................................... 471
11.1 Additional Learning Resources ........................................................................................ 511
10.6.4 SAP Cloud Identity Services ................................................................................. 473
11.1.1 SAP Learning Site .................................................................................................... 511
10.6.5 Integration ................................................................................................................ 474
11.1.2 openSAP ..................................................................................................................... 512
10.7 Data Migration ....................................................................................................................... 474 11.1.3 SAP Learning Hub ................................................................................................... 513
10.7.1 SAP S/4HANA Migration Cockpit ...................................................................... 474 11.1.4 SAP Learning Journey Illustrations ................................................................... 513
10.7.2 Data Migration Process and Project Considerations .................................. 477 11.1.5 SAP Certification ..................................................................................................... 514
10.8 Release Management .......................................................................................................... 478 11.1.6 SAP Help Portal ........................................................................................................ 515
10.8.1 Release Upgrade Schedule .................................................................................. 479 11.2 Summary and Outlook ........................................................................................................ 516
10.8.2 Plan and Perform Preparation Steps ................................................................ 480
10.8.3 Tools and Best Practices ....................................................................................... 480
10.8.4 Communication and Organizational Change Management
The Authors ............................................................................................................................................. 519
Measures ................................................................................................................... 482
Index .......................................................................................................................................................... 527
10.8.5 Continuous Delivery for SAP S/4HANA Cloud .............................................. 482
10.9 Test Management ................................................................................................................. 485
10.9.1 Testing SAP S/4HANA Cloud Implementations ........................................... 485
10.9.2 Test Automation Tool for SAP S/4HANA Cloud ............................................ 487
10.10 Embedded Learning and User Assistance ................................................................... 491
10.10.1 In-Application User Assistance .......................................................................... 491
10.10.2 Embedded Enablement Content ....................................................................... 492
10.10.3 What’s New Content ............................................................................................. 493
10.10.4 SAP Enable Now ...................................................................................................... 494
10.11 Roadmap, Customer Influence, and Community .................................................... 495
10.11.1 SAP Road Map Explorer ........................................................................................ 496

14 15
Index

8D report .................................................................. 353 Ariba Network ....................... 75, 79, 215, 216, 260
Artificial intelligence (AI) .................................. 154
A Asset collaboration ................................................. 86
Asset maintenance .............................................. 293
ABAP ............................................................................. 57 Asset management .............................................. 282
ABAP Development Tools ................ 47, 386, 397 Asset master data ................................................. 285
ABAP for cloud development .......................... 396 Asset performance management ......... 282, 283
ABAP for key users ............................................... 396 Asset under construction ................................. 335
ABAP RESTful application programming Attended bots ........................................................ 128
model ....................................... 387, 392, 394, 436 Automated order capture ................................. 259
abapGit ...................................................................... 398 Automatic failure analysis ............................... 489
Accelerated returns management ................. 264 Automation ..................................................... 38, 125
Accelerators ............................................................ 432 Available-to-promise (ATP) ..................... 245, 247
Access levels ............................................................ 470 check ..................................................................... 246
Access schema ........................................................... 51
Accruals Management app ............................... 297 B
Actual cost analysis .............................................. 286
Adaptation transport organizer ............ 380, 436 Batch determination ........................................... 356
Advanced Financial Closing app ..................... 299 Batch genealogy .................................................... 356
Advanced intercompany sales ........................ 314 Batch management ............................................. 356
capabilities ......................................................... 317 Batch-managed products .................................. 244
process orchestration and monitoring ... 316 Best practices content ........................................ 134
process overview .............................................. 314 Bill of materials (BOM) ....................................... 329
steps ....................................................................... 315 Billing ............................................................... 251, 263
Advanced variant configuration (AVC) ....... 256, Billing documents ................................................ 262
317, 318, 349 Blockchain .................................................................. 84
Agile techniques .................................................... 428 Blue-green deployment ........................................ 50
AI factory .................................................................. 132 Blue-listed API ....................................................... 229
Analytical list page ............................ 152, 187, 188 Budget availability control ............................... 335
reports .................................................................. 197 Buffer positioning ................................................ 224
Analytical query views ........................................ 204 Business activity ...................................................... 66
Analytics ......................................................... 103, 175 Business adaptation catalog ................... 440, 441
architecture ........................................................ 199 Business Add-Ins (BAdIs) ................................... 378
business user ...................................................... 183 Business area ................................................. 440, 441
sales ....................................................................... 265 Business capabilities .................................... 65, 209
sourcing and procurement .......................... 219 Business catalogs ............................... 193, 469, 470
specialist .................................................... 191, 193 Business contexts ............................. 171, 376, 381
use cases .............................................................. 181 Business events ..................................................... 405
Analyze Automated Test Result app ............. 488 Business flow automation ................................ 488
APIs ................................................................... 394, 397 Business information model .............................. 65
App Finder ............................................................... 167 Business option .................................................... 442
Application development ................................. 103 Business package ......................................... 441, 442
Application integration ...................................... 404 Business process
Application lifecycle ............................................ 450 flows ...................................................................... 429
Application Programming Interface group .................................................................... 440
(API) .................................................... 123, 404, 405 management ........................................................ 57
request process .................................................. 407 model ....................................................................... 65
strategy ................................................................ 404 monitoring ......................................................... 457

