SQL
11. SQL ─ CREATE Table ................................................................................................................................ 48
SQL - Creating a Table from an Existing Table ............................................................................................... 49
12. SQL ─ DROP or DELETE Table ................................................................................................................... 51
13. SQL ─ INSERT Query ................................................................................................................................ 53
14. SQL ─ SELECT Query ................................................................................................................................ 56
15. SQL ─ WHERE Clause ............................................................................................................................... 59
16. SQL ─ AND & OR Conjunctive Operators ................................................................................................. 62
The AND Operator ......................................................................................................................................... 62
The OR Operator ........................................................................................................................................... 63
17. SQL ─ UPDATE Query .............................................................................................................................. 66
18. SQL ─ DELETE Query ................................................................................................................................ 69
19. SQL ─ LIKE Clause .................................................................................................................................... 72
20. SQL ─ TOP, LIMIT or ROWNUM Clause .................................................................................................... 76
21. SQL ─ ORDER BY Clause ........................................................................................................................... 79
22. SQL ─ Group By ....................................................................................................................................... 82
23. SQL ─ Distinct Keyword ........................................................................................................................... 86
24. SQL ─ SORTING Results ........................................................................................................................... 89
25. SQL ─ Constraints .................................................................................................................................... 92
SQL - NOT NULL Constraint ........................................................................................................................... 92
SQL - DEFAULT Constraint ............................................................................................................................. 93
SQL - UNIQUE Constraint ............................................................................................................................... 94
SQL ─ Primary Key.......................................................................................................................................... 95
SQL ─ Foreign Key .......................................................................................................................................... 96
SQL ─ CHECK Constraint ................................................................................................................................ 98
SQL ─ INDEX Constraint ................................................................................................................................. 99
Dropping Constraints ................................................................................................................................... 101
Integrity Constraints .................................................................................................................................... 101
26. SQL ─ Using Joins .................................................................................................................................. 102
SQL - INNER JOIN ......................................................................................................................................... 103
SQL ─ LEFT JOIN ........................................................................................................................................... 105
SQL - RIGHT JOIN ......................................................................................................................................... 107
SQL ─ FULL JOIN ........................................................................................................................................... 109
SQL ─ SELF JOIN ........................................................................................................................................... 111
SQL ─ CARTESIAN or CROSS JOIN ................................................................................................................. 113
27. SQL ─ UNIONS CLAUSE .......................................................................................................................... 116
The UNION ALL Clause ................................................................................................................................. 119
SQL ─ INTERSECT Clause .............................................................................................................................. 121
SQL ─ EXCEPT Clause ................................................................................................................................... 123
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