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Science and Technology (212)
Tutor Marked Assignment
Note: 1. All questions are compulsory. The marks allotted for each
question are indicated against each question.
2.Write your name enrolment number, AI name, and subject on the top
of the first page of the answer sheet.
Question-1: Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60
words.
(b) An object is dropped from the height of 49 m.
(a) Find the distance travelled by object
(i) before striking the ground.
(ii) in last second of its journey.
(b) Find the time taken by object before falling on the ground.
(c) Calculate the velocity with which it strikes the ground.
Answer: (a) Distance traveled: (i) 49m, (ii) 21.13m
(b) Time taken: 3.16s
(c) Velocity at impact: 31.01m/s
Question-2: Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60
words.
(b) Rakesh runs a laundry shop. Water in his locality does not form
lather with soap. What is the term given to such water? Suggest some
methods which can help Rakesh to get rid of this problem.
Answer: The term given to such water is "hard water". Hard water contains
high levels of minerals like calcium and magnesium, which prevent soap from
lathering.
To overcome this problem, Rakesh can try the following methods:
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- Use a water softener to remove minerals that cause hardness.
- Use a detergent specifically designed for hard water.
- Add a water conditioner to the washing machine.
- Use hot water, which can help soap lather better in hard water.
- Consider installing a reverse osmosis system.
Question-3: Answer any one of the following questions in about 40-60
words.
(a) Name the big change or revolution due to which India
became self
agriculture. Which agricultural scientist was credited for this
revolution? Also briefly explain the initiatives that brought the
revolution.
Answer: The big change or revolution that made India self-sufficient in
agriculture is the "Green Revolution". Dr. M.S. Swaminathan is credited with
leading this revolution.
The initiatives that brought the revolution include:
- Introduction of high-yielding varieties of wheat and rice
- Increased use of fertilizers and irrigation
- Expansion of irrigation facilities
- Establishment of agricultural research institutions
- Government support through policies and subsidies
- Collaboration with international organizations like the International Maize
and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
These initiatives transformed India from a food-importing country to a self-
sufficient one.
Question-4: Answer any one of the following questions in about 100-150
words.
(b) French Chemist Antoine Lavoisier carefully studied chemical
reactions by using a chemical balance in his setup. In an experiment he
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took a substance which is the only metal which exists in liquid state at
room temperature and generally used in analogue thermometer. Then
he heated this substance in a sealed flask containing air for several days.
He observed a new red-coloured substance was formed. The gas
remaining in the flask was reduced in mass.(See Lesson – 3)
(a) Write the name of any two of the following:
(i) The substance which was heated in a sealed flask.
(ii) New red-coloured substance which was formed after several days.
(iii) The gas used up in production of red coloured substance in the flask.
(iv) The remaining gas in the flask.
(b) Is the change that took place in the sealed flask: a chemical change or
a physical change?
(c) Why the mass of the remaining gas in the flask reduced?
(d) Does reduction in the mass of gas remaining in the flask violate the
law of conservation of mass? Explain briefly.
Answer: (a) (i) Mercury (ii) Mercuric oxide
(b) The change that took place in the sealed flask is a chemical change.
(c) The mass of the remaining gas in the flask reduced because some of the
oxygen gas in the flask reacted with the mercury to form mercuric oxide.
(d) No, the reduction in the mass of gas remaining in the flask does not violate
the law of conservation of mass. The total mass of the reactants (mercury and
oxygen) is equal to the total mass of the products (mercuric oxide and
remaining oxygen). The mass is conserved, but it is redistributed
among the products.
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Question-5: Answer anyone of the following questions in 100-150 words.
(b) (a) “If you consider the 24 hours geological clock with the origin of
life set at midnight, we can say that humans have come on this planet
just less than a minute ago.” Explain the statement in the light of history
of life on earth. (See Lesson -20)
(b) Identify the type of epithelial tissue from its location in human body
as given below. Write its name and any one function of each
(i) Epithelial tissue that forms outermost layer of skin.
(ii) Epithelial tissue that forms Inner lining of the stomach and the
intestine.
Answer: Step 1: Explanation of the statement
The statement implies that if we compress the 4.5 billion-year history of our
planet into a 24-hour clock, with the origin of life at midnight, humans have
only been present for less than a minute. This highlights the relatively recent
emergence of humans in the Earth's history.
Step 2: Answer to part (b) (i) The epithelial tissue that forms the outermost
layer of skin is called the Squamous Epithelium.
Function: Protects the body from external damage, such as mechanical,
thermal, and chemical injuries.
Step 3: Answer to part (b) (ii)
The epithelial tissue that forms the inner lining of the stomach and intestine is
called the Columnar Epithelium.
Function: Absorbs nutrients from digested food into the bloodstream.
The final answer is: There is no final numerical answer to this problem.
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Question-6 Prepare any one project as given below.
(b) Explore about the vehicles that runs on conventional fossil fuels and
the vehicles that runs on electricity. Write a report of your findings
which should include detailed comparative analysis of the two types of
vehicles.
(Hints: Compare about Advantages, disadvantages, impact on environment,
Limitations, challenges, future perspectives, sustainable development,etc.)
Also, explain how the electric vehicles can be a game changer and
provide solution to the challenge of fossil fuel dependence.
Answer: Comparative Analysis of Conventional Fossil Fuel Vehicles and
Electric Vehicles
The world is witnessing a significant shift in the transportation sector, with
electric vehicles (EVs) emerging as a viable alternative to conventional fossil
fuel vehicles. This report presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of
the two types of vehicles, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages,
environmental impact, limitations, challenges, and future perspectives.
Conventional Fossil Fuel Vehicles
Advantages:
- Wide availability of fueling stations
- Well-established manufacturing infrastructure
- Lower upfront costs
Disadvantages:
- Dependence on finite fossil fuel resources
- Significant greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change
- Air pollution in urban areas
Electric Vehicles
Advantages:
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- Zero tailpipe emissions, reducing air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions
- Lower operating costs due to reduced energy consumption
- Smooth and quiet ride
Disadvantages:
- Limited range and charging infrastructure
- Higher upfront costs
- Dependence on non-renewable energy sources for charging
Environmental Impact
Conventional fossil fuel vehicles are a significant contributor to greenhouse
gas emissions, accounting for approximately 15% of global emissions. In
contrast, EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, reducing air pollution and
greenhouse gas emissions.
Limitations and Challenges
Conventional fossil fuel vehicles face limitations due to depleting fossil fuel
resources and increasing environmental concerns. EVs, on the other hand,
face challenges related to range anxiety, charging infrastructure, and high
upfront costs.
Future Perspectives and Sustainable Development
EVs have the potential to transform the transportation sector, reducing
dependence on fossil fuels and mitigating climate change. Governments and
companies are investing heavily in EV infrastructure, with many countries
setting targets for EV adoption.
Electric Vehicles: A Game Changer
EVs can be a game changer in the transportation sector, providing a
sustainable solution to fossil fuel dependence. With decreasing battery costs
and increasing charging infrastructure, EVs are becoming more accessible and
affordable. As the world transitions to a low-carbon economy, EVs will play a
crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable
development.
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In conclusion, EVs offer a cleaner, more sustainable alternative to
conventional fossil fuel vehicles. While challenges remain, the benefits of EVs
make them an attractive option for a low-carbon future.