527
Index Index

Business process (Cont.) Communication scenarios ................................ 403 D Edmin ........................................................................ 502
variants ......................................................... 66, 440 Compliance .............................................................. 363 Elasticity ...................................................................... 53
Business process as a service ...................... 30, 68 Compliance Information app ........................... 340 Dangerous goods .................................................. 341 Embedded analytics .................. 48, 175, 177, 183
Business process intelligence ..................... 30, 87 Compliance requirements ................................. 340 Dashboards ................................................... 178, 190 Embedded enablement content .................... 492
intelligent enterprise ......................................... 90 Compliant transport ............................................ 341 Data access ............................................................... 201 Embedded insights .............................................. 176
stages ....................................................................... 89 Composable applications ..................................... 28 Data centers ............................................................ 116 Embedded predictive apps ............................... 178
Business roles ............................................... 469, 470 Computer-aided design (CAD) ......................... 328 Data control language (DCL) ............................ 394 Embedding machine learning ........................ 131
Business topic ........................................................ 442 Condition contract ............................................... 257 Data extraction ...................................................... 205 Emergency patches ............................................. 483
Business value ........................................................... 31 Configuration ......................................................... 449 Data management ................................................ 102 End-to-end business processes ................... 64, 67
agility ....................................................................... 32 Configuration effort ............................................. 439 Data manipulation ............................................... 404 generic ..................................................................... 66
faster implementations .................................... 33 Configuration Localization Tool ..................... 446 Data migration ....................................................... 474 End-to-end process blueprints .......................... 61
innovation ............................................................. 34 Configuration monitoring ................................ 439 project considerations ................................... 477 Engineering and requirements
mergers and acquisitions ................................ 35 Configure Your Solution app, map format steps ....................................................................... 475 management ..................................................... 332
operational and financial ................................ 35 data ......................................................................... 368 transform data .................................................. 476 Engineering change management ................ 329
preconfigured content ...................................... 36 Configure, price, and quote (CPQ) .................. 275 Data model ................................................................. 51 Engineer-to-order (ETO) ........................... 318, 350
standardization and automation ................ 38 Configure-to-order (CTO) ................................... 318 Data quality ............................................................. 477 Enterprise agreement ......................................... 107
TCO ........................................................................... 36 Connected products ............................................. 332 Data quality management ...................... 418, 420 Enterprise analytics .................................... 175, 180
Business view ......................................................... 496 Consolidation ......................................................... 420 Data sources ............................................................ 195 Enterprise portfolio and project
Business-focused coding ................................... 107 Consumable item .................................................. 214 Days sales outstanding (DSO) .......................... 301 management ..................................................... 333
By-product ............................................................... 357 Consumer products ............................................. 354 Decentralized staffing ......................................... 345 Entitlements ........................................................... 108
Consumption-based pricing ............................. 107 Decision board ....................................................... 509 Entity manipulation language (EML) ........... 393
C Content lifecycle .................................................... 438 Deliverables ............................................................ 432 Environment management ............................. 339
Content lifecycle management ....................... 449 Delivery management ........................................ 241 Equipment as a service (EQaaS) ...................... 281
Calculated measure .............................................. 196 Contextual help ..................................................... 493 Delivery of customer projects ......................... 312 EU Supply Chain Due Diligence Directive ..... 84
Capacity planning ................................................. 226 Contingent workforce ......................................... 345 Demand-driven analytics .................................. 225 Evaluated receipt settlement (ERS) ............... 352
Cash application .................................................... 301 Continuous adoption .......................................... 484 Demand-driven replenishment ............ 224, 225 Evaluation project ................................................ 442
Cash Management app ....................................... 304 Continuous delivery ............................................ 482 Dependency trace ................................................. 319 Event service .......................................................... 136
CDS views .............................................. 132, 198, 376 Continuous engineering .................................... 483 Design-to-operate .................................................... 60 Event-based revenue recognition ........ 335, 346
custom .................................................................. 379 Continuous integration ...................................... 482 Determination record ......................................... 249 Event-Based Revenue Recognition app ....... 275
Central payment monitoring .......................... 304 Continuous success services ............................ 503 Developer extensibility ............................ 391, 434 Event-driven extensions .......................... 388, 389
Centralized staffing .............................................. 345 Contract management .............................. 210, 256 Developer platforms ........................................... 101 example ............................................................... 390
CEWE Stiftung & Co. KGaA ................................... 24 Contract type .......................................................... 344 Development efficiency ..................................... 385 Events ........................................................................ 388
Change execution ................................................. 330 Coproduct ................................................................. 357 Development line ................................................. 434 sources ................................................................. 389
Chatbots ................................................................... 125 Core data services (CDS) ............ 52, 61, 182, 203, Differentiating processes ..................................... 26 Experience data ........................................................ 99
Chemical companies ........................................... 354 287, 411 Digital assistants ......................................... 148, 169 Experience economy ............................................. 97
Circular economy .................................................... 93 Cost Center – Actuals app .................................. 190 Digital experience ................................................ 384 Experience management ..................................... 97
Climate action ........................................................... 93 Cost rates .................................................................. 344 Digital process automation .............................. 385 Export Customizing Transports app ............ 436
Cloud adoption ...................................................... 423 Create, read, update, and delete (CRUD) ....... 71, Digital transformation .......................................... 32 Extensibility .................................................... 69, 373
post go-live ......................................................... 424 378, 405 Digital twin ................................................................. 86 business logic .................................................... 377
versus implementation .................................. 423 Cross-product analytics ........................................ 63 Dimension views .................................................. 203 explore options ................................................. 380
versus on-premise ............................................ 424 Cube view ................................................................. 203 Discrete manufacturing ........................... 222, 348 fields ............................................................. 375, 376
Cloud ERP .................................................................... 27 Custom Analytical Queries app ............. 193, 195 Display Sales Order – VA03 app ...................... 158 integration ......................................................... 377
Cloud Foundry ....................................................... 387 Custom business objects .................................... 378 Dock appointment scheduling .......................... 83 options ................................................................. 373
Cloud Integration Automation service ........... 62 Custom Fields and Logic app ........ 375, 377, 378 Document Information Extraction templates ............................................................ 380
Cloud qualities .......................................................... 44 Customer Influence program ........................... 498 service ................................................................... 129 Extensibility cockpit ........................................... 381
CloudEvents ............................................................ 388 Customer projects ....................................... 335, 342 Domain models ........................................................ 61 Extension points ......................................... 394, 395
Code pushdown ........................................................ 52 Customer service ......................................... 258, 273 Dynamic capacity management ....................... 53 External processing ............................................. 234
Cold storage ............................................................ 136 Customer-controlled rollout ............................ 484 External services procurement ...................... 214
Collaboration .......................................................... 331 Cutover planning .................................................. 467 E Extract, transform, load tool ........................... 476
Collaborative sourcing ....................................... 210 Cycle Counting Classification app .................. 240
Commodity processes ........................................... 26 eCl@ss .......................................................................... 85
Ecosystems ................................................................. 69

528 529
Index Index

F I Intelligent technologies ........................... 104, 119 Logistics ................................................................... 236

example ............................................................... 139 execution ................................................... 236, 241
Feature toggles ............................................. 484, 485 IAM Key Figures app .................................. 472, 473 Intent-based navigation .................................... 190 Low code ...................................... 106, 129, 384, 387
Federated access .................................................... 205 Identity and access management ................... 469 Intercompany Matching and
Fields .......................................................................... 376 phase activities .................................................. 471 Reconciliation app ........................................... 298 M
Filter variants ......................................................... 152 SAP Activate methodology ........................... 470 Intercompany posting ........................................ 344
Filters ......................................................................... 442 Identity Authentication service .............. 62, 473 International Financial Reporting Machine intelligence ................................. 144, 154
Financial planning and analysis (FP&A) ...... 300 Identity management ........................................... 62 Standards (IFRS) ................................................ 296 Machine learning ... 48, 122, 123, 130, 217, 266,
Fit-to-standard ....... 424, 439, 443, 444, 462, 464 Identity Provisioning service ........................... 474 Inventory KPI Analysis app .............................. 179 334, 335
workshop activities ......................................... 462 iFlows ......................................................................... 404 Inventory management ........................... 237, 240 approaches ......................................................... 131
workshops ........................................................... 427 Improvement maintenance ............................. 288 process overview .............................................. 237 Main line .................................................................. 435
Floor plans ............................................ 150–152, 154 In-app developer extensibility .............. 374, 391 Investment projects ............................................. 335 Maintenance
Freight charges and settlement ...................... 248 In-app extensibility ............................. 47, 373, 374 Invoice and payables management .............. 210 demand generation ........................................ 289
Freight requests ........................................................ 83 lifecycle management .................................... 380 Invoice management .......................................... 262 execution ............................................................ 293
Freight settlement ................................................... 84 In-application user assistance .......................... 491 Invoice-to-cash ...................................................... 301 management ............................................ 281, 282
Freight visibility ....................................................... 83 Inbound processing with deliveries .............. 242 Invoice-to-pay ........................................................ 301 notification ........................................................ 292
Fulfillment ............................................................... 261 Incident management ........................................ 338 Invoicing .................................................................. 216 order ..................................................................... 292
Fulfillment of physical goods .......................... 311 Industry cloud ............................................ 68, 71, 72 plan .............................................................. 273, 274
key concepts ......................................................... 71 J planning .............................................................. 288
G strategy ................................................................... 69 strategies ............................................................ 287
Industry variants ................................................... 342 Job monitoring ...................................................... 457 Maintenance Planning Overview app ......... 290
Gecode ....................................................................... 318 In-house repair ....................................................... 278 Journey to process analytics ............................... 89 Make-to-order (MTO) ....................... 223, 231, 349
Generally Accepted Accounting transaction history .......................................... 280 Make-to-stock (MTS) ........................ 223, 231, 348
Standards (GAAP) ............................................. 296 Innovation .......................................................... 39, 70 K Manage Business Role Changes after
Geomarketing extension .................................. 390 platform ............................................................... 101 Upgrade app ...................................................... 473
Global payments ................................................... 368 In-place analytical apps ...................................... 178 Kanban ............................................................ 137, 231 Manage Document and Reporting
Global tax management .................................... 363 Insight-to-action ....................... 184, 185, 188, 227 Kanban Board app ................................................ 232 Compliance app ............................................... 365
Global Transport Label (GTL) ........................... 249 Integrated production scheduling ................. 225 Key performance indicator (KPI) ......... 146, 169, Manage Electronic Documents app .............. 365
Globalization .......................................................... 361 Integration ............................................................... 401 183, 185, 197, 219 Manage KPIs and Reports app ...... 193, 197, 207
Goods and Invoice Receipt best practices ...................................................... 402 framework .......................................................... 178 Manage Prices – Sales app ................................. 254
Reconciliation app ........................................... 296 monitoring .......................................................... 456 Key user extensibility ......................................... 374 Manage Project Billing app ............................... 346
Goods and services taxes (GST) ....................... 363 packages .............................................................. 404 Key users .................................................................. 380 Manage Project Demand app .......................... 335
Goods receipt ...................................... 234, 238, 241 rational ................................................................. 401 Kickstart for cloud onboarding ....................... 504 Manage RFQs app ........................................ 212, 213
GR/IR account ........................................................ 296 SAP S/4HANA Cloud ........................................ 403 Klein, Christian ......................................................... 58 Manage Sales Item Proposals app ................. 157
Group Reporting app ........................................... 299 setup and tools .................................................. 403 Manage Service Entry Sheet app .................... 216
Guided tours ........................................................... 493 strategy ................................................................. 401 L Manage Situation Types app ........................... 124
third-party ........................................................... 408 Manage Teams and Responsibilities app ... 124
H Integration flows ................................................... 408 Language support ................................................. 361 Manage Work Center Utilization app .......... 293
Integration packs ................................................... 408 Lead-to-cash ..................................................... 59, 250 Manage Your Test Processes app ................... 465,
Handling unit management .................. 249, 358 Integration pipeline ............................................. 483 Learning resources ............................................... 511 487, 490
Handling Unit Monitor app .............................. 250 Intelligent approval workflow ......................... 217 Learning tutorials ................................................. 492 Managed implementations ............................. 393
Health and Safety Management ..................... 338 Intelligent enterprise .......................... 55, 109, 438 Life sciences ............................................................ 355 Management of change ..................................... 338
Heavy-edge computing platforms ................ 137 components .......................................................... 56 Lifecycle management ............. 62, 398, 423, 437 Manual work request creation ........................ 289
Hierarchy views ..................................................... 204 integrated enterprise ........................................ 58 Lifecycle-stable artifacts ..................................... 374 Manufacturing ...................................................... 222
Hot storage .............................................................. 136 Intelligent robotic process automation ......... 30 Light-edge platforms ........................................... 136 production modes ........................................... 222
Hotfix collections ................................................. 483 Intelligent scenario lifecycle Line of business (LOB) ......................................... 429 Manufacturing execution system (MES) .... 230
Hub-and-spoke model ........................................ 412 management ...................................................... 133 List and filter apps ................................................ 177 Margin Analysis app ........................................... 301
Human-to-human chat ...................................... 171 Intelligent Situation Automation ................... 120 Local regulations ................................................... 361 Marketplace platforms ....................................... 101
Hybrid analytical-transactional apps ........... 178 framework ........................................................... 122 Localization ............................................................. 361 Mass processing .................................................... 420
Hyperscalers ................................................. 105, 489 Intelligent suite ........................................................ 55 Localization extensibility ............... 369, 370, 446 Massive open online courses (MOOCs) ....... 512
qualities .................................................................. 60 Localization layers ................................................ 370 Master data ............................................................. 408
consolidation .................................................... 417

530 531
Index Index

Master data integration ........................... 409, 416 Operational procurement ................................. 214 Pricing Elements – Flexible Analysis app .... 254 Q
Master data management ................................. 416 Operational purchasing ...................................... 210 Pro code .................................................................... 384
Master recipe .......................................................... 356 Operations and overhead maintenance ...... 288 Proactive maintenance ...................................... 288 Quality gates .......................................................... 427
Material document .............................................. 238 Order capture .......................................................... 259 Problem-solving process ................................... 236 Quality management ...................... 235, 236, 358
Material flow ........................................................... 231 Order Engineering Worklist app ..................... 318 Process content viewer ...................................... 453 trigger points ..................................................... 235
Material master ..................................................... 211 Order management .................................... 251, 256 Process Discovery .................................................... 91 Quality system ...................................................... 468
Microlearning ......................................................... 512 Organizational change management Process manufacturing ............................ 223, 353 Qualtrics ............................................................... 89, 97
Microsoft Teams ................................................... 172 (OCM) ................................................ 427, 482, 507 Process mapping ................................................... 193 Quantity contract ................................................. 257
Midpoint scheduling ........................................... 226 Organizational structure ....... 439, 444, 447, 448 Process model ........................................................... 66 Queries ..................................................................... 195
Migrate Your Data app ........................................ 475 Outbound processing with deliveries ........... 242 Process orders .............................................. 223, 356 Quick-start service ............................................... 504
Migration objects .................................................. 476 Output management ........................................... 227 Procurement analytics ....................................... 210 Quotation ....................................................... 255, 321
Mill products .......................................................... 354 Outsourced manufacturing .................... 233, 234 Procure-to-pay ....................................................... 210 Quote-to-cash process ................................. 34, 308
Mobile analytics .................................................... 302 Overdue Materials app ........................................ 240 Product allocation ................................................ 246 Quote-to-order ...................................................... 252
Mobile apps ............................................................. 159 Overview pages ...................................................... 186 Product as a service ................................................. 42
Modeling .................................................................. 200 Product availability check ................................. 246 R
Modular architecture .......................................... 402 P Product compliance ................................... 339, 357
Modularity ............................................................... 427 Product costing ..................................................... 331 Reactive maintenance ........................................ 288
Monitor Mass Changes app .............................. 167 Periodic billing plan ............................................. 276 Product data management (PDM) ................. 328 Real user monitoring .......................................... 458
Monitor Materials Without Contract app ... 154 Periodic inventory .................................................. 41 Product experience (PX) champions ............... 99 Receivables management ................................. 301
Monitor Purchase Order Items app ..... 153, 220 Persistency ............................................................... 200 Product lifecycle management (PLM) .......... 326 Record-to-report ................................................... 296
Monitor Situations app ...................................... 122 Persistent data storage ........................................ 123 Product master ...................................................... 211 Recruit-to-retire ....................................................... 59
Monitor Supplier Confirmations app ........... 139 Personalization ............................................ 166–169 Product survey .......................................................... 98 Recurring service ......................................... 273, 274
Monitor Value Chain app .................................. 316 Phases ........................................................................ 431 Production execution ......................................... 229 analytics .............................................................. 275
Monolithic architecture ..................................... 402 Physical inventory ............................... 40, 234, 239 Production operations ............................. 226, 228 REHAU AG China ..................................................... 30
Multidimensional reports ................................. 189 Pivot tables .............................................................. 178 Production part approval process (PPAP) ... 235 Reinvented business processes ......................... 39
Multitenancy ..................................................... 49, 50 Pixel-perfect reports ............................................ 177 Production system ............................................... 468 Release assessment and scope
My Sales Overview app ....................................... 258 Plan asset maintenance ...................................... 290 Production versions ............................................ 234 dependency tool .............................................. 481
My Situations app ................................................. 121 Plan Customer Projects app .............................. 343 Professional services ........................................... 342 Release management ......................................... 478
My Timesheet app ...................................... 335, 345 Planned independent requirement (PIR) .... 231 Progressive information disclosure .............. 122 postupgrade testing ....................................... 481
Planned orders ....................................................... 223 Project “Kyma” ....................................................... 107 preparation ........................................................ 480
N Planning and simulation apps ......................... 178 Project billing ............................................... 344, 346 tools ...................................................................... 480
Planning buckets ................................................... 292 Project Briefs app .................................................. 336 upgrade sequence ............................................ 479
Navigation ..................................................... 149, 150 Plan-to-optimize .................................................... 285 Project budgeting ................................................. 335 Release upgrade schedule ................................. 479
Near-zero downtime .............................................. 50 Platform as a service (PaaS) ............................... 217 Project collaboration ........................................... 337 Released artifacts .................................................. 395
Networked asset management ....................... 284 Point of service delivery ..................................... 268 Project Control app .............................................. 333 Release-for-delivery ............................................ 247
No code ........................................................... 106, 384 Post Goods Receipt for Purchasing Project controlling object .................................. 335 Reliability-centered maintenance ................. 283
Notifications ........................................ 147, 257, 388 Document app ................................................... 156 Project cost planning .......................................... 334 Repair confirmations .......................................... 280
Post upgrade test ............................... 485, 489, 490 Project Cost Report app ...................................... 335 Repair objects ......................................................... 278
O Prebuilt bots .................................................. 127, 128 Project Experience app .......... 442, 443, 445, 448 Repair order ............................................................ 280
Prebuilt content ..................................................... 128 Project lines ............................................................. 435 Repetitive manufacturing (REM) ................... 222,
OAuth 2.0 ................................................................. 403 Preconfigurations ................................................. 439 Project Planning App .......................................... 334 223, 231
OData ........................................................ 49, 182, 405 Predictive Accounting app ................................ 301 Project profitability .............................................. 347 Request for quotation (RFQ) ............................ 212
service ................................................................... 375 Predictive analytics .......................... 130, 218, 238 Project success engagement ............................ 503 Requirements management ............................ 332
One workflow inbox ............................................... 61 Predictive material and resource Project-based services ......................................... 342 Resource management ...................................... 345
Online analytical processing ............................... 47 planning ............................................................... 224 Provisioning of materials .................................. 234 Resource scheduling .................................. 290, 293
Online transaction processing ........................... 47 Predictive MRP ....................................................... 350 Provisioning of subscriptions ......................... 312 Resource-related billing ..................................... 347
openSAP ................................................................... 512 Preliminary billing document ......................... 347 Purchase order (PO) ................................... 216, 297 Responsibility management ........................... 120
Operate-to-maintain ........................................... 287 Pricing ........................................................................ 252 Purchase requisitions ......................................... 121 Restricted measure .............................................. 196
Operational analytics .......................................... 302 agreements ......................................................... 276 Purchasing Spend dashboard .......................... 221 Restrictions ............................................................. 470
Operational data provisioning (ODP) definition ............................................................. 253 Returns management ........................................ 263
framework .......................................................... 205 engine .................................................................... 253 Revenue Accounting app .................................. 298
Review Customer Projects app ....................... 348

532 533
Index Index

RISE with SAP .................................. 31, 91, 109–111 SAP Ariba .......................................................... 59, 211 SAP Cloud Identity Access Governance ....... 474 SAP Fiori (Cont.)
accelerate adoption ........................................ 116 SAP Ariba Discovery ............................................... 77 SAP Cloud Identity Services ....................... 62, 473 mapping to process ........................................ 194
big picture ........................................................... 117 SAP Ariba Sourcing ................................................. 77 SAP Cloud SDK ....................................................... 387 SAP Fiori apps reference library ..................... 375
build intelligent enterprise ........................... 115 SAP Asset Intelligence Network ...... 75, 86, 282, SAP Commerce Cloud ............................... 260, 350 SAP Fiori for Android .......................................... 159
chart your journey ........................................... 114 284, 285 SAP Community .......................................... 370, 500 SAP Fiori for iOS .................................................... 159
journey structure .............................................. 113 SAP Asset Strategy and Performance SAP Companion service ..................................... 148 SAP Fiori launchpad ............... 121, 143–145, 147,
technical transformation ............................. 115 Management ............................................ 287, 289 SAP Continuous Integration and 149, 152, 162, 166
Roadmap Viewer ................................................... 461 SAP Best Practices ............................. 127, 426, 429 Delivery ................................................................ 387 SAP Graph ...................................... 71, 107, 414, 415
Roadmaps ................................................................ 496 SAP Best Practices Explorer .................... 127, 402, SAP Conversational AI ................................. 49, 170 SAP HANA ........................................................... 47, 51
Robotic process automation (RPA) ................ 127 403, 429 SAP CPQ ................................................. 321, 322, 350 database .............................................................. 176
Run Statutory Reports app ............................... 366 SAP Beta Testing .................................................... 500 SAP Customer Engagement Initiative .......... 499 SAP HANA Cloud ........................................... 51, 103
SAP Billing and Revenue Innovation SAP Customer Experience .......................... 59, 250 SAP Help Portal ..................................................... 515
S Management ...................................................... 322 SAP Customer Guide ........................................... 159 SAP Innovation Management ......................... 327
SAP BTP, ABAP environment ................. 387, 394 SAP Data Intelligence ....................... 103, 123, 132 SAP Integrated Business Planning
Sales .................................................................. 250, 251 SAP Business Application Studio ......... 108, 145, SAP Data Warehouse Cloud ................... 103, 180, (SAP IBP) ................................................................. 80
analytics .............................................................. 266 154, 386, 397 182, 205 SAP Integration Solution Advisory
inquiries ............................................................... 255 SAP Business Explorer (SAP BEx) .................... 204 SAP Digital Manufacturing Cloud ................. 228, Methodology ................................................. 63, 64
order ............................................................ 335, 344 SAP Business Network ............................. 56, 73, 74 230, 357 SAP Integration Suite .............. 365, 405, 408–410
Sales billing ................................................... 262, 312 asset management ............................................ 85 SAP Discovery Center .......................................... 108 SAP Intelligent RPA ......... 38, 108, 124, 127, 139,
Sales force automation ....................................... 260 logistics ................................................................... 83 SAP Document and Reporting 218, 259, 512
Sales Management Overview app .................. 186 procurement ......................................................... 78 Compliance ........................................................ 364 architecture ........................................................ 126
Sales Order Fulfillment Issues app ................ 179 supply chain .................................................. 80, 81 capabilities ......................................................... 366 components ....................................................... 126
Sales process automation ..................................... 43 SAP Business Planning and reports .................................................................. 367 connectors .......................................................... 129
SAP 3D Visual Enterprise Consolidation (SAP BPC) ............................... 181 SAP Document and Reporting Compliance, content ................................................................. 127
Manufacturing Planner ................................. 329 SAP Business Suite .................................................. 57 private cloud edition ...................................... 365 creating custom bots ..................................... 129
SAP Activate ............................... 423, 425, 426, 508 SAP Business Technology Platform SAP Early Adopter Care ...................................... 500 design studio ..................................................... 129
components ........................................................ 429 (SAP BTP) ............. 27, 29, 47, 55, 100, 126, 161, SAP Enable Now ..................................................... 494 factory .................................................................. 126
deploy phase ................................... 440, 466, 472 217, 404, 412 SAP Engineering Control Center .................... 328 trial ........................................................................ 127
discover phase ................................................... 459 analytics ............................................................... 103 SAP Enterprise Architecture SAP Internet of Things (SAP IoT) .................... 135
explore phase ........................................... 462, 472 capabilities .......................................................... 101 Methodology ................................................ 61, 65 main services ..................................................... 135
integration .......................................................... 439 continuous evolution ...................................... 105 SAP Enterprise Portfolio and Project replenishment ................................................... 138
key concepts ....................................................... 426 free tier model .................................................... 108 Management ..................................................... 327 SAP Jam .................................................................... 168
key principles ..................................................... 426 SAP BusinessObjects Business SAP Enterprise Product Development ........ 326, SAP Learning .......................................................... 511
methodology ...................................................... 430 Intelligence ......................................................... 181 331, 332 SAP Learning Hub ................................................ 513
phases ................................................................... 430 SAP BW/4HANA ........................................... 180, 205 SAP Enterprise Support ...................................... 506 SAP Learning Journey ......................................... 513
prepare phase ................................. 460, 461, 472 SAP Central Business Configuration .... 30, 434, SAP Enterprise Support, cloud edition ......... 453 SAP Learning Rooms ........................................... 514
realize phase ................................... 440, 464, 472 438–440, 442, 444, 445, 447, 448, 450 SAP Environment, Health, and Safety SAP Learning System Access ........................... 514
run phase ................................................... 468, 473 local versions ...................................................... 362 Management .............................................. 97, 338 SAP Logistics Business Network ........................ 75
tools .................................................... 432, 437, 458 SAP Certification program ................................. 514 SAP Event Mesh ........................................... 388, 390 SAP Logistics Business Network,
SAP AI Business Services .................................... 132 SAP Cloud ALM .................. 62, 440, 450, 452, 453, SAP Extended Warehouse Management freight collaboration option .......................... 83
SAP AI Core .............................................................. 132 461, 465 (SAP EWM) .......................................................... 243 SAP Logistics Business Network,
SAP AI Launchpad ................................................. 132 automated testing ........................................... 455 SAP Extensibility Explorer ................................ 381 global track and trace option .................. 82, 84
SAP Analytics Cloud ........... 32, 48, 103, 136, 177, business process content ............................... 454 SAP Extension Suite ................................... 382, 384 SAP Logistics Business Network,
180, 205, 334 implementation ................................................ 453 phases ................................................................... 386 material traceability option ........................... 84
dashboard ........................................................... 181 notifications ....................................................... 458 tools ....................................................................... 385 SAP Maintenance Assistant .......... 288, 289, 294
data access ......................................................... 206 operations ........................................................... 456 SAP Field Service Management ....................... 269 SAP Manufacturing Execution ....................... 230
embedded edition ...... 190, 197, 202, 206, 207 operations activities ........................................ 451 SAP Fieldglass ............................................................ 80 SAP Master Data Governance
SAP API Business Hub .... 61, 107, 250, 380, 398, project overview ................................................ 455 SAP Fiori ....................... 49, 60, 143–145, 147–150, deployment options ....................................... 418
403–407 SAP Activate ....................................................... 454 161–163, 166, 177 key capabilities ................................................. 417
capabilities ......................................................... 406 test cases .............................................................. 455 apps ....................................................................... 150 SAP Master Data Governance,
homepage ........................................................... 406 SAP Cloud Application cards ...................................................................... 186 cloud edition ..................................................... 418
SAP AppGyver ........................................................ 107 Programming Model .................. 386, 390, 416 elements ............................................................... 387

534 535
Index Index

SAP Master Data Integration .................... 61, 411, SAP Warehouse Robotics ................................... 245 Situation Handling ................. 120, 124, 140, 257, SysML ........................................................................ 332
412, 414 SAP Workflow Management ............................. 259 311, 335 System
SAP Mobile Services ................................... 108, 162 SAPUI5 ......................................................................... 57 apps ....................................................................... 179 landscape ............................................................ 423
SAP Mobile Start .......................................... 145, 161 Scalability .................................................. 51, 53, 427 configuration ..................................................... 124 modeling ............................................................. 332
SAP NetWeaver Application Server Schedule Maintenance Plan app ..................... 274 example ............................................................... 120
for ABAP .................................................................. 47 Schedule Physical Inventory tracking and analysis ..................................... 122 T
SAP One Domain Model ......... 61, 335, 409, 411, Documents app ................................................. 240 Slow or Non-Moving Material app ................. 238
412, 414 Scheduling agreements ...................................... 352 Smart Press Shop GmbH & Co. KG ................... 28 Tables ........................................................................ 191
SAP ONE Service .................................................... 362 Scheduling parameters ....................................... 274 Smart sensing ......................................................... 135 settings ................................................................ 189
SAP Predictive Asset Insights ................ 282, 283, Scoping ...................... 439, 441, 442, 444, 445, 447 SOAP ........................................................................... 405 Tags ............................................................................ 442
285–287, 289 Screen maintenance demands ........................ 290 Social responsibility ............................................... 93 Tasks .......................................................................... 432
SAP Preferred Success ......................................... 506 Search ............................................................... 147, 150 Solution architecture ..................................... 44, 46 Technical object breakdowns .......................... 286
SAP Process Insights ............................................... 91 Security ....................................................................... 62 Solution Billing ...................................................... 263 Technical object damages ................................. 286
SAP Product Footprint Management .............. 95 Security and compliance .................................... 412 Solution business models ................................. 307 Technological debt .............................................. 411
SAP Product Lifecycle Costing ......................... 331 Selection views ....................................................... 168 Solution capabilities ............................................... 66 Technology platforms ........................................ 101
SAP Product Lifecycle Management Self-service configuration .................................. 253 Solution fit ............................................................... 427 Tenant .......................................................................... 49
(SAP PLM) ............................................................ 331 Self-service configuration user Solution order management ........................... 308 Tenant databases ..................................................... 50
SAP Qualtrics .......................................................... 332 interfaces (SSCUIs) ........................................... 435 Solution orders ...................................................... 309 Tenant isolation ....................................................... 50
SAP R/3 ......................................................................... 57 Serial number-managed products ................. 244 analytics .................................................... 313, 322 Test automates ...................................................... 485
SAP Recipe Development .................................. 330 Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) ......... 249 billing .................................................................... 312 Test automation tool ....................... 485, 487, 489
SAP Reference Business Architecture ...... 65, 73 Service fulfillment ........................................................... 311 key capabilities ................................................. 488
SAP Responsible Design and Production ....... 95 confirmation ...................................................... 270 revenue recognition ........................................ 312 Test Data Container app .................................... 488
SAP Returnable Packaging Management .... 353 level ........................................................................ 344 Source-to-pay .................................................... 59, 79 Test execution infrastructure ......................... 489
SAP Revenue Recognition ................................. 275 orientation .......................................................... 412 Sourcing .................................................................... 212 Test management ............................. 332, 454, 485
SAP Road Map Explorer ..................... 63, 403, 496 procurement ....................................................... 211 cockpit .................................................................. 212 phases .................................................................. 486
steps ....................................................................... 496 quotation ................................................... 270, 271 products ............................................................... 120 SAP Activate ...................................................... 485
SAP S/4HANA Asset Management for Service contract management ............... 275, 276 Sourcing and procurement .............................. 209 Test scripts .............................................................. 429
resource scheduling ........................................ 288 change processes .............................................. 277 Spend Variance app ............................................. 185 Test Your Processes app ........................... 465, 488
SAP S/4HANA Cloud for master data Service delivery ...................................................... 311 Spreadsheet upload ............................................. 259 Testing ...................................................................... 465
governance ............................................... 416, 419 Service management ........................................... 267 SQL views .................................................................... 48 Text views ................................................................ 204
SAP S/4HANA Cloud for product types ....................................................................... 268 Stability contracts ................................................. 394 The Open Group Architecture
compliance ............................................................ 97 Service order ................................................. 270–272 Staging tables ......................................................... 476 Framework (TOGAF) .......................................... 65
SAP S/4HANA Cloud for projects ................... 345 incomplete ........................................................... 273 Standard test automates .................................... 490 Third-party warehouse management .......... 243
SAP S/4HANA Cloud, ABAP environment ... 391 management ...................................................... 270 Starter development system ............................ 434 Three-system landscape .................................... 433
SAP S/4HANA for central procurement ...... 211 Service-level agreement (SLA) ................ 256, 276 Statistical inventory ............................................... 41 Time to adapt ............................................................ 88
SAP S/4HANA for product compliance ........ 339 Servitization .............................................................. 42 Stock Time to insight ......................................................... 88
SAP S/4HANA migration cockpit ................... 474 Set Up Organizational Structure app .... 446, 447 procurement ...................................................... 214 Total cost of ownership (TCO) ............................ 36
SAP SDK for iOS ..................................................... 161 Settings ............................................................ 149, 163 transfer ................................................................. 240 Track Sales Orders app ....................................... 261
SAP Self-Billing Cockpit ...................................... 353 Settlement management ................................... 257 Stock Availability Analysis for Trading partner collaboration ........................... 75
SAP Services and Support .................................. 502 Shop floor execution ........................................... 230 Just-In-Time Calls app .................................... 179 Trading partner discovery ................................... 77
SAP Signavio .............................................................. 87 Shop-on-behalf features ..................................... 214 Stock in transit ....................................................... 315 Trading partner portal ........................................... 76
solutions ................................................................. 87 Side-by-side analytics ............................................ 48 Stories ........................................................................ 190 Trading relationship request (TRR) .................. 78
SAP Signavio Process Intelligence .................... 91 Side-by-side extensibility ................. 47, 374, 381 Strategic value ........................................................... 32 Transfer of control ............................................... 317
SAP Signavio Process Transformation advantages ......................................................... 383 Subcontracting ............................................ 233, 234 Transport request attributes ........................... 436
Suite .................................................................. 87, 89 building ................................................................ 385 Subscription-based pricing ............................... 108 Transportation
SAP Smart Business ............................................. 184 motivation .......................................................... 382 Supervise Collections Worklist app ..... 179, 187 demand ................................................................ 248
SAP Solution Manager ........................................ 452 process flow ........................................................ 389 Supplier management ........................................ 210 execution ............................................................ 248
SAP Subscription Billing .................................... 308 scenarios .............................................................. 384 Supply chain collaboration .................................. 81 management ..................................................... 248
SAP Supplier Problem-Solving ........................ 353 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) .......... 405 Supply-to-line (S2L) .............................................. 352 planning .............................................................. 248
SAP Sustainability Control Tower ..................... 96 Simplicity ................................................................. 411 Sustainability management ................. 56, 92, 94 Treasury and cash management .................... 303
SAP Value Assurance ........................................... 504 Simulation Environment app .......................... 319 Sustainable materials hub ................................... 95 Treasury Executive Dashboard app .............. 304
SAP Variant Configuration and Pricing ....... 322 Swift Apple iOS ...................................................... 161

536 537
Index

Trial system ............................................................. 460 View Browser app ........................................ 193, 198
Two-tier ERP setup ............................................... 430 Virtual data model (VDM) .......................... 47, 379
Virtual events ......................................................... 502
U Visual Design Stream (VDS) .............................. 332
Visual Studio Code ................................................ 154
Unattended bots ................................................... 128 Visualization ........................................................... 202
Universal Journal ........................................ 295, 296 Voice of the customer ......................................... 332
Unmanaged implementations ........................ 393
Use cases ...................................................................... 31 W
User actions menu ..................................... 149, 167
User centricity ........................................................ 411 Warehouse inbound processing ..................... 243
User experience (UX) .................................... 60, 143 Warehouse KPIs – Operations app ................. 245
design language ..................................... 144, 145 Warehouse management system
design system .......................................... 144, 159 (WMS) .......................................................... 243, 244
mobile user experience .................................. 155 Warehouse outbound processing .................. 244
User interface adaptation ............... 162, 163, 375 Warehouse Robotics ............................................ 245
app variant ......................................................... 164 Warm storage .......................................................... 136
app variants .................................... 162, 163, 168 WBS element ........................................................... 334
end users ........................ 143, 144, 155, 162, 164 Web assistant .......................................................... 439
key users ........................................... 143, 144, 162 What’s New content ............................................. 493
UI elements ............................................... 162, 163 What’s New Viewer ..................................... 473, 502
User support ........................................................... 121 Whitelisted APIs ..................................................... 229
Users access applications .................................. 470 Work in progress (WIP) ............................. 346, 347
Work item ................................................................. 343
V Work package ................................................ 334, 343
Workflow inbox ..................................................... 215
Value adoption service ....................................... 505 Workstreams ................................................. 428, 431
Value chain monitoring ..................................... 314 Wrapper app ............................................................ 202
Value contract ........................................................ 257
Value-added taxes (VAT) .................................... 363 Z
Value-generating scenarios .............................. 104
Variant Configuration Overview page ......... 320 Zero quantity confirmation ................................ 41
Variants ..................................................................... 189

538
 First-hand knowledge.

Thomas Saueressig is a member of the Executive Board of SAP

SE. He leads the SAP product engineering board area and has
global responsibility for all business software applications.

Jan Gilg is the president of SAP S/4HANA, SAP’s flagship product

that encompasses ERP, finance, and the supply chain. In this role,
he has global responsibility for the development, delivery, and
product management of SAP S/4HANA, SAP’s industry solutions,
and the SAP Digital Supply Chain portfolio.
Uwe Grigoleit is globally responsible for end-to-end go-to-mar-
ket strategy and solution management of cloud and on-premise
SAP S/4HANA. He ensures that this new innovation is picked up
by all markets units of SAP and acts as a solution evangelist with
customers, press, and analysts.
Arpan Shah is the head of SAP S/4HANA Cloud product manage-
ment at SAP, and is committed to helping customers and part-
ners be successful with industry-leading ERP cloud solutions.

Almer Podbicanin is the head of SAP S/4HANA portfolio ma-

nagement. In this role, he drives product strategy and innovati-
on, ensuring SAP continues to design and deliver groundbrea-
king capabilities for customers in all industries and geographies.
Marcus Homann works for the SAP S/4HANA strategy team at
SAP. In this role, he supports important strategic initiatives and
Saueressig, Gilg, Grigoleit, Shah, Podbicanin, Homann takes care of critical customer requirements.

SAP S/4HANA Cloud: An Introduction

538, Pages, 2nd, updated and revised edition, 2022, $79.95
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